The 2008 CIA World Factbook

Chapter 258

Chapter 2583,672 wordsPublic domain

Congo, Republic of the $5 billion (2000 est.)

Cook Islands $141 million (1996 est.)

Costa Rica $7.416 billion (30 June 2007)

Cote d'Ivoire $13.79 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Croatia $46.3 billion (30 June 2007)

Cuba $16.79 billion (convertible currency); another $15-20 billion owed to Russia (31 December 2007 est.)

Cyprus $26.97 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Czech Republic $74.7 billion (31 December 2007)

Denmark $492.6 billion (30 June 2007)

Djibouti $428 million (2006)

Dominica $213 million (2004)

Dominican Republic $10.21 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ecuador $17.12 billion (31 December 2007)

Egypt $29.2 billion (30 June 2007)

El Salvador $9.574 billion (December 2007)

Equatorial Guinea $338 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Eritrea $311 million (2000 est.)

Estonia $24.82 billion (30 June 2007)

Ethiopia $2.621 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA

Faroe Islands $64 million (1999)

Fiji $127 million (2004 est.)

Finland $271.2 billion (30 June 2007)

France $4.396 trillion (30 June 2007)

French Polynesia $NA

Gabon $4.895 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gambia, The $628.8 million (2003 est.)

Gaza Strip $NA

Georgia $4.5 billion (2007)

Germany $4.489 trillion (30 June 2007)

Ghana $4.891 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Gibraltar $NA

Greece $86.72 billion (31 December 2007)

Greenland $25 million (1999)

Grenada $347 million (2004)

Guam $NA

Guatemala $5.908 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $3.351 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $941.5 million (2000 est.)

Guyana $1.2 billion (2002)

Haiti $1.475 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Honduras $3.411 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Hong Kong $588 billion (2007 est.)

Hungary $125.9 billion (31 December 2007)

Iceland $3.073 billion (2002)

India $149.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Indonesia $140 billion (31 December 2007)

Iran $20.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Iraq $100.9 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ireland $1.841 trillion (30 June 2007)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $89.95 billion (31 December 2007)

Italy $996.3 billion (31 December 2007)

Jamaica $9.657 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Japan $1.492 trillion (30 June 2007)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $8.133 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kazakhstan $96.36 billion (31 December 2007)

Kenya $6.713 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kiribati $10 million (1999 est.)

Korea, North $12.5 billion (2001 est.)

Korea, South $220.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Kosovo according to the national bank of Serbia, Kosovo's external debt was around $1.2 billion; Kosovo was willing to accept around $900 million (2007)

Kuwait $33.62 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $2.966 billion (30 June 2007)

Laos $3.179 billion (2006)

Latvia $33.53 billion (31 December 2007)

Lebanon $31.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Lesotho $689 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Liberia $3.2 billion (2005 est.)

Libya $4.837 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Liechtenstein $0 (2001)

Lithuania $27.19 billion (31 December 2007)

Luxembourg $NA

Macau $0 (2006)

Macedonia $3.967 billion (31 December 2007)

Madagascar $4.6 billion (2002)

Malawi $894 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Malaysia $53.09 billion (31 December 2007)

Maldives $482 million (2006 est.)

Mali $2.8 billion (2002)

Malta $188.8 million (2005)

Marshall Islands $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)

Mauritania NA

Mauritius $2.149 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $179.8 billion (31 December 2007)

Micronesia, Federated States of $60.8 million (FY05 est.)

Moldova $3.3 billion (31 December 2007)

Monaco $18 billion (2000 est.)

Mongolia $1.438 billion (2007)

Montenegro $650 million (2006)

Montserrat $8.9 million (1997)

Morocco $19.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Mozambique $4.189 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Namibia $1.003 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nauru $33.3 million (2002)

Nepal $3.07 billion (March 2006)

Netherlands $2.277 trillion (30 June 2007)

Netherlands Antilles $2.68 billion (2004)

New Caledonia $79 million (1998 est.)

New Zealand $51.44 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Nicaragua $3.341 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Niger $2.1 billion (2003 est.)

Nigeria $8.007 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Niue $418,000 (2002 est.)

Norfolk Island $NA

Northern Mariana Islands $NA

Norway $469.1 billion; note - Norway is a net external creditor (30 June 2007)

Oman $5.297 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Pakistan $38.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Palau $0 (FY99/00)

Panama $10.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Papua New Guinea $1.646 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Paraguay $3.492 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Peru $32.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Philippines $61.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Poland $169.8 billion (31 December 2007)

Portugal $461.2 billion (31 December 2007)

Puerto Rico $NA

Qatar $33.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Romania $74.54 billion (31 December 2007)

Russia $356.5 billion (31 December 2007)

Rwanda $1.4 billion (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis $314 million (2004)

Saint Lucia $257 million (2004)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $223 million (2004)

Samoa $177 million (2004)

San Marino $NA

Sao Tome and Principe $318 million (2002)

Saudi Arabia $58.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Senegal $2.19 billion (31 December 2007)

Serbia $26.24 billion (includes debt for Montenegro and Kosovo) (2007 est.)

Seychelles $1.059 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sierra Leone $1.61 billion (2003 est.)

Singapore $25.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Slovakia $36.63 billion (31 December 2007)

Slovenia $40.42 billion (30 June 2007)

Solomon Islands $166 million (2004)

Somalia $3 billion (2001 est.)

South Africa $39.78 billion (31 December 2007)

Spain $1.084 trillion (30 June 2007 est.)

Sri Lanka $12.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Sudan $29.42 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Suriname $504.3 million (2005 est.)

Swaziland $524 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Sweden $598.2 billion (30 June 2006)

Switzerland $1.34 trillion (30 June 2007)

Syria $6.633 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Taiwan $97.85 billion (31 December 2007)

Tajikistan $1.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tanzania $4.382 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Thailand $59.52 billion (31 December 2007)

Togo $2 billion (2005)

Tonga $80.7 million (2004)

Trinidad and Tobago $2.869 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Tunisia $19.27 billion (December 2007)

Turkey $247.1 billion (31 December 2007)

Turkmenistan $1.4 billion to $5 billion (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $NA

Tuvalu $NA

Uganda $1.498 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Ukraine $69.04 billion (31 December 2007)

United Arab Emirates $61.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

United Kingdom $10.45 trillion (30 June 2007)

United States $12.25 trillion (30 June 2007)

Uruguay $11.42 billion (31 December 2007)

Uzbekistan $3.927 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vanuatu $81.2 million (2004)

Venezuela $43.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Vietnam $21.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Virgin Islands $NA

Wallis and Futuna $3.67 million (2004)

West Bank $NA

Western Sahara $NA

World $51.78 trillion note: this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt, both public and private (2004 est.)

Yemen $6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zambia $2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Zimbabwe $5.155 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2080 Fiscal year

Afghanistan 21 March - 20 March

Albania calendar year

Algeria calendar year

American Samoa 1 October - 30 September

Andorra calendar year

Angola calendar year

Anguilla 1 April - 31 March

Antigua and Barbuda 1 April - 31 March

Argentina calendar year

Armenia calendar year

Aruba calendar year

Australia 1 July - 30 June

Austria calendar year

Azerbaijan calendar year

Bahamas, The 1 July - 30 June

Bahrain calendar year

Bangladesh 1 July - 30 June

Barbados 1 April - 31 March

Belarus calendar year

Belgium calendar year

Belize 1 April - 31 March

Benin calendar year

Bermuda 1 April - 31 March

Bhutan 1 July - 30 June

Bolivia calendar year

Bosnia and Herzegovina calendar year

Botswana 1 April - 31 March

Brazil calendar year

British Virgin Islands 1 April - 31 March

Brunei 1 April - 31 March

Bulgaria calendar year

Burkina Faso calendar year

Burma 1 April - 31 March

Burundi calendar year

Cambodia calendar year

Cameroon 1 July - 30 June

Canada 1 April - 31 March

Cape Verde calendar year

Cayman Islands 1 April - 31 March

Central African Republic calendar year

Chad calendar year

Chile calendar year

China calendar year

Christmas Island 1 July - 30 June

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 July - 30 June

Colombia calendar year

Comoros calendar year

Congo, Democratic Republic of the calendar year

Congo, Republic of the calendar year

Cook Islands 1 April - 31 March

Costa Rica calendar year

Cote d'Ivoire calendar year

Croatia calendar year

Cuba calendar year

Cyprus calendar year

Czech Republic calendar year

Denmark calendar year

Djibouti calendar year

Dominica 1 July - 30 June

Dominican Republic calendar year

Ecuador calendar year

Egypt 1 July - 30 June

El Salvador calendar year

Equatorial Guinea calendar year

Eritrea calendar year

Estonia calendar year

Ethiopia 8 July - 7 July

European Union NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1 April - 31 March

Faroe Islands calendar year

Fiji calendar year

Finland calendar year

France calendar year

French Polynesia calendar year

Gabon calendar year

Gambia, The calendar year

Gaza Strip calendar year

Georgia calendar year

Germany calendar year

Ghana calendar year

Gibraltar 1 July - 30 June

Greece calendar year

Greenland calendar year

Grenada calendar year

Guam 1 October - 30 September

Guatemala calendar year

Guernsey calendar year

Guinea calendar year

Guinea-Bissau calendar year

Guyana calendar year

Haiti 1 October - 30 September

Holy See (Vatican City) calendar year

Honduras calendar year

Hong Kong 1 April - 31 March

Hungary calendar year

Iceland calendar year

India 1 April - 31 March

Indonesia calendar year

Iran 21 March - 20 March

Iraq calendar year

Ireland calendar year

Isle of Man 1 April - 31 March

Israel calendar year

Italy calendar year

Jamaica 1 April - 31 March

Japan 1 April - 31 March

Jersey 1 April - 31 March

Jordan calendar year

Kazakhstan calendar year

Kenya 1 July - 30 June

Kiribati NA

Korea, North calendar year

Korea, South calendar year

Kuwait 1 April - 31 March

Kyrgyzstan calendar year

Laos 1 October - 30 September

Latvia calendar year

Lebanon calendar year

Lesotho 1 April - 31 March

Liberia calendar year

Libya calendar year

Liechtenstein calendar year

Lithuania calendar year

Luxembourg calendar year

Macau calendar year

Macedonia calendar year

Madagascar calendar year

Malawi 1 July - 30 June

Malaysia calendar year

Maldives calendar year

Mali calendar year

Malta calendar year

Marshall Islands 1 October - 30 September

Mauritania calendar year

Mauritius 1 July - 30 June

Mayotte calendar year

Mexico calendar year

Micronesia, Federated States of 1 October - 30 September

Moldova calendar year

Monaco calendar year

Mongolia calendar year

Montenegro calendar year

Montserrat 1 April - 31 March

Morocco calendar year

Mozambique calendar year

Namibia 1 April - 31 March

Nauru 1 July - 30 June

Nepal 16 July - 15 July

Netherlands calendar year

Netherlands Antilles calendar year

New Caledonia calendar year

New Zealand 1 April - 31 March note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes

Nicaragua calendar year

Niger calendar year

Nigeria calendar year

Niue 1 April - 31 March

Norfolk Island 1 July - 30 June

Northern Mariana Islands 1 October - 30 September

Norway calendar year

Oman calendar year

Pakistan 1 July - 30 June

Palau 1 October - 30 September

Panama calendar year

Papua New Guinea calendar year

Paraguay calendar year

Peru calendar year

Philippines calendar year

Pitcairn Islands 1 April - 31 March

Poland calendar year

Portugal calendar year

Puerto Rico 1 July - 30 June

Qatar 1 April - 31 March

Romania calendar year

Russia calendar year

Rwanda calendar year

Saint Helena 1 April - 31 March

Saint Kitts and Nevis calendar year

Saint Lucia 1 April - 31 March

Saint Pierre and Miquelon calendar year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines calendar year

Samoa June 1 - May 31

San Marino calendar year

Sao Tome and Principe calendar year

Saudi Arabia calendar year

Senegal calendar year

Seychelles calendar year

Sierra Leone calendar year

Singapore 1 April - 31 March

Slovakia calendar year

Slovenia calendar year

Solomon Islands calendar year

Somalia NA

South Africa 1 April - 31 March

Spain calendar year

Sri Lanka calendar year

Sudan calendar year

Suriname calendar year

Swaziland 1 April - 31 March

Sweden calendar year

Switzerland calendar year

Syria calendar year

Taiwan calendar year

Tajikistan calendar year

Tanzania 1 July - 30 June

Thailand 1 October - 30 September

Timor-Leste calendar year

Togo calendar year

Tokelau 1 April - 31 March

Tonga 1 July - 30 June

Trinidad and Tobago 1 October - 30 September

Tunisia calendar year

Turkey calendar year

Turkmenistan calendar year

Turks and Caicos Islands calendar year

Tuvalu calendar year

Uganda 1 July - 30 June

Ukraine calendar year

United Arab Emirates calendar year

United Kingdom 6 April - 5 April

United States 1 October - 30 September

Uruguay calendar year

Uzbekistan calendar year

Vanuatu calendar year

Venezuela calendar year

Vietnam calendar year

Virgin Islands 1 October - 30 September

Wallis and Futuna calendar year

West Bank calendar year

Western Sahara calendar year

Yemen calendar year

Zambia calendar year

Zimbabwe calendar year

This page was last updated on 18 November 2008

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@2081 Flag description

Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red, and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK); this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name Afghanistan

Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used

Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary note: the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)

American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa

Andorra three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Antigua and Barbuda red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band

Argentina three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

Armenia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

Aruba blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the flag of Australia is used

Australia blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars

Austria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

Azerbaijan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band

Bahamas, The three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side

Bahrain red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam

Bangladesh green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush vegetation of Bangladesh

Barbados three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Belarus red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red

Belgium three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red note: the design was based on the flag of France

Belize blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Benin two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side

Bermuda red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

Bhutan divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side

Bolivia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band note: similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

Bosnia and Herzegovina a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle

Botswana light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

Bouvet Island the flag of Norway is used

Brazil green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag

British Virgin Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)

Brunei yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

Bulgaria three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Burkina Faso two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Burma red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 14, white, five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the seven administrative divisions and seven states

Burundi divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)