Part 161
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consisting of a Court of Appeal and a High Court; based on Saint Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Kitts and Nevis); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Political parties and leaders:
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Lindsay GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Izben Cordinal WILLIAMS
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 686-2636
FAX: [1] (202) 686-5740
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis
Flag description:
divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red
Economy ::Saint Kitts and Nevis
Economy - overview:
The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis is heavily dependent upon tourism revenues, which has replaced sugar, the traditional mainstay of the economy until the 1970s. Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after decades of losses of 3-4% of GDP annually. To compensate for employment losses, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as tourism, export-oriented manufacturing, and offshore banking. Economic growth was above average for Latin America from 2004 to 2006, but has since slowed. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, the St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand. The current government is constrained by a high public debt burden equivalent to nearly 185% of GDP by the end of 2006, largely attributable to public enterprise losses.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$759.5 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 207 $742 million (2007 est.)
$735.8 million (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$546 million (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
2.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 144 0.9% (2007 est.)
5.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$19,100 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $18,800 (2007 est.)
$18,700 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 3.5%
industry: 25.8%
services: 70.7% (2001)
Labor force:
18,170 (June 1995) country comparison to the world: 202
Unemployment rate:
4.5% (1997) country comparison to the world: 57
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $89.7 million
expenditures: $128.2 million (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.5% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 78
Central bank discount rate:
6.5% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 63 6.5% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
8.69% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 94 8.89% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$107.2 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 110 $97.31 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$680.6 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 103 $688.6 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$790.8 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 113 $782.4 million (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 104 $439.7 million (31 December 2007)
$304.5 million (31 December 2006)
Agriculture - products:
sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish
Industries:
tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages
Industrial production growth rate:
NA%
Electricity - production:
130 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 184
Electricity - consumption:
120.9 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 187
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 137
Oil - consumption:
1,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 192
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 169
Oil - imports:
1,225 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 185
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 138
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 136
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 139
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 122
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 137
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 141
Current account balance:
-$163 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 85
Exports:
$84 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 197
Exports - commodities:
machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco
Exports - partners:
US 65.7%, Azerbaijan 7.5%, Canada 6% (2008)
Imports:
$383 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 187
Imports - commodities:
machinery, manufactures, food, fuels
Imports - partners:
US 46.8%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.8%, UK 4.1% (2008)
Debt - external:
$314 million (2004) country comparison to the world: 174
Exchange rates:
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Communications ::Saint Kitts and Nevis
Telephones - main lines in use:
20,400 (2008) country comparison to the world: 194
Telephones - mobile cellular:
80,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 187
Telephone system:
general assessment: good interisland and international connections
domestic: interisland links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004
international: country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2003)
Television broadcast stations:
1 (plus 3 repeaters) (2003)
Internet country code:
.kn
Internet hosts:
53 (2009) country comparison to the world: 206
Internet users:
16,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 195
Transportation ::Saint Kitts and Nevis
Airports:
2 (2009) country comparison to the world: 206
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2009)
Railways:
total: 50 km country comparison to the world: 131 narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)
Roadways:
total: 383 km country comparison to the world: 197 paved: 163 km
unpaved: 220 km (2002)
Merchant marine:
total: 159 country comparison to the world: 40 by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 109, chemical tanker 7, container 1, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 19, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 121 (Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 3, Finland 1, Greece 3, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 3, Kuwait 1, Latvia 5, Malaysia 1, Pakistan 3, Romania 1, Russia 19, Singapore 1, Spain 1, Syria 7, Turkey 35, Ukraine 9, UAE 18, UK 3, Yemen 1) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Basseterre
Military ::Saint Kitts and Nevis
Military branches:
Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2009)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 10,095
females age 16-49: 10,081 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 8,159
females age 16-49: 8,517 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 376
female: 362 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
NA
Transnational Issues ::Saint Kitts and Nevis
Disputes - international:
joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Illicit drugs:
transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity
page last updated on November 11, 2009
======================================================================
@Saint Lucia (Central America and Caribbean)
Introduction ::Saint Lucia
Background:
The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.
Geography ::Saint Lucia
Location:
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Geographic coordinates:
13 53 N, 60 58 W
Map references:
Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total: 616 sq km country comparison to the world: 193 land: 606 sq km
water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative:
3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
158 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate:
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August
Terrain:
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m
Natural resources:
forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
Land use:
arable land: 6.45%
permanent crops: 22.58%
other: 70.97% (2005)
Irrigated land:
30 sq km (2003)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.01
per capita: 81 cu m/yr (1997)
Natural hazards:
hurricanes; volcanic activity
Environment - current issues:
deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean
People ::Saint Lucia
Population:
160,267 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 187
Age structure:
0-14 years: 24.4% (male 20,035/female 19,021)
15-64 years: 66.4% (male 51,593/female 54,843)
65 years and over: 9.2% (male 6,668/female 8,107) (2009 est.)
