Part 23
"Loyal Creeks": 192, _footnote_, 193, 194, _footnote_, 195, 199, 243-246, 250, 254, 259; sufferings, 260; measures for relief of, 260 _et seq._, 272; annuities of "hostiles" to be applied to relief of, 274
Luce, John B: 125, 282, _footnote_
McCarron, Thomas: 311
McClellan, George B: 265, _footnote_, 275, 276
McCulloch, Ben: 85, _footnote_, 120, 135, _footnote_, 141, 143-144; letter of Hubbard to, 144-145; attempt to secure Cherokee help, 149-153; communication with John Ross, 149; reply of John Ross to, 150; correspondence with Secretary Walker, 151, and _footnote_; reports Choctaws and Chickasaws as anxious to join Confederacy, 155; accompanies Albert Pike, 189, _footnote_; gives authority for calling out six hundred rangers from Fort Cobb, 198, _footnote_; objects to appointment of Garrett as colonel of Creek regiment, 212, _footnote_; acts under direct orders from Richmond, 225; promises to protect Cherokee borders, 227; orders Stand Watie to take up position in Cherokee Neutral Lands, 252, _footnote_; goes to Richmond, 257, _footnote_
McCulloch, Henry E: 99, _footnote_, 207
McCulloch, Thomas C: 210, _footnote_
McDaniel, James: 262, _footnote_, 268, and _footnote_
Machinations: secessionist sympathy of Indians not due to, of agents and others, 219, _footnote_
McIntosh, Chilly: 92, 140, _footnote_, 193, and _footnote_, 200, _footnote_
McIntosh, D. N: 92
McIntosh, James: 256 _et seq._
McIntosh, Rolly: 193, _footnote_
McIntosh, William: 191, _footnote_, 193, _footnote_; attempts to bribe John Ross, 236, _footnote_
McRae, John J: presents petition for removal of Choctaws, 20, _footnote_
McWillie, M. H: 207, _footnote_
Mails: insecurity, 116; none in Indian country, 190, _footnote_; irregularity, 230, 252, _footnote_; must be provided for in Leased District, 309; Rector has no authority to establish, 332
Malfeasance: Rev. Thomas Johnson suspected of, 39, 41; few Indian Office officials free from, 56, _footnote_; Washburn implicated in, 85, _footnote_; Indian agents guilty of, 262, _footnote_
Manassas Junction: battle of, 216
Mandan: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_
Manypenny, George W: 30, _footnote_; Indian treaties made by, 33, _footnote_, 35; promises to look into expediency of Comanche removal, 51, _footnote_; suggests giving Indians control of trade, 170
Marcy, William L: 165, _footnote_
Marshall, F. J: 207
Marysville: 207
Mass-meeting: of Cherokees at Tahlequah, 217 _et seq._, 226, 234
Mathews, John: 235, _footnote_, 239
Mayers, Abram G: 56, _footnote_, 197, _footnote_, 230, _footnote_, 287, 288, 289, 312
Mayes, Joel: 214, _footnote_
Medicines: Texans seize, 305, 308; Leeper's requisition can not be honored, 330-331
Memphis (Tenn.): 97, 104, 134, _footnote_
Methodist Episcopal Church South: 37, _footnote_, 38, 40, _footnote_
Methodists: 38
Mexican War: effect upon Indian interests, 28; service of Pike in, 132
Miamies: from Indiana, 19; charges against Agent Clover, 209, _footnote_
Michigan: tribes from, 19
Mikko Hutke: 194, 244
Military Board of Arkansas: 190
Minnesota: territory of Decotah to be carved out of, 31, _footnote_
Mission: of Pike, 134 _et seq._; of Hubbard, 143 _et seq._; of Carruth, 242, 246-247
Missionaries: encourage slavery within Indian country, 22; among Indians, 39 _et seq._; suspected of attempting to abolitionize Indian country, 41; charged with inciting to murder, 47; search organization among Cherokees due to, 48
_Missionary Herald_: cited, 40, _footnote_, 41, footnote
Missions: 39 _et seq._, 143
Mississippi: Choctaws and Chickasaws from, 20; Choctaws in, fight on side of South, 20, _footnote_; Cooper, citizen of, 41
Mississippi River: 17, 63
Missouri: Kickapoos, Shawnees, and Delawares tarry in, 19, _footnote_; interests herself in Indian alliance, 83
