Part 362
Macedonia parliamentary democracy
Madagascar republic
Malawi multiparty democracy
Malaysia constitutional monarchy note: nominally headed by paramount ruler (commonly referred to as the King) and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)
Maldives republic
Mali republic
Malta republic
Marshall Islands constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004
Mauritania military junta
Mauritius parliamentary democracy
Mayotte NA
Mexico federal republic
Micronesia, Federated States of constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004
Moldova republic
Monaco constitutional monarchy
Mongolia parliamentary
Montenegro republic
Montserrat NA
Morocco constitutional monarchy
Mozambique republic
Namibia republic
Nauru republic
Nepal federal democratic republic
Netherlands constitutional monarchy
Netherlands Antilles parliamentary
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Nicaragua republic
Niger republic
Nigeria federal republic
Niue self-governing parliamentary democracy
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
Norway constitutional monarchy
Oman monarchy
Pakistan federal republic
Palau constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994
Panama constitutional democracy
Papua New Guinea constitutional parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Paraguay constitutional republic
Peru constitutional republic
Philippines republic
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland republic
Portugal republic; parliamentary democracy
Puerto Rico commonwealth
Qatar emirate
Romania republic
Russia federation
Rwanda republic; presidential, multiparty system
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Saint Lucia parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Samoa parliamentary democracy
San Marino republic
Sao Tome and Principe republic
Saudi Arabia monarchy
Senegal republic
Serbia republic
Seychelles republic
Sierra Leone constitutional democracy
Singapore parliamentary republic
Slovakia parliamentary democracy
Slovenia parliamentary republic
Solomon Islands parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Somalia no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government
South Africa republic
Spain parliamentary monarchy
Sri Lanka republic
Sudan Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national elections in 2009
Suriname constitutional democracy
Svalbard NA
Swaziland monarchy
Sweden constitutional monarchy
Switzerland formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic
Syria republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime
Taiwan multiparty democracy
Tajikistan republic
Tanzania republic
Thailand constitutional monarchy
Timor-Leste republic
Togo republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Tokelau NA
Tonga constitutional monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago parliamentary democracy
Tunisia republic
Turkey republican parliamentary democracy
Turkmenistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu a parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Uganda republic
Ukraine republic
United Arab Emirates federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
United Kingdom constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm
United States Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
Uruguay constitutional republic
Uzbekistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Vanuatu parliamentary republic
Venezuela federal republic
Vietnam Communist state
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
Western Sahara legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976 when Spain withdrew, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara or MINURSO
Yemen republic
Zambia republic
Zimbabwe parliamentary democracy
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@2129
Field Listing :: Unemployment rate
This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted. Country Comparison to the World Country
Unemployment rate(%)
Afghanistan 40% (2008 est.) 40% (2005 est.)
Albania 12.5% (2008 est.) 13.2% (2007 est.) note: these are official rates, but actual rates may exceed 30% due to preponderance of near-subsistence farming
Algeria 12.8% (2008 est.) 11.8% (2007 est.)
American Samoa 29.8% (2005)
Andorra 0% (2007) 0% (2006)
Angola NA
Anguilla 8% (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 11% (2001 est.)
Argentina 7.9% (2008 est.) 8.5% (2007 est.)
Armenia 7.1% (2007 est.)
Aruba 6.9% (2005 est.)
Australia 4.2% (2008 est.) 4.4% (2007 est.)
Austria 3.9% (2008 est.) 4.4% (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan 0.9% (2008 est.) 1% (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The 7.6% (2006 est.)
Bahrain 15% (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 2.5% (2008 est.) 2.5% (2007 est.)
Barbados 10.7% (2003 est.)
Belarus 1.6% (2005) note: officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers
Belgium 7% (2008 est.) 7.5% (2007 est.)
Belize 8.1% (2008) 9.4% (2006)
Benin NA%
Bermuda 2.1% (2004 est.)
Bhutan 2.5% (2004)
Bolivia 7.5% (2008 est.) 7.5% (2007 est.) note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment
Bosnia and Herzegovina 29% (2007 est.) 45.5% (31 December 2004 est.) note: official rate; gray economy may reduce actual unemployment to 25-30%
Botswana 7.5% (2007 est.)
Brazil 7.9% (2008 est.) 9.3% (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands 3.6% (1997)
Brunei 3.7% (2008) 4% (2006)
Bulgaria 6.3% (2008 est.) 7.7% (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso 77% (2004)
Burma 5% (2008 est.) 5.2% (2007 est.)
