Part 312
Malaysia civil courts include Federal Court, Court of Appeal, High Court of Malaya on peninsula Malaysia, and High Court of Sabah and Sarawak in states of Borneo (judges are appointed by the king on the advice of the prime minister); sharia courts include Sharia Appeal Court, Sharia High Court, and Sharia Subordinate Courts at state-level and deal with religious and family matters such as custody, divorce, and inheritance only for Muslims; decisions of sharia courts cannot be appealed to civil courts
Maldives Supreme Court; Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of voting members of the People's Council; High Court; Trial Courts; all lower court judges are appointed by the Judicial Service Commission
Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Malta Constitutional Court; Court of First Instance; Court of Appeal note: magistrates and judges for the courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court
Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts
Mauritius Supreme Court
Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nacion (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court
Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president)
Montenegro Constitutional Court (five judges serve nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)
Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)
Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president, and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, Constitutional Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)
Nauru Supreme Court
Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (the president appoints the chief justice on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the chief justice appoints other judges on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)
New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
New Zealand Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note - judges appointed by the governor general
Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)
Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Nigeria Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)
Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court
Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)
Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has judges who practice secular and sharia law
Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court
Palau Supreme Court; Court of Common Pleas; Land Court
Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal
Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges proposed by the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura, and approved by the Senate and president)
Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Philippines Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)
Pitcairn Islands Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judicial officers are appointed by the governor
Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Portugal Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal de Justica); judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura
Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Qatar Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in 2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council for renewable three-year terms
Romania Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Rwanda Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial Courts; District Courts; mediation committees
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consisting of a Court of Appeal and a High Court; based on Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Kitts and Nevis); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consists of a High Court and a Court of Appeals; based on Saint Lucia; three judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Lucia); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consisting of a High Court and Court of Appeals; based on Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Samoa Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and Titles Court
San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice
Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals
Serbia courts of general jurisdiction (municipal courts, district courts, Appellate Courts, the Supreme Court of Cassation); courts of special jurisdiction (commercial courts, the High Commercial Court, the High Magistrates Court, the Administrative Court)
Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Sint Maarten Common Court of Justice, Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)
Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)
Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)
Solomon Islands Court of Appeal
Somalia following the breakdown of the central government, most regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either secular, traditional Somali customary law, or sharia (Islamic) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences
South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts
Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Sudan Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court; National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National Judiciary
Suriname Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate court (justices are nominated for life); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Swaziland High Court; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)
Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)
Syria Supreme Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the president); national level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year terms by the president); Court of Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts represent an intermediate level between the Court of Cassation and local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized courts - Economic Security Courts (hear cases related to economic crimes); Supreme State Security Court (hear cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce)
Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)
Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Thailand Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme Administrative Court; all judges are appointed by the king; the king's appointments to the Constitutional Courtare made upon the advice of the Senate; the nine Constitutional Court judges are drawn from the Supreme Court of Justice and Supreme Administrative Court as well as from among substantive experts in law and social sciences outside the judiciary
Timor-Leste Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court
Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)
Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Turkey Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
United Kingdom Supreme Court of the UK (established in October 2009 taking over appellate jurisdiction formerly vested in the House of Lords); Senior Courts of England and Wales (comprising the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Court of Judicature (Northern Ireland); Scotland's Court of Session and High Court of the Justiciary
United States Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate; appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts
Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (32 magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)
Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president for a five-year term)
Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu; a court of appeal is located in Noumea, New Caledonia
Yemen Supreme Court
Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court
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Field Listing :: Labor force
This entry contains the total labor force figure. Country Comparison to the World Country
Labor force
Afghanistan 15 million (2004 est.)
Albania 1.1 million (2009 est.)
Algeria 9.877 million (2010 est.)
American Samoa 17,630 (2005)
Andorra 42,220 (2008)
Angola 7.977 million (2010 est.)
Anguilla 6,049 (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda 30,000 (1991)
Argentina 16.62 million note: urban areas only (2010 est.)
Armenia 1.481 million (2007 est.)
Aruba 41,500 (2004 est.)
Australia 11.62 million (2010 est.)
Austria 3.63 million (2010 est.)
Azerbaijan 5.874 million (2010 est.)
Bahamas, The 184,000 (2009)
Bahrain 611,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2010 est.)
Bangladesh 73.87 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $10.9 billion in 2009-10 (2010 est.)
Barbados 175,000 (2007 est.)
Belarus 5 million (2009)
Belgium 5.02 million (2010 est.)
Belize 120,500 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2008 est.)
Benin 3.662 million (2007 est.)
Bermuda 38,360 (2004)
Bhutan 299,900 note: major shortage of skilled labor (2008)
Bolivia 4.614 million (2010 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.863 million (2007)
Botswana 685,300 formal sector employees (2007)
Brazil 103.6 million (2010 est.)
British Virgin Islands 12,770 (2004)
Brunei 188,800 (2008 est.)
Bulgaria 2.61 million (2010 est.)
Burkina Faso 6.668 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2007)
Burma 31.68 million (2010 est.)
Burundi 4.245 million (2007)
Cambodia 8 million (2009 est.)
Cameroon 7.836 million (2010 est.)
Canada 18.59 million (2010 est.)
