Chapter 1

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+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Transcriber's Note: | | | | Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has | | been preserved. | | | | The Nominal Roll was originally printed in two columns, | | and numbered on each page from top to bottom, left to | | right. This has been reproduced in this document. To | | avoid confusion, each page break is marked. | | | | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in this | | text. For a complete list, please see the end of this | | document. | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+

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THE 23RD (SERVICE) BATTALION ROYAL FUSILIERS.

(FIRST SPORTSMAN'S)

THE 23RD (SERVICE) BATTALION ROYAL FUSILIERS

(FIRST SPORTSMAN'S)

A RECORD OF ITS SERVICES IN THE GREAT WAR, 1914-1919

BY

FRED. W. WARD

CAPTAIN R.E., FORMERLY NO. 662 FIRST SPORTSMAN'S BATTALION

LONDON SIDGWICK & JACKSON, LTD. 1920

CONTENTS

PAGE

FOREWORDS 1

THE SPORTSMEN 3

FROM MAJOR-GENERAL SIR C.E. PEREIRA, K.C.B., C.M.G. 4

FROM MAJOR-GENERAL R.O. KELLETT, C.B., C.M.G. 7

FORMATION OF THE BATTALION, THE HONOURS GAINED, AND ITS RECORD IN BRIEF 9

A NEW TYPE OF SOLDIER--THE COSMOPOLITAN COMPOSITION OF THE BATTALION 15

TRAINING AT HOME--HOW THE FINISHED SOLDIER EMERGED FROM THE ROUGH MATERIAL 23

SERVICE OVERSEAS--HEAVY FIGHTING ALL ALONG THE FRONT, AND A TRIUMPHAL MARCH INTO GERMANY 35

GREAT WORK ACCOMPLISHED--HOLDING UP A GERMAN ADVANCE-- SILENCING SNIPERS IN A DERELICT TANK--AND SOME OTHER THINGS 67

PRESENTATION OF THE KING'S COLOUR--MAJOR-GENERAL SIR C.E. PEREIRA, K.C.B., C.M.G., AND HIS PRIDE IN THE BATTALION 73

"GOOD-BYE AND GOOD LUCK"--BRIGADIER-GENERAL A.E. MCNAMARA, C.M.G., D.S.O., AND HIS FAREWELL TO THE 23RD ROYAL FUSILIERS 77

THE BATTLE OF DELVILLE WOOD--AN ADVANCE IN FACE OF HUNDREDS OF MACHINE GUNS--A PERSONAL NARRATIVE 81

EXPERIENCES AS A PRISONER OF WAR--EXTRACTS FROM THE DIARY KEPT BY "MR. BROOKS, THE SCHOOLMASTER" 93

THE HONOURS' LIST: NAMES OF OFFICERS AND MEN AWARDED DECORATIONS AND MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES 103

THE ROLL OF HONOUR: OFFICERS AND OTHER RANKS WHO DIED THAT ENGLAND MIGHT LIVE 111

THE NOMINAL ROLL: NAMES AND NUMBERS OF THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE BATTALION WHO JOINED EITHER AT THE HOTEL CECIL, LONDON, OR AT HORNCHURCH, ESSEX 143

EDITOR'S NOTE 167

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

COLONEL THE VISCOUNT MAITLAND _Frontispiece_

FIRST INSPECTION OF BATTALION: HYDE PARK, OCTOBER, 1914 _to face p._ 20

MARCHING AWAY FROM HYDE PARK TO ENTRAIN FOR HORNCHURCH _to face p._ 28

THE CAMP, HORNCHURCH " 30

INTERIOR OF A HUT, HORNCHURCH " 30

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL H.A. VERNON, D.S.O. " 42

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL E.A. WINTER, D.S.O., M.C. " 50

PRESENTATION OF COLOURS: NIEDERAUSSEM, GERMANY, JUNE 24, 1919 _to face p._ 66

BATTALION HEADQUARTERS, HORNCHURCH " 80

THE BATTALION PIERROT TROUPE: GERMANY " 80

FOREWORDS

THE SPORTSMEN

Sportsmen of every kind, God! we have paid the score Who left green English fields behind For the sweat and stink of war! New to the soldier's trade, Into the scrum we came, But we didn't care much what game we played So long as we played the game.