Burundi NA%
Cambodia 3.5% (2007 est.) 2.5% (2000 est.)
Cameroon 30% (2001 est.)
Canada 6.2% (2008 est.) 6% (2007 est.)
Cape Verde 21% (2000 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.4% (2004)
Central African Republic 8% (2001 est.) note: 23% unemployment for Bangui
Chad NA%
Chile 7.8% (2008 est.) 7% (2007 est.)
China 4% (2008 est.) 4% (2007 est.) note: official data for urban areas only; including migrants may boost total unemployment to 9%; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 60% (2000 est.)
Colombia 11.3% (2008 est.) 11.2% (2007 est.)
Comoros 20% (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA%
Congo, Republic of the NA%
Cook Islands 13.1% (2005)
Costa Rica 4.9% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
note: unemployment may have climbed to 40-50% as a result of the civil war
Croatia 13.7% (2008 est.) 11.8% (2007 est.)
Cuba 1.6% (2008 est.) 1.8% (2007 est.)
Cyprus 3.6% (2008 est.) 3.9% (2007 est.)
Czech Republic 5.4% (2008 est.) 6.6% (2007 est.)
Denmark 1.8% (2008 est.) 2.8% (2007 est.)
Djibouti 59% (2007 est.) note: data are for urban areas, 83% in rural areas
Dominica 23% (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic 14.1% (2008 est.) 15.6% (2007 est.)
Ecuador 7.3% (2008 est.) 8.8% (2007 est.)
Egypt 8.7% (2008 est.) 9.1% (2007 est.)
El Salvador 6.9% (2008 est.) 6.2% (2007 est.) note: data are official rates; but the economy has much underemployment
Equatorial Guinea 30% (1998 est.)
Eritrea NA%
Estonia 5.7% (2008 est.) 4.7% (2007 est.)
Ethiopia NA%
European Union 7.2% (2008 est.) 8.5% (2006 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Faroe Islands 1.4% (2007) 2.1% (2006)
Fiji 7.6% (1999)
Finland 6.4% (2008 est.) 6.9% (2007 est.)
France 7.4% (2008 est.) 7.9% (2007 est.)
French Polynesia 11.7% (2005)
Gabon 21% (2006 est.)
Gambia, The NA%
Gaza Strip 41.3% (June 2008) 34.8% (2006)
Georgia 13.6% (2006 est.)
Germany 7.8% (2008 est.) 9% (2007 est.) note: this is the International Labor Organization's estimated rate for international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Office estimated a seasonally adjusted rate of 10.8%
Ghana 11% (2000 est.)
Gibraltar 3% (2005 est.)
Greece 7.7% (2008 est.) 8.3% (2007 est.)
Greenland 9.3% (2005 est.)
Grenada 12.5% (2000)
Guam 11.4% (2002 est.)
Guatemala 3.2% (2005 est.)
Guernsey 0.9% (March 2006 est.)
Guinea NA%
Guinea-Bissau NA%
Guyana 11% (2007)
Haiti NA% note: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs
Honduras 3.5% (2008 est.) note: high level of underemployment with up to a third of the labor force seeking more work.
Hong Kong 3.5% (2008 est.) 4% (2007 est.)
Hungary 7.8% (2008 est.) 7.3% (2007 est.)
Iceland 1.6% (2008 est.) 1% (2007 est.) note: this figure climbed to 9.4% as of February 2009
India 9.1% (2008 est.) 7.2% (2007 est.)
Indonesia 8.4% (2008 est.) 9.1% (2007 est.)
Iran 12.5% (2008 est.) 12% (2007 est.) note: data are according to the Iranian Government
Iraq 18.2% (2008 est.) 18% (2006 est.) note: official data; unofficial estimates as high as 30%
Ireland 6.3% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)
Isle of Man 1.5% (December 2006 est.)
Israel 6.1% (2008 est.) 7.3% (2007 est.)
Italy 6.8% (2008 est.) 6.2% (2007 est.)
Jamaica 11% (2008 est.) 9.9% (2007 est.)
Japan 4% (2008 est.) 3.8% (2007 est.)
Jersey 2.2% (2006 est.)
Jordan 12.6% (2008 est.) 13.5% (2007 est.) note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%
Kazakhstan 6.6% (2008 est.) 7.3% (2007 est.)
Kenya 40% (2008 est.) 40% (2001 est.)
Kiribati 2% (1992 est.)
Korea, North NA%
Korea, South 3.2% (2008 est.) 3.3% (2007 est.)
Kosovo 40% (2007 est.)
Kuwait 2.2% (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 18% (2004 est.)
Laos 2.4% (2005 est.)
Latvia 7.5% (2008 est.) 5.7% (2007 est.)
Lebanon 9.2% (2007 est.)
Lesotho 45% (2002)
Liberia 85% (2003 est.)
Libya 30% (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein 1.5% (31 December 2007) 1.3% (September 2002)
Lithuania 5.8% (2008 est.) 3.5% (2007 est.) note: based on survey data, official registered unemployment of 5.7%
Luxembourg 4.4% (2008 est.) 4.4% (2007 est.)
Macau 3% (2008) 3.1% (2006)
Macedonia 33.8% (2008 est.) 34.9% (2007 est.)
Malawi NA%
Malaysia 3.3% (2008 est.) 3.2% (2007 est.)
Maldives 14.4% (2006 est.)
Mali 30% (2004 est.)
Malta 6% (2008 est.)
Marshall Islands 36% (2006 est.) 30.9% (2000 est.)
Mauritania 30% (2008 est.) 20% (2004 est.)
Mauritius 7.2% (2008 est.) 8.8% (2007 est.)
Mayotte 25.4% (2005)
Mexico 4% (2008 est.) 3.7% (2007 est.) note: underemployment is perhaps 25%
Micronesia, Federated States of 22% (2000 est.)
Moldova 1.5% (2008 est.)
Monaco 0% (2005)
Mongolia 2.8% (2008) 3% (2007)
Montenegro 14.7% (2007 est.)
Montserrat 6% (1998 est.)
Morocco 9.5% (2008 est.) 9.8% (2007 est.)
Mozambique 21% (1997 est.)
Namibia 5% (2008 est.)
Nauru 90% (2004 est.)
Nepal 46% (2008 est.) 42% (2004 est.)
Netherlands 4% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 15.5% (2002 est.)
New Caledonia 17.1% (2004)
New Zealand 4.2% (2008 est.) 3.6% (2007 est.)
Nicaragua 5.6% (2008 est.) 4.9% (2007 est.) note: underemployment was 46.5% in 2008
Niger NA%
Nigeria 4.9% (2007 est.)
Niue 12% (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands 8% (2005 est.) 3.9% (2001)
Norway 2.6% (2008 est.) 2.5% (2007 est.)
Oman 15% (2004 est.)
Pakistan 13.6% (2008 est.) 5.6% (2007 est.) note: substantial underemployment exists
Palau 4.2% (2005 est.)
Panama 5.6% (2008 est.) 6.4% (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea 1.9% (2004)
Paraguay 5.4% (2008 est.) 5.6% (2007 est.)
Peru 8.1% (2008 est.) 6.9% (2007 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
Philippines 7.4% (2008 est.) 7.3% (2007 est.)
Poland 9.8% (2008 est.) 12.8% (2007 est.)
Portugal 7.6% (2008 est.) 8% (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico 12% (2002)
Qatar 0.4% (2008 est.) 0.7% (2007 est.)
Romania 4.4% (2008 est.) 4.1% (2007 est.)
Russia 6.4% (2008 est.) 6.2% (2007 est.)
Rwanda NA%
Saint Helena 14% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.5% (1997)
Saint Lucia 20% (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 10.3% (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15% (2001 est.)
Samoa NA%
San Marino 3.1% (2008)
Sao Tome and Principe NA%
Saudi Arabia 11.8% (2008 est.) 13% (2004 est.) note: data are for Saudi males only (local bank estimates; some estimates range as high as 25%)
Senegal 48% (2007 est.)
Serbia 18.8% (2007 est.)
Seychelles 2% (2006 est.)
Sierra Leone NA%
Singapore 2.2% (2008 est.) 2.1% (2007 est.)
Slovakia 7.7% (2008 est.) 8.4% (2007 est.)
Slovenia 6.7% (2008 est.) 7.7% (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands NA%
Somalia NA%
South Africa 22.9% (2008 est.) 24.3% (2007 est.)
Spain 11.3% (2008 est.) 8.3% (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka 5.2% (2008 est.) 6% (2007 est.)
Sudan 18.7% (2002 est.)
Suriname 9.5% (2004)
Swaziland 40% (2006 est.)
Sweden 6.2% (2008 est.) 6.1% (2007 est.)
Switzerland 2.6% (2008 est.) 2.8% (2007 est.)
Syria 8.6% (2008 est.) 9% (2007 est.)
Taiwan 4.1% (2008 est.) 3.9% (2007 est.)
Tajikistan 2.3% (2008 est.) 2.4% (2007 est.) note: official rates; actual unemployment is higher
Tanzania NA%
Thailand 1.4% (2008 est.) 1.4% (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste 20% (2006 est.) note: data are for rural areas, unemployment rises to more than 40% among urban youth
Togo NA%
Tokelau NA%
Tonga 13% (FY03/04 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 4.6% (2008 est.) 4.5% (2007 est.)
Tunisia 14.1% (2008 est.) 14.1% (2007 est.)
Turkey 11% (2008 est.) 9.9% (2007 est.) note: underemployment amounted to 4% in 2008
Turkmenistan 60% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 10% (1997 est.)
Tuvalu NA%
Uganda NA%
Ukraine 3% (2008 est.) 2.3% (2007 est.) note: officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers
United Arab Emirates 2.4% (2001)
United Kingdom 5.6% (2008 est.) 5.3% (2007 est.)
United States 5.8% (2008 est.) 4.6% (2007 est.)
Uruguay 7.6% (2008 est.) 9.2% (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan 1% (2008 est.) 0.8% (2007 est.) note: officially measured by the Ministry of Labor, plus another 20% underemployed
Vanuatu 1.7% (1999)
Venezuela 7.4% (2008 est.) 8.5% (2007 est.)
Vietnam 4.7% (2008 est.) 4.3% (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands 6.2% (2004)
Wallis and Futuna 15.2% (2003)
West Bank 16.3% (2008 est.) 18.6% (2006)
Western Sahara NA%
World 30% (2007 est.) note: combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment
Yemen 35% (2003 est.)
Zambia 50% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe 80% (2005 est.)
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@2137
Field Listing :: Military - note
This entry includes miscellaneous military information of significance not included elsewhere. Country
Military - note
Akrotiri Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British Forces Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit
American Samoa defense is the responsibility of the US
Andorra defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Anguilla defense is the responsibility of the UK
Antarctica the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes
Argentina the Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2008)
Aruba defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Barbados the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is to defend the island against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2007)
Bermuda defense is the responsibility of the UK
Bouvet Island defense is the responsibility of Norway
British Indian Ocean Territory defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
British Virgin Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Cayman Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Christmas Island defense is the responsibility of Australia
Clipperton Island defense is the responsibility of France
Cocos (Keeling) Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; the territory has a five-person police force
Cook Islands defense is the responsibility of New Zealand in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
Coral Sea Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia
Cuba the collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the Cuban Army of its major economic and logistic support and had a significant impact on equipment numbers and serviceability; the army remains well trained and professional in nature; while the lack of replacement parts for its existing equipment and the current severe shortage of fuel have increasingly affected operational capabilities, Cuba remains able to offer considerable resistance to any regional power (2008)
Dhekelia includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway
European Union the five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and assumed command of the ISAF in Afghanistan in August 2004; Eurocorps directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina; in November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally committed to creating 13 1,500-man battle groups by the end of 2007, to respond to international crises on a rotating basis; 22 of the EU's 27 nations have agreed to supply troops; France, Italy, and the UK formed the first of three battle groups in 2005; Norway, Sweden, Estonia, and Finland established the Nordic Battle Group effective 1 January 2008; nine other groups are to be formed; a rapid-reaction naval EU Maritime Task Group was stood up in March 2007 (2007)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) defense is the responsibility of the UK
Faroe Islands defense is the responsibility of Denmark
French Polynesia defense is the responsibility of France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands defense is the responsibility of France
Georgia a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia
Gibraltar defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces in 1992
Greenland defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Guam defense is the responsibility of the US
Guernsey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Heard Island and McDonald Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
Holy See (Vatican City) defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard
Hong Kong defense is the responsibility of China
Iceland Iceland has no standing military force; under a 1951 bilateral agreement - still valid - its defense was provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik; however, all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn as of October 2006; although wartime defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment, in April 2007, Iceland and Norway signed a bilateral agreement providing for Norwegian aerial surveillance and defense of Icelandic airspace (2008)
Isle of Man defense is the responsibility of the UK
Jan Mayen defense is the responsibility of Norway
Jersey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Kiribati Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