Part 23
_Of Fences._--Where domestic buildings do not serve as a boundary, either paling or hedge-fence has to be resorted to: we would prefer the former on the north or north-west side, which is of great advantage as a screen from cutting winds. For hedge-fences and their kinds, see page 210. The exotic observed there is _Thùja orientàlis_, Chinese Arbor-vitæ. The internal fences for shade or shelter to particular compartments, or to afford a diversity of aspect, may be made of _Sweetbriar_, _hardy China roses_, _Pyrus_, _red_ and _white_, with a few others of a similar nature, all of which must be attended to, to have them in neat order.
_Style of dividing the Ground._--This may vary with the extent of the ground, and the object of the cultivator.
The principal designs may be delineated, but one to answer every view and situation, we pretend not to give. In the first place, carry a boundary walk all round the garden, on one or two sides of which it may be straight, the others winding. The intersecting walks should (almost imperceptibly) lead to a centre, but not to cross at right angles, or to have parallel lines, as if divided or laid down by a mathematical scale, which is too formal for the diversification of nature. All walks through these pleasure departments should be winding and enlivening, not continuing any length in one direction.[K] The continuous view of a straight walk is dull and monotonous. The divisions should be highest about the centre, that whatever is planted therein may have effect; and to make a Flower-garden fully interesting, and render it a source of natural information, where free scope might at all times be afforded to employ the leisure hours in mental improvement, there should be a good system of arrangement adopted.
[K] Since writing the above we have seen the Flower-garden of J. B. Smith, Esq. and consider it a beautiful specimen, finely illustrating the taste of that gentleman.
The _Linnean_ system is the most easily acquired. A small compartment laid out in beds might contain plants of all the twenty-four _classes_, and a few of all the hardy _orders_, which do not exceed one hundred. Or to have their natural characters more assimilated, the _Jussieuean_ system could be carried into effect by laying down a grass plat, to any extent above one quarter of an acre, and cut therein small figures to contain the natural families, which of hardy plants we do not suppose would exceed one hundred and fifty. The difficulties of this arrangement are, that many of the characters are imperfectly known even to the most scientific. _Mr. John Lindley_ has given additional light on the subject by his last publication. All the large divisions should be intersected by small allies, or paths, about one and a half or two feet wide. These may be at right angles, or parallel, for convenience and order, in making beds, &c. for the various Dutch roots and other flowers. Patches or plats of grass studded with shrubs, deciduous and evergreen, are indispensable, and perhaps one or two grass walks.
_Of Walks._--These should have five or six inches of lime and brick rubbish, or broken stone in the bottom, covered with small pebbles, and firmly rolled with a heavy roller, over which lay two or three inches of fine gravel, giving the whole a complete rolling. Walks made on this method will stand well, and be always dry and firm. With regard to breadth, they must be made according to the extent of ground, and vary from three to thirty feet; from four to eight feet is generally adopted.
_Plants described or mentioned in this Work._
_Linnæan Name_. _English Name_.
ACÀCIA 61, 219. 1 móllis, downy. glaucéscens, glaucescent. verticiláta, whorl-leaved. florabùnda, many-flowered. diffùsa, spreading. _prostràta_. armàta, armed. var. pendùla, weeping. verniciflùa, varnished. decúrrens, decurrent. púbescens, hairy-stemmed. leucolòbia, white-podded. _dealbàta_. decípiens, paradoxical. fragràns, scented. pulchélla, neat. lophántha, two-spiked. _Mimósa élegans_. myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. Catéchu, Catechu. véra, true. Arábica, Arabian.
ANNESLÈIA 219. 1 Houstóni, Houston's. _Acàcia Houstóni_. grandiflòra, large-flowered. _Acácia grandiflòra_.
ACMADÈNIA 86. 6 lávigata, smooth. púngens, pungent. tetragýnia, four-sided.
AGATHÓSMA 86. 6 accuminàta, taper-pointed. hýbrida, hybrid. Thunbergiàna, Thunberges. imbricàta, imbricated. prolífera, proliferous. pátula, spreading. pulchélla, pretty. ciliáta, profuse-flowering.
ADENÁNDRA 86. 6 speciòsa, large-flowered. umbellàta, umbel-flowered. álba, white-flowered. fragràns, sweet-scented. uniflòra, one-flowered.