We learned in a hell-fire school Ere many a month was gone, But we knew beforehand the golden rule, "Stick it, and carry on!" And we were a cheery crew, Wherever you find the rest, Who did what an Englishman can do, And did it as well as the best.

Aye, and the game was good, A game for a man to play, Though there's many that lie in Delville Wood Waiting the Judgment Day. But living and dead are made One till the final call, When we meet once more on the Last Parade, Soldiers and Sportsmen all!

TOUCHSTONE (of the "_Daily Mail_").

FROM MAJOR-GENERAL SIR C.E. PEREIRA, K.C.B., C.M.G.

The history of any New Army battalion is a valuable contribution to the history of the war. This applies particularly to a battalion like the 23rd Royal Fusiliers, which achieved a high morale and maintained excellent discipline throughout the war.

At the Front our only knowledge of the New Army before they came overseas was gained from the Brigade Staffs and Commanding Officers of the new Formations, who were sent over for short attachment to troops in the line.

We learnt from them the great difficulties that had to be overcome in raising new units, with very few officers, warrant officers, and N.C.O.'s to lead the new force and instruct them in military routine. Without exception they were filled with admiration of the physique, intelligence, and spirit of the men who had rushed to arms in those dark early days of the war.

It was evidently the flower of the nation that came forward, and probably in the history of all wars such magnificent material has never been equalled.

My acquaintance with the 23rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers extended from the end of 1916 to March, 1919, when the Battalion left the 2nd Division, and it is interesting to look back at my first impression of the Battalion, as I had not previously had any New Army battalions under my command. Regular battalions have the pride of history to sustain them, and traditions to live up to, but here I found a battalion not two years old, with its history in the making, but with the same spirit and self-consciousness that one finds in the old formations.

Those who have not had considerable experience of troops in peace and war may imagine that regiments are, at all times, sustained by a great pride in their past, and a determination to live up to it. Alas! in some cases this spirit dies away in adversity. I have seen the 23rd Royal Fusiliers in good times and in bad, and I have never found them downhearted.

When out for a few weeks' rest and training, in pleasant surroundings, their work and play were carried out with much life and zest.

In the fighting in the Cambrai salient, in the Bourlon-Moeuvres Ridge, on November 30, 1917, when the 2nd Division defeated six successive attacks on their line, the 23rd Royal Fusiliers at the end of the day held their line intact. This action was followed two days later by a withdrawal which was necessary to get us out of a sharp salient. This entailed very hard work and constant trench fighting, extending over several days. The troops were very exhausted from the extremely heavy calls that had been made on them, but after a few days' rest it was almost incredible how rapidly they had thrown off their fatigue and how good their spirits were.

They knew they had killed large numbers of Germans, and had successfully defeated a German attack which, if successful, would have been a great disaster for the British.

A more trying time was the March retreat in 1918. Lieutenant-Colonel Winter had lost his voice from the effect of several days of very heavy gas shelling of the Highland Ridge just before the Germans launched their attack, and he was voiceless for the next ten days. A large proportion of his Battalion were similarly affected, but time after time during the retreat they turned and fought, and inflicted heavy losses on the enemy until they did their share in repelling a heavy attack at Beaumont Hamel, where the Germans were finally held.

It was the spirit of such battalions as the 23rd Royal Fusiliers that broke the German offensive, and the marvellous power of recuperation that they had, given a few days to rest and sleep.

