Part 505
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Appendix A :: Abbreviations
A
ABEDA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
ACCT Agency for the French-Speaking Community (see International Organization of the French-speaking World)
ACP Group African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States
AfDB African Development Bank
AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
Air Pollution Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30%
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes
AMF Arab Monetary Fund
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Antarctic Marine Living Resources Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
Antarctic Seals Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Arabsat Arab Satellite Communications Organization
ARF ASEAN Regional Forum
ADB Asian Development Bank
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
AU African Union
Autodin Automatic Digital Network
B
BA Baltic Assembly
bbl/day barrels per day
BCIE Central American Bank for Economic Integration
BDEAC Central African States Development Bank
Benelux Benelux Economic Union
BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
Biodiversity Convention on Biological Diversity
BGN United States Board on Geographic Names
BIS Bank for International Settlements
BSEC Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone
C
C Commonwealth
c.i.f. cost, insurance, and freight
CACM Central American Common Market
CAEU Council of Arab Economic Unity
CAN Andean Community of Nations
Caricom Caribbean Community and Common Market
CB citizen's band mobile radio communications
CBSS Council of the Baltic Sea States
CCC Customs Cooperation Council
CDB Caribbean Development Bank
CE Council of Europe
CEI Central European Initiative
CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa
CEPGL Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research
CEPT Conference Europeanne des Poste et Telecommunications
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
CITES see Endangered Species
Climate Change United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export Controls
Comsat Communications Satellite Corporation
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
CP Colombo Plan
CPLP Comunidade dos Paises de Lingua Portuguesa
CSTO Collective Security Treaty Organization
CTBTO Preparation commission for the Nuclear-Ban-Treaty Operation
CY calendar year
D
DC developed country
DDT dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane
Desertification United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa
DIA United States Defense Intelligence Agency
DSN Defense Switched Network
DST daylight savings time
DWT deadweight ton
E
EAC East African Community
EADB East African Development Bank
EAEC Eurasian Economic Community
EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC European Community
ECA Economic Commission for Africa
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
ECO Economic Cooperation Organization
ECOSOC Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
ECSC European Coal and Steel Community
EEC European Economic Community
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EEZ exclusive economic zone
EIB European Investment Bank
EMU European Monetary Union
Endangered Species Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
Entente Council of the Entente
Environmental Modification Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
ESA European Space Agency
ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
est. estimate
EU European Union
Euratom European Atomic Energy Community
Eutelsat European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Ex-Im Export-Import Bank of the United States
F
f.o.b. free on board
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FAX facsimile
FLS Front Line States
FOC flags of convenience
FSU former Soviet Union
FY fiscal year
FZ Franc Zone
G
G-2 Group of 2
G-3 Group of 3
G-5 Group of 5
G-6 Group of 6
G-7 Group of 7
G-8 Group of 8
G-9 Group of 9
G-10 Group of 10
G-15 Group of 15
G-11 Group of 11
G-24 Group of 24
G-77 Group of 77
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; now WTO
GCC Gulf Cooperation Council
GCTU General Confederation of Trade Unions
GDP gross domestic product
GMT Greenwich Mean Time
GNP gross national product
GRT gross register ton
GSM global system for mobile cellular communications
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development; acronym for member states - Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova
GWP gross world product
H
Hazardous Wastes Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
HF high-frequency
HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome
I
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC International Chamber of Commerce
ICCt International Criminal Court
ICJ International Court of Justice (World Court)
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
ICRM International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
ICSID International Center for Secretariat of Investment Disputes
ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
IDA International Development Association
IDB Islamic Development Bank
IDP Internally Displaced Person
IEA International Energy Agency
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFRCS International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
ILO International Labor Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
IMO International Maritime Organization
IMSO International Mobile Satellite Organization
Inmarsat International Maritime Satellite Organization
InOC Indian Ocean Commission
INSTRAW International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
Intelsat International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
Interpol International Criminal Police Organization
Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications
IOC International Olympic Committee
IOM International Organization for Migration
IPU Inter-parliamentary Union
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
ITSO International Telecommunications Satellites Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITUC International Trade Union Confederation, the successor to ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) and the WCL (World Confederation of Labor)
K
kHz kilohertz
km kilometer
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt-hour
L
LAES Latin American Economic System
LAIA Latin American Integration Association
LAS League of Arab States
Law of the Sea United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
LDC less developed country
LLDC least developed country
London Convention see Marine Dumping
LOS see Law of the Sea
M
m meter
Marecs Maritime European Communications Satellite
Marine Dumping Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter
Marine Life Conservation Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas
MARPOL see Ship Pollution
Medarabtel Middle East Telecommunications Project of the International Telecommunications Union
Mercosur Southern Cone Common Market
MHz megahertz
MICAH International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti
MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
MIGA Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency
MINUSTAH United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
MONUC United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
N
NA not available
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAM Nonaligned Movement
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NC Nordic Council
NEA Nuclear Energy Agency
NEGL negligible
NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NIB Nordic Investment Bank
NIC newly industrializing country
NIE newly industrializing economy
NIS new independent states
nm nautical mile
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone
NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
NZ New Zealand
O
OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity; see African Union
ODA official development assistance
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference
OIF International Organization of the French-speaking World
ONUB United Nations Operation in Burundi
OOF other official flows
OPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Ozone Layer Protection Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
P
PCA Permanent Court of Arbitration
PFP Partnership for Peace
PIF Pacific Islands Forum
PPP purchasing power parity
R
