Part 385

Panama current situation: Panama is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are Panamanian women and children trafficked within the country into the sex trade; rural children in Panama may be trafficked internally to urban areas for labor exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Panama is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly with respect to prosecuting, convicting, and sentencing human traffickers for their crimes, and for failing to provide adequate victim assistance (2008)

Papua New Guinea current situation: Papua New Guinea is a country of destination for women and children from Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and China trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; internal trafficking of women and children for the purposes of sexual exploitation and involuntary domestic servitude occurs as well tier rating: Tier 3 - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the current legal framework does not contain elements of crimes that characterize trafficking; the government lacks victim protection services or a systematic procedure to identify victims of trafficking; the government did not prosecute anyone in 2007 for trafficking; Papua New Guinea has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Qatar current situation: Qatar is a destination country for men and women from South and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are subsequently trafficked into involuntary servitude as domestic workers and laborers, and, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual exploitation; the most common offense was forcing workers to accept worse contract terms than those under which they were recruited; other conditions include bonded labor, withholding of pay, restrictions on movement, arbitrary detention, and physical, mental, and sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 3 - Qatar failed, for the second consecutive year, to enforce criminal laws against traffickers, or to provide an effective mechanism to identify and protect victims; it continues to detain and deport victims rather than providing them protection; the government made little progress to increase prosecutions for trafficking in a meaningful way in 2007; workers complaining of working conditions or non-payment of wages were sometimes penalized (2008)

Russia current situation: Russia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for various purposes; it remains a significant source of women trafficked to over 50 countries for commercial sexual exploitation; Russia is also a transit and destination country for men and women trafficked from Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Korea to Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; internal trafficking remains a problem in Russia with women trafficked from rural areas to urban centers for commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked internally and from Central Asia for forced labor in the construction and agricultural industries; debt bondage is common among trafficking victims, and child sex tourism remains a concern tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Russia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fifth consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking over the previous year, particularly in providing assistance to victims of trafficking; comprehensive trafficking victim assistance legislation, which would address key deficiencies, has been pending before the Duma since 2003 and was neither passed nor enacted in 2007 (2008)

Saudi Arabia current situation: Saudi Arabia is a destination country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are subjected to conditions that constitute involuntary servitude including being subjected to physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages, confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their movement; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable because some are confined to the house in which they work unable to seek help; Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni, Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to lack adequate anti-trafficking laws and, despite evidence of widespread trafficking abuses, did not report any criminal prosecutions, convictions, or prison sentences for trafficking crimes committed against foreign domestic workers (2008)

South Africa current situation: South Africa is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked internally - and occasionally to European and Asian countries - for sexual exploitation; women from other African countries are trafficked to South Africa and, less frequently, onward to Europe for sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked from neighboring countries for forced agricultural labor; Asian and Eastern European women are trafficked to South Africa for debt-bonded sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - South Africa is on the Tier 2 Watch List for a fourth consecutive year for its failure to show increasing efforts to address trafficking; the government provided inadequate data in 2007 on trafficking crimes investigated or prosecuted, or on resulting convictions or sentences; it also did not provide information on its efforts to protect victims of trafficking; the country continues to deport and/or prosecute suspected foreign victims without providing appropriate protective services (2008)

Sri Lanka current situation: Sri Lanka is a source and destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; Sri Lankan men and women migrate willingly to the Persian Gulf, Middle East, and East Asia to work as construction workers, domestic servants, or garment factory workers, where some find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude when faced with restrictions on movement, withholding of passports, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and debt bondage; children are trafficked internally for commercial sexual exploitation and, less frequently, for forced labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, Sri Lanka is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, particularly in the area of law enforcement; the government failed to arrest, prosecute, or convict any person for trafficking offenses and continued to punish some victims of trafficking for crimes committed as a result of being trafficked; Sri Lanka has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Sudan current situation: Sudan is a source country for men, women, and children trafficked internally for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; Sudan is also a transit and destination country for Ethiopian women trafficked abroad for domestic servitude; Sudanese women and girls are trafficked within the country, as well as possibly to Middle Eastern countries for domestic servitude; the terrorist rebel organization, Lord's Resistance Army, continues to harbor small numbers of Sudanese and Ugandan children in the southern part of the country for use as cooks, porters, and combatants; some of these children are also trafficked across borders into Uganda or the Democratic Republic of the Congo; militia groups in Darfur, some of which are linked to the government, abduct women for short periods of forced labor and to perpetrate sexual violence; during the two decades-long north-south civil war, thousands of Dinka women and children were abducted and subsequently enslaved by members of the Missiriya and Rezeigat tribes; while there have been no known new abductions of Dinka by members of Baggara tribes in the last few years, inter-tribal abductions continue in southern Sudan tier rating: Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; combating human trafficking through law enforcement or prevention measures was not a priority for the government in 2007 (2008)

Syria current situation: Syria is a destination and transit country for women and children trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; a significant number of women and children in the large and expanding Iraqi refugee community in Syria are reportedly forced into commercial sexual exploitation by Iraqi gangs or, in some cases, their families; women from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone are recruited for work in Syria as domestic servants, but some face conditions of involuntary servitude, including long hours, non-payment of wages, withholding of passports, restrictions on movement, threats, and physical or sexual abuse tier rating: Tier 3 - Syria again failed to report any law enforcement efforts to punish trafficking offenses in 2007; in addition, the government did not offer protection services to victims of trafficking and may have arrested, prosecuted, or deported some victims for prostitution or immigration violations; Syria has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Tajikistan current situation: Tajikistan is a source country for women trafficked through Kyrgyzstan and Russia to the UAE, Turkey, and Russia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are trafficked to Russia and Kazakhstan for the purpose of forced labor, primarily in the construction and agricultural industries; boys and girls are trafficked internally for various purposes, including forced labor and forced begging tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Tajikistan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, especially efforts to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence traffickers; despite evidence of low- and mid-level officials' complicity in trafficking, the government did not punish any public officials for trafficking complicity during 2007; lack of capacity and poor coordination between government institutions remained key obstacles to effective anti-trafficking efforts (2008)

Uzbekistan current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for women and girls trafficked to Kazakhstan, Russia, Middle East, and Asia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are trafficked to Kazakhstan and Russia for purposes of forced labor in the construction, cotton, and tobacco industries; men and women are also trafficked internally for the purposes of domestic servitude, forced labor in the agricultural and construction industries, and for commercial sexual exploitation tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Uzbekistan is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in 2007; the government did not amend its criminal code to increase penalties for convicted traffickers; in March 2008, Uzbekistan adopted ILO Conventions on minimum age of employment and on the elimination of the worst forms of child labor and is working with the ILO on implementation; the government also demonstrated its increasing commitment to combat trafficking in March 2008 by adopting a comprehensive anti-trafficking law; Uzbekistan has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Venezuela current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and tourist areas; child prostitution in urban areas and child sex tourism in resort destinations appear to be growing; Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to Western Europe, Mexico, and Caribbean destinations tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List, up from Tier 3, as it showed greater resolve to address trafficking through law enforcement measures and prevention efforts in 2007, although stringent punishment of offenders and victim assistance remain lacking (2008)

World current situation: approximately 800,000 people, mostly women and children, are trafficked annually across national borders, not including millions trafficked within their own countries; at least 80% of the victims are female and up to 50% are minors; 75% of all victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation; almost two-thirds of the global victims are trafficked intra-regionally within East Asia and the Pacific (260,000 to 280,000 people) and Europe and Eurasia (170,000 to 210,000 people) Tier 2 Watch List: Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Gambia, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Jordan, Libya, Malaysia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Republic of the Congo, Russia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe Tier 3: Algeria, Burma, Cuba, Fiji, Iran, Kuwait, Moldova, North Korea, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria (2008)

Zambia current situation: Zambia is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; many Zambian child laborers, particularly those in the agriculture, domestic service, and fishing sectors, are also victims of human trafficking; Zambian women, lured by false employment or marriage offers abroad, are trafficked to South Africa via Zimbabwe and to Europe via Malawi for sexual exploitation; Zambia is a transit point for regional trafficking of women and children, particularly from Angola to Namibia and from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to South Africa for agricultural labor tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zambia is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking, particularly in regard to its inability to bring alleged traffickers to justice through prosecutions and convictions; unlike 2006, there were no new prosecutions or convictions of alleged traffickers in 2007; government efforts to protect victims of trafficking remained extremely limited throughout the year (2008)

Zimbabwe current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased; rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm work, often laboring for months in South Africa without pay before "employers" have them arrested and deported as illegal immigrants; young women and girls are lured abroad with false employment offers that result in involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual exploitation; men, women, and children from neighboring states are trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Zimbabwe is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking, and because the absolute number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is significantly increasing; the trafficking situation in the country is worsening as more of the population is made vulnerable by declining socio-economic conditions (2008)

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Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. Country Comparison to the World Country

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

Algeria $13.76 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $11.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Angola $16.36 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $14.51 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Argentina $73.98 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $66 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Australia $366.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $337.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Austria $261.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $247.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Azerbaijan $7.844 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $7.829 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bahrain $15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bangladesh $5.971 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.261 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Belgium $821 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $747.5 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bermuda $15.01 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Bolivia $5.998 billion (31 December 2008)

Brazil $294 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $248.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Bulgaria $42.91 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $33.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Canada $433.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $506.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cayman Islands $NA

Chad $4.5 billion (2006 est.)

Chile $108.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $91.49 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

China $758.9 billion (2007 est.)

Colombia $67.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $56.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Costa Rica $18.96 billion (31 December 2008) $8.803 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $NA

Croatia $27.17 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $23.17 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Cuba $11.24 billion (2006 est.)

Cyprus $15.69 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $13.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $111.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Denmark $142.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $131.3 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Dominican Republic $15.59 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $12.71 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ecuador $16.99 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.31 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Egypt $59.13 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $49.23 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

El Salvador $6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $5.918 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Estonia $18.62 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $16.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Fiji $6.702 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Finland $84.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $88.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

France $1.147 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.026 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Germany $1.027 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.002 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ghana $NA

Greece $36.7 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $53.22 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $1.241 trillion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.178 trillion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hungary $237.1 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $164.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iceland $NA

India $144.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $103.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Indonesia $67.3 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.96 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iran $6.954 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $6.054 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland

$179 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Israel $56.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $55.7 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Italy $376.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $364.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $135.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $110.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Jordan $16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $14.55 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $55.63 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $41.08 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kenya $2.541 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $1.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Korea, South $124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $122 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kuwait $1.22 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $942 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $16.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Latvia $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $9.779 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lebanon $NA

Liberia $124.2 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Libya $11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $8.775 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lithuania $12.85 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $15.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Luxembourg $11.21 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Macau $7.9 billion (2007) $6.5 billion (2006)

Macedonia $2.405 billion (2007 est.)

Madagascar $NA

Malawi $11.23 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Malaysia $83.35 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $76.75 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Malta $NA

Mauritius $NA

Mexico $289.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $267.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Moldova $1.813 billion (2008)

Mongolia $NA

Morocco

$40.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Namibia $NA

Nepal $NA

Netherlands $644.6 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $724.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $NA

New Zealand $72.92 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $70.94 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nigeria $68.84 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $58.84 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Norway $91.49 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $93.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Oman $NA

Pakistan $25.44 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $20.01 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Panama $NA

Papua New Guinea $NA

Paraguay $2.057 million (2007)

Peru $30.31 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $24.74 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Philippines $21.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $19.88 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $161.4 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $176.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Portugal $117.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $114.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Qatar $3.627 billion (2008 est.) $2.601 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $72.61 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $62.86 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Russia $491.2 billion (2007) $271.6 billion (2006)

Saudi Arabia $108.5 billion (31 December 2008 est.) $92 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Serbia $11.95 billion (2006 est.)