Part 491

1 China $ 1,955,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 2 Japan $ 1,011,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 3 Russia $ 427,100,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 4 Taiwan $ 296,400,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 5 India $ 254,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 6 Korea, South $ 201,200,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 7 Brazil $ 193,800,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 8 Hong Kong $ 182,500,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 9 Singapore $ 174,200,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 10 Algeria $ 143,500,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 11 Germany $ 138,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 12 Thailand $ 111,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 13 Italy $ 105,300,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 14 France $ 102,900,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 15 Iran $ 96,560,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 16 Mexico $ 95,300,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 17 Libya $ 92,510,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 18 Malaysia $ 91,210,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 19 United States $ 77,650,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 20 Switzerland $ 74,070,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 21 Turkey $ 73,660,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 22 Poland $ 62,180,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 23 Nigeria $ 53,000,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 24 United Kingdom $ 52,980,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 25 Indonesia $ 51,640,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 26 Norway $ 50,950,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 27 Iraq $ 49,800,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 28 Argentina $ 46,370,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 29 Canada $ 43,870,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 30 Israel $ 42,510,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 31 Denmark $ 42,320,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 32 Venezuela $ 42,300,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 33 Romania $ 39,470,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 34 Philippines $ 37,550,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 35 Czech Republic $ 36,680,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 36 South Africa $ 34,070,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 37 Hungary $ 33,870,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 38 Egypt $ 33,850,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 39 Australia $ 32,920,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 40 United Arab Emirates $ 31,690,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 41 Ukraine $ 31,540,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 42 Peru $ 31,250,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 43 Saudi Arabia $ 30,590,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 44 Sweden $ 29,720,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 45 Netherlands $ 28,510,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 46 Lebanon $ 28,280,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 47 Vietnam $ 24,180,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 48 Colombia $ 23,670,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 49 Chile $ 23,080,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 50 Morocco $ 22,720,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 51 Spain $ 20,250,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 52 Kazakhstan $ 19,870,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 53 Slovakia $ 18,780,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 54 Angola $ 18,360,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 55 Bulgaria $ 17,930,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 56 Kuwait $ 17,230,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 57 Austria $ 16,700,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 58 Belgium $ 15,650,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 59 Serbia $ 14,220,000,000 2007 est. 60 Turkmenistan $ 13,880,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 61 Croatia $ 12,960,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 62 Portugal $ 11,950,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 63 Oman $ 11,580,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 64 New Zealand $ 11,150,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 65 Uzbekistan $ 10,150,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 66 Qatar $ 9,998,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 67 Trinidad and Tobago $ 9,496,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 68 Botswana $ 9,119,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 69 Jordan $ 8,918,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 70 Pakistan $ 8,903,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 71 Tunisia $ 8,853,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 72 Finland $ 8,346,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 73 Yemen $ 8,157,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 74 Bolivia $ 7,722,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 75 Slovenia $ 7,570,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 