ANEMÓNE 134. Wind-flower. 15 palmàta plèno, double-yellow. stellàta versícolor, various. pavonìna plèno, scarlet. narcissiflòra, narcissus-flowered. Hallèri, Haller's. alpìne, alpine. nemoròsa plèno, double-leaved. thalictròides " common-double.
AMÓMUM 36.
ATRÀGENE 196. alpìna, alpine.
ÁPICRA 260.
AMARÝLLIS 260, 271, 274. 11 striatfòlia, stripe-leaved. Jonsòni, Johnson's. regìna, Mexican-lily. vittàta, striped. fùlgida, fulged. àulica, crowned. psittácina, parrot. " Cowbèrgia, Cowberges'. " pulverulènta, powdered. Griffìni, Griffin's. formòsa, large.
ANTIRRHÌNUM 134, Snap-dragon. màjus, large. mólle, soft. Sículum, Sicilian.
ASCLÈPIAS 134, 321, Silk-flower. tuberòsa, tuberous. rùbra, red. nívea, white. purpuráscens, purple-coloured. incarnàta, fleshy-coloured.
ACONÍTUM 134, Wolfe's-bane. speciòsum, showy. anthòra, wholesome. neúrbergensis, Syria. amæ'num, pretty. napéllus, monk's-hood. venústum, beautiful. zoóctonum, beast-bane. pyramidále, pyramidal. lycóctonum great-yellow. albùm, white. versícolor, three-coloured.
ÁLOE 219, 271. 10 vulgàris, common. Barbadénsis, Barbadoes. oblíqua, oblique. dichótoma, smooth-stemmed. lineàta, red-edged.
ADÓNIS 134. vernális, spring.
ARISTÉA 125. 5 cyànea, blue.
ALSTR[OE]MERIA 18, 57, 229, 339. 10 flós-martína, san-martin. pelegrìna, spotted. pulchélla, pretty. atro-purpùrea, dark.
AGROSTÉMMA 143. flós-cucùla, ragged-robin. _Lychnìs flós-cucùla_.
ARAUCÀRIA 261. 12 excélsa, Norfork-Island-pine. imbricàta, Chile-pine.
APHÉLEXIS 88. 5 hùmilis, dwarf. _Elichrýsum spectábile_.
AMÓRPHA 45.
ASTÉLMA 93. 8 exímia, beautiful. spiràlis, spiral-leaved. speciosíssimus, showy. fruticàns, frutescent. imbricàtum, imbricated.
ANGÓPHORA 107. 6 cordifòlia, heart-leaved. híspida, hispid.
ALOÝSIA 123. 9 citriodòra, lemon-scented. _Verbéna tripfýlla_.
AMPELÒPSIS 198. hederàcea, Virginian creeper. _Císsus hederàcea_.
ARISTOLÓCHIA 221. Birth-wort. 9 labiòsa, lipped.
ASTRAP`ÆA 221. 12 wallíchii, Wallich's.
ARÉCA 221. Cabbage-tree. 12 cátechu, catechu. olerácea, eatable. montàna, mountain.
ARDÍSIA 220. 10 crenulàta, crenulate. solanàcea, night-shade-leaved. élegans, elegant. umbellàta, umbel-flowered. _littoràlis_.
AGATHAÉA 82. 12 cæléstus, blue.
AGAPÁNTHUS 62. African lily. umbellàtus, umbel-flowered. var. variegàtus, striped-leaved.
ALONSÒA 62. incisifòlia, nettle-leaved. _Hemímeris urticifòlia_. lineàris _Hemímeris lineàris_.
AÙCUBA 63. 4 japónica, blotch-leaved.
ANAGÝRIS 63. 4 fætida, strong smelling.
AZÁLEA 63. 5 índica, Chinese. " álba, white. " purpùrea, double. " ph[oe]nícea, purple. sinénse, yellow.
AÒTUS 64. 1 villòsa, villous. virgáta, slender.
ANDERSÒNIA 64. 6 sprengelioídes, sprengilia-like.
ÁRBUTUS 64. Strawberry-tree. 7 Unèdo, common. " rùbra, red-flowered. hýbrida hybrid. _serratifòlia_, _andrachnoides_. andráchne, oriental.
BÁNKSIA 64. 8 dentàta, tooth-leaved. æ'mula, deeply sawed. serráta, saw-leaved. _undulàta_. latifòlia, broad-leaved. grándis, great-flowered. speciòsa, long-leaved. cunninghàmii, Cunningham's. spinulòsa, spiny-leaved. palludòsa, marsh. rèpens, creeping verticillàta, whorl-leaved.