In the offensive operations that lasted from August 21, 1918, to the Armistice, the Battalion delivered many successful attacks with undiminished dash and courage, and it was a proud day when I saw them march through the Square in Duren with fixed bayonets, headed by the few Regimental pipers that had been through the war with them since their formation.

Well had they earned their Victory March into Germany, and Lieutenant-Colonel Winter was justified in his great pride in their fine appearance and magnificent transport.

In conclusion I must pay a tribute to the private soldiers, the non-commissioned officers, and the young officers, who, year in and year out, faced death and the greatest of hardships with that dogged courage that has always broken the hearts of our enemies. The saying that the British soldier never knows when he is beaten has never been truer than in this war.

My hope is that histories such as this may have a wide circulation, so that mothers, wives, and children may know what their men have done for their country, what dangers they have faced, and what vast sacrifices they cheerfully made.

FROM MAJOR-GENERAL R.O. KELLETT, C.B., C.M.G.

The story of the 23rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers cannot fail to be a fine one. Every soldier who, like myself, had the honour of fighting, I may say, shoulder to shoulder with it, will read its history with the deepest interest.

As its first Brigadier, I took up that appointment on December 19, 1914, when the Battalion was in its infancy, deficient of arms and equipment, but full of men whose physique, zeal, and spirit were magnificent, and this spirit was fully maintained, to the honour and fame of the Battalion, in the face of the enemy in France during the winter of 1915-16, and throughout 1916 and 1917, during which time it was in my (99th) Brigade, which formed part of the 2nd Division.

Throughout the heavy fighting we went through during this period, the 23rd Battalion Royal Fusiliers never failed me. What they were ordered to do they did, and more; any objective they seized they held on to, and never retired from. Few units can boast of as proud a record as this.

Many hundreds of their best and bravest made the last sacrifice, but the splendid gallantry and dogged and cheerful endurance of the Battalion never lessened.

I was, and am, a proud man to have had such a Battalion in my Brigade, a Battalion second to none amongst those who fought for the Empire in the Great War.

+-----------------------------------------------------+ | FORMATION OF THE BATTALION, THE HONOURS GAINED, AND | | ITS RECORD IN BRIEF | +-----------------------------------------------------+

FORMATION OF THE BATTALION, THE HONOURS GAINED, AND ITS RECORD IN BRIEF

RAISED IN LONDON IN 1914 BY MRS E. CUNLIFFE-OWEN (NOW MRS. STAMFORD, O.B.E.)

PARTICULARS OF STRENGTH.

+-----------+--------+--------+ | Officers. | Other | Total. | | | Ranks. | | ---------------------------------------+-----------+--------+--------+ Total strength of Battalion on | | | | embarkation | 31 | 1,006 | 1,037 | | | | | Total number of reinforcements who | | | | were posted to and joined the | | | | Battalion whilst overseas | 188 | 3,762 | 3,950 | | | | | Total number who have served on the | | | | effective strength of the 23rd Royal | | | | Fusiliers whilst overseas | 219 | 4,768 | 4,987 | ---------------------------------------+-----------+--------+--------+

NOTE.--The above figures do not include those posted to the Battalion for record purposes only, and who never joined the Battalion in the Field. The figures represent only those who have served on the effective strength of the Battalion overseas.

COLONELS IN COMMAND.

Colonel Viscount MAITLAND. From formation of Battalion to January 29, 1916.

Lieut.-Colonel H.A. VERNON, D.S.O. From January 31, 1916, to May 23, 1917.

Lieut.-Colonel E.A. WINTER, D.S.O., M.C. From May 24, 1917, to April 14, 1919.

Lieut.-Colonel F.L. ASHBURNER, M.V.O., D.S.O. From April 15, 1919, to March, 1920.

The Battalion proceeded overseas on November 15, 1915.

CASUALTIES SUSTAINED.

