CHAPTER XXIII

PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

Argentina is a land without ideals. Religion is at a discount, and as yet nothing worthy of the world's note has been produced in art or literature. There is no national conscience. It is a country for money-making, and, although I may have been unfortunate in the men I met, I encountered few Argentines who had thought beyond money.

The Argentines are a people numbering seven millions--drawn from the sturdier sections of the Latin race, reinforced by adventurous spirits from other races, and backed by the finance of London--and their ambitions are large. Argentina is a country to count in the new regions devoted to providing the food of the world; and the end of its possibilities is many generations away.

The travelled Argentine is conscious of the shortcomings of his countrymen when engaged in the battle of commerce with men of other nations. So he sees the need of a helping and guiding hand from other folk, particularly British. Gradually, however, other countries are getting their fingers into the pie: Germany and France. The United States is making a big endeavour, but, though the North Americans lack nothing in energy, they have completely failed to win the confidence of the Argentines.

Yet the educated Argentine feels, as foreigners are quick to notice, that the amalgam of races, with the Italian leavening the whole, is creating a new people. The Argentine lad is quick-witted and adaptable, and he is alert to learn the ways of the foreigner. So, though it is true enough that you find Englishmen at the head of many of the great concerns, the Argentine is pushing his way in and sometimes beating the foreigner at his own game.

The new spirit is revealed in the way the young Argentine is taking to sport besides horse-racing: rowing, tennis, and particularly football. As every child born in the Republic is by law an Argentine, it is subject for notice that many young English fellows native born are more Argentine than those of Spanish and Italian parentage. It is inevitable that, proportionately, the strictly Spanish population will decrease. But the Spanish language remains. It has a hold in the Western continent from Mexico to Patagonia.

Notwithstanding all that has been accomplished, one has only to look at a map to realise this region is to be the home for the overflow of Latin Europe, and that the scope of commerce at present is slight compared with its probable dimensions within a few years. Having some acquaintance with the great business countries of the world, I say unreservedly that if I had a son, and intended to put him into commerce in the hope of his making a fortune quickly, I would have him taught Spanish and send him to South America.

However, there is a slowly accumulating public opinion that Argentina can do without the foreigner, that the hour is coming when she should no longer be exploited in order that large dividends be paid to investors who live on the other side of the Atlantic. There is a sort of sub-conscious feeling that it is the genius of the Argentines themselves which accounts for the sunshine, the rich soils, the general productivity. Evidence of that state of mind can be found in other countries besides Argentina. Yet, though it is apparent to the most casual observer of the world's conditions that Argentina must wax in strength and become increasingly independent, it is clear that were she to attempt to stand, far less run, alone she would come a tremendous cropper.

The pride of the Argentine has to be reckoned upon. The nation recalls its decrepit past; it sees the abundant blossom of the present; it eyes are large when viewing the future. It declines to confound its destiny with any other South American Republic. For its northern neighbour Brazil, Portuguese and negro in population, it has a scorn which raises a smile on the lips of the outsider.

It resents the patronage of the United States. When the States preaches the Monroe Doctrine, and announces it will not allow any European Power to acquire fresh territory on the American continent, Argentina says: "It is very kind of you, but we do not require your help; we are quite capable of looking after ourselves."

Behind this is the belief that the Monroe Doctrine is but a design to permit the United States to become the ruling factor in American higher politics, if not to extend her sphere of authority the entire length of the continent. The manner in which the United States got possession of territory in Central America in order to construct the Panama Canal rankles in the minds of Argentines, as it does in the minds of most other South Americans. Bitter though the feeling is between rival South American States, they are at one in their resentment of United States patronage.

Occasionally, United States Ministers of high position travel south, and beat the pan-American drum. They are received politely, but there is chilliness in the courtesy. In blunt truth these Republics--be they right or be they wrong in surmise--do not trust the United States. I think I am well within the facts when I state that there is an agreement between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile--known as the A.B.C. combination--to take common action if there is any step south of the Panama isthmus savouring of aggression on the part of the United States.

Both in Argentina and Brazil, when I conversed with public men, I was given clearly to understand how deep-seated is this dislike of the United States. There is annoyance at the manner in which President Woodrow Wilson has lectured the Latin Republics of America for granting concessions to European syndicates for the development of their countries. President Wilson laid it down that the growth of foreign interests in these Republics was unwholesome, because they were sure to influence the political life; therefore, he said, it was the duty of the United States to assist in emancipating them from such subordination. This was a considerable extension of the Monroe Doctrine. The much-preached creed that the United States will not tolerate any other Power acquiring territory in the Western hemisphere had been expanded to mean that the United States is going to use its influence to free the Latin Republics from being under obligation to European countries which have given their millions of gold towards making those Republics commercially prosperous which, so far as financial assistance from the United States counts, would have remained practically undeveloped. At the latter end of 1913 Mr. Page, United States Ambassador to Great Britain, stated at a public dinner that President Wilson was determined to assert the principle that no sort of European financial or industrial control could, with the consent of the United States, be got over the weak nations of America so far as this control affected political influence.