Missouri Compromise: line approximately boundary between northern and southern Indian immigrants, 21; encroachment upon northern rights under, 22; as affected by Kansas-Nebraska bill, 30
Mitchell, Charles B: 97, 98, 334
Montgomery: 76, 87, _footnote_, 94, 109, 192, 196, 297
Moore, Andrew B: 108
Moore, Frank: work cited, 45, _footnote_, 125, _footnote_, 227, _footnote_
Moore, Thomas O: 155, 192, _footnote_
Moo-sho-le-tubbee: district of, 34, _footnote_
Moravians: 38
Morton, Jackson: 127
Motey Kennard: 58, _footnote_, 80, _footnote_, 92, 94, 119, 191, and _footnote_, 193, 199, 200, _footnote_, 218, _footnote_, 243, 337
Mound City: 230, _footnote_
Munsees: from Ohio, 19; Moravians among, 38
Murphy, J: 119
Mus-co-kee: territory of suggested, 31, _footnote_
Navajoe: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_
Ne-a-math-la: 193, _footnote_
Nebraska: indigenous tribes in, 19, _footnote_; agitation for opening up of, 28; drouth in, 57
Ne-con-he-con: 268, _footnote_
Negroes: Choctaws charged with mixing with, 20, _footnote_; Creeks almost completely mixed with, 22, _footnote_; Creeks possess no aversion to race mixture, 23, _footnote_; no rights that white men are bound to respect, 29; Quantrill plans to rescue, 48; Indians agree to return fugitive, 166, _footnote_; six hundred, seized by Kansans, 334
Neighbors, Robert S: 56, _footnote_
Neosho: suggested territory of, 31, _footnote_
Neosho River: 208, 277, _footnote_
Neosho River Agency: 30, _footnote_; invaded, 35, _footnote_; Elder put in charge of, 186; Indians of, at Fort Smith Council, 241
Neutrality: McCulloch agrees to respect Cherokee, 136, _footnote_; of Indians scarcely possible, 145; Chief Ross gives reasons for preserving, 147, 150; Chief Ross objects to violation of, 150; majority of Cherokees favor, 153; Chief Ross's Proclamation of, 153-154; discussion in Cherokee meeting at Tahlequah, 220 _et seq._; McCulloch orders Stand Watie's men not to interfere with Cherokee, 227
New Hope Academy: 40, _footnote_
_New Orleans Picayune_: 32, _footnote_
Newspapers: 47, 75, 80, _footnote_
New York Indians: from Wisconsin, 19; reservation invaded, 35; members of Neosha River Agency, 51; Refugees camp upon lands of, 260
North Carolina: Cherokees fight on side of South, 20, _footnote_
North Fork Village: 92, 94, 95, 157, 188, 192
North Fork of Canadian: 67, 136, _footnote_, 189, _footnote_, 254
Northern Baptists: 38, 39
Northern Indians: colonized within limits of great American desert, 18; relative position of, 21; Pike hoped to exert influence over, 208; reported organized into spy companies by Federals, 306
Oak Hills, or Wilson's Creek: battle of, 215, 216, 225, 257, _footnote_
Ochiltree, William B: 129
Office of Indian Affairs: plans for removal of Catawbas from Carolinas, 20, _footnote_; takes measures for removal of Seminoles from Florida, 20, _footnote_; refuses to remove Choctaws from Mississippi, 20, _footnote_; unable to execute plan for removal of Texas Indians before 1859, 52; reply of Creeks to proposals, 58; patronage of, 59; out of communication with Indian Territory, 81, _footnote_; complaint filed at, 96; in possession of documents incriminating D. H. Cooper, 186; discontinues Indian allowances, 192; supports War Department, 271
Ogden, John B: 89, _footnote_, 108, _footnote_, 115, _footnote_
Ohio: people of, desire information about Manypenny treaties, 33, _footnote_
Okanagan: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_
Ok-ta-ha-hassee Harjo [Sands]: 194, 244, and _footnote_
Old Choctaw Agency: 211, _footnote_
Oldham, W. S: 100, _footnote_
_Old Scottish Gentleman_: 107 and _footnote_
Old Settlers Party: 49
Omaha Mission School: youths from, enlist in army, 227, _footnote_