BLÈTIA 66. 9 hyacinthìna, hyacinthine. _Cymbídium hyacinthìnum_.
BÒRONIA 66 5 pinnáta, scented. serruláta, rose-scented. aláta, wing-leaved.
BARÓSMA 86. 6 serratifòlia, saw-leaved. pulchèlla, blunt-leaved. f[oe]tidíssima, strong-scented. odoráta, odoriferous. dioíca, dioecious.
BABÌANA 303. 11 distíca two-ranked. strícta, erect. tubiflòra, tube-flowered. plicáta, plaited.
BRUNSVÌGIA 222. 11 multiflòra, many-flowered. laticòma, broad-headed. Josephínæ, Josephine's falcáta, falcate margináta, red-margined cilliáris, hairy-margined.
BAMBUSA 222. Bamboo-cane. 14 arundinàcea, reed-like.
BANISTÈRIA 223. fúlgens, fulgent. chrisophýlla, shining. splèndens, splendid.
BARRINGTÒNIA 223. 10 speciòsa, showy.
BRÒWNEA 233. 10 coccínea, scarlet. ròsa, Trinidad-rose. grandicéps, grandest.
BOUVÁRDIA 66. 7 triphýlla, three-leaved. Jacquínii, shark-leaved. _Ìxora americána_.
BRACHYSÈMA 66. 5 latifòlium, broad-leaved. undulátum, wave-leaved.
BURCHÉLLIA 67. 10 capénsis, cape. parviflòra, small-flowered.
BEAUFÓRTIA 67. 8 decussáta, cross-leaved. spàrsa, alternate-leaved.
BRÙNIA 67. 5 nodiflòra, imbricated. languinósa, woolly. comòsa, tufted. abrotanoídes, southern wood-like. formòsa, handsome.
BÓSEA 67. Golden-rod-tree. 5 yervamóra.
B`ÆCKIA 67. 6 camphoráta, camphor. pulchélla, neat. virgáta, slender.
BILLARDIÉRA 68. Apple-berry. longiflòra, long-flowered. mutàbilis, changeable. scándens, climbing. fusifórmis, long-fruited.
BÉLLIS 135. Daisy. perénnís hortensis var. var. garden.
BALLÓTA 260. 11 purpúrea, purple-flowered. _Amarýllis purpúrea_.
BELLADÓNNA 208. 11 purpuráscens, Belladonna Lily. _Amarýllis Belladónna_.
BIGNÒNIA 197. Trumpet-flower. crucígera, cross-bearing. grandiflòra, large-flowered. rádicans, rooting.
COTYLÉDON 39.
COLÙTEA 45.
CÝTICUS 45.
CÁLTHA 135. palústris plèno, double yellow.
CHAM´ÆROPS 262. Dwarf-fan-palm. 12 sp. sp.
CÓRYPHA 232. Large-fan-palm. 11 ambraculifera, large. talìera, great.
CLÉMATIS 196, 138, 83, Virgin's-bower. 12 integrifòlia, entire-leaved. angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. erécta, erect-growing. viticélla pulchélla, double-blue. flámmula, sweet-scented. virginiàna, Virginian. flòrida plèno, double-white. aristàta, awned. brachiàta, armed.
COB´ÆA 83. scándens, climbing.
CALLICÁRPA 229.
CAROLINEA 229. Cream-nut. 17 insignis, great-flowered. álba, white-flowered. prínceps, digitated. robústa, robust.
CARYÓTA 229. 12 ùrens, stinging.
CALÀTHEA 223. zebrìna Zebra-plant. _Maránta Zebrína_.
CÁNNA 224, 35. Indian-shot. 3 gigántea, tall. limbàta, bordered. díscolor, two-coloured. iridiflòra, nodding-flowered.
CÁCTUS 224, 271.
CÈRUS 225. 18 peruviànus, Peruvian. heptagònus, seven-angled. flagellifórmus, creeping. grandiflòrus, night-blooming. triangulàris, triangular. phyllanthoiídes, rosy-flowered. _Cáctus Speciosus_. Jenkinsòni, Jenkinsons'. Speciosíssimus, showy. Ackermánnia, Ackerman's. truncàtus, truncated.