What European countries think about this attitude of the United States in practically warning off European financiers if the investments or concessions have an influence over politics--which, of course, they must have in all trading countries--it is not for me to discuss here. But this over-lordship, this placing of the Latin Republics in a position of tutelage to the great Republic of the north, is denounced and repudiated by every Latin American public man.

I quite agree that it would be better for countries like Argentina and Brazil if they were not so dependent on the foreign capitalist. That is a view held by probably the majority of South Americans themselves. But they are not going to accept dictation from the United States, especially as they know that United States financiers and syndicates are not only endeavouring to control the meat trade of Argentina, but within the last year or so have been engaged in gigantic negotiations to secure ultimately a controlling voice in many of the most important railway concerns.

In the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies in December of 1913, Señor Pedro Moacyr questioned whether, even should the United States spare Brazil the fate meted out to Colombia, in regard to setting up the baby Republic of Panama so that the North Americans could construct the Panama Canal, Brazil would accept the tutelage over Latin America which President Wilson, improving on the imperialism of Mr. Roosevelt himself, and yet further accentuating the disquieting deviations of the Monroe Doctrine, had proclaimed? What it came to was, said Señor Moacyr, "that the Latin Republics are no longer to have the right to grant to foreigners such concessions and privileges as it may suit them to grant, and, under pretext of preserving them from a problematical European imperialism, the United States will subject them to its own domination and control. What, in this case, becomes of the integrity and sovereignty of Latin America for which the great Republic displays so much solicitude? More and more the Monroe Doctrine, new style, displays this manifest tendency: America for the United States.... Will the great Latin Republics be willing to submit to this American control, and subordinate their foreign policy and their economic orientation to the views and interests of Washington? We do not believe it."

It is only right that United States financiers should receive privileges the same as are accorded to the financiers of other countries; but such a pronouncement as that of President Wilson only intensifies the distrust of South Americans, so that when looking beyond their own frontiers for money they are more disposed to direct their gaze across the Atlantic than to the people of the United States. What may be taken as quite certain is that the big Latin Republics have sufficient confidence in themselves to refuse to accept any lectures from North Americans.

Coming late into the field the United States is now making strenuous endeavours to increase its trade with Argentina. Operations in regard to railways, and creating a meat monopoly in the hands of Chicago firms, provide the most striking proof. In regard to the creation of a meat trust, there is now a Bill before the Argentine Parliament providing that any contract relating to commerce or transport affecting the price to the consumer of articles of prime necessity is illegal. Those who form the trust can, under this measure, be punished for misdemeanour, and directors of companies or associations will be held personally responsible, and on repetition of the offence their companies or associations dissolved and effects confiscated.

At the present time there is a great American railway scheme to link up the railway lines in Argentina and Brazil with a line running through the Republics right up to New York, making a track over 10,000 miles in length and involving the building of nearly 3,700 more miles of line. The British Consul-General at Buenos Aires, Mr. Mackie, one of the most distinguished men in the British Consular service, says, in regard to this pan-American railway enterprise: "It would seem that out of the 3,648 miles of railway over which it was sought to acquire control, only 1,906 miles needed for carrying out the scheme in Argentina have been acquired up to the present. This untoward circumstance must of necessity substantially increase the original estimates of the mileage needed for linking up the railway systems of the Republics lying between Buenos Aires and New York. The dominion of the American controlled enterprise is not apparently to be confined to the narrow limits of railway undertakings, but it would seem that a lengthy list of subsidiary companies has been grouped with the syndicate, in whose London offices appear to be centred a South American lumber company, three development and colonisation companies, a Para rubber company, a port company, two navigation companies, a tramway company, light and power company, and an hotel company."

With such endeavours on the part of the United States to extend its power in the south, it is the obvious commercial duty of Great Britain not only to take stock of what is happening, but to take steps to meet it. When I was in Buenos Aires I was glad to hear of the formation of a British Chamber of Commerce. Hitherto English people with interests in Argentina have worked independently and sometimes in rivalry. Of course, wholesome rivalry should continue; but there are occasions when the British commercial community should act in concert, and the creation of the British Chamber of Commerce, with Sir Reginald Tower, the British Minister, giving it his active patronage, should be of immense advantage.

But all foreigners, be they British, German, French, or belonging to the United States, must recognise the ambition of the Argentines ultimately to do without them and to "run the show" for themselves.