Omahas: 227, _footnote_
Opoeth-le-yo-ho-la: 138, _footnote_, 193 and _footnote_, 194, 195, _footnote_, 198, _footnote_, 236, _footnote_, 243, 253, _footnote_, 254 _et seq._, 268, 278
Oregon: occupied, 28
Osage Manual Labor School: 38, _footnote_
Osage Mission: 182, _footnote_
Osage River Agency: 208, _footnote_
Osage Treaty: 157 and _footnote_; lands, in Kansas guaranteed by, 162; model on subject of rendition of slaves, 167; navigable waters, 175; negotiated, 237
Osages: indigenous to Kansas, 19; Great and Little, 20, _footnote_; reservation invaded, 35, 295; determined to resist removal, 36; Roman Catholicism among, 38 members of Neosho River Agency, 51; negotiations with Pike, 137, _footnote_; described as "lazy," 208, _footnote_; letter to, from John Ross, 235, 236, _footnote_; bands of, 237
Otis, Elmer: 210, _footnote_
Otoes: 209, _footnote_
Ottawas: from Michigan, 19; regard removal as useless, 36, _footnote_; Baptists among, 38
Ozark Mountains: 19, _footnote_
Pacific Railroad Surveys: cited, 54, _footnote_
Pa-hiu-ska: 238, _footnote_
Panola: county of, 68, _footnote_
Pape, Henry: 182, _footnote_
Park Hill: Cherokee school at, 39, _footnote_; residence of John Ross, 135, _footnote_, 188, footnote; John Ross at, 150; W. S. Robertson retires to, 218, _footnote_; Pike invited to, 234; treaties negotiated at, 237
Parker, Eli S: 228, _footnote_
Parker, Thomas Valentine: work cited, 49, _footnote_
Parks, Robert W: 355
Pas-co-fa: 198 and _footnote_, 319
Pawnees: purchase from, 33, _footnote_; offer to enlist in U. S. army declined, 227, _footnote_
Pea Ridge: battle of, 138, _footnote_, 284
Pearce, N. Bart: 120, 131
Pegg, Major: 256, 257
Peoria, Baptiste: 235, _footnote_
Peorias: from Illinois, 19
Petition: of Representative John J. McRae, 20, _footnote_
Phelps, J. S: 81, _footnote_; 211, _footnote_, 240, _footnote_
Phillips, U. B: work cited, 134, _footnote_, 191, _footnote_
Piankeshaws: from Illinois, 19
Pickens: county of, 68, _footnote_
Pierce, Franklin: 41, _footnote_, 56, _footnote_
Pike, Albert: dislike of Van Dorn, 55, _footnote_; concerned with Choctaw Corn Contract, 57, _footnote_; and Choctaw commissioners, 78; writes to Seminole chief, 84, _footnote_; telegram, 105, _footnote_; poem in honor of Elias Rector, 106; correspondence with Robert Toombs, 129, 131, 134 and _footnote_, 152 and _footnote_; appointed by President Davis special commissioner to Indians west of Arkansas, 130; correspondence with R. W. Johnson, 131, 132; writings, 132, _footnote_, 133 and _footnote_; unjust to John Ross, 134, _footnote_; commissioner from Arkansas, 190-191; views on use of Indians as soldiers, 149; continues intercourse with Ridge Party, 156 and _footnote_; moderate in promises to strong tribes, 163; assumes financial obligations in name of Confederacy, 163-164; opens communication with Indian field service, 180-181; offers post to Leeper, 180, _footnote_; negotiates with Creeks, 192-195; negotiates with Choctaws and Chickasaws, 196-197; negotiates with Seminoles, 197-199; negotiates with western Indians, 200-202, 200, _footnote_; report submitted by President Davis to Provisional Congress, 202; invited to be present at consideration of Indian treaties, 205; desires to raise an Indian battalion from Kansas, 208; informed of Cherokee willingness to treat, 234; assigned to command of Indian Territory, 253-254, 322; Van Dorn's plans for, 280, 283; retires to Fort McCulloch, 284; continues Charles B. Johnson as contractor, 301-303; receives Leeper's apology, 356
Pike, W. L: 194
Pine Ridge: 43, _footnote_
Pins: 86, _footnote_, 135, _footnote_, 137, _footnote_, 138, _footnote_, 216
Pioneers: 18, _footnote_
Pitchlynn, P. P: 74, 77
Pitchlynn, W. B: 197