Cape Verde 196,100 (2007)
Cayman Islands 39,000 note: nearly 55% are non-nationals (2007)
Central African Republic 1.926 million (2007)
Chad 4.293 million (2007)
Chile 7.58 million (2010 est.)
China 819.5 million (2010 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 21.27 million (2010 est.)
Comoros 268,500 (2007 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 23.53 million (2007 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 1.514 million (2007)
Cook Islands 6,820 (2001)
Costa Rica 2.17 million note: this official estimate excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica (2010 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 7.617 million (2010 est.)
Croatia 1.762 million (2010 est.)
Cuba 5.164 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2010 est.)
Curacao 63,000 (2008 est.)
Cyprus 400,000 (2010 est.)
Czech Republic 5.37 million (2010 est.)
Denmark 2.82 million (2010 est.)
Djibouti 351,700 (2007)
Dominica 25,000 (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic 4.498 million (2010 est.)
Ecuador 4.59 million (urban) (2010 est.)
Egypt 26.1 million (2010 est.)
El Salvador 2.94 million (2010 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 195,200 NA (2007)
Eritrea 1.935 million NA (2007)
Estonia 688,000 (2010 est.)
Ethiopia 37.9 million (2007)
European Union 225.2 million (2010 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,724 (1996) (1996)
Faroe Islands 34,680 (November 2008)
Fiji 335,000 (2007 est.)
Finland 2.68 million (2010 est.)
France 28.21 million (2010 est.)
French Polynesia 116,000 (2007)
Gabon 712,000 (2010 est.)
Gambia, The 777,100 (2007)
Gaza Strip 339,000 (2009)
Georgia 1.918 million (2007 est.)
Germany 43.35 million (2010 est.)
Ghana 10.56 million (2010 est.)
Gibraltar 12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
Greece 5.05 million (2010 est.)
Greenland 28,240 (January 2009)
Grenada 42,300 (1996)
Guam 82,950 (2007 est.)
Guatemala 4.26 million (2010 est.)
Guernsey 31,470 (March 2006)
Guinea 4.392 million (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 632,700 (2007)
Guyana 333,900 (2007 est.)
Haiti 3.643 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2007)
Holy See (Vatican City) NA
Honduras 3.394 million (2010 est.)
Hong Kong 3.7 million (2010 est.)
Hungary 4.17 million (2010 est.)
Iceland 188,000 (2010 est.)
India 478.3 million (2010 est.)
Indonesia 114.9 million (2010 est.)
Iran 25.7 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2010 est.)
Iraq 8.5 million (2009 est.)
Ireland 2.18 million (2010 est.)
Isle of Man 39,690 (2001)
Israel 3.08 million (2010 est.)
Italy 25.05 million (2010 est.)
Jamaica 1.317 million (2010 est.)
Japan 65.64 million (2010 est.)
Jersey 53,560 (June 2006)
Jordan 1.719 million (2010 est.)
Kazakhstan 8.718 million (2010 est.)
Kenya 17.94 million (2010 est.)
Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (2001 est.)
Korea, North 12.2 million note: estimates vary widely (2009 est.)
Korea, South 24.62 million (2010 est.)
Kosovo NA (2009 est.)
Kuwait 2.154 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force (2010 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.344 million (2007)
Laos 3.65 million (2009 est.)
Latvia 1.178 million (2010 est.)
Lebanon 1.481 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2007 est.)
Lesotho 854,600 (2007 est.)
Liberia 1.372 million (2007)
Libya 1.729 million (2010 est.)
Liechtenstein 32,440 of whom 16,200 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (2008)
Lithuania 1.633 million (2010 est.)
Luxembourg 206,000 of whom 125,400 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2010 est.)
Macau 322,000 (2009 est.)
Macedonia 942,000 (2010 est.)
Madagascar 9.504 million (2007)
Malawi 5.747 million (2007 est.)
Malaysia 11.62 million (2010 est.)
Maldives 144,000 (2009)
Mali 3.241 million (2007 est.)
Malta 174,000 (2009 est.)
Marshall Islands 14,680 (2000)
Mauritania 1.318 million (2007)
Mauritius 597,000 (2010 est.)
Mayotte 44,560 (2002)
Mexico 46.99 million (2010 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 16,360 (2008)
Moldova 1.203 million (2010 est.)
Monaco 44,000 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
Mongolia 1.068 million (2008)
Montenegro 259,100 (2004)
Montserrat NA
Morocco 11.63 million (2010 est.)
Mozambique 9.87 million (2010 est.)
Namibia 729,000 (2010 est.)
Nepal 18 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (2009 est.)
Netherlands 7.86 million (2010 est.)
New Caledonia 102,600 (2007)
New Zealand 2.32 million (2010 est.)
Nicaragua 2.343 million (2010 est.)
Niger 4.688 million (2007)
Nigeria 48.33 million (2010 est.)
Niue 663 (2001)
Norfolk Island 978 (2006)
Northern Mariana Islands 38,450 total indigenous labor force; 28,717 foreign workers (2005 est.)
Norway 2.59 million (2010 est.)
Oman 968,800 note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national (2007)