Part 292
Thailand a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government crackdowns
Timor-Leste NA
Togo transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Trinidad and Tobago transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Turkey key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls
Turkmenistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Turks and Caicos Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Ukraine limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF
United Arab Emirates the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
United Kingdom producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center
United States world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center
Uruguay small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws; weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption of cocaine base and synthetic drugs
Uzbekistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Venezuela small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border
Vietnam minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding crackdowns
World cocaine: worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2007 amounted to 232,500 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure cocaine production decreased 7% to 865 metric tons in 2007; Colombia conducts an aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing areas; 551 metric tons of export-quality cocaine (85% pure) is documented to have been seized or destroyed in 2005; US consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been in excess of 380 metric tons opiates: worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation continued to increase in 2007, with a potential opium production of 8,400 metric tons, reaching the highest levels recorded since estimates began in mid-1980s; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting for 95% of the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 9% of global opium - saw marginal increases in production; Latin America produced 1% of global opium, but most was refined into heroin destined for the US market; if all potential opium was processed into pure heroin, the potential global production would be 1,000 metric tons of heroin in 2007
Zambia transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis
Zimbabwe transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines en route to South Africa
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@2087
Field Listing :: Imports
This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Country Comparison to the World Country
Imports
Afghanistan $4.85 billion (2007) $3.823 billion (2006)
Albania $4.898 billion (2008 est.) $3.999 billion (2007 est.)
Algeria $39.16 billion (2008 est.) $26.4 billion (2007 est.)
American Samoa $308.8 million (FY04 est.)
Andorra $1.789 billion (2007) $1.879 billion (2005)
Angola $17.08 billion (2008 est.) $13.66 billion (2007 est.)
Anguilla $143 million (2006)
Antigua and Barbuda $522.8 million (2007 est.)
Argentina $54.56 billion (2008 est.) $42.53 billion (2007 est.)
Armenia $3.763 billion (2008 est.) $2.797 billion (2007 est.)
Aruba $1.054 billion (2006)
Australia $194.2 billion (2008 est.) $160.2 billion (2007 est.)
Austria $179.2 billion (2008 est.) $160.3 billion (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan $7.575 billion (2008 est.) $6.045 billion (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The $2.401 billion (2006)
Bahrain $14.25 billion (2008 est.) $10.93 billion (2007 est.)
Bangladesh $21.51 billion (2008 est.) $16.67 billion (2007 est.)
Barbados $1.586 billion (2006)
Belarus $39.16 billion (2008 est.) $28.4 billion (2007 est.)
Belgium $387.7 billion (2008 est.) $320.9 billion (2007 est.)
Belize $788.1 million (2008 est.) $642 million (2007 est.)
Benin $1.843 billion (2008 est.) $1.194 billion (2007 est.)
Bermuda $1.162 billion (2006)
Bhutan $320 million (2006)
Bolivia $4.641 billion (2008 est.) $3.24 billion (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $12.29 billion (2008 est.) $9.947 billion (2007 est.)
Botswana $4.486 billion (2008 est.) $3.447 billion (2007 est.)
Brazil $173.1 billion (2008 est.) $120.6 billion (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands $187 million f.o.b.
Brunei $2.055 billion (2007 est.) $2 billion (2006 est.)
Bulgaria $35.64 billion (2008 est.) $28.65 billion (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso $1.343 billion (2008 est.) $1.221 billion (2007 est.)
Burma $3.388 billion (2008 est.) $2.964 billion (2007 est.) note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India
Burundi $350 million (2008 est.) $257.6 million (2007 est.)
Cambodia $6.534 billion (2008 est.) $5.424 billion (2007 est.)
Cameroon $4.303 billion (2008 est.) $4.05 billion (2007 est.)
Canada $415.2 billion (2008 est.) $386.6 billion (2007 est.)
Cape Verde $864 million (2008 est.) $743.6 million (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands $866.9 million (2004)
Central African Republic $237.3 million (2007 est.)
Chad $1.927 billion (2008 est.) $1.541 billion (2007 est.)
Chile $57.61 billion (2008 est.) $44.03 billion (2007 est.)
China $1.074 trillion (2008 est.) $904.6 billion (2007 est.)
Christmas Island $NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA
Colombia $37.56 billion (2008 est.) $31.17 billion (2007 est.)
