Part 513

1 China $ 2,622,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 2 Russia $ 483,100,000,000 30 November 2010 3 Saudi Arabia $ 456,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 4 Taiwan $ 382,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 5 Brazil $ 290,900,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 6 India $ 284,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 7 Korea, South $ 274,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 8 Hong Kong $ 262,700,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 9 Singapore $ 212,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 10 Thailand $ 176,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 11 Algeria $ 150,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 12 Mexico $ 116,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 13 Libya $ 107,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 14 Malaysia $ 104,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 15 Poland $ 99,760,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 16 Indonesia $ 83,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 17 Turkey $ 78,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 18 Iran $ 75,060,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 19 Israel $ 66,980,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 20 Argentina $ 53,610,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 21 Romania $ 50,510,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 22 Philippines $ 49,740,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 23 Hungary $ 45,730,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 24 Iraq $ 45,680,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 25 South Africa $ 45,520,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 26 Nigeria $ 43,360,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 27 Lebanon $ 41,570,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 28 United Arab Emirates $ 39,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 29 Czech Republic $ 38,670,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 30 Australia $ 38,620,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 31 Peru $ 37,270,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 32 Egypt $ 35,720,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 33 Ukraine $ 32,910,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 34 Kazakhstan $ 32,440,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 35 Venezuela $ 29,490,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 36 Colombia $ 26,920,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 37 Chile $ 26,080,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 38 Morocco $ 24,570,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 39 Kuwait $ 22,420,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 40 Qatar $ 22,410,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 41 Syria $ 17,960,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 42 New Zealand $ 17,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 43 Angola $ 16,890,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 44 Serbia $ 16,400,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 45 Vietnam $ 16,300,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 46 Pakistan $ 16,100,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 47 Bulgaria $ 15,070,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 48 Oman $ 14,000,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 49 Croatia $ 13,790,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 50 Jordan $ 12,640,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 51 Tunisia $ 11,230,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 52 Turkmenistan $ 10,810,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 53 Bangladesh $ 10,790,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 54 Uzbekistan $ 10,500,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 55 Trinidad and Tobago $ 9,659,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 56 Finland $ 9,128,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 57 Bolivia $ 8,739,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 58 Botswana $ 7,834,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 59 Uruguay $ 7,407,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 60 Latvia $ 7,170,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 61 Lithuania $ 6,418,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 62 Azerbaijan $ 6,330,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 63 Belarus $ 5,755,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 64 Yemen $ 5,744,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 65 Guatemala $ 5,709,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 66 Sri Lanka $ 5,630,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 67 Cuba $ 4,847,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 68 Kenya $ 4,585,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 69 Costa Rica $ 4,584,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 70 Iceland $ 4,206,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 71 Congo, Republic of the $ 4,123,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 72 Equatorial Guinea $ 4,086,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 73 Paraguay $ 4,082,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 74 Cameroon $ 4,023,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 75 Cote d'Ivoire $ 3,985,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 76 Cambodia $ 3,840,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 77 Ghana $ 3,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 78 Bahrain $ 3,766,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 79 Burma $ 3,762,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 80 Uganda $ 3,743,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 81 Tanzania $ 3,687,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 82 Estonia $ 3,641,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 83 Ecuador $ 3,590,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 84 Panama $ 3,525,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 85 Papua New Guinea $ 3,017,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 86 El Salvador $ 2,819,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 87 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 2,800,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 88 Dominican Republic $ 2,705,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 89 Gabon $ 2,602,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 90 Mauritius $ 2,360,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 91 Georgia $ 2,350,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 92 Honduras $ 2,302,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 93 Zambia $ 2,287,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 94 Armenia $ 2,247,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 95 Senegal $ 2,200,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 96 Macedonia $ 2,127,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 97 Sudan $ 2,063,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 98 Albania $ 1,992,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 99 Mozambique $ 1,982,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 100 Namibia $ 1,961,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 101 Ethiopia $ 1,880,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 102 Jamaica $ 1,850,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 103 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,615,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 104 Moldova $ 1,600,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 105 Burkina Faso $ 1,588,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 106 Nicaragua $ 1,580,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 107 Benin $ 1,254,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 108 Madagascar $ 1,038,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 109 Haiti $ 1,021,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 110 Congo, Democratic Republic of the $ 1,010,000,000 March 2010 est. 111 Lesotho $ 893,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 112 Chad $ 868,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 113 Rwanda $ 816,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 114 Laos $ 756,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 115 Swaziland $ 708,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 116 Togo $ 686,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 117 Barbados $ 620,000,000 2007 118 Malta $ 522,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 119 Guyana $ 506,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 120 Zimbabwe $ 376,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 121 Burundi $ 320,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 122 Tajikistan $ 303,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 123 Malawi $ 301,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 124 Cape Verde $ 296,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 125 Suriname $ 263,300,000 2006 126 Belize $ 219,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 127 Gambia, The $ 203,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 128 Seychelles $ 193,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 129 Eritrea $ 104,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 130 Samoa $ 70,150,000 FY03/04 131 Sao Tome and Principe $ 46,000,000 31 December 2010 est. 132 Tonga $ 40,830,000 FY04/05 133 Vanuatu $ 40,540,000 2003

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Rank code: 2189

Country Comparison :: Union name

Rank country Union name Date of Information

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Rank code: 2190

Country Comparison :: Political structure

Rank country Political structure Date of Information

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Rank code: 2191

Country Comparison :: Member states

Rank country Member states Date of Information

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Rank code: 2192

Country Comparison :: Preliminary statement

Rank country Preliminary statement Date of Information

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Rank code: 2193

Country Comparison :: Major infectious diseases

This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual country entries may vary according to local conditions. food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available. Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine. Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%. vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod: Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases. Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever; occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%. Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality rates 30%. African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the parasites. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries; 90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans can act as reservoirs of infection. Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages; manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes; disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease; infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose, and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%. Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects; infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74 developing countries with 80% of infected people living in sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite. aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine: Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys; endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50% in epidemic outbreaks. respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an infectious person: Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases, typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms.

Rank country Major infectious diseases Date of Information

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Rank code: 2194

Country Comparison :: Refugees and internally displaced persons

This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees or internally displaced persons (IDPs). The definition of a refugee according to a United Nations Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution." The UN established the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950 to handle refugee matters worldwide. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has a different operational definition for a Palestinian refugee: "a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948 and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict." However, UNHCR also assists some 400,000 Palestinian refugees not covered under the UNRWA definition. The term "internally displaced person" is not specifically covered in the UN Convention; it is used to describe people who have fled their homes for reasons similar to refugees, but who remain within their own national territory and are subject to the laws of that state.

Rank country Refugees and internally displaced personsDate of