Policy: of U. S. government with respect to Indians, 18; of Confederate States government, 147
Politicians: as influencing Indian policy of government, 18, _footnote_; motives of, 21; demands of, for Indians, 31; reason for urging secession among Indians, 98, _footnote_; unjust charges against Ross, 150
Polk, James K: work cited, 49, _footnote_, 166, _footnote_
Pomeroy, Samuel C: 231, _footnote_
Pontotoc: county of, 68, _footnote_
Pope, John: 105, _footnote_
Population: of Indian country, 20-21; of southern superintendency, 211, _footnote_; of Creek Nation as estimated by Agent Garrett in report to Hubbard, 252-253, _footnote_
Postal system: to be maintained by Confederate States throughout Indian country, 180
Potawatomies: from Indiana, 19; Roman Catholicism among, 38; Southern Baptists among, 38
Poteau River: 108
Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions: 37, _footnote_, 40, _footnote_, 41, 79
Presbyterians (Old School): 38, _footnote_, 39, 40, _footnote_, 41
Price, Sterling: 138, _footnote_, 225, 257, _footnote_, 280, 283, 312, 326, 334
Prince, J. E: 98, _footnote_, 231, _footnote_
Proclamation: of Ross pledging Cherokee neutrality, 153-154; of Hudson announcing Choctaw independence, 196, 210
Pro-slavery men: intrenched among Shawnees south of Kansas River, 35; settled upon Cherokee Neutral Lands, 35, _footnote_
Protectorate: over Indian tribes suggested, 130, 142, 158, 190
Provisional Congress of Confederate States: act of, May 21, 1861, 130, 158 and _footnote_; considers treaties with Indian tribes, 202-206
Pulliam, Richard P: 183, _footnote_, 184, 294, 295, 297, 311, 324
Pushmataha: George Folsom, chief of district of, 23, _footnote_; District of, 34, _footnote_
Quakers: 39
Quantrill, Wm. Clarke: 48, 214, _footnote_
Quapaw Treaty: 157 and _footnote_
Quapaws: 51, 64, 67; in council with Creeks, Cherokees, Seminoles, and Sacs, 94; negotiations with Pike, 136, _footnote_, 235, _footnote_, 237
Quesenbury, William: 183, _footnote_, 184, 190, _footnote_, 194, 303, 323
Ray, P. Orman: work cited, 22, _footnote_, 34, _footnote_, 38, _footnote_
Reagan, J. H: 230, _footnote_
Rector, Elias: superintends removal of Seminoles, 20, _footnote_, 182, _footnote_; demands for Indians, 31, _footnote_; Cooper writes to, 42; urges that Frozen Rock be converted into military post, 53; enters into sort of private contract with Johnson and Grimes, 56 and _footnote_; Grimes and, 57, _footnote_, 285-289; relieved, 80, _footnote_; seconds efforts of cousin, 106; suggestion to Cooper, 106-107, _footnote_, 187; gives letter of introduction to Gaines, 113; gives information concerning Choctaws and Chickasaws, 120; attempt of U. S. government to find successor to, 182; uncertainty as to when entering Confederate service, 182, _footnote_; interview with Pike, 190, _footnote_; in company of Pike, 197, 198, _footnote_; writes to Leeper, 199, _footnote_; expense account of, 304; complaint against Pike, 328
Rector, Henry M: 102, 112
Red Fork of Canadian: 67, 255
Red River: 55, 63, 77, 91, 95, 100 and _footnote_, 108, 139, _footnote_, 175, 347, 349
Refugees: Opoethleyohola, leader of, 195; Coffin prepares to meet, 259; take up station between Verdigris and Arkansas Rivers, 259; approximate number of, 260 and _footnote_; sufferings of, 260-261 and _footnotes_, 265, _footnote_, 272; absolute destitution of, 273, _footnote_; Dole furnishes supplies to, 274; joint resolution for relief of, 274; annuities of hostile Indians to be diverted to relief of, 274 and _footnote_