76 Syria $ 6,765,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 77 Azerbaijan $ 6,519,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 78 Lithuania $ 6,441,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 79 Uruguay $ 6,360,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 80 Bangladesh $ 5,789,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 81 Latvia $ 5,248,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 82 Ecuador $ 4,473,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 83 Guatemala $ 4,471,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 84 Equatorial Guinea $ 4,431,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 85 Cuba $ 4,047,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 86 Estonia $ 3,972,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 87 Congo, Republic of the $ 3,873,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 88 Bahrain $ 3,803,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 89 Costa Rica $ 3,799,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 90 Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 3,516,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 91 Greece $ 3,473,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 92 Burma $ 3,412,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 93 Cameroon $ 3,091,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 94 Kenya $ 2,879,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 95 Tanzania $ 2,869,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 96 Paraguay $ 2,863,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 97 Panama $ 2,693,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 98 Belarus $ 2,687,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 99 Sri Lanka $ 2,655,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 100 Cambodia $ 2,641,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 101 El Salvador $ 2,545,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 102 Iceland $ 2,500,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 103 Honduras $ 2,492,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 104 Albania $ 2,364,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 105 Uganda $ 2,301,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 106 Dominican Republic $ 2,288,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 107 Cote d'Ivoire $ 2,252,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 108 Macedonia $ 2,109,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 109 Ghana $ 2,028,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 110 Papua New Guinea $ 1,987,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 111 Gabon $ 1,925,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 112 Mauritius $ 1,785,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 113 Jamaica $ 1,767,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 114 Moldova $ 1,672,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 115 Senegal $ 1,601,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 116 Mozambique $ 1,578,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 117 Georgia $ 1,480,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 118 Armenia $ 1,407,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 119 Sudan $ 1,399,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 120 Chad $ 1,347,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 121 Namibia $ 1,293,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 122 Benin $ 1,261,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 123 Kyrgyzstan $ 1,225,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 124 Nicaragua $ 1,141,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 125 Zambia $ 1,096,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 126 Ireland $ 1,023,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 127 Cyprus $ 1,003,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 128 Lesotho $ 993,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 129 Madagascar $ 982,300,000 31 December 2008 est. 130 Burkina Faso $ 926,300,000 31 December 2008 est. 131 Ethiopia $ 870,500,000 31 December 2008 est. 132 Laos $ 803,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 133 Swaziland $ 752,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 134 Haiti $ 708,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 135 Barbados $ 620,000,000 2007 136 Rwanda $ 596,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 137 Togo $ 580,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 138 Luxembourg $ 397,800,000 31 December 2008 est. 139 Malta $ 373,400,000 31 December 2008 est. 140 Guyana $ 355,900,000 31 December 2008 est. 141 Burundi $ 266,700,000 31 December 2008 est. 142 Suriname $ 263,300,000 2006 143 Cape Verde $ 258,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 144 Tajikistan $ 195,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 145 Malawi $ 185,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 146 Belize $ 166,200,000 31 December 2008 est. 147 Gambia, The $ 140,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 148 Zimbabwe $ 96,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 149 Guinea $ 93,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 150 Samoa $ 70,150,000 FY03/04 151 Seychelles $ 64,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 152 Sao Tome and Principe $ 43,000,000 31 December 2008 est. 153 Tonga $ 40,830,000 yearend, FY04/05 154 Vanuatu $ 40,540,000 2003 155 Eritrea $ 24,000,000 31 December 2008 est.

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Rank code: 2189

Country Comparison :: Union name

Rank country Union name Date of Information

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Rank code: 2190

Country Comparison :: Political structure

Rank country Political structure Date of Information

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Rank code: 2191

Country Comparison :: Member states

Rank country Member states Date of Information

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Rank code: 2192

Country Comparison :: Preliminary statement

Rank country Preliminary statement Date of Information

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Rank code: 2193

Country Comparison :: Major infectious diseases

This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The diseases listed do not necessarily represent the total disease burden experienced by the local population. The risk to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration, type of activities, type of accommodations, time of year, and other factors. Consultation with a travel medicine physician is needed to evaluate individual risk and recommend appropriate preventive measures such as vaccines. Diseases are organized into the following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of risk. Note: The sequence of exposure categories listed in individual country entries may vary according to local conditions. food or waterborne diseases acquired through eating or drinking on the local economy: Hepatitis A - viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; spread through consumption of food or water contaminated with fecal matter, principally in areas of poor sanitation; victims exhibit fever, jaundice, and diarrhea; 15% of victims will experience prolonged symptoms over 6-9 months; vaccine available. Hepatitis E - water-borne viral disease that interferes with the functioning of the liver; most commonly spread through fecal contamination of drinking water; victims exhibit jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark colored urine. Typhoid fever - bacterial disease spread through contact with food or water contaminated by fecal matter or sewage; victims exhibit sustained high fevers; left untreated, mortality rates can reach 20%. vectorborne diseases acquired through the bite of an infected arthropod: Malaria - caused by single-cell parasitic protozoa Plasmodium; transmitted to humans via the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito; parasites multiply in the liver attacking red blood cells resulting in cycles of fever, chills, and sweats accompanied by anemia; death due to damage to vital organs and interruption of blood supply to the brain; endemic in 100, mostly tropical, countries with 90% of cases and the majority of 1.5-2.5 million estimated annual deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue fever - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments; manifests as sudden onset of fever and severe headache; occasionally produces shock and hemorrhage leading to death in 5% of cases. Yellow fever - mosquito-borne viral disease; severity ranges from influenza-like symptoms to severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever; occurs only in tropical South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases are reported; fatality rate is less than 20%. Japanese Encephalitis - mosquito-borne (Culex tritaeniorhynchus) viral disease associated with rural areas in Asia; acute encephalitis can progress to paralysis, coma, and death; fatality rates 30%. African Trypanosomiasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma; transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsucking Tsetse flies; infection leads to malaise and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous system, coma and death; endemic in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa; cattle and wild animals act as reservoir hosts for the parasites. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis - caused by the parasitic protozoa leishmania; transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies; results in skin lesions that may become chronic; endemic in 88 countries; 90% of cases occur in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru; wild and domesticated animals as well as humans can act as reservoirs of infection. Plague - bacterial disease transmitted by fleas normally associated with rats; person-to-person airborne transmission also possible; recent plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and South America associated with rural areas or small towns and villages; manifests as fever, headache, and painfully swollen lymph nodes; disease progresses rapidly and without antibiotic treatment leads to pneumonic form with a death rate in excess of 50%. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever - tick-borne viral disease; infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue; geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; sudden onset of fever, headache, and muscle aches followed by hemorrhaging in the bowels, urine, nose, and gums; mortality rate is approximately 30%. Rift Valley fever - viral disease affecting domesticated animals and humans; transmission is by mosquito and other biting insects; infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood; geographic distribution includes eastern and southern Africa where cattle and sheep are raised; symptoms are generally mild with fever and some liver abnormalities, but the disease may progress to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease; fatality rates are low at about 1% of cases. Chikungunya - mosquito-borne (Aedes aegypti) viral disease associated with urban environments, similar to Dengue Fever; characterized by sudden onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain usually lasting 3-7 days, some cases result in persistent arthritis. water contact diseases acquired through swimming or wading in freshwater lakes, streams, and rivers: Leptospirosis - bacterial disease that affects animals and humans; infection occurs through contact with water, food, or soil contaminated by animal urine; symptoms include high fever, severe headache, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhea; untreated, the disease can result in kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis, or respiratory distress; fatality rates are low but left untreated recovery can take months. Schistosomiasis - caused by parasitic trematode flatworm Schistosoma; fresh water snails act as intermediate host and release larval form of parasite that penetrates the skin of people exposed to contaminated water; worms mature and reproduce in the blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and intestines releasing eggs, which become trapped in tissues triggering an immune response; may manifest as either urinary or intestinal disease resulting in decreased work or learning capacity; mortality, while generally low, may occur in advanced cases usually due to bladder cancer; endemic in 74 developing countries with 80% of infected people living in sub-Saharan Africa; humans act as the reservoir for this parasite. aerosolized dust or soil contact disease acquired through inhalation of aerosols contaminated with rodent urine: Lassa fever - viral disease carried by rats of the genus Mastomys; endemic in portions of West Africa; infection occurs through direct contact with or consumption of food contaminated by rodent urine or fecal matter containing virus particles; fatality rate can reach 50% in epidemic outbreaks. respiratory disease acquired through close contact with an infectious person: Meningococcal meningitis - bacterial disease causing an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; one of the most important bacterial pathogens is Neisseria meningitidis because of its potential to cause epidemics; symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and vomiting; bacteria are transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets and facilitated by close and prolonged contact resulting from crowded living conditions, often with a seasonal distribution; death occurs in 5-15% of cases, typically within 24-48 hours of onset of symptoms; highest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in the hyperendemic region of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "Meningitis Belt" which stretches from Senegal east to Ethiopia. animal contact disease acquired through direct contact with local animals: Rabies - viral disease of mammals usually transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, most commonly dogs; virus affects the central nervous system causing brain alteration and death; symptoms initially are non-specific fever and headache progressing to neurological symptoms; death occurs within days of the onset of symptoms.

Rank country Major infectious diseases Date of Information

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Rank code: 2194

Country Comparison :: Refugees and internally displaced persons