The nationality of Argentina is not founded on tradition; it comes from the fervour of self-appreciation. Despite the growth of Socialism in the ports the country gives unprecedented scope for individual daring--gambling on the future if you like. The doors are open to all the races of Europe to become Argentines. The terror of Asiatic labour, which troubles some other new countries, will be slain by the readiness with which all Europeans are received, be they Russians or Turks. By marriage the race is a jumble of Spanish, natives, Italians, and northern Europeans. In North America a man or a woman with a drop of black blood is called "a nigger." Unlike Brazil, there are few negroes in Argentina; but many of the best families have native Indian blood in their veins. In South America a half-caste, a _mestizo_, is always counted as a white. Thus there are no race prejudices such as are to be found in so democratic a country as the United States.

Yet there is no new country where there is such a gap between one section of the population and the other. I ascribe the scanty intellectual life of the Argentine to the big break between the plutocracy and the labouring classes. The poor immigrant has an enormous struggle to raise himself above the condition of a serf. There are plenty of exceptions, but notwithstanding this the statement holds good. To those who have wealth, money to play with, increase in possession comes rapidly. There is little scope for the salary-earning middle class--a most valuable class in all communities--and, though wages are high according to European standards, the advance is not so great when the heavy cost of living is borne in mind.

So far I have endeavoured fairly to picture Argentina as it is. It would be idle not to count the disadvantages along with the merits of the land. I did not go to South America with any preconceived ideas, but to see what I could and write about what I saw and learnt. It has not benefits for poor agriculturists such as Canada offers, though the life is more pleasant. Out on the plains the climate is splendid. It is not a country for the clerk whose knowledge of Spanish is nil.

But it is an amazing country nevertheless. For ages it has been lying in the womb of Time. It has just been born, and its growth is one of the wonders of the world. Its inhabitants are quickly adapting themselves to modern needs. The revolutionary days are of the past. It has millions of acres under the power of man; it has many millions more awaiting population. It is crying out for population. And great steamers from Spain and from Italy are driving southwards over the line of the Equator carrying what Argentina needs. She receives nearly three hundred thousand new arrivals annually. And within a couple of years most of them become Argentine citizens.

INDEX

"A.B.C." combination, 273

ABATTOIRS, model, at Liniers, 129

ACONCAGUA, 89

AGRARIAN and veterinary school, Santa Catalina, 80

AGRICULTURAL banks, proposed establishment of, 188

AGRICULTURAL defence, department of, 61

AGRICULTURAL land, extent of uncultivated, 77

AGRICULTURAL produce, and the railways, 137

"AGRICULTURAL smalls," 243

AGRICULTURE, education for "colonists" in, 56-60; conditions of, 190; prospects of, 198; possibilities of development of, 257

ALFALFA, development and cultivation of,69; importance of, 69, 116; value of, 194-7; reputed influence on water level of, 233

ALPACA, the, 116

ALTA Gracia, excursions to, 143, 165; golf at, 172; races at, 172-5

ANDES, the, 89; the railway, and, 147, 215, _et seq._

ANTHRAX, the gaucho and, 230

ARBORICULTURE, school for, at Tucuman, 59

ARGENTINA, possibilities of, 4; railway development in, 43-51; land question in, 52-62; call for population, 53; value of exportations of, 60; and world's food supplies, 63, _et seq._; production of food supplies in, 61-71, 244; constitution of government, methods of taxation, etc., 72-88; characteristics of, 89, _et seq._; from the British immigrant's point of view, 43; wheat production of, 186, _et seq._; immigration laws and regulations, 203, 223, _et seq._; the Jews and, 237-41; indigenous fauna of, 244; and industries, 257, _et seq._; credit of, 263; as overflow of Latin Europe, 271; and foreign capital, 275; possibilities of, 278-9

"ARGENTINA from a British Point of View," by C. P. Ogilvie, 197

ARGENTINE Agricultural Society, 120; cattle-breeding and, 121; and railway tariffs, 137

ARGENTINE Club at Bahia Blanca, 177

ARGENTINE Railway Company, 153

ARGENTINE Transandine Railway absorbed by the Buenos Aires and Pacific, 145

ARGENTINES, the, wealth and pride of, 5, 6, 7, 20, 22-23; source of wealth of, 24; social life of, 29; extravagance of, 32; moods of, 32-3; characteristics of, 38-40, 270-2; ambition of, 58

AUSTRALIA and wheat supply, 186-7

AUSTRIA and frozen meat, 127

AVENIDA Alvear, "B.A.," 30

_Avon_, the, 19, 54

"B.A." _See_ Buenos Aires

BAHIA, 11

BAHIA Blanca, 43; commercial school at, 79; grain elevators at, 70; Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway at, 145; natural harbour, at, 176; growth of, 176-7; land values at, 177; life in, 177; railways at, 178; shipments from, 178; Victoria wool market at, 180; and the pampas, 181