Comoros $143 million (2006)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $5.2 billion (2007) $2.263 billion (2006)
Congo, Republic of the $3.105 billion (2008 est.) $2.858 billion (2007 est.)
Cook Islands $81.04 million (2005)
Costa Rica $14.55 billion (2008 est.) $12.29 billion (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire $6.76 billion (2008 est.) $5.932 billion (2007 est.)
Croatia $30.42 billion (2008 est.) $25.56 billion (2007 est.)
Cuba $14.25 billion (2008 est.) $10.08 billion (2007 est.)
Cyprus $10.54 billion (2008 est.) $7.957 billion (2007 est.)
Czech Republic $139.4 billion (2008 est.) $116.8 billion (2007 est.)
Denmark $116.4 billion (2008 est.) $100.8 billion (2007 est.)
Djibouti $1.555 billion (2006)
Dominica $296 million (2006)
Dominican Republic $16.1 billion (2008 est.) $13.6 billion (2007 est.)
Ecuador $17.79 billion (2008 est.) $13.05 billion (2007 est.)
Egypt $56.62 billion (2008 est.) $44.95 billion (2007 est.)
El Salvador $9.003 billion (2008 est.) $8.108 billion (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $3.114 billion (2008 est.) $2.365 billion (2007 est.)
Eritrea $601 million (2008 est.) $580 million (2007 est.)
Estonia $15.35 billion (2008 est.) $14.75 billion (2007 est.)
Ethiopia $7.206 billion (2008 est.) $5.156 billion (2007 est.)
European Union $1.69 trillion (2007) $1.466 trillion (2005) note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $90 million (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands $751 million (2006)
Fiji $3.12 billion (2006)
Finland $87.51 billion (2008 est.) $78.22 billion (2007 est.)
France $692 billion (2008 est.) $600.9 billion (2007 est.)
French Polynesia $1.706 billion (2005 est.)
Gabon $2.577 billion (2008 est.) $2.2 billion (2007 est.)
Gambia, The $299 million (2008 est.) $262.9 million (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip $2.84 billion (2006) $2.44 billion (2005)
Georgia $6.261 billion (2008 est.) $4.984 billion (2007 est.)
Germany $1.232 trillion (2008 est.) $1.079 trillion (2007 est.)
Ghana $10.26 billion (2008 est.) $8.066 billion (2007 est.)
Gibraltar $2.967 billion (2004 est.)
Greece $93.91 billion (2008 est.) $80.79 billion (2007 est.)
Greenland $712 million (2006)
Grenada $343 million (2006)
Guam $701 million (2004 est.)
Guatemala $13.42 billion (2008 est.) $12.48 billion (2007 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $1.389 billion (2008 est.) $1.218 billion (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau $200 million (2006)
Guyana $1.294 billion (2008 est.) $982.9 million (2007 est.)
Haiti $2.107 billion (2008 est.) $1.618 billion (2007 est.)
Honduras $10.39 billion (2008 est.) $8.82 billion (2007 est.)
Hong Kong $388.4 billion (2008 est.) $365.6 billion (2007 est.)
Hungary $106.5 billion (2008 est.) $93.4 billion (2007 est.)
Iceland $5.699 billion (2008 est.) $6.181 billion (2007 est.)
India $315.1 billion (2008 est.) $231.6 billion (2007 est.)
Indonesia $116 billion (2008 est.) $85.26 billion (2007 est.)
Iran $67.25 billion (2008 est.) $56.58 billion (2007 est.)
Iraq $37.22 billion (2008 est.) $25.67 billion (2007 est.)
Ireland $84.82 billion (2008 est.) $84.76 billion (2007 est.)
Isle of Man $NA
Israel $64.4 billion (2008 est.) $55.93 billion (2007 est.)
Italy $546.9 billion (2008 est.) $498.1 billion (2007 est.)
Jamaica $7.185 billion (2008 est.) $5.789 billion (2007 est.)
Japan $708.3 billion (2008 est.) $573.3 billion (2007 est.)
Jersey $NA
Jordan $14.99 billion (2008 est.) $12.02 billion (2007 est.)
Kazakhstan $38.45 billion (2008 est.) $33.26 billion (2007 est.)
Kenya $10.69 billion (2008 est.) $8.381 billion (2007 est.)
Kiribati $62 million (2004 est.)
Korea, North $3.055 billion (2007) $2.879 billion (2006)
Korea, South $427.4 billion (2008 est.) $349.6 billion (2007 est.)
Kosovo $2.6 billion f.o.b.
Kuwait $22.94 billion (2008 est.) $20.63 billion (2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan $3.754 billion (2008 est.) $2.636 billion (2007 est.)
Laos $1.384 billion (2008 est.) $1.065 billion (2007 est.)
Latvia $15.65 billion (2008 est.) $15.13 billion (2007 est.)
Lebanon $16.25 billion (2008 est.) $11.93 billion (2007 est.)
Lesotho $1.88 billion (2008 est.) $1.604 billion (2007 est.)
Liberia $7.143 billion (2006)
Libya $26.55 billion (2008 est.) $17.7 billion (2007 est.)
Liechtenstein $917.3 million
Lithuania $29.3 billion (2008 est.) $23.04 billion (2007 est.)
Luxembourg $27.73 billion (2008 est.) $23.09 billion (2007 est.)
Macau $5.4 billion (2008 est.) $4.559 billion (2006 est.)
Macedonia $6.523 billion (2008 est.) $4.976 billion (2007 est.)
Madagascar $2.419 billion (2008 est.) $1.944 billion (2007 est.)
Malawi $1.587 billion (2008 est.) $1.323 billion (2007 est.)
Malaysia $154.7 billion (2008 est.) $139.1 billion (2007 est.)
Maldives $1.276 billion (2008 est.) $930 million (2006 est.)
Mali $2.358 billion (2006)
Malta $4.792 billion (2008 est.) $4.655 billion (2007 est.)
Marshall Islands $79.4 million (2008 est.) $54.7 million (2000 est.)
Mauritania $1.475 billion (2006)
Mauritius $4.399 billion (2008 est.) $3.656 billion (2007 est.)
Mayotte $341 million (2005)
Mexico $308.6 billion (2008 est.) $281.9 billion (2007 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of $132.7 million (2004)
Moldova $4.87 billion (2008 est.) $3.676 billion (2007 est.)
Monaco $916.1 million (2005) note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France
Mongolia $3.615 billion (2008) $2.117 billion (2007)
Montenegro $601.7 million (2003)
Montserrat $17 million
Morocco $39.35 billion (2008 est.) $29.32 billion (2007 est.)
Mozambique $3.458 billion (2008 est.) $2.811 billion (2007 est.)
Namibia $3.849 billion (2008 est.) $3.102 billion (2007 est.)
Nauru $20 million (2004 est.)
Nepal $3.229 billion (2008) $2.398 billion (2006)
Netherlands $474.8 billion (2008 est.) $406.2 billion (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles $15.74 billion (2006)
New Caledonia $1.998 billion (2006)
New Zealand $32.76 billion (2008 est.) $29.05 billion (2007 est.)
Nicaragua $4.848 billion (2008 est.) $4.117 billion (2007 est.)
Niger $800 million (2006)
Nigeria $46.3 billion (2008 est.) $38.8 billion (2007 est.)
Niue $9.038 million (2004)
Norfolk Island $17.9 million c.i.f.
Northern Mariana Islands $214.4 million (2001)
Norway $85.95 billion (2008 est.) $77.03 billion (2007 est.)
Oman $20.71 billion (2008 est.) $14.34 billion (2007 est.)
Pakistan $38.19 billion (2008 est.) $28.76 billion (2007 est.)
Palau $107.3 million (2004 est.)
Panama $15 billion (2008 est.) $12.52 billion (2007 est.) note: includes the Colon Free Zone
Papua New Guinea $3.124 billion (2008 est.) $2.629 billion (2007 est.)
Paraguay $8.809 billion (2008 est.) $6.008 billion (2007 est.)
Peru $28.44 billion (2008 est.) $19.6 billion (2007 est.)
Philippines $60.78 billion (2008 est.) $57.9 billion (2007 est.)
Pitcairn Islands $NA
Poland $204.4 billion (2008 est.) $162.4 billion (2007 est.)
Portugal $87.83 billion (2008 est.) $75.98 billion (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico $29.1 billion c.i.f.
Qatar $25.11 billion (2008 est.) $19.82 billion (2007 est.)
Romania $76.17 billion (2008 est.) $64.54 billion (2007 est.)
Russia $291.9 billion (2008 est.) $223.5 billion (2007 est.)
Rwanda $834 million (2008 est.) $637 million (2007 est.)
Saint Helena $45 million (2004 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $383 million (2006)
Saint Lucia $791 million (2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon $68.2 million (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $578 million (2006)
Samoa $324 million (2006)
San Marino $3.744 billion (2007) $2.035 billion (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe $87 million (2008 est.) $65 million (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia $108.3 billion (2008 est.) $82.6 billion (2007 est.)
Senegal $4.263 billion (2008 est.) $3.732 billion (2007 est.)
Serbia $18.35 billion (2007 est.)
Seychelles $1.018 billion (2008 est.) $804 million (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone $560 million (2006)
Singapore $309.6 billion (2008 est.) $254 billion (2007 est.)
Slovakia $73.62 billion (2008 est.) $65.47 billion (2007 est.)
Slovenia $33.49 billion (2008 est.) $29.42 billion (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands $256 million (2006)
Somalia $798 million (2006)
South Africa $90.57 billion (2008 est.) $81.66 billion (2007 est.)
Spain $415.5 billion (2008 est.) $380.2 billion (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka $12.61 billion (2008 est.) $10.17 billion (2007 est.)
Sudan $8.229 billion (2008 est.) $7.722 billion (2007 est.)
Suriname $1.297 billion (2006 est.)
Svalbard $NA
Swaziland $1.855 billion (2008 est.) $1.926 billion (2007 est.)
Sweden $167.8 billion (2008 est.) $152.2 billion (2007 est.)
Switzerland $227.4 billion (2008 est.) $187.7 billion (2007 est.)
Syria $15.97 billion (2008 est.) $12.27 billion (2007 est.)
Taiwan $236.7 billion (2008 est.) $216.1 billion (2007 est.)
Tajikistan $3.699 billion (2008 est.) $3.115 billion (2007 est.)
Tanzania $7.08 billion (2008 est.) $4.861 billion (2007 est.)
Thailand $157.3 billion (2008 est.) $124.5 billion (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste $202 million (2004 est.)
Togo $1.541 billion (2008 est.) $1.264 billion (2007 est.)
Tokelau $969,200 (2002)
Tonga $139 million (2006)
Trinidad and Tobago $9.788 billion (2008 est.) $7.67 billion (2007 est.)
Tunisia $23.23 billion (2008 est.) $18.02 billion (2007 est.)
Turkey $193.9 billion (2008 est.) $162 billion (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan $5.654 billion (2008 est.) $3.615 billion (2007 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands $175.6 million
Tuvalu $12.91 million (2005)
Uganda $3.98 billion (2008 est.) $2.983 billion (2007 est.)
Ukraine $83.81 billion (2008 est.) $60.41 billion (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates $176.3 billion (2008 est.) $116.6 billion (2007 est.)
United Kingdom $639.3 billion (2008 est.) $620.7 billion (2007 est.)
United States $2.117 trillion (2008 est.) $1.968 trillion (2007 est.)
Uruguay $8.799 billion (2008 est.) $5.598 billion (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan $7.07 billion (2008 est.) $5.73 billion (2007 est.)
Vanuatu $156 million (2006)
Venezuela $48.1 billion (2008 est.) $45.46 billion (2007 est.)
Vietnam $75.47 billion (2008 est.) $58.92 billion (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands $4.609 billion (2001)
Wallis and Futuna $61.17 million (2004)
West Bank $1.3 billion (2006) $2.44 billion (2005)
Western Sahara $NA
World $15.97 trillion (2008 est.) $13.74 trillion (2007 est.)
Yemen $8.829 billion (2008 est.) $7.49 billion (2007 est.)
Zambia $4.694 billion (2008 est.) $3.611 billion (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe $1.915 billion (2008 est.) $1.975 billion (2007 est.)
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@2088
Field Listing :: Independence
For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. Dependent areas include the notation "none" followed by the nature of their dependency status. Also see the Terminology note. Country
Independence
Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)
Albania 28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa none (territory of the US)
Andorra 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)
Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from the UK)
Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia 21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from the UK)
Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from the UK)
Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados 30 November 1966 (from the UK)
Belarus 25 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)
Belize 21 September 1981 (from the UK)
Benin 1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king)
Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March 1992)
Botswana 30 September 1966 (from the UK)
Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei 1 January 1984 (from the UK)
Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma 4 January 1948 (from the UK)
Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)