Part 268
Macedonia adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 and in 2005 note: amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary
Madagascar passed by referendum 19 August 1992
Malawi 18 May 1994
Malaysia 31 August 1957; amended many times, the latest in 2007
Maldives new constitution ratified 7 August 2008
Mali adopted 12 January 1992
Malta 1964; amended many times
Marshall Islands 1 May 1979
Mauritania 12 July 1991
Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico 5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979
Moldova adopted 29 July 1994; effective 27 August 1994; note - replaced 1979 Soviet constitution
Monaco 17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002
Mongolia 13 January 1992
Montenegro approved 19 October 2007 (by the Assembly)
Montserrat effective 19 December 1989
Morocco 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September 1996 note: the amendment of September 1996 was to create a bicameral legislature
Mozambique 30 November 1990
Namibia ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968
Nepal 15 January 2007 (interim Constitution); note - in April 2008, a Constituent Assembly was elected to draft and promulgate a new constitution by May 2010
Netherlands adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
New Caledonia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua 9 January 1987; revised in 1995, 2000, and 2005
Niger adopted 18 July 1999
Nigeria adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979 as amended in 2005
Northern Mariana Islands Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986
Norway 17 May 1814; amended many times
Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007
Palau 1 January 1981
Panama 11 October 1972; revised in 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004
Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975
Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru 29 December 1993
Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
Poland adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997
Portugal adopted 2 April 1976; subsequently revised note: the revisions placed the military under strict civilian control, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; and they allowed for the privatization of nationalized firms and the government-owned communications media
Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Qatar ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Romania 8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003
Russia adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
Saint Barthelemy 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Helena 1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983
Saint Lucia 22 February 1979
Saint Martin 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979
Samoa 1 January 1962
San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990
Saudi Arabia governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree in 1992
Senegal adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia adopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
Seychelles 18 June 1993
Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; amended several times
Singapore 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on pre-independence State of Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998; amended February 2001 note: the change in September 1998 allowed direct election of the president; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991, amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000
Solomon Islands 7 July 1978
Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing
South Africa 10 December 1996; note - certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996; was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996; and entered into effect on 4 February 1997
Spain approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978; signed by the king 27 December 1978
Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978; amended 20 December 2000
Sudan Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005 note: under the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, the Interim National Constitution was ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Sudan was signed December 2005
Suriname ratified 30 September 1987; effective 30 October 1987
Swaziland signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8 February 2006
Sweden 1 January 1975
Switzerland revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Syria 13 March 1973
Taiwan adopted on 25 December 1946; effective 25 December 1947; amended in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005
Tajikistan 6 November 1994
Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand 24 August 2007
Timor-Leste 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Togo adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970
Tonga 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976
Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Turkey 7 November 1982; amended 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, and 2007; note - amendment passed by referendum concerning presidential elections on 21 October 2007
Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution (Interim Amendment) Order 2009, S.I. 2009/701 - effective 14 August 2009 - suspended Ministerial government, the House of Assembly, and the constitutional right to trial by jury, and imposed direct British rule
Tuvalu 1 October 1978
Uganda 8 October 1995; amended in 2005 note: the amendments in 2005 removed presidential term limits and legalized a multiparty political system
Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay 27 November 1966; effective 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973; revised 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Uzbekistan adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu 30 July 1980
Venezuela 30 December 1999
Vietnam 15 April 1992
Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia 24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Zimbabwe 21 December 1979
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@2064
Field Listing :: Economic aid - recipient
Country
Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistan $2.775 billion (2005)
Albania ODA: $318.7 million note: top donors were Italy, EU, Germany (2005 est.)
Algeria $370.6 million (2005 est.)
American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994
Andorra $0
Angola $441.8 million (2005)
Anguilla $9 million (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda $7.23 million (2005)
Argentina $99.66 million (2005)
Armenia ODA, $180 million (2007)
Aruba $11.3 million (2004)
Azerbaijan ODA, $223.4 million (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The $4.78 million (2004)
Bahrain $103.9 million (2004)
Bangladesh $1.321 billion (2005)
Barbados $2.07 million (2005)
Belarus $53.76 million (2005)
Belize $12.91 million (2005)
Benin $374.7 million (2006)
Bermuda $90,000 (2004)
Bhutan $941.2 million; note - substantial aid from India (2006)
Bolivia $582.9 million (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $546.1 million (2005 est.)
Botswana $70.89 million (2005)
Brazil $191.9 million (2005)
British Virgin Islands $NA
Brunei $770,000 (2004)
Bulgaria $742 million (2005-06 est.)
Burkina Faso $659.6 million (2005)
Burma $144.7 million (2005 est.)
Burundi $365 million (2005)
Cambodia $698.2 million pledged in grants and concession loans for 2007 by international donors (2007)
Cameroon $413.8 million (2005)
Cape Verde $160.6 million (2005)
Cayman Islands $390,000 (2004)
Central African Republic ODA, $95.29 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2005 est.)
Chad ODA, $379.8 million (2005)
Chile $0 (2006)
China $1.641 billion (FY07)
Christmas Island $NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA
Colombia $511.1 million (2005)
Comoros $25.23 million (2005 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $1.828 billion (2005)
Congo, Republic of the $1.449 billion (2005)
Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Costa Rica $29.51 million (2005)
Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $60 million (2007 est.)
Croatia ODA, $125.4 million (2005)
Cuba $87.8 million (2005 est.)
Cyprus $15 million (2006)
Czech Republic $278.7 million in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Djibouti $78.6 million (2005)
Dominica $15.17 million (2005 est.)
Dominican Republic $76.99 million (2005)
Ecuador $209.5 million (2005)
Egypt ODA, $925.9 million (2005)
El Salvador $267.6 million of which $55 million from US (2005)
Equatorial Guinea $39 million (2005)
Eritrea $355.2 million (2005)
Estonia $135.5 million (2004)
Ethiopia $1.6 billion (FY05/06)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $0 (1997 est.)
Faroe Islands $105 million; note - annual subsidy from Denmark (2005)
Fiji $63.96 million (2005)
French Polynesia $579.8 million (2004)
Gabon $53.87 million (2005)
Gambia, The $58.15 million (2005)
Gaza Strip $1.4 billion; (includes West Bank) (2006 est.)
Georgia ODA, $309.8 million (2005 est.)
Ghana $1.316 billion in loans and grants (2007)
Gibraltar $NA
Greece $8 billion annually from EU (2000-06); Greece will receive about $3.8 billion per year between 2007-13 under the EU's Community Support Funds IV
Greenland $512 million; note - subsidy from Denmark (2005)
Grenada $44.87 million (2005)
Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)
Guatemala $253.6 million (2005 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $182.1 million (2005)
Guinea-Bissau $79.12 million (2005)
Guyana $136.8 million (2005)
Haiti $515 million (2005 est.)
Honduras $680.8 million (2005)
Hong Kong $6.95 million (2004)
Hungary $302.6 million (2004)
India $1.724 billion (2005)
Indonesia ODA, $2.524 billion (2006 est.) note: Indonesia ended 2006 with $67 billion in official foreign debt (about 25% of GDP), with Japan ($25 billion), the World Bank ($8.5 billion) and the Asian Development Bank ($8.4 billion) as the largest creditors; about $6 billion in grant assistance was pledged to rebuild Aceh after the December 2004 tsunami; President YUDHOYONO disbanded the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI) donor forum in January 2007
Iran $104 million (2005 est.)
Iraq $21.65 billion (2005)
Isle of Man $NA
Israel $240 million from US (FY06)
Jamaica $35.74 million (2005)
Jordan ODA, $752 million (2005 est.)
Kazakhstan $229.2 million (2005)
Kenya $768.3 million (2005)
Kiribati $27.84 million largely from UK and Japan (2005)
Korea, North $372 million note: approximately 65,000 metric tons in food aid through the World Food Program appeals in 2007, plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations (2007 est.)
Korea, South $68.07 million (2004)
Kosovo $324 million (2007)
Kuwait $2.6 million (2004)
Kyrgyzstan $268.5 million from the US (2005)
Laos $379 million (2006 est.)
Latvia $162 million (2004)
Lebanon of the $7.6 billion in grants and loans pledged to Lebanon at the Paris III conference in January 2007, Beirut as of mid-December 2007 had signed agreements for $3 billion, including $1 billion in project financing, $750 million in direct budget support, $750 million in private sector credit, and $285 million in in-kind aid; about $500 million of the $1.7 billion pledged for direct budget support has been disbursed to Lebanon; donors in August 2006 also pledged nearly $1.8 billion in aid to help Lebanon recover from the 2006 Israel-Hizballah war; during the conflict, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait provided $1.5 billion in concessional loans to the Lebanese central bank to maintain confidence in the Lebanese currency. (2005)
Lesotho $68.82 million (2005)
Liberia $236.2 million (2005)
Libya ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)
Lithuania $249.7 million (2004)
Macau $13.7 million (2004)
Macedonia $230.3 million (2005)
Madagascar $929.2 million (2005)
Malawi $575.3 million (2005)
Malaysia $31.6 million (2005)
Maldives $66.83 million (2005)
Mali $691.5 million (2005)
Malta $6.19 million (2004)
Marshall Islands $56.56 million (2005)
Mauritania $190.4 million (2005)
Mauritius $31.93 million (2005)
Mayotte $201.3 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (2005)
Mexico $189.4 million (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of $106.4 million (2005)
Moldova $191.8 million (2005)
Monaco $NA
Mongolia $159.5 million (2006)
Montenegro $NA
Montserrat Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)
Morocco ODA, $651.8 million (2005)
Mozambique $1.286 billion (2005)
Namibia ODA, $123.4 million (2005 est.)
Nauru $20 million mostly from Australia (2005)
Nepal $427.9 million (2005)
Netherlands Antilles $21.32 million (2004)
New Caledonia $524.3 million annual subsidy from France (2004)
Nicaragua $471 million (2006 est.)
Niger $515.4 million (2005)
Nigeria $6.437 billion (2005)
Niue $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island $NA
Northern Mariana Islands extensive funding from US
Oman $30.68 million (2005)
Pakistan $1.666 billion (2005)
Palau $23.46 million (2005)
Panama $19.54 million (2005)
Papua New Guinea $266.1 million (2005)
Paraguay $51.09 million (2005)
Peru $397.8 million (2005)
Philippines ODA, $451.4 million in commitments (2006)
Pitcairn Islands $3.465 million (2004)
Poland $1.524 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Puerto Rico $NA
Qatar $2.18 million (2004)
Romania $914.3 million (2004)
Russia $982.7 million in FY06 from US, including $847 million in non-proliferation subsidies
Rwanda $576 million (2005)
Saint Helena $27.84 million obtained in a grant from the United Kingdom (FY06/07)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $3.52 million (2005)
Saint Lucia $11.06 million (2005)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $4.89 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (2005)
Samoa $43.95 million (2005)
San Marino $NA
Sao Tome and Principe $31.9 million in December 2000 under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) program (2005)
Saudi Arabia $26.29 million (2005)
Senegal $477 million (2007 est.)
Serbia $2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro (disbursements to follow over several years; some aid pledged by EU and US has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by Serbia in handing over General Ratko MLADIC to the criminal court in The Hague)
Seychelles $18.81 million (2005)
Sierra Leone $343.4 million (2005 est.)
Singapore $0 (2007)
Slovakia $235 million in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Slovenia ODA, $484 million (2004-06)
Solomon Islands $198.2 million annually, mainly from Australia (2005 est.)
Somalia $236.4 million (2005 est.)
South Africa $700 million (2005)
Sri Lanka $1.189 billion (2005)
Sudan $1.829 billion (2005)
Suriname $43.97 million (2005)
Svalbard $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Swaziland $46.03 million (2005)
Syria $213 million (2008 est.)