BAHIA Blanca and North-Western Railway, absorbed by the Buenos Aires and Pacific, 145

BANCO Hipotecario Nacional, and loans for building, etc., 264

BANKS, licences for, 82; and gold reserve, 263

BELGRANO, "B.A." British colony at, 27

BELLE Ville, dairy school at, 60

BETTING regulations, 28

BENITZ Colony, forestry school, in the, 61

BIRDS, curious, 92

BOVRIL, 15; and meat extract trade, 159; cattle-breeding station of, 268-9

BRASSEY, Thomas, and first Argentine railway, 139

BRAZIL, agricultural riches of, 4; gambling in, 12; and Argentine cattle, 128; reported coal mines in, 155; dislike of United States in, 273, 275

BREWING, possible development of, 261

"BRIDGE of the Incas," 219

BRITISH capital in Argentina, 7, 21, 24, 43, 46, 123; in railways, 134

BRITISH Chamber of Commerce at Buenos Aires, 278

BRITISH immigrants, possibilities of sheep rearing for, 183

BRITISH trade and Argentina, 260-1

BRITISH trade methods, futility of, 85

BUENOS Aires, arrival at, 20; business of, 22-3; the streets of, 25; hotels of, 26; expensiveness of, 26; railways in, 27; Jockey Club of, 28; Colon Theatre at, 28; immorality of, 29; irreligion of, 29; showiness of, 30, 32; "Las Damas da Beneficencia," 34; foundling hospital at, 35; the Recoleta, 36; as capital, 37; population and characteristics of, 41; fascination of, 42; immigrants' accommodation at, 53; land values in, 65; slaughter-houses at, 70; senators from, 73; national and normal schools in, 78; university at, 78; shallowness of river at, 90; regulations against dogs in, 98; variations of climate in, 102-3; offices of Argentine Agricultural Society at, 120; Jockey Club at, 123; frozen meat works at, 124; population and meat demands of, 129; sheep market at, 130; railways from, 141; the Retiro station at, 142-3; suburban traffic of, 143, 151; B.A. and P. high level line at, 145; railway connection with Valparaiso from, 146-7; Mar del Plata and, 151; cost of living in, 241-2; increase of shipping trade of, 244; labour unrest in, 258; British Chamber of Commerce at, 278

BUENOS Aires and Pacific Railway, returns of, 140; growth and revenue of, 145; Light and Power Co. in connection with, 145; port accommodation at Bahia Blanca, 145; high level line to Buenos Aires, 145; reclamation of land from River Plate by, 146; transcontinental traffic, 146-7; Transandine line, 148; snow protection on, 148; prospects of, 149; Mr. Guy Calthrop and, 149; at Bahia Blanca 178; at Puerta Galvan, 179

BUENOS Aires-Rosario Railway, 141-2

BUENOS Aires Province, population of, 63; five years drought in, 90; cattle raising in, 130; cereal growing district of, 152; Hirsch Jewish colony in, 238

CAJA de Conversion, effect on credit of, 263; gold reserve of, 263

CALTHROP, Mr. Guy, and Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway, 149-50

"CAMP" life in, 67, 223, _et seq._

CAMP towns, ugliness of, 226

CANADA and wheat supply, 186

CATTLE, introduction of, by Spaniards, 95, 117; wild herds of, 95, 117; wild dogs and, 97; improvement and increase of, 99; numbers of, 122; and importation embargo in England, 130-1

CATTLE-BREEDING, 66-7; importation of bloodstock for, 118; improvements in, 120; Argentine Agricultural Society and, 120-2

CATTLE disease, prevalence of, 69

CENTRAL Argentine Railway, returns of, 140; growth of 141-2; electrification of, 145; suburban traffic, 143; excursions on, 143; goods and agricultural traffic of, 144; irrigation scheme of, 144; extension of, 144-5; weekly receipts of, 145; works of at Rosario, 156; excursions to Alta Gracia, 165

CENTRAL Cordoba Railway, 153

CEREALS, value of exportation of, 67; low yield of, 70

CHACO, the, swamps of, 91; Indians of, 91

CHAMBER of Deputies, constitution of, 73; qualifications of candidates and members of, 73; salary of members of, 74; Socialism in, 75

CHICAGO and Argentine chilled meat trade, 68

"CHICO," 212, 213

CHILI, nitrates of, 4; railway communication with, 146-7, 149; leprosy in, 246

"CHILLED" meat compared with "frozen," 125

CHILLED meat trade, American attempts to capture, 68; extension of, 126

CHRIST, statue of, on Chilian boundary, 148

CHUBUT, Welsh colony at, 225

CITIZENSHIP, qualifications for, 77

CLARKE, Mr. Percy, and Great Southern Railway, 152

CLIMATE, variations of, 89, 102-3

COAL, lack of, and importation of, 83; possible supply from Brazil, 155

COAL Strike, effect in Argentine of, 243

COLON Theatre, the, gala performance at, 29

"COLONISTS," system of, 54; and storekeeper, 55; position of, 55; agricultural education for, 56-8; difficulties of, 225