COREÓPSIS, 138. tenuifòlia, slender-leaved. verticullàta, whorl-leaved. díscolor, two-coloured. trípteris, three-leaved.
CALCEOLÁRIA 68, 17, 35, 338., Slipper-wort. 10 angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. integrifòlia, entire-leaved. plantagínea, plantain-leaved. corymbósa, corymb-flowered. purpùrea, purple-flowered. Hopiána, Dr. Hopes'. micàns, fine. hybrìda, hybrid. Fothergíllii, Fothergill's. arachnóidea, cob-web.
CALOTHÁMNUS 68. 6 quadrífida, four-cleft. claváta, club-leaved.
CAMÉLLIA 69, 80., Japan-rose. 11 víridis, green-tea. Bohèa, black-tea. sesánqua, Lady Banks'. oleífera, oleiferous. maliflòra, pink-flowered. _Sesanqua rosea_. kíssi, nepaul. reticulàta, Capt. Rawes'. japónica, original. rùbra, common. álba, single-white. semidúplex, semidouble red. rùbro pléno, double red. cárnea, Middlemist's. myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. _involuta_. myrtifolia, minor. hexanguláris, six-sided. atrorùbens, Loddiges' red. anemoniflòra, red waratah. " rósea, rose war. dianthiflòra, carnation war. blánda, blush war. pompónia, Kew blush. pæoniflòra, pæony flowered. Welbánkii, Welbank's. álba-plèno, double white. flavéscens, ladies'-blush. fimbriàta, fringed white. imbricàta, imbricate petaled. variegàta, double striped. crassinervis? thick-nerved. conchiflòra, shell-flowered. rubricáulis, Lady Campbell's. longifòlia, long leaved. chandlèrii, Chandler's. _versìcolor_. Aitònia, Aiton's. althæflòra, holly-hock flowered. corallìna, coral-flowered. insígnis, splendid. anemoneflòra álba, white anemone flowered. heterophýlla, various leaved. Woódsii, Mr. Wood's. speciósa, striped waratah. fúlgens, fulgent. grandiflòra, large flowered. rósa-sinénsis, bright pink. intermédia, new blush. invíncible, Press's. _punctàta_. _pressíi_. rose-mundií, streaked. compàcta, compact-white. gloriòsa, dark-red. Róssii, Ross's.
CALLICÒMA 80. 6 serratifòlia, saw-leaved.
CARMICH`ÆLIA 81. 8 austrális, New-Zealand.
CUNÒNIA 81, Decandria-digynia. 2 Capénsis, Cape.
CLÉTHRA 81. 2 arbórea, tree. " variegàta, variegated-leaved.
COTONEASTÈR 81. 2 denticulàta, toothed. microphýlla, small-leaved.
CRÒWEA 81. 1 salígna, willow-leaved.
CHORIZÈMA 81. 5 nàna, dwarf. ilicifòlia, holly-leaved.
CINERÀRIA 82, Cape-aster. 12 speciósa, large-flowered. amelloìdes, blue. purpûrea, purple. lanáta, woolly.
CÍSTUS 82, Rock-rose. 3 ladaníferus, gum. Monspeliénsis, Montpelier. sálignis, willow-leaved. populifòlius, poplar-leaved. undulàtus, wave-leaved.
CAMPÁNULA 135, Bell-flower. persicifòlia, peach-leaved. " àlba-plèno, double-white. " cærùlea-plèno, " blue. urticifòlia, nettle-leaved. speciòsa, spacious. glomeràta, headed-flowered. versícolor, three-coloured.
CHEIRÁNTHUS 136. chéiri-vulgaris, Wall-flower. " hæmànthus, double-bloody. mutàbilis, changeable.
CHELONE 136. glábra, glabrous. oblíqua, oblique-leaved. barbàta, bearded-flowered. atropurpùrea, purple-flowered. pulchélla, pretty. venústa, showy. speciòsa, spacious.
CHRYSÁNTHEMUM 137. sinénse, variable-chinese. " tubulòsum álbum, quilled-white. " supèrbum, superb-white. " díscolor, large-lilac. " fúlvum, Spanish-brown. " atropurpùreum, early-crimson. " involùtum, curled-lilac " fasciculàtum, superb-yellow. " serotìnum, pale-purple. " papyràceum, paper-white. " waratáh, yellow-anemone-flow'd. " versícolor, two-coloured red. " stellàtum, starry-purple. " verecúndum, early-blush. " mutábile, changeable.
