Part 377
Guam volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south
Guatemala mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau
Guernsey mostly level with low hills in southwest
Guinea generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissau mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyana mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haiti mostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Holy See (Vatican City) urban; low hill
Honduras mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Hong Kong hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Hungary mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Iceland mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
India upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Indian Ocean surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Indonesia mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Iran rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Iraq mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Ireland mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Isle of Man hills in north and south bisected by central valley
Israel Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
Italy mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Jamaica mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Jan Mayen volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Japan mostly rugged and mountainous
Jersey gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Jordan mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Kazakhstan vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south
Kenya low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Kiribati mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Korea, North mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Korea, South mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Kosovo flat fluvial basin with an elevation of 400-700 m above sea level surrounded by several high mountain ranges with elevations of 2,000 to 2,500 m
Kuwait flat to slightly undulating desert plain
Kyrgyzstan peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Laos mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
Latvia low plain
Lebanon narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Lesotho mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Liberia mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
Libya mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Liechtenstein mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Lithuania lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Luxembourg mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Macau generally flat
Macedonia mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Madagascar narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Malawi narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Malaysia coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Maldives flat, with white sandy beaches
Mali mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Malta mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
Marshall Islands low coral limestone and sand islands
Mauritania mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
Mauritius small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Mayotte generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Mexico high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Micronesia, Federated States of islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk
Moldova rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Monaco hilly, rugged, rocky
Mongolia vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Montenegro highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
Montserrat volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Morocco northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
Mozambique mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Namibia mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Nauru sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Navassa Island raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
Nepal Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Netherlands mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
New Caledonia coastal plains with interior mountains
New Zealand predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Nicaragua extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes
Niger predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Nigeria southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Niue steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Norfolk Island volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Northern Mariana Islands southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Norway glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Oman central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Pacific Ocean surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest
Pakistan flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Palau varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
Panama interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Papua New Guinea mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Paracel Islands mostly low and flat
Paraguay grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
Peru western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Philippines mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Pitcairn Islands rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Poland mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
Portugal mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Puerto Rico mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Qatar mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Romania central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Russia broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Rwanda mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Saint Barthelemy hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with 20 beaches
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
Saint Kitts and Nevis volcanic with mountainous interiors
Saint Lucia volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Saint Pierre and Miquelon mostly barren rock
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines volcanic, mountainous
Samoa two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
San Marino rugged mountains
Sao Tome and Principe volcanic, mountainous
Saudi Arabia mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
Senegal generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Serbia extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills
Seychelles Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
Sierra Leone coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Singapore lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Sint Maarten low, hilly terrain, volcanic origin
Slovakia rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Slovenia a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Solomon Islands mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Somalia mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
South Africa vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 m over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 m (the global mean is 133 m); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million sq km in March to about 18.8 million sq km in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Spain large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Spratly Islands flat
Sri Lanka mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
Sudan generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north
Suriname mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Svalbard wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Swaziland mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Sweden mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Switzerland mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Syria primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
Taiwan eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Tajikistan Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Tanzania plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Thailand central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Timor-Leste mountainous
Togo gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Tokelau low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Tonga most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Trinidad and Tobago mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Tunisia mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Turkey high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Turkmenistan flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Turks and Caicos Islands low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Tuvalu low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Uganda mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Ukraine most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
United Arab Emirates flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
United Kingdom mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
United States vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges low and nearly level sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean floor
Uruguay mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Uzbekistan mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Vanuatu mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Venezuela Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Vietnam low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Virgin Islands mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land
Wake Island atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Wallis and Futuna volcanic origin; low hills
West Bank mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
Western Sahara mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
World the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean
Yemen narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Zambia mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Zimbabwe mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
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Field Listing :: Total fertility rate
This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing in size and whose median age is declining. Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to enter the labor force. Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years. Country Comparison to the World Country
Total fertility rate(children born/woman)
Afghanistan 5.5 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Albania 1.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Algeria 1.76 children born/woman (2010 est.)
American Samoa 3.22 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Andorra 1.34 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Angola 6.05 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Anguilla 1.75 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 2.06 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Argentina 2.33 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Armenia 1.36 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Aruba 1.85 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Australia 1.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Austria 1.39 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Azerbaijan 2.03 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bahamas, The 2 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bahrain 2.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bangladesh 2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Barbados 1.68 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Belarus 1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Belgium 1.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Belize 3.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Benin 5.4 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bermuda 1.98 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bhutan 2.29 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bolivia 3.07 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.26 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Botswana 2.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Brazil 2.19 children born/woman (2010 est.)
British Virgin Islands 1.71 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Brunei 1.88 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Bulgaria 1.41 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Burkina Faso 6.21 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Burma 2.28 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Burundi 6.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cambodia 2.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cameroon 4.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Canada 1.58 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cape Verde 2.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cayman Islands 1.88 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Central African Republic 4.68 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Chad 5.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Chile 1.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)
China 1.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 2.18 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Comoros 4.78 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.11 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 5.77 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cook Islands 2.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Costa Rica 1.93 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 4.01 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Croatia 1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Cuba 1.61 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Curacao 2.1 children born/woman (2009)
Cyprus 1.45 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Czech Republic 1.25 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Denmark 1.74 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Djibouti 2.79 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Dominica 2.08 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Dominican Republic 2.47 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Ecuador 2.46 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Egypt 3.01 children born/woman (2010 est.)
El Salvador 2.12 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 5 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Eritrea 4.6 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Estonia 1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Ethiopia 6.07 children born/woman (2010 est.)
European Union 1.51 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands 2.43 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Fiji 2.65 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Finland 1.73 children born/woman (2010 est.)
France 1.97 children born/woman (2010 est.)
French Polynesia 1.89 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Gabon 4.62 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Gambia, The 4.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Gaza Strip 4.9 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Georgia 1.44 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Germany 1.42 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Ghana 3.57 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Gibraltar 1.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)
Greece 1.37 children born/woman (2010 est.)