COLUMBUS and his discovery, 1, 5

COMMERCE, German and British competition for, 84-5

COMODORA Rivadavia, government reservation on petroleum zone of, 243

CONDOR, the, 245

CORDILLERA of the Andes, railway and, 147

CORDOBA, live-stock school at, 58, 59; university at, 78; commercial school at, 79

CORDOBA, and Central Argentine Railway, 144; position and population of, 158; university of, 159, 162; social life of, 160-1; opera performances at, 161; cathedral of, 163; relics at Jesuit church in, 163; British flag in church at, 164; schools at, 164; observatory at, 165; excursions to Alta Gracia from, 165

CORDOBA and Rosario Railway, 153

CORDOBA Central Buenos Aires Extension Railway, 153

CORDOBA Central Railway, extension of, 153

CORDOBA Province, locusts in, 61; cattle raising in, 130

CORRIENTES Province, Indians of, 266; resources of, 267

DAIRYING, Regional Schools in, 60

DE COSTA, Señora César, and statue of Christ, 148

DE GUZMAN, Ruy Diaz, and introduction of horses, 49

DE MENDOZA, Don Pedro, and introduction of horses, 120

DEPUTY, salary of, 74

DEVOLUTION in Government, 75

DIRECCION-GENERAL de Ferrocarriles, 49

DISTILLING, possible development of, 261

DOGS, wild, and cattle, 97; extermination of, 97; stringent regulations against, 98

"DOOR of Hell, The," 2

DROUGHT, evils of, 60, 70; severity of, 90

DUTIES on manufactured articles, 82

EARTHQUAKES in Mendoza, 201

EDUCATION, in agricultural subjects, 57-60; "regional schools," 60; divisions of system of, 77; religious instruction and, 77; secondary, 78; university, 78; authorities of, 78-9; intuitive method of, 79; national scholarships, 81; complaints upon methods of, 81

ENGINEER White, Port of, 178-9

ENGLAND and chilled meat trade, 68

ENGLISH immigrant, prospects of, 43, 224

ENGLISHMEN and Argentine prospects, 100-2

ENTRE Rios Province, cattle raising in, 130; resources of, 267; foreign small freeholders in, 268; railways in, 268; Liebig and Bovril ranches in, 268-9

ENTRE Rios Railway, 153

"ESTANCIEROS," profits of, 60

"ESTANCIAS," extent and equipment of, 66

"FAKES" in trade, 108-9

FARMING, profits and possibilities of, 60-2; equipment for, 66; slovenly methods of, 192

"FARQUHAR Group" of Railways, 152

FARQUHAR, Mr. Percival, and railway extension, 152

FAUNA, 92-4, 116-7, 244

FISHERTON, Rosario, 156

FLOODS, dangers and extent of, 90

FLORIDA, the, "B.A." 25

FOOT-AND-MOUTH disease, and exportation of cattle, 124

FORESTRY, school for instruction in, 61

FRANCE and frozen meat, 127, 133

FRAUDULENT trade descriptions, 108-9

"FROZEN Meat" compared with "chilled," 125; methods of freezing, 124-5

FROZEN meat industry, 22-3; influence of railways on, 43, 51; value of exportation of, 67; growth of, 70-1, 123, 126-7; establishment, 123; and England, 123-4

FRUIT culture, school for, 60

GAMBLING, on steamer, 12; at Alta Gracia, 169

GAUCHO, and horse-racing, 172-4, 228; effect of civilisation on, 227; duties of, 229; and anthrax, 230; as shepherd, 232

GAUTIER, Prof. Armand, on frozen meat, 127

GERMAN-ARGENTINE Society and frozen meat, 127

GERMAN influence in commerce, 84

GOLD reserve of banks, 263

GOLF at Buenos Aires, 27; at Alta Gracia, 172

GOVERNMENT, Constitution of, 72 _et seq._

GOVERNMENT House, "B.A.," 37

GRAIN elevators, at Engineer White, 179; at Puerta Galvan, 180

GREAT Britain, and importation embargo on Argentine cattle, 130-1; and Argentine railways, 139; and Argentine foodstuffs, 193

GREAT Southern Railway, returns of, 140; Light and Power Co. of, 145; extent of, 150; increase of passenger traffic on, 150; Mar de Plata service of, 151; goods and live stock traffic, 151; capital and receipts of, 152; Mr. Percy Clarke and, 152; at Bahia Blanca, 178; Port of Engineer White, 178

GUANACO, The, 245

HIRSCH, Baron, colonisation scheme of, 237

HORSE breeding, excellence of, 65-6; development of, 123

HORSE, first introduction of, 119; increase of, 119, 122

HORSE-RACING, at Palermo, 28; universality of, 107, 122; at Alta Gracia, 172-4; the Gaucho and, 228-9

HUDSON, W. H., "The Naturalist in La Plata," 93

HURLINGHAM, "B.A.," 27

IBERA, Lake, 267

IMMIGRANTS, Italians as, 10, 25, 53, 224; nationalities of, 63; typical English, 109-10; and political agitation, 241

IMMIGRATION, inducements for, 53; organisation of, 203, 223

INCA, 43

INDIANS, of Chaco district, 91; and horse and cattle stealing, 98; of Corrientes, 266

INDUSTRIAL school, methods at, 80

IRRIGATION, Government work in, 60; results of, 116; State and railway works for, 144, 150; in Mendoza, 208-9; in sugar district, 253

ITALIANS, as immigrants, 10, 25, 53; preponderance of, 224

ITALY and frozen meat, 127, 133

IRAOLA, Señor Pereyra, and champion bull, 152

JERKED beef, trade in, 128

JESU Maria, sanatorium of, 160

JEWISH Colonisation Society, the, 237, 238

JEWS, and wheat market, 23, 55; population of, 236; agricultural colonies of, 237-40

JOCKEY Club of Buenos Aires, 28, 123

JUAN de Rivadaneira, Fray, and introduction of horses, 120

KINDERGARTEN at Mendoza, 205

LABOUR, conditions of, 54; scarcity of, on _estancias_, 243, 252; influence of scarcity of, on industrial development, 257

LABOUR question at Rosario, 154-5

LABOUR troubles, frequency of, 84; in Buenos Aires, 258

LAND, profits on sale of, 47, 53, 64-5; ownership and labour on, 52 _et seq._; conditions of ownership in, 188-9

LAND values, 65; at Rosario, 157; at Bahia Blanca, 177; in Mendoza, 204

LA PLATA, 19; description of, 36-8; slaughter-houses at 70; university at, 78; and frozen meat trade, 124

"LA PRENSA," offices of, 41

LAS DAMAS da Beneficencia, 34

LATIN American, Spanish immigrants to, 2; range of, 3; possibilities of, 4; riches of, 5

LATIN immigrants at Rosario, 154; as farmers, 193

LATIN races, as emigrants, 3, 9, 25, 53; as seen in South America, 24, 59

LEPROSY in South America, 246

LICENCES for business, 82

LIEBIG Co., and meat extract trade, 129, 269; cattle-breeding station of, 268

LINIERS, slaughter-houses at, 129

LINSEED, Argentina's production of, 191

LIVE stock, value of exportations of, 60, 67; and importation embargo in Britain, 131

LLAMA, the, 116

LLOYD GEORGE, Mr., and Argentina, 24

LOCUSTS, depredations of, 61, 70, 233; and sugar districts, 254

LONDON and River Plate Bank, gold reserve of, 263

LONDON, chilled and frozen meat and, 126

LUMBER tracks of Posados, 243

MACKIE, Mr., on Pan-American railway scheme, 277

MAIZE, Argentina's production of, 191

MANUFACTURES, inability to develop, 83

MANUFACTURING resources, possible development of, 257 _et seq._

MAR DEL PLATA, 53; life at, 235; Great Southern Railway and, 151

MARES, distaste for, and slaughter of, 119

MARTINETTA, the, 245

MATACOS Indians, 266

MEAT extracts, trade in, 129

MEAT trade and U.S.A., 23, 68

MENDOZA, Viticulture College at, 57, 58, 80; the railway and, 147; situation and population of, 199; life in, 200-1; earthquakes in, 201; Western Park at, 202; schools in, 205; English club in, 212

MENDOZA Province, paper money of, 76; Government of, 203; how strikes are dealt with in, 203; taxation and land in, 204; vineyards of, 206; irrigation in, 208; fruit growing in, 211