+-----------+--------+--------+ | Officers. | Other | All | | | Ranks. | Ranks. | --------------------------------------+-----------+--------+--------+ Killed in action | 26 | 427 | 453 | Died of wounds | 2 | 128 | 130 | Wounded in action | 81 | 2,216 | 2,297 | Missing in action | 19 | 331 | 350 | Died from sickness whilst on active | | | | service | Nil | 11 | 11 | --------------------------------------+-----------+--------+--------+ Total | 128 | 3,113 | 3,241 | --------------------------------------+-----------+--------+--------+

HONOURS AWARDED.

D.S.O. 5 Bar to D.S.O. 1 M.C. 27 Bar to M.C. 5 Order de l'Caronne 1 D.C.M. 14 M.M. 93 Bar to M.M. 6 M.S.M. 8 French Croix de Guerre 1 Belgian Croix de Guerre 1 Italian Bronze Medal for Military Valour 1

MOVEMENTS OF THE BATTALION AND BATTLES IN WHICH IT TOOK PART.

1915.

November: Bethune sector. December: Cambrin sector.

1916.

January: Festubert sector. February: Givenchy sector. March: Souchez sector. April: " " May: " " June: Carency sector. July: Somme and Battle of Delville Wood. August: Somme, in support. September: Hebuterne sector. October: Redan. November: Battle of Beaumont Hamel. December: Battalion resting.

1917.

January: Courcelette sector. February: Battle of Miraumont. March: Battles of Greyvillers and Lady's Leg Ravine. April: Vimy Ridge and battle in front of Oppy. May: Battle for and capture of Oppy-Fresnoy line. June: Cambrin sector. September: Givenchy. October: Battalion resting. November: Battalion moved to Herzeele, behind Passchendale, ready to go in, and was then moved south to meet the German counter-attack at Bourlon Wood. December: Holding Hindenburg line.

1918.

January: Highland Ridge. February: Highland Ridge. March: German attack. Battalion fought a rearguard action from Highland Ridge to Mailly-Mailly. April: Battalion holding line at Blairville and Adnifer. May: " " " " June: Holding line at Adnifer and Ayette. July: " " " August: Battalion led off for the Third Army on 21st inst., attacking and capturing enemy positions near Courcelles. September: Battalion attacked and captured part of the Hindenburg line at Doignes, and later helped to capture Noyelles, and attacked Mount sur l'[OE]uvres. October: Battalion attacked and captured Forenville. November: Battalion attacked and captured Ruesnes. November and December: Battalion marched forward into Germany.

1919.

Battalion in Cologne area as part of Army of Occupation.

1920.

Battalion in Cologne area until it was disbanded in March.

+-----------------------------------------------------+ | A NEW TYPE OF SOLDIER--THE COSMOPOLITAN | | COMPOSITION OF THE BATTALION | +-----------------------------------------------------+

A NEW TYPE OF SOLDIER--THE COSMOPOLITAN COMPOSITION OF THE BATTALION

With the formation of the Sportsman's Battalion it will be admitted quite a new type of man was brought into the British Army. Public Schools battalions, the Chums, the Footballers, and other battalions were formed. But to the First Sportsman's belongs the honour of introducing an actually new type.

To begin with, it was cosmopolitan. Practically every grade of life was represented, from the peer to the peasant; class distinctions were swept away, every man turned to and pulled his bit. To illustrate what is meant one hut of thirty men at Hornchurch may be mentioned.

In this hut the first bed was occupied by the brother of a peer. The second was occupied by the man who formerly drove his motor-car. Both had enlisted at the same time at the Hotel Cecil, had passed the doctor at the same time at St. Paul's Churchyard, and had drawn their service money when they signed their papers. Other beds in this hut were occupied by a mechanical engineer, an old Blundell School boy, planters, a mine overseer from Scotland, a man in possession of a flying pilot's certificate secured in France, a photographer, a poultry farmer, an old sea dog who had rounded Cape Horn on no fewer than nine occasions, a man who had hunted seals, "with more patches on his trousers than he could count," as he described it himself, a bank clerk, and so on.