Ramsar see Wetlands
RG Rio Group
S
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SACU Southern African Customs Union
SACEP South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme
SADC Southern African Development Community
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization
SAFE South African Far East Cable
SECI Southeast European Cooperative Initiative
SHF super-high-frequency
Ship Pollution Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
SICA Central American Integration System
Sparteca South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement
SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Communities
SPF South Pacific Forum
sq km square kilometer
sq mi square mile
T
TAT Trans-Atlantic Telephone
TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit, a unit of measure for containerized cargo capacity
Tropical Timber 83 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
Tropical Timber 94 International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
U
UAE United Arab Emirates
UDEAC Central African Customs and Economic Union
UHF ultra-high-frequency
UK United Kingdom
UMA Arab Maghreb Union
UN United Nations
UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, also know as LOS
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Program
UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNEP United Nations Environment Program
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFICYP United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNICRI United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research
UNMEE United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea
UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
UNMIL United Nations Mission in Liberia
UNMIT United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste
UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
UNMOVIC United Nations Monitoring, Verification, and Inspection Commission
UNOCI United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire
UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
UNOPS United Nations Office of Project Services
UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
UNSC United Nations Security Council
UNSSC Untied Nations System Staff College
UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization
UNU United Nations University
UNWTO World Tourism Organization
UPU Universal Postal Union
US United States
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for information dated before 25 December 1991
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UV ultra violet
V
VHF very-high-frequency
VSAT very small aperture terminal
W
WADB West African Development Bank
WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union
WCL World Confederation of Labor
WCO World Customs Organization
Wetlands Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat
WEU Western European Union
WFP World Food Program
WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions
Whaling International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
WHO World Health Organization
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WP Warsaw Pact
WTO World Trade Organization
Z
ZC Zangger Committee
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
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Appendix B :: International Organizations and Groups
A
advanced developing countries
another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
advanced economies
a term used by the International Monetary FUND (IMF) for the top group in its hierarchy of advanced economies, countries in transition, and developing countries; it includes the following 28 advanced economies: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, US; note - this group would presumably also cover the following seven smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Holy See, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino that are included in the more comprehensive group of "developed countries"
African Development Bank Group (AfDB)
note - regional multilateral development finance institution temporarily located in Tunis, Tunisia; the Bank Group consists of the African Development Bank, the African Development Fund, and the Nigerian Trust Fund established - 10 September 1964 aim - to promote economic development and social progress regional members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe nonregional members - (24) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
African Union (AU)
note - replaces Organization of African Unity (OAU) established - 8 July 2001 aim - to achieve greater unity among African States; to defend states' integrity and independence; to accelerate political, social, and economic integration; to encourage international cooperation; to promote democratic principles and institutions members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara), Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)
established - 31 July 2007 aim - to contribute to the restoration of security conditions which will allow safe humanitarian assistance throughout Darfur, to contribute to the protection of civilian populations under imminent threat of physical attack, to monitor, observe compliance with, and verify the implementation of various ceasefire agreements members - (31) Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Canada, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, UK, Yemen, Zambia
African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP Group)
established - 6 June 1975 aim - to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU members - (79) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Federated States of Micronesia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
note - acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL) established - 14 February 1967 under the Treaty of Tlatelolco; effective - 25 April 1969 on the 11th ratification aim - to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons members - (33) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
note - formerly known as the Andean Group (AG) and the Andean Common Market (Ancom) established - 26 May 1969; present name established 1 October 1992; effective - 16 October 1969 aim - to promote harmonious development through economic integration members - (4) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru associate members - (5) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay observers - (2) Mexico, Panama
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)
note - also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA) established - 18 February 1974; effective - 16 September 1974 aim - to promote economic development members - (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League excluding Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
established - 16 May 1968 aim - to promote economic and social development members - (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq (suspended 1993), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia (suspended 1993), Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
established - 17 February 1989 aim - to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa members - (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia
Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)
established - 27 April 1976; effective - 2 February 1977 aim - to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs members - (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
Arctic Council
established - 18 September 1996 aim - to address the common concerns and challenges faced by Arctic governments and the people of the Arctic; to protect the Arctic environment members - (8) Canada, Denmark (Greenland, Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, US permanent participants - (6) Aleut International Association, Arctic Athabaskan Council, Gwich'in Council International, Inuit Circumpolar Conference, Russian Association of Indigenous People of the North, Saami Council observers - (8) China, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, UK
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
established - 25 July 1994 aim - to foster constructive dialogue and consultation on political and security issues of common interest and concern members - (26) Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, China, EU, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, US, Vietnam
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)