COCOLÒBA 229, Sea-side-grape. 15 pubéscens, downy. latifòlia, broad-leaved.
CÙPHEA 229. 6 Melvílla, Melvill's.
CRÒTON 230. pìctus, painted. variegàtus, variegated. " latifòlia, broad-leaved.
CÉRBERA 230. 17 thevètia, linear-leaved. ahoùai, oval-leaved. odállam, spear-leaved. mànghas, blunt-leaved.
CÝCAS 230, Sago-palm? 11 revolúta, revolute. circinàlis great. glaùca, glaucous.
COMBRÈTUM 231. élegans, elegant. formòsum, handsome. purpùreum, scarlet.
CRÀSSULA 231.
CRÒCUS 275, saffron. satìvus, garden. Pallàsii, Pallas'. serotìnus, late-flowered. nudiflòrus, naked-flowered.
CÓLCHICUM 275.
CÁLLA 289. 12 Æthiòpica, Ethiopian-lily.
CORONÍLLA 83. 12 glaúca, glaucous. valentìna, nine-leaved. _stipulàris_. viminális, slender.
CORRÈA 84. 5 álba, white-flowered. rúfa, rusty-leaved. pulchélla, pretty. speciósa, showy. virèns, green-flowered.
CRAT`ÆGUS 84.
CUPRÈSSUS 85, Cypress. 6 lusitánica, cedar of Goa. péndula, pendulous. juniperoídes, African.
CALÁMPELIS 85. 11 scábra, climbing. _Eccremocárpus scáber_.
CELÁSTRIS 85. Staff-tree. 4 pyracánthus, red-fruited. cymósus, cyme-flowered. multiflòrus, many-flowered. lúcidus, shining.
COÒKIA 85. Wampee-tree. 11 punctàta, punctate.
CALLISTÀCHYS 85. 6 lanceoláta, lanceolated. ovàta, oval-leaved.
CHARLWÒODIA 234. 11 strícta, erect.
COFFÈA 227, Coffee-tree. 17 Arábica, Arabian.
CINNAMÓMUM 101. 15 camphòra, camphire-tree.
CLERODÉNDRON 124. 12 fràgrans múltiplex, double.
CRINÙM 261, 232. 11 capénse, cape. _Amarýllis longifòlia_. cruéntum, red. scábrum, scabrous. amàbile, showy.
CYRTÀNTHUS 232. 11 odòrus, scented. striátus, striped. oblíquus, oblique-leaved. vittàtus, ribanded.
CARÝOPHYLLUS 233. 9 aromáticus, aromatic.
CALLÌSTEMON 107. 6 salígnum, willow-leaved. lanceolàtum, lance-leaved. semperflòrens, ever-blooming glaùcum, glaucous. _metrosidèros speciòsa_.
CÝCLAMEN 290, 297. 11 Coúm, round-leaved. Pérsicum, Persian. hederæfòlium, ivy-leaved. Europ'æum, round-leaved. Neapolitànum, Neapolitan.
CENTRÀNTHUS 150. Phù, garden. _Valeriána Phù_. rùbra, red. _Valeriána rùbra_.
DION'ÆA 36. 5 mucípula, Venus-fly-trap.
DILLÈNIA 233. 7 speciòsa, spacious. scàndens, climbing.
DRAC'ÆNA 233. Dragon-tree. 11 férrea, purple-leaved. frágrans, scented. margináta, margined. dráco, large
DÁPHNE 313, 258, 270. 15 odòra, sweet-scented. _índica_. hýbrida, daphine. oleoídes, olea-leaved. laurèola, spurg-laurel. póntica, pontic. alpìna, alpine. cneòrum, trailing.
DELPHÍNUM 138. Larkspur. grandiflòrum, large-flowered. intermèdium, intermediate. _var._ _var._ elàtum, Bee-larkspur. montànum, tall-growing.
DIANTHUS 138. Pink. 17 barbátus, sweet-william. " plèno, double. díscolor, two-coloured. chinènsis, china. alpínus, alpine. supérbus, superb-red. caryophýllus, clove. plumárius, common. frágrans, sweet-scented.
DICTÁMNUS 139. fraxinélla, red. àlbus, white.
DODECÀTHEON 321.139. American cow-slip. mèdia, purple. " àlba, white.