MENDOZA River, 147, 208, 214, 217, 222

MERCEDES, 146

MEXICO and cattle, 4

MILITARY service, compulsory system of, 81

MILLIONAIRES, proportion to population of, 64

MOCAYR, Señor Pedro, and U.S.A. influence, 275

MONEY-LENDERS, licences for, 82

MONROE Doctrine and Argentina, 272, 273, 274, 275

MONTE Video, 19; the River Plate at, 90; and jerked beef trade, 128

MUTTON, value of exportations of, 67; prejudice against, 98

NATIONAL Bank of Argentina, gold reserve of, 266

NATIONAL flag, 64

NATIONAL Ministry of Education, 78

NATIONAL Railway Board, influence of, 49, 50

NATIONAL School of Commerce, 79

NATIONAL School of Pilots, 80

NATIONALISATION, Law of, 24, 63, 77

NEUQUÉN territory, irrigation works in, 150

"NORTHER," The, 103

NOUGES Bros., sugar mills of, 252

OBSERVATORY at Cordoba, 165

OGILVIE, Mr. C. P., on alfalfa, 194-7

OIL for fuel, 83, 243

PAGE, Mr., and financial control of South American Republics, 274

"PALACE of Gold, The," 37

PALERMO, fashionable life in, 27; races at, 28

PAMPA, dreariness of the, 89; extent and possibilities of, 181-2

_Pamperos_, the, 91

PARANA River, 90; wharves on, at Rosario, 154; lumber on, 243; highway of Santa Fé, 265-6

PARANA, town of, 268

PARQUE Independencia, at Rosario, 156

PATAGONIA, wilderness of, 89; as sheep-rearing country, 183; stature of natives of, 245-6; pastures of, 246

PEARSON, Mr. C. H., and Central Argentine Railway, 141, 142, 143

PELLEGRINI Law, the, and gold reserve, 263

PERNAMBUCO, 2, 10

PERU, rubber in, 4

PESO, the, 236

PETROLEUM zone, Government reservation on, 243

PILOTS, National School of, 80

PLATE, River, 19; volume of, 90; reclamation of land from, 146; silting of, 155, 176

PLAZA Jewell, Rosario, 156

PLAZA Mayo, "B.A.," 26, 27

PLAZA San Lopez, Rosario, 156

PLAZA San Martin, Rosario, 156

POPULATION, call for, 53; growth of, 63

POSADOS, lumber trade of, 243

PORT Madryn, Welsh colony at, 225

PORTUGAL and frozen meat, 127

POVERTY, non-existence of, 35

PRESIDENT, qualifications and powers of, 72-3

PROPERTY, State regulations on disposal of, 76

PROVINCIAL Council of Education, 79

PROVINCIAL Governments, powers of, 75; relations of, with Central Government, 76

PUERTA del Inca, 219

PUERTA Galvan, 179

QUEBRACHO, the, 92

RAILWAYS, luxuriance of trains on, 36, 44, 134-5; influence on prosperity of, 43; British capital in, 43, 134; mileage of, 45; State lines, 45; limitations of dividends of, 45; landowners and, 47; government and direction of, 48; profits of, for roadmaking, 49; and mail carrying, 49; equipment of, 49; causes of profits of, 134; "special cars" on, 135, 166-7, 213; carriage of agricultural produce, 137; growth of, 138; William Wheelwright as founder of, 138; United States and, 139; Thomas Brassey and, 139; dividends and prospects of, 139; growth of the Central Argentine, 141-5; growth and prospects of the Buenos Aires and Pacific, 140, 145-150; growth and prospects of Great Southern Line, 150-2; "Farquhar Group," 152; amalgamation of, 153; at Bahia Blanca, 178; Transandine, 213; influence on possible manufacturing developments, 260; and development of Santa Fé, 265; American scheme in connection with, 277

RANCH, life on the, 103-8, 230-1

RECOLETA, 36

"REGIONAL Schools," 6

RELIGION, indifference to, 29-30, 77

RETIRO Station, Buenos Aires, 142, 143

REVOLUTION of 1810, 64, 99; memorials of, at Tucuman, 249

RIDEAL, Prof., on frozen meat, 126

RIO Blanco, 217

RIO Cuarto, and Central Argentine Railway, 144

RIO de Janeiro, Harbour of, 13; the city, 16

RIO Negro Valley, irrigation work in, 150

RIO Neuquén Valley, irrigation works in, 150

ROADMAKING, railway profits taxed for, 49

ROADS, bad condition of, 48, 106, 170, 226

ROSARIO, land values in, 64, 157; grain elevators at, 70; "The Liverpool of Argentina," 141; railway works at, 143, 156; as business centre, 154; labour question at, 154-5; growth of, 155; life at, 156-7

ROSARIO-CORDOBA Railway, 141; concession of land for, 46

ROYAL Mail Company, 53

RUSSIA and wheat supply, 186

SANDSTORMS, 103; at Bahia Blanca, 177

SAN Juan, fruit culture school at, 60; School of Mines at, 80; progress of, 204

SAN Luis, 147

SAN Martin, statues of, 37, 160-1

SAN Pablo, sugar mills at, 252

SAN Rafael, progress of, 205

SAN Salvador, 1

SANTA Catalina, agrarian and veterinary school at, 80

SANTA Cruz, dreariness of, 246

SANTA Fé Province, cattle raising in, 130; development of, 265

SANTOS, 17, 18

SAVOY Hotel, Tucuman, 250

SCHOLARSHIPS, at Agricultural Schools, 58; for European study, 81

SCHOOL of Mines, San Juan, 80

SCHOOLS, religious instruction in, 77; primary, for adults, 77; secondary, 78; equipment of, 79; attendance at, 79, 81; technical and commercial, 79; physical drill in, 80; in Mendoza, 205