Regiment: Colonel Cooper's filled with Texans, 78; Choctaw-Chickasaw and Creek, 210-211; Creek, to elect its own officers, 213; Drew's, organized, 226-227; work and character of Drew's, 240 and _footnote_; of Choctaw-Chickasaw Mounted Rifles, of Creeks, and of Cherokee Mounted Rifles, 252, _footnote_, 262, _footnote_; Drew's deserts Cooper, 256; only one white, in whole Indian Department, 280; Leeper asks for at least one, to keep order on Reserve, 349
Reid, Alexander: 76, 78
Removal: of Indiana more or less compulsory, 19 and _footnote_; slavery advanced as objection to Indian, 21-22; makes no difference in matter of slavery among Indians, 22; difficulties within Indian country incident to, 27; Calhoun's plan for, 27; U. S. government slow to adopt policy of, 27-28; settlers demand, of Indians from Kansas, 36; certain tribes contemplating, 36, _footnote_; of Indians from Kansas delayed on account of Civil War, 37; _Missionary Herald_ useful for history of, 40, _footnote_; reasons for, 48; project for, of Cherokees causes dissensions within tribes, 49; of Texas Indians, 52; Wichitas ask for immediate, 56; guarantee of territorial integrity in treaties arranging for, 160-161; indemnification for, 164-166; Choctaw claims under treaty of, 196
Reservation: system, introduced into trans-Missouri region, 21; Creeks disgusted with idea of individual, 58
Reserve Indians: see _Indians of Leased District_, _Wichitas_, _Tonkawas_, _Euchees_, etc.
Resolutions: of Choctaws, February 7, 1861, 72-74, 75; of Chickasaw Legislature, May 25, 1861, 122-124 and _footnote_; offered by Chilton of Alabama, 127; offered by Toombs for appointment of special agent to Indian tribes, 129; of Choctaws and Chickasaws showing friendly disposition towards South, 130 and _footnote_; passed at Cherokee mass-meeting at Tahlequah, August, 1861, 218, _footnote_, 223-225; joint, for relief of Indian refugees in Kansas, 274
Rhodes, J. F: work cited, 45, _footnote_, 129, _footnote_, 146, _footnote_
Richardson, James D: work cited, 129, _footnote_, 158, _footnote_, 202, _footnote_
Ridge, John: 47, _footnote_
Ridge, or Treaty Party: in favor of Cherokee removal, 49; connives with Ben McCulloch to circumvent wishes of Chief Ross, 151; minority party, 153; Pike's intercourse with, continues, 156; attempts to develop public sentiment in favor of Confederacy, 215; collision with Ross faction, 240
Robertson, W. S: 101, _footnote_, 192, _footnote_, 218, _footnote_
Robinson, Charles: 228, 234
Rock-a-to-wa: 231, _footnote_
Rogers, H. L: 332, 333, 336, 337
Rolla: W. S. Robertson fleeing from Indian country, reaches, 218, _footnote_
Roman Catholics: 38, _footnote_
Ross, John: correspondence, 69, _footnote_, uncle of Wm. P. Ross, 71; instructions of, 71, _footnote_; influence, 72; character, 72, _footnote_; letter of Dole to, 80, _footnote_; no one firmer friend to Union than, 86, _footnote_; correspondence with John B. Ogden, 89, _footnote_, 115, _footnote_; called upon by commissioners from Texas, 93; letter from Governor Rector, 112; letter to Rector, 117; letter from citizens of Boonsboro, 111, _footnote_, 124; J. R. Kannady communicates with, 125; issues proclamation of neutrality, 125, 153-154; Albert Pike unjust to, 134, _footnote_; letter of Hubbard to, 144-145; reply to Hubbard, 146-147; correspondence with Ben McCulloch, 149-151; sincerity possibly doubted, 168; declared shrewd, 189, _footnote_; Ridge Party attempts to undermine popularity, 215; attends meeting of Cherokee Executive Council, 217; address, 220, 223; suspected of not acting in good faith, 226; notifies Pike of Cherokee willingness to treat, 234; communicates with Creeks and Osages, 235; called upon to rally Cherokees, 256
Ross, Lewis: 138, _footnote_
Ross, Mrs. John: 220, _footnote_
Ross, Mrs. William P: work cited, 71, _footnote_
Ross, William P: 71, 89, _footnote_, 116, _footnote_, 137, _footnote_, 139, _footnote_, 217, 223
Ross, W. W: 210, _footnote_
Ross Party: opposed to removal, 49; majority party, 153
Round Mountain: 255
Route: of Opoethleyohola's retreat, 261-262 and _footnote_
Rust, Albert: 105, _footnote_
Rutherford, A. H: 30, _footnote_, 190, _footnote_
Rutherford, Samuel M: 86, _footnote_, 183, 199 and _footnote_, 319
Sackett, Major: 98, _footnote_
Sacs and Foxes: of Missouri, 36, _footnote_
San Antonio: 52, _footnote_
Sands: see _Ok-ta-ha-hassee Harjo_
Schoenmaker, John: 182, _footnote_
Scott, S. S: 198, _footnote_, 201, _footnote_, 314, 321
Scott, Winfield: 88, _footnote_, 97, 249
_Scottish Songs_: work cited, 108, _footnote_
_Screw Fly_: work cited, 56, _footnote_
Scullyville: Choctaw constitution of, 51; Creek regiment forming at, 211
Sebastian, William K: 106, _footnote_, 287
Secession: meeting held by white men and Choctaw half-bloods, 77; Presbyterian ordained missionaries favor, 79; Indian country threatened by advocates for, 80; Indian agents active for, 82-83 and _footnote_; mercenary motives in urging, 98, _footnote_; sentiment in Arkansas, 103 _et seq._; Pike offers arguments for, 133; secret organization of "Pins," 135, _footnote_; Stand Watie's party afraid to raise flag of, 140, _footnote_; large element within Cherokee Nation favors, 153; Griffith appointed commissioner to interview Indians in interests of, 184; Indian opponents absent from Pike's meeting at North Fork Village, 192; Jones most prominent of Choctaw advocates, 197; traces of influence of, 208; August mass-meeting of Cherokees ending in, 217
Second Seminole War: 20, _footnote_, 23, _footnote_, 164, _footnote_, 164-166
Secret Society: purpose of organization, 32, _footnote_; in Missouri, 35, _footnote_; among full-blooded Cherokees, 48; "the Pins," 86, _footnote_, 135, _footnote_, 216; among Cherokees for abolition purposes, 291, 293; Greenwood orders its dissolution, 292; Cowart's views upon schemes of, 294
Sells, Elijah: 186, _footnote_
Seminole Treaty: 157 and _footnote_; declares allegiance to C. S. A., 159, _footnote_; contains guarantee of autonomy, 159, _footnote_; contains promise of representation in Congress, 159, _footnote_; negotiated, 197-199, 197, _footnote_; considered by Provisional Congress, 206
Seminoles: from Florida, 20; removal in late fifties, 20, _footnote_; status of free negro among, 40; Presbyterians among, 40; manifest only slight interest in education, 40, _footnote_; given home in Creek country, 50; destitute, 57, _footnote_; representatives at inter-tribal conference, 71; letter to chief of, 80, _footnote_; condition reported by Carruth, 84, _footnote_; in council with Creeks, Cherokees, Quapaws, and Sacs, 94; negotiations of Pike with, 136, _footnote_; complaint against General Jesup, 164, _footnote_; Rector's transactions with, 182, _footnote_
Seneca and Shawnee Treaty: 157 and _footnote_
Senecas: 51, 64, 67; negotiations of Pike with, 136, _footnote_; from Cattaraugus Reservation, 227, _footnote_
Senecas and Shawnees: 51, 64, 67; negotiations of Pike with, 136, _footnote_, 237
Settlers: in Kansas demand that Indians vacate territory, 36
Seward, William H: reference to "higher law" speech, 42, _footnote_; Chicago speech, 58, 75; Senate speech, 58
Shawnee Manual Labor School, 38
Shawnee Mission: work of Rev. Thomas Johnson at, 22, _footnote_
Shawnees: from Ohio, 19; tarry in Missouri, 19, _footnote_; pro-slavery men among, 35; reported by Agent Dorn as anxious to leave Kansas, 36, _footnote_; Baptist school on reservation of, 38; Southern Methodists among, 38; as refugees, 57, _footnote_; trouble over tribal elections, 209, _footnote_; attack Wichita Agency, 329, _footnote_
Shon-tah-sob-ba [Black Dog]: 235, _footnote_, 238, _footnote_
Short Bird: 319
Shoshone: suggested territory of, 32, _footnote_