It must not be thought that this hut was an exceptional one. Every hut was practically the same, and every hut was jealous of its reputation. Scrubbing day was on Saturdays as a rule, and it was then that the "un-char-lady" side of various men came out. They were handling brooms, scrubbing-brushes, and squeegees for the first time in their lives, but they stuck it, and, with practice making perfect, it was surprising to what a pitch of cleanliness things eventually got.

Even church parade has been dodged on a Sunday morning in order that three pals might unite in an effort to get the stoves blacked, the knives and forks polished, and a sheen put on the tea-pails.

One may smile about these things now when in civilian life again, but it was all very real at the time. The First Sportsman's were not coddled; no man thought twice about getting in a terrible mess when domestic duties had to be performed. The only kick came when the hut windows had to be cleaned with old newspapers. The man who had forgotten to wash the old cloths or buy new ones came in for a terrible time.

Rivalry, perfectly friendly in character, was great in the earlier days before chums began to be split up as the result of taking commissions. If we were digging trenches "somewhere in Essex," our particular sector had to be completed quicker and be more finished in character than any other. Jobs were done at the double if it were thought to be necessary; if any man developed a tendency to take a rest at too frequent intervals--well, he was ticked off in the most approved fashion. It all made for the good of the whole. The N.C.O. in charge had an easy time, he hadn't to drive a man. All he had to do was to see that in over-eagerness his working party did not take risks.

But the time came when the calculations upon securing a commission began to make their appearance. It may be some men were approached on the matter, or that others thought they would get to the Front more quickly as individual officers than as members of the Battalion (as indeed proved the case in many instances), but certain it is that the Colonel began to be inundated with applications to apply for permission.

Whilst freely recommending all suitable applications, the Colonel, in order to keep up the strength of the Battalion, made a rule that an applicant was to supply two other recruits to the Battalion of a certain height and of absolute physical fitness.

Naturally this was conformed with, and the recruiting sergeants round Whitehall were all the richer for it. So, too, were the recruits, and everyone was satisfied. If one man went two others took his place.

Finally, as it was found that men constantly leaving was interfering with the internal organization of the companies, a special company was formed of all those waiting for their commission papers to come through.

This company, "E," proved the friendly butt of all the others, one wag even going so far as to christen it the "Essex Beagles," alleging they did not "parade," but "met"!

So, in order to free the others for harder training this company provided very nearly all the fatigue parties for the camp.

Still, this didn't matter. It just gave the budding officers a chance to show what they were capable of. On several occasions a member of "E" Company proved he was more than a little useful with his hands when it came to a matter of treating things from a physical point of view and cutting the cheap wit out. The fatigues were also done without a murmur, that was another point of honour, and although the available strength of the company was dwindling day by day, "grousing" about extra work was conspicuous by its absence.

There was a funny side about this dwindling of the strength, too. Men would be on the morning parade, and not on that later in the day. The explanation was a simple one. Their papers had come through. A man would walk out through the gates and be pulled up by the sentry.

"What about your pass?" the latter would ask.

"Got my discharge," would be the reply.

"Got a commission?"

"Yes."

"Good luck, old chap. I'm getting my papers to-morrow."

So, many of the original members of the First Sportsman's Battalion were scattered about on every front in their various regiments. Walking through the Rue Colmar, Suez, one day I met my old company officer, then in the Royal Flying Corps. At Sidi Bishr, on the banks of the Mediterranean, I met another. A fellow-sergeant in the Battalion came up in the Rue Rosetta, Alexandria, and claimed me.

Out beyond the Bitter Lakes, east of the Suez Canal, I met an old Sportsman who had been a fellow-corporal with me. Back of the Somme, a prominent West Country Sportsman shouted a greeting to me from the Artillery. He still remembered rousing the camp at Hornchurch one night by sounding a hunting horn.