SENATE, the, constitution of, 73

SENATOR, qualifications of, 73; salary of, 74

SERVANT problem, 108

SHEEP, development of local characteristics in, 94; introduction of, 117; increase of, 123; precautions against disease in, 130; for freezing works, 130; on the _pampas_, 232

SHEEP-BREEDING, decline of, 67

SHEEP market in Buenos Aires, 130

SHEEP-REARING, drawbacks and possibilities of, 182-3

SHOE factories, 84

SIERRA de Cordoba, 158

SIESTA, abandonment of, 40

SMALL-HOLDING, difficult of securing, 225

SOCIALISTS, cohesion of, 75

SOUTH America, possibilities of, 4

SPAIN, and Argentina, 98-9, 116; and frozen meat, 133

SPANIARDS, and early colonisation of Argentina, 94, 116

SPANISH, necessity for use of in commerce, 87, 110-12; firm hold of, 271

"SPECIAL Cars" on railways, 135, 166-7, 213

SPORTS, Argentine's adoption of, 271

STEVENS, Mr., and Puerta Galvan, 179

STOREKEEPER, as "middleman," 55

STRANGERS' Club, Rosario, 157

STUCCO, use of, in "B.A.," 30, 36

"SUESTADAS," the, 91

SUGAR industry, school for instruction in, 58-9

SUGAR growing, at Tucuman, 250; possibilities of development of, 253-5, 262

SWITZERLAND and frozen meat, 127, 133

SYDNEY Harbour compared with Rio, 14

TANGO, the, 235

TARIFF on sugar, 255

TARIFFS on manufactured articles, 82-3

TAXATION, methods of, 82-3

TECHNICAL education, attention to, 79

TEXTILE industries, possibilities of, 262

"THE Argentine as a Market," by N. L. Watson, 255

"THE Naturalist in La Plata," by W. H. Hudson, 93

TIGRE, the, boating on, 27

TOBAS Indians, 266

TOTALISATOR, use of, at Palermo, 28

TOWER, Sir Reginald, 98, 278

TRADE, British and German methods of, compared, 85-6

TRADE Unions and Government, 84

TRANSANDINE Railway, 147; Summit tunnel of, 148

TUCUMAN, 43, 49; arboricultural school at, 58, 59; and Central Argentine Railway, 144; aspect of, 248; historic house at, 249; life in, 249-50; sugar harvest at, 250; development of sugar industry at, 251-6

TUNUYAN River, 147

UNDERGROUND Railway of Buenos Aires, 27

United Kingdom and Argentine cereals, 67

UNITED States and Argentine development, 7, 22, 64; and Argentine Railways, 139; influence in Argentina of, 271, 272, 275; wheat supply of, 186

UNIVERSITIES, qualifications for and localities of, 78

UNIVERSITY lectures in agriculture, 57

URUGUAY and Argentine cattle, 128

USPALLATA Valley route, 147

VALPARAISO, railway connection between Buenos Aires and, 146-7

VICTORIA Wool Market, Bahia Blanca, 180

VILLA Maria Rufino Railway absorbed by the Buenos Aires and Pacific, 145

VINEYARDS of Mendoza, 199, 206

VITICULTURE, college at Mendoza for, 57-8, 80

"WATCH Bird, The," 92

WATER supply on the pampa, 233

WATER-WHEELS, American, 44

WATSON, Mr. N. L., "The Argentine as a Market," 255

WHEAT, the Jews and, 23, 55; influence of railways on exportation of, 43, 51; average yield of, 70; world's supply of, 186; Argentina and, 190-2; the world's production compared with Argentina's, 193

WHEELWRIGHT, William, and foundation of Argentine Railways, 138

WELSH Colony at Chubut, 225; at Port Madryn, 225, 241

WESTERN Railway of Buenos Aires, returns of, 140

WILSON, President Woodrow, and South American Republics, 273-6

WINDMILLS for pumping purposes, 233

WINE, production of, in Mendoza, 206-11

WOMAN, position of, in Argentina, 28, 29, 33-51

WOOL, low quality of Argentine, 183-5; prospects of improvement of, 184-5; values of exportation and importation of, 262

WOOLLEN industry, possibilities of, 259

WOOLLEN manufactures, crudeness of, 84

YPECAHA, the, 93

ZANJOU Amarillo, 218

"ZONDA," the, 91

PRINTED BY CASSELL & COMPANY, LIMITED, LA BELLE SAUVAGE, LONDON, E.C.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Amazing Argentine, by John Foster Fraser