Tajikistan $241.4 million from US (2005)
Tanzania $1.505 billion (2005)
Thailand $171.1 million (2005)
Timor-Leste $184.7 million (2005 est.)
Togo ODA, $86.71 million (2005 est.)
Tonga $31.75 million (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago $200,000 (2007 est.)
Tunisia $376.5 million (2005)
Turkey ODA, $464 million (2005)
Turkmenistan $28.25 million from the US (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islands $4.1 million (1997)
Tuvalu $10.49 million note: includes distributions from the Tuvalu Trust Fund (2006)
Uganda $1.198 billion (2005)
Ukraine $409.6 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (2005)
United Arab Emirates $5.36 million (2004)
Uruguay $14.62 million (2005)
Uzbekistan $172.3 million from the US (2005)
Vanuatu $39.48 million (2005)
Venezuela $48.66 million (2005)
Vietnam $5.4 billion in credits and grants pledged by the 2007 Consultative Group meeting in Hanoi (2007)
Virgin Islands $NA
Wallis and Futuna assistance from France, $NA
West Bank $1.4 billion; (includes Gaza Strip) (2006 est.)
Western Sahara $NA
World ODA, $106.4 billion (2005)
Yemen $2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)
Zambia $504 million (2007)
Zimbabwe $367.7 million (2005 est.)
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@2065
Field Listing :: Currency (code)
Country
Currency (code)
Afghanistan afghani (AFA)
Akrotiri euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound (CYP) formerly used
Albania lek (ALL) note: the plural of lek is leke
Algeria Algerian dinar (DZD)
American Samoa US dollar (USD)
Andorra euro (EUR)
Angola kwanza (AOA)
Anguilla East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Argentina Argentine peso (ARS)
Armenia dram (AMD)
Aruba Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)
Australia Australian dollar (AUD)
Austria euro (EUR)
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat (AZN)
Bahamas, The Bahamian dollar (BSD)
Bahrain Bahraini dinar (BHD)
Bangladesh taka (BDT)
Barbados Barbadian dollar (BBD)
Belarus Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
Belgium euro (EUR)
Belize Belizean dollar (BZD)
Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Bermuda Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Bhutan ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)
Bolivia boliviano (BOB)
Bosnia and Herzegovina konvertibilna marka (convertible mark) (BAM)
Botswana pula (BWP)
Brazil real (BRL)
British Indian Ocean Territory US Dollar (USD)
British Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Brunei Bruneian dollar (BND)
Bulgaria lev (BGN)
Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Burma kyat (MMK)
Burundi Burundi franc (BIF)
Cambodia riel (KHR)
Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Canada Canadian dollar (CAD)
Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Cayman Islands Caymanian dollar (KYD)
Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chile Chilean peso (CLP)
China Renminbi (RMB); note - also referred to by the unit yuan (CNY)
Christmas Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollar (AUD)
Colombia Colombian peso (COP)
Comoros Comoran franc (KMF)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese franc (CDF)
Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Cook Islands NZ dollar (NZD)
Costa Rica Costa Rican colon (CRC)
Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Croatia kuna (HRK)
Cuba Cuban peso (CUP) and Convertible peso (CUC)
Cyprus Cypriot pound (CYP); euro (EUR) after 1 January 2008
Czech Republic Czech koruna (CZK)
Denmark Danish krone (DKK)
Dhekelia euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound (CYP) formerly used
Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Dominica East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Dominican Republic Dominican peso (DOP)
Ecuador US dollar (USD)
Egypt Egyptian pound (EGP)
El Salvador US dollar (USD)
Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Eritrea nakfa (ERN)
Estonia Estonian kroon (EEK)
Ethiopia birr (ETB)
European Union euro, British pound, Bulgarian lev, Czech koruna, Danish krone, Estonian kroon, Hungarian forint, Latvian lat, Lithuanian litas, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Slovak koruna, Swedish krona
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pound (FKP)
Faroe Islands Danish krone (DKK)
Fiji Fijian dollar (FJD)
Finland euro (EUR)
France euro (EUR)
French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States