Median age:
total: 29.8 years
male: 28.7 years
female: 30.8 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.416% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 161
Birth rate:
15.1 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 140
Death rate:
6.8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 141
Net migration rate:
-4.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 158
Urbanization:
urban population: 28% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 13.43 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 134 male: 12.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 76.45 years country comparison to the world: 67 male: 73.78 years
female: 79.27 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.84 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 153
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
Nationality:
noun: Saint Lucian(s)
adjective: Saint Lucian
Ethnic groups:
black 82.5%, mixed 11.9%, East Indian 2.4%, other or unspecified 3.1% (2001 census)
Religions:
Roman Catholic 67.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Rastafarian 2.1%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%, other Christian 5.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)
Languages:
English (official), French patois
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 90.1%
male: 89.5%
female: 90.6% (2001 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
6.6% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 29
Government ::Saint Lucia
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Lucia
Government type:
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Capital:
name: Castries
geographic coordinates: 14 01 N, 61 00 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
11 quarters; Anse-la-Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort
Independence:
22 February 1979 (from the UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Constitution:
22 February 1979
Legal system:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Stephenson KING (since 9 September 2007); note - Sir John COMPTON died in office 7 September 2007
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
elections: the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 11 December 2006 (next to be held in December 2011)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - UWP 50%, SLP 46.9%, other 3.1%; seats by party - UWP 11, SLP 6
Judicial branch:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consists of a High Court and a Court of Appeals; based on Saint Lucia; three judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Lucia); member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Political parties and leaders:
National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
NA
International organization participation:
ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Michael LOUIS
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795
FAX: [1] (202) 364-6723
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia
Flag description:
blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
Economy ::Saint Lucia
Economy - overview:
The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries, with a surge in foreign direct investment in 2006, attributed to the construction of several tourism projects. Although crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, tourism provides Saint Lucia's main source of income and the industry is the island's biggest employer. The tourism sector is likely to face declining revenues with the global economic downturn as US and European travel declines. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area, and the government is trying to revitalize the banana industry, although recent hurricanes have caused exports to contract. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. The public debt-to-GDP ratio is about 70% and high debt servicing obligations constrain the KING administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. Economic fundamentals remain solid, even though unemployment needs to be reduced.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$1.774 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 186 $1.762 billion (2007 est.)
$1.733 billion (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$987 million (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
0.7% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 1.7% (2007 est.)
5% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$11,100 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 99 $11,100 (2007 est.)
$11,000 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 5%
industry: 15%
services: 80% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
79,700 (2007) country comparison to the world: 178
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 21.7%
industry: 24.7%
services: 53.6% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate:
20% (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 166
Population below poverty line:
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $141.2 million
expenditures: $146.7 million (2000 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.9% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 16
Central bank discount rate:
6.5% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 62 6.5% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
10.08% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 102 8.34% (31 December 2007)
Stock of money:
$261.3 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 103 $264.7 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
$800.1 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 100 $720.9 million (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
$1.378 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 99 $1.217 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa
Industries:
clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut processing
Industrial production growth rate:
NA
Electricity - production:
325 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 167
Electricity - consumption:
302.2 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 168
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132
Oil - consumption:
3,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 176
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 166
Oil - imports:
2,747 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 171
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 130
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 129
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 112
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 131
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 134
Current account balance:
-$199 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 88
Exports:
$288 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 176
Exports - commodities:
bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil
Exports - partners:
UK 23.6%, US 19.3%, South Korea 16.6%, Antigua and Barbuda 5.9%, Dominica 5.8%, Barbados 5.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.8% (2008)
Imports:
$791 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 178
Imports - commodities:
food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Imports - partners:
Brazil 68%, US 11.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.4% (2008)
Debt - external:
$257 million (2004) country comparison to the world: 176
Exchange rates:
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Communications ::Saint Lucia
Telephones - main lines in use:
40,900 (2008) country comparison to the world: 168
Telephones - mobile cellular:
169,600 (2008) country comparison to the world: 174
Telephone system:
general assessment: adequate system
domestic: system is automatically switched
international: country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003)
Television broadcast stations:
2 (1 commercial broadcast station and 1 community antenna television or CATV channel) (2003)
Internet country code:
.lc
Internet hosts:
103 (2009) country comparison to the world: 198
Internet users:
100,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 155
Transportation ::Saint Lucia
Airports:
2 (2009) country comparison to the world: 201
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2009)
Roadways:
total: 1,210 km (2002) country comparison to the world: 180
Ports and terminals:
Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort
Military ::Saint Lucia
Military branches:
no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit and Coast Guard) (2008)
Manpower available for military service: