Chapter 2
Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** International Energy Agency (IEA) **
established - 15 November 1974
aim - to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers; established by the OECD
members - (26) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
** International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent **
Societies (IFRCS) note - formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)
established - 5 May 1919
aim - to organize, coordinate, and direct international relief actions; to promote humanitarian activities; to represent and encourage the development of National Societies; to bring help to victims of armed conflicts, refugees, and displaced people; to reduce the vulnerability of people through development programs
members - (179) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (7 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Comoros, Cook Islands, Eritrea, Israel, Kazakhstan, Federated States of Micronesia, Tuvalu, Palestine Liberation Organization
** International Finance Corporation (IFC) **
established - 25 May 1955; effective - 24 July 1956
aim - to support private enterprise in international economic development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate
members - (175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) **
established - NA November 1974
aim - to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency
members - (162)
Category I - (23 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
Category II - (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
Category III - (127 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) **
note - name changed from International Hydrographic Bureau on 22 September 1970
established - NA June 1919; effective - NA June 1921
aim - to train hydrographic surveyors and nautical cartographers to achieve standardization in nautical charts and electronic chart displays; to provide advice on nautical cartography and hydrography; to develop the sciences in the field of hydrography and techniques used for descriptive oceanography
members - (70) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
membership pending - (3) Bulgaria, Mauritania, Qatar
** International Labor Organization (ILO) **
established - 28 June 1919 set up as part of Treaty of Versailles; 11 April 1919 became operative; 14 December 1946 affiliated with the UN
aim - to deal with world labor issues; a UN specialized agency
members - (175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** International Maritime Organization (IMO) **
note - name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982
established - 6 March 1948 set up as the Inter-Governmental
Maritime Consultative Organization; effective - 17 March 1958
aim - to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized agency
members - (161) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia
associate members - (2) Hong Kong, Macau
** International Monetary Fund (IMF) **
established - 22 July 1944; effective - 27 December 1945
aim - to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a UN specialized agency
members - (184) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** International Olympic Committee (IOC) **
established - 23 June 1894
aim - to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games: 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States; 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece; 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy
National Olympic Committees - (199 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola (suspended), Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
** International Organization for Migration (IOM) **
note - established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989
established - 5 December 1951
aim - to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration
members - (91) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia
observers - (36) Afghanistan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Estonia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Spain, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
** International Organization for Standardization (ISO) **
established - NA February 1947
aim - to promote the development of international standards with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity
members - (93 national standards organizations) Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
correspondent members - (36) Albania, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bolivia, Brunei, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Estonia, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Moldova, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Turkmenistan, Uganda
subscriber members - (13 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Comoros, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Honduras, Lesotho, Mali, Saint Lucia, Palestine Liberation Organization
** International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) **
established - NA 1928
aim - to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime
National Societies - (176 countries);
note - same as membership for International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
** International Telecommunication Union (ITU) **
established - 17 May 1865 set up as the International Telegraph Union; 9 December 1932 adopted present name
effective - 1 January 1934; affiliated with the UN - 15 November 1947
aim - to deal with world telecommunications issues; a UN specialized agency
members - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** Islamic Development Bank (IDB) **
established - 15 December 1973 by declaration of
intent; effective - 12 August 1974
aim - to promote Islamic economic aid and social development
members - (52 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
** Latin American Economic System (LAES) **
note - also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)
established - 17 October 1975
aim - to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation
members - (28) Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela
** Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) **
note - also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)
established - 12 August 1980; effective - 18 March 1981
aim - to promote freer regional trade
members - (12) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (23) China, Commission of the European Communities, Corporacion Andina de Fomento, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Italy, Latin America Economic System, Nicaragua, Organization of American States, Panama, Panamerican Health Organization, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
** least developed countries (LLDCs) **
that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries; the 42 LLDCs are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Yemen
** less developed countries (LDCs) **
the bottom group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries and dependent areas with low levels of output, living standards, and technology; per capita GDPs are generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group also includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes, areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries; the 172 LDCs are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe;
note - similar to the new International Monetary Fund (IMF) term "developing countries" which adds Malta, Mexico, South Africa, and Turkey but omits in its recently published statistics American Samoa, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Cuba, Eritrea, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gaza Strip, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guernsey, Jersey, North Korea, Macau, Isle of Man, Martinique, Mayotte, Montserrat, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tokelau, Tonga, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara
** low-income countries **
another term for those less developed countries with below-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
** middle-income countries **
another term for those less developed countries with above-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)
** Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) **
note - was formerly the Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
established - 8 December 1964; effective - 1 January 1966
aim - to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market
members - (7) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe
** Near Abroad **
Russian term for the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security interest; the 14 countries are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
** new independent states (NIS) **
a term referring to all those countries of the FSU except the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)
** newly industrializing countries (NICs) **
former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
** newly industrializing economies (NIEs) **
that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil
** Nonaligned Movement (NAM) **
established - 1-6 September 1961
aim - to establish political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs
members - (113 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (16) Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Paraguay, Ukraine, Uruguay
guests - (28) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
** Nordic Council (NC) **
established - 16 March 1952; effective - 12 February 1953
aim - to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation
members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden
observers - (3) the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden
** Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) **
established - 4 December 1975; effective - 1 June 1976
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden
** North **
a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs)
** North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) **
established - 4 April 1949
aim - to promote mutual defense and cooperation
members - (19) Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US
** Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) **
note - also known as OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
established - 1 February 1958
aim - to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with OECD
members - (27) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
** Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) **
note - also known as the London Suppliers Group or the London Group
established - NA 1974; effective - NA 1975
aim - to establish guidelines for exports of nuclear materials, processing equipment for uranium enrichment, and technical information to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability
members - (39) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US
observer - (1) European Commission (a policy-planning body for the EU)
** Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) **
established - 14 December 1960; effective - 30 September 1961
aim - to promote economic cooperation and development
members - (30) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
special member - (1) EU
** Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) **
note - formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) established 3 July 1975
established - 1 January 1995
aim - to foster the implementation of human rights, fundamental freedoms, democracy, and the rule of law; to act as an instrument of early warning, conflict prevention, and crisis management; and to serve as a framework for conventional arms control and confidence building measures
members - (55) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia partners for cooperation - (9) Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia
** Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) **
established - 29 April 1997
aim - to enforce the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among the signatories of the Convention
members - (145) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guyana, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
signatory states - (29) Afghanistan, The Bahamas, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Thailand; note - states have signed but not ratified the convention
** Organization of African Unity (OAU) **
established - 25 May 1963
aim - to promote unity and cooperation among African states
members - (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** Organization of American States (OAS) **
established - 14 April 1890 as the International Union of American
Republics; 30 April 1948 adopted present charter; effective - 13 December 1951
aim - to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development
members - (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
observers - (51) Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Yemen
** Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) **
established - 9 January 1968
aim - to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry
members - (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE
** Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) **
established - 18 June 1981; effective - 4 July 1981
aim - to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation
members - (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
associate members - (2) Anguilla, British Virgin Islands
** Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) **
established - 14 September 1960
aim - to coordinate petroleum policies
members - (11) Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
** Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) **
established - 22-25 September 1969
aim - to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs
members - (56 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers - (3) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Central African Republic, Thailand
** Pacific Community **
note - formerly known as the South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established - 6 February
1947; effective - 29 July 1948
aim - to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters
members - (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna
** Pacific Island Forum **
note - used to the South Pacific Forum (SPF)
established - 5 August 1971
aim - to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
observer - (1) New Caledonia
** Paris Club **
established - 1956
aim - to provide a forum for debtor countries to negotiate rescheduling of debt service payments or loans extended by governments or official agencies of participating countries; to help restore normal trade and project finance to debtor countries
members - (19) Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
** Partnership for Peace (PFP) **
established - 10-11 January 1994
aim - to expand and intensify political and military cooperation throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program under the auspices of NATO
members - (29) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
** Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) **
established - 29 July 1899
aim - to facilitate the settlement of international disputes
members - (96) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** Rio Group (RG) **
note - formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December 1986; composed of the Contadora Group and the Lima Group
established - NA 1988
aim - to consult on regional Latin American issues
members - (19) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela
** Second World **
another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies
** socialist countries **
in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production;
note - the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for communist countries
** South **
a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
** South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) **
established - 8 December 1985
aim - to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members - (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
** South Pacific Forum (SPF) **
note - see Pacific Island Forum
** South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement **
(Sparteca)
established - NA 1981
aim - to redress unequal trade relationships of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in the Pacific region
members - (16) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
** Southern African Customs Union (SACU) **
established - 11 December 1969
aim - to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members - (5) Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland
** Southern African Development Community (SADC) **
note - evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)
established - 17 August 1992
aim - to promote regional economic development and integration
members - (14) Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) or Southern Common Market **
note - also known as Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (Mercosur)
established - 26 March 1991
aim - to increase regional economic cooperation
members - (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
associate member - (2) Bolivia, Chile
** Third World **
another term for the less developed countries; the term is obsolescent; see less developed countries (LDCs)
** underdeveloped countries **
refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)
** undeveloped countries **
refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)
** United Nations (UN) **
established - 26 June 1945;
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems
constituent organizations - the UN is composed of six principal organs and numerous subordinate agencies and bodies as follows: 1) Secretariat 2) General Assembly: International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), United Nations Center for Human Settlements (Habitat), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP), United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR), United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Office of Project Services (UNOPS), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), United Nations System Staff College (UNSSC), and United Nations University (UNU), World Food Program (WFP) 3) Security Council: International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), United Nations Compensation Commission, United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), United Nations Iraq/Kuwait Boundary Demarcation Commission, United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM), United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH), United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP), United Nations Monitoring and Verification Commission (UNMOVIC), United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG), United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), United Nations Peace-Keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET), and United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) 4) Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Commission for Social Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotics Drugs, Commission on Population and Development, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on the Status of Women, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Center for Secretariat of Investment Disputes (ICSID), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Labor Organization (ILO), International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Multilateral Investment Geographic Agency (MGIA), Statistical Commission, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Health Organization (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Tourism Organization (WToO), and World Trade Organization (WTrO) 5) Trusteeship Council (inactive; no trusteeships at this time) 6) International Court of Justice (ICJ) UN members - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members are represented in the General Assembly; East Timor and Switzerland are scheduled to become UN members in September 2002
observers - (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization
** United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) **
note - acronym retained from the predecessor organization, UN International Children's Emergency Fund
established - 11 December 1946
aim - to help establish child health and welfare services
members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
** United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) **
established 28 November 1997; to support the professionalization of the Haitian National Police; established by UN Security Council; members were Argentina, Benin, Canada, France, India, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, US; mission ended March 2000
** United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) **
established - 30 December 1964
aim - to promote international trade
members - (191) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland
** United Nations Development Program (UNDP) **
established - 22 November 1965
aim - to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development
members (executive board) - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
** United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) **
established - 31 May 1974
aim - to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council
members - (6) Austria, Canada, Japan, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden
** United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization **
(UNESCO)
established - 16 November
1945; effective - 4 November 1946
aim - to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members - (188) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (6) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Tokelau
** United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) **
established - 15 December 1972
aim - to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters
members - (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
** United Nations General Assembly **
established - 26 June 1945;
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN
members - (189) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly
** United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) **
established - 3 December
1949; effective - 1 January 1951
aim - to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems members (executive committee) - (57) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela
** United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) **
established - 17 November
1966; effective - 1 January 1967
aim - UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members
members - (169) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) **
established - 11 December 1963 adoption of the resolution establishing the Institute; effective - 24 March 1965
aim - to help the UN become more effective through training and research members (Board of Trustees) - (20) Austria, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Egypt, France, Ghana, Ireland, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, US;
note - the UN Secretary General can appoint up to 30 members
** United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) **
established - 10 June 1999
aim - to promote the establishment of substantial autonomy and self-government in Kosovo; to perform basic civilian administrative functions; to support the reconstruction of key infrastructure and humanitarian and disaster relief
members - (53) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Malawi, Malaysia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine UK, US, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) **
established - 19 March 1978
aim - to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, and assist in reestablishing Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the UN Security Council
members - (10) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, India, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Poland, Ukraine
** United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) **
established - 9 April 1991
aim - to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council
members - (33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, China, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
** United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan **
(UNMOGIP)
established - 24 January 1949
aim - to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan cease-fire; established by the UN Security Council
members - (9) Austria, Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, Uruguay
** United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) **
established - 29 April 1991
aim - to supervise the cease-fire and conduct a referendum in Western Sahara; established by the UN Security Council
members - (25) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, China, Egypt, El Salvador, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, US, Uruguay
** United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) **
established - 21 December 1995
aim - to establish an International Police Task Force (IPTF) to implement the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
members - (44) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Vanuatu
** United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) **
established - 31 July 2000
aim - to monitor the cessation of hostilities
members - (45) Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, India, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Ukraine, US, Uruguay, Zambia
** United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) **
established - 22 October 1999 aim - to cooperate with the Government of Sierra Leone and the other parties to the Peace Agreement in the implementation of the agreement; to monitor the military and security situation in Sierra Leone; to monitor the disarmament and demobilization of combatants and members of the Civil Defense Forces (CFD); to assist in monitoring respect for international humanitarian law
members - (32) Bangladesh, Bolivia, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mali, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Tanzania, Thailand, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Zambia
** United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) **
established - 1 February 1996
aim - to monitor the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula in southern Croatia
members - (24) Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
** United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) **
established 16 December 1994; to monitor and investigate violations of the cease-fire of 17 September 1994 between Tajikistan and the Tajik opposition and to assist in the political negotiation process; established by the UN Security Council; members were Austria, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ghana, Indonesia, Jordan, Nepal, Nigeria, Poland, Ukraine, Uruguay; mission ended May 2000
** United Nations Monitoring and Verification Commission (UNMOVIC) **
note - formerly known as United Nations Special Commission for the Elimination of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (UNSCOM)
established - NA December 1999
aim - to identify, account for, and eliminate Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and the capacity to produce them
commissioners - (15) Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, India, Japan, Nigeria, Russia, Senegal, Ukraine, UK, US
** United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) **
established - 24 August 1993
aim - to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement, to monitor weapons exclusion zone, and to supervise CIS peacekeeping force for Abkhazia; established by the UN Security Council
members - (22) Albania, Austria, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, Jordan, South Korea, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay
** United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic **
of the Congo (MONUC)
established - 30 November 1999
aim - to establish contacts with the signatories to the cease-fire agreement and to plan for the observation of the cease-fire and disengagement of forces
members - (42) Algeria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Zambia
** United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) **
established - 4 March 1964
aim - to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council
members - (9) Argentina, Austria, Canada, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Nepal, Slovakia, UK
** United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) **
note - acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities
established - NA July 1967
aim - to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with their population problems members (executive board
) - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
** United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) **
established 31 March 1995; to monitor border activity in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; members were Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, US; mandate ended 25 March 1999
** United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees **
in the Near East (UNRWA)
established - 8 December 1949
aim - to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees members (advisory commission) - (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US
** United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) **
established - NA 1963
aim - to conduct research into the problems of economic development during different phases of economic growth
members - no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 11 individual members
** United Nations Secretariat **
established - 26 June 1945;
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council
members - the UN Secretary General and staff
** United Nations Security Council **
established - 26 June 1945;
effective - 24 October 1945
aim - to maintain international peace and security
permanent members - (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US
nonpermanent members - (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly; Bulgaria (2002-03), Cameroon (2002-03), Colombia (2001-02), Guinea (2002-03), Ireland (2001-02), Mauritius (2001-02), Mexico (2002-03), Norway (2001-02), Singapore (2001-02), Syria (2002-03)
** United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) **
established - 25 October 1999
aim - to provide security throughout the territory of East Timor; to establish an effective administration; to ensure the coordination and delivery of humanitarian assistance; to support capacity-building for self-government
members - (28) Australia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, Ireland, Jordan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nepal, NZ, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay
** United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) **
established - NA June 1948
aim - to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli cease-fire; currently supports timely deployment of reinforcements to other peacekeeping operations in the region as needed; initially established by the UN Security Council
members - (22) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, US
** United Nations Trusteeship Council **
established on 26 June 1945, effective on 24 October 1945, to supervise the administration of the 11 UN trust territories; members were China, France, Russia, UK, US; it formally suspended operations 1 November 1995 after the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) became the Republic of Palau, a constitutional government in free association with the US; the Trusteeship Council was not dissolved
** United Nations University (UNU) **
established - 3 December 1973
aim - to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars
members - (24 members of UNU Council and the Rector are appointed by the Secretary General of the United Nations and the Director General of UNESCO)
** Universal Postal Union (UPU) **
established - 9 October
1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947; effective - 1 July 1948
aim - to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized agency
members - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** Warsaw Pact (WP) **
established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR; earlier members included GDR and Albania
** West African Development Bank (WADB) **
note - also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD); is a financial institution of WAEMU
established - 14 November 1973
aim - to promote regional economic development and integration
regional members - (9) Central Bank of West African States, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo international/nonregional
members - (5) African Development Bank, Belgium, European Investment Bank, France, Germany
** West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) **
note - also known as Union Economique et Monetaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)
established - 1 August 1994
aim - to increase competitiveness of members' economic markets; to create a common market
members - (8) Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo
** Western European Union (WEU) **
established - 23 October
1954; effective - 6 May 1955
aim - to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification
members - (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
associate members - (6) Czech Republic, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland, Turkey
associate partners - (7) Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
observers - (5) Austria, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden
** World Bank Group **
includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC)
** World Confederation of Labor (WCL) **
established - 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (101 national organizations) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Niger, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Islands, Zimbabwe
** World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) **
established - 3 October 1945
aim - to promote the trade union movement
members - (125 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
** World Food Program (WFP) **
established - 24 November 1961
aim - to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization
members - (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
** World Health Organization (WHO) **
established - 22 July 1946;
effective - 7 April 1948
aim - to deal with health matters worldwide; a UN specialized agency
members - (191) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau
observers - (2) Holy See, Liechtenstein
** World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) **
established - 14 July 1967;
effective - 26 April 1970
aim - to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific works; a UN specialized agency
members - (178) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** World Meteorological Organization (WMO) **
established - 11 October
1947; effective - 4 April 1951
aim - to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a UN specialized agency
members - (185) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Caribbean Territories, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
** World Tourism Organization (WToO) **
established - 2 January 1975
aim - to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace
members - (138) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members - (6) Aruba, Flanders, Hong Kong, Macau, Madeira Islands, Netherlands Antilles
observers - (2) Holy See, Palestine Liberation Organization
** World Trade Organization (WTrO) **
note - succeeded General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)
established - 15 April 1994;
effective - 1 January 1995
aim - to provide a means to resolve trade conflicts between members and to carry on negotiations with the goal of further lowering and/or eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers
members - (144) Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe
observers - (31) Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Holy See, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Nepal, Russia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tonga, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia;
note - must start accession negotiations within five years of becoming observers
** Zangger Committee (ZC) **
established - early 1970s
aim - to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT)
members - (35) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US
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Appendix C - Selected International Environmental Agreements
*Air Pollution: see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
*Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides:
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes
*Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants:
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
*Air Pollution-Sulphur 85:
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%
*Air Pollution-Sulphur 94:
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
*Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds:
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes
*Antarctic-Environmental Protocol:
see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
*Antarctic Treaty:
opened for signature - 1 December 1959 entered into force - 23 June 1961 objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes only (such as international cooperation in scientific research); to defer the question of territorial claims asserted by some nations and not recognized by others; to provide an international forum for management of the region; applies to land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees South latitude parties - (44) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
*Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal:
note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes opened for signature - 22 March 1989 entered into force - 5 May 1992 objective - to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate parties - (143) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d`Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Afghanistan, Haiti, US
*Biodiversity:
see Convention on Biological Diversity
*Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals:
note - abbreviated as Antarctic Seals opened for signature - NA entered into force - NA objective - NA parties - (16) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, South Africa, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) NZ
*Convention on Biological Diversity:
note - abbreviated as Biodiversity opened for signature - 5 June 1992 entered into force - 29 December 1993 objective - to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity parties - (180) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d`Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (7) Afghanistan, Kuwait, Libya, Thailand, Tuvalu, US, Yugoslavia
*Climate Change:
see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
*Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol:
see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
*Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas:
note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation opened for signature - 29 April 1958 entered into force - 20 March 1966 objective - to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited parties - (38) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (21) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia
*Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution:
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution opened for signature - 13 November 1979 entered into force - 16 March 1983 objective - to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution parties - (48) Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Yugoslavia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Holy See, San Marino
*Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources:
note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Marine Living Resources opened for signature - NA entered into force - NA objective - NA parties - (30) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay
*Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild :
Flora and Fauna (CITES) note - abbreviated as Endangered Species opened for signature - 3 March 1973 entered into force - 1 July 1975 objective - to protect certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits parties - (152) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d`Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Ireland, Kuwait, Lesotho
*Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention):
note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping opened for signature - 29 December 1972 entered into force - 30 August 1975 objective - to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention parties - (78) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong (associate member), Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Tunisia, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu, Yugoslavia
*Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques:
note - abbreviated as Environmental Modification opened for signature - 10 December 1976 entered into force - 5 October 1978 objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations parties - (68) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (15) Bolivia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal, Syria, Turkey, Uganda
*Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar):
note - abbreviated as Wetlands opened for signature - 2 February 1971 entered into force - 21 December 1975 objective - to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value parties - (123) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d`Ivoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zambia
*Desertification:
see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa
*Endangered Species:
see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)
*Environmental Modification:
see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
*Hazardous Wastes:
see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
*International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling:
note - abbreviated as Whaling opened for signature - 2 December 1946 entered into force - 10 November 1948 objective - to protect all species of whales from overhunting; to establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future generations the great natural resources represented by whale stocks parties - (41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Germany, Grenada, Guinea, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Oman, Peru, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
*International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983:
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83 opened for signature - 18 November 1983 entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994, went into force objective - to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources parties - (54) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d`Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela
*International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994:
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94 opened for signature - 26 January 1994 entered into force - 1 January 1997 objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective parties - (58) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d`Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) Ireland
*Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change:
note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol opened for signature - 16 March 1998, but not yet in force objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries parties - (32) Antigua and Barbuda, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Cyprus, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Jamaica, Kiribati, Lesotho, Maldives, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Niue, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Samoa, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uruguay, Uzbekistan countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (64) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Ukraine, UK, US, Vietnam, Zambia
*Law of the Sea:
see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
*Marine Dumping:
see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)
*Marine Life Conservation:
see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas
*Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer:
note - abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection opened for signature - 16 September 1987 entered into force - 1 January 1989 objective - to protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of substances that deplete it parties - (175) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
*Nuclear Test Ban:
see Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
*Ozone Layer Protection:
see Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer
*Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL):
note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution opened for signature - 17 February 1978 entered into force - 2 October 1983 objective - to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances parties - (115) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Hong Kong (associate member), Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
*Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty:
note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol opened for signature - 4 October 1991 entered into force - 14 January 1998 objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty parties - (27) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, UK, US, Uruguay countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (16) Austria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine
*Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution :
Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides opened for signature - 31 October 1988 entered into force - 14 February 1991 objective - to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes parties - (28) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1) Poland
*Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution :
Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds opened for signature - 18 November 1991 entered into force - 29 September 1997 objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects parties - (20) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (7) Canada, EU, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Ukraine, US
*Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution :
on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 opened for signature - 14 June 1994 entered into force - 5 August 1998 objective - to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes parties - (23) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (5) Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
*Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution :
on Persistent Organic Pollutants note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants opened for signature - 24 June 1998, but not yet in force objective - to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of persistent organic pollutants in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects parties - (6) Canada, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (30) Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, US
*Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution :
on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30% note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 opened for signature - 8 July 1985 entered into force - 2 September 1987 objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993 parties - (22) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
*Ship Pollution:
see Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
*Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water:
note - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban opened for signature - 5 August 1963 entered into force - 10 October 1963 objective - to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons parties - (113) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (17) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Ethiopia, Haiti, Libya, Mali, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Tanzania, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen
*Tropical Timber 83:
see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983
*Tropical Timber 94:
see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
*United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS):
note - abbreviated as Law of the Sea opened for signature - 10 December 1982 entered into force - 16 November 1994 objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment parties - (135) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (35) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iran, North Korea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Niger, Niue, Qatar, Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, UAE
*United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa:
note - abbreviated as Desertification opened for signature - 14 October 1994 entered into force - 26 December 1996 objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements parties - (172) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
*United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change:
note - abbreviated as Climate Change opened for signature - 9 May 1992 entered into force - 21 March 1994 objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system parties - (186) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d`Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2) Afghanistan, Liberia
*Wetlands:
see Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)
*Whaling:
see International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
===============================================================================
Appendix D --Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes
FIPS 10-4: Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (FIPS PUB 10-4) is maintained by the Office of the Geographer and Global Issues (Department of State) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Department of Commerce). FIPS 10-4 codes are intended for general use throughout the US Government, especially in activities associated with the mission of the Department of State and national defense programs.
ISO 3166: Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries (ISO 3166) is prepared by the International Organization for Standardization. ISO 3166 includes two- and three-character alphabetic codes and three-digit numeric codes that may be needed for activities involving exchange of data with international organizations that have adopted that standard. Except for the numeric codes, ISO 3166 codes have been adopted in the US as FIPS 104-1:American National Standard Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries, Dependencies, and Areas of Special Sovereignty for Information Interchange.
Internet: The Internet country code is the two-letter digraph maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs).
__________________________________________________________________________ Entity | FIPS 10-4 | ISO 3166 | Internet | Comment -------------------------------------------------------------------------- __________________________________________________________________________ Afghanistan_______________|AF____|AF|AFG|004|.af|_________________________ Albania___________________|AL____|AL|ALB|008|.al|_________________________ Algeria___________________|AG____|DZ|DZA|012|.dz|_________________________ American Samoa____________|AQ____|AS|ASM|016|.as|_________________________ Andorra___________________|AN____|AD|AND|020|.ad|_________________________ Angola____________________|AO____|AO|AGO|024|.ao|_________________________ Anguilla__________________|AV____|AI|AIA|660|.ai|_________________________ Antarctica |AY |AQ|ATA|010|.aq|ISO defines as the | | | | | |territory south of 60 __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|degrees south latitude___ Antigua and Barbuda_______|AC____|AG|ATG|028|.ag|_________________________ Argentina_________________|AR____|AR|ARG|032|.ar|_________________________ Armenia___________________|AM____|AM|ARM|051|.am|_________________________ Aruba_____________________|AA____|AW|ABW|533|.aw|_________________________ Ashmore and Cartier |AT |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with Islands___________________|______|__|___|___|___|Australia________________ Australia |AS |AU|AUS|036|.au|ISO includes Ashmore and | | | | | |Cartier Islands, Coral __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Sea Islands______________ Austria___________________|AU____|AT|AUT|040|.at|_________________________ Azerbaijan________________|AJ____|AZ|AZE|031|.az|_________________________ Bahamas, The______________|BF____|BS|BHS|044|.bs|_________________________ Bahrain___________________|BA____|BH|BHR|048|.bh|_________________________ Baker Island |FQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Bangladesh________________|BG____|BD|BGD|050|.bd|_________________________ Barbados__________________|BB____|BB|BRB|052|.bb|_________________________ Bassas da India |BS |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the | | | | | |Miscellaneous(French) __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Indian Ocean Islands_____ Belarus___________________|BO____|BY|BLR|112|.by|_________________________ Belgium___________________|BE____|BE|BEL|056|.be|_________________________ Belize____________________|BH____|BZ|BLZ|084|.bz|_________________________ Benin_____________________|BN____|BJ|BEN|204|.bj|_________________________ Bermuda___________________|BD____|BM|BMU|060|.bm|_________________________ Bhutan____________________|BT____|BT|BTN|064|.bt|_________________________ Bolivia___________________|BL____|BO|BOL|068|.bo|_________________________ Bosnia and Herzegovina____|BK____|BA|BIH|070|.ba|_________________________ Botswana__________________|BC____|BW|BWA|072|.bw|_________________________ Bouvet Island_____________|BV____|BV|BVT|074|.bv|_________________________ Brazil____________________|BR____|BR|BRA|076|.br|_________________________ British Indian Ocean |IO |IO|IOT|086|.io| Territory_________________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ British Virgin Islands____|VI____|VG|VGB|092|.vg|_________________________ Brunei____________________|BX____|BN|BRN|096|.bn|_________________________ Bulgaria__________________|BU____|BG|BGR|100|.bg|_________________________ Burkina Faso______________|UV____|BF|BFA|854|.bf|_________________________ Burma_____________________|BM____|MM|MMR|104|.mm|ISO uses the name Myanmar Burundi___________________|BY____|BI|BDI|108|.bi|_________________________ Cambodia__________________|CB____|KH|KHM|116|.kh|_________________________ Cameroon__________________|CM____|CM|CMR|120|.cm|_________________________ Canada____________________|CA____|CA|CAN|124|.ca|_________________________ Cape Verde________________|CV____|CV|CPV|132|.cv|_________________________ Cayman Islands____________|CJ____|KY|CYM|136|.ky|_________________________ Central African Republic__|CT____|CF|CAF|140|.cf|_________________________ Chad______________________|CD____|TD|TCD|148|.td|_________________________ Chile_____________________|CI____|CL|CHL|152|.cl|_________________________ China_____________________|CH____|CN|CHN|156|.cn|see also Taiwan__________ Christmas Island__________|KT____|CX|CXR|162|.cx|_________________________ Clipperton Island |IP |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with French __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Polynesia________________ Cocos (Keeling) Islands___|CK____|CC|CCK|166|.cc|_________________________ Colombia__________________|CO____|CO|COL|170|.co|_________________________ Comoros___________________|CN____|KM|COM|174|.km|_________________________ Congo, Democratic |CG |ZR|ZAR|180|.cd|formerly Zaire Republic of the___________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Congo, Republic of the____|CF____|CG|COG|178|.cg|_________________________ Cook Islands______________|CW____|CK|COK|184|.ck|_________________________ Coral Sea Islands |CR |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Australia________________ Costa Rica________________|CS____|CR|CRI|188|.cr|_________________________ Cote d'Ivoire_____________|IV____|CI|CIV|384|.ci|_________________________ Croatia___________________|HR____|HR|HRV|191|.hr|_________________________ Cuba______________________|CU____|CU|CUB|192|.cu|_________________________ Cyprus____________________|CY____|CY|CYP|196|.cy|_________________________ Czech Republic____________|EZ____|CZ|CZE|203|.cz|_________________________ Denmark___________________|DA____|DK|DNK|208|.dk|_________________________ Djibouti__________________|DJ____|DJ|DJI|262|.dj|_________________________ Dominica__________________|DO____|DM|DMA|212|.dm|_________________________ Dominican Republic________|DR____|DO|DOM|214|.do|_________________________ East Timor________________|TT____|TP|TMP|626|.tp|_________________________ Ecuador___________________|EC____|EC|ECU|218|.ec|_________________________ Egypt_____________________|EG____|EG|EGY|818|.eg|_________________________ El Salvador_______________|ES____|SV|SLV|222|.sv|_________________________ Equatorial Guinea_________|EK____|GQ|GNQ|226|.gq|_________________________ Eritrea___________________|ER____|ER|ERI|232|.er|_________________________ Estonia___________________|EN____|EE|EST|233|.ee|_________________________ Ethiopia__________________|ET____|ET|ETH|231|.et|_________________________ Europa Island |EU |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the | | | | | |Miscellaneous (French) __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Indian Ocean Islands_____ Falkland Islands (Islas |FA |FK|FLK|238|.fk| Malvinas)_________________| ____|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Faroe Islands_____________|FO____|FO|FRO|234|.fo|_________________________ Fiji______________________|FJ____|FJ|FJI|242|.fj|_________________________ Finland___________________|FI____|FI|FIN|246|.fi|_________________________ France____________________|FR____|FR|FRA|250|.fr|_________________________ France, Metropolitan |------|FX|FXX|249|.fx|ISO limits to the | | | | | |European part of France, | | | | | |excluding French Guiana, | | | | | |French Polynesia, French | | | | | |Southern and Antarctic | | | | | |Lands, Guadeloupe, | | | | | |Martinique, Mayotte, New | | | | | |Caledonia, Reunion, Saint | | | | | |Pierre and Miquelon, __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Wallis and Futuna________ French Guiana_____________|FG____|GF|GUF|254|.gf|_________________________ French Polynesia |FP |PF|PYF|258|.pf|ISO includes Clipperton __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Island___________________ French Southern and |FS |TF|ATF|260|.tf|FIPS 10-4 does not Antarctic Lands | | | | | |include the French------- | | | | | |claimed portion of __________________________| ____|__|___|___|___|Antarctica (Terre Adelie) Gabon_____________________|GB____|GA|GAB|266|.ga|_________________________ Gambia, The_______________|GA____|GM|GMB|270|.gm|_________________________ Gaza Strip________________|GZ____|--|---|---|---|_________________________ Georgia___________________|GG____|GE|GEO|268|.ge|_________________________ Germany___________________|GM____|DE|DEU|276|.de|_________________________ Ghana_____________________|GH____|GH|GHA|288|.gh|_________________________ Gibraltar_________________|GI____|GI|GIB|292|.gi|_________________________ Glorioso Islands |GO |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the | | | | | |Miscellaneous (French) __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Indian Ocean Islands_____ Greece____________________|GR____|GR|GRC|300|.gr|_________________________ Greenland_________________|GL____|GL|GRL|304|.gl|_________________________ Grenada___________________|GJ____|GD|GRD|308|.gd|_________________________ Guadeloupe________________|GP____|GP|GLP|312|.gp|_________________________ Guam______________________|GQ____|GU|GUM|316|.gu|_________________________ Guatemala_________________|GT____|GT|GTM|320|.gt|_________________________ Guernsey |GK |--|---|---|.gg|ISO includes with the __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|United Kingdom___________ Guinea____________________|GV____|GN|GIN|324|.gn|_________________________ Guinea-Bissau_____________|PU____|GW|GNB|624|.gw|_________________________ Guyana____________________|GY____|GY|GUY|328|.gy|_________________________ Haiti_____________________|HA____|HT|HTI|332|.ht|_________________________ Heard Island and |HM |HM|HMD|334|.hm| McDonald Islands__________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Holy See (Vatican City)___|VT____|VA|VAT|336|.va|_________________________ Honduras__________________|HO____|HN|HND|340|.hn|_________________________ Hong Kong_________________|HK____|HK|HKG|344|.hk|_________________________ Howland Island |HQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Hungary___________________|HU____|HU|HUN|348|.hu|_________________________ Iceland___________________|IC____|IS|ISL|352|.is|_________________________ India_____________________|IN____|IN|IND|356|.in|_________________________ Indonesia_________________|ID____|ID|IDN|360|.id|_________________________ Iran______________________|IR____|IR|IRN|364|.ir|_________________________ Iraq______________________|IZ____|IQ|IRQ|368|.iq|_________________________ Ireland___________________|EI____|IE|IRL|372|.ie|_________________________ Israel____________________|IS____|IL|ISR|376|.il|_________________________ Italy_____________________|IT____|IT|ITA|380|.it|_________________________ Jamaica___________________|JM____|JM|JAM|388|.jm|_________________________ Jan Mayen |JN |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Svalbard_________________ Japan_____________________|JA____|JP|JPN|392|.jp|_________________________ Jarvis Island |DQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Jersey |JE |--|---|---|.je|ISO includes with the __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|United Kingdom___________ Johnston Atoll |JQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Jordan____________________|JO____|JO|JOR|400|.jo|_________________________ Juan de Nova Island |JU |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the | | | | | |Miscellaneous (French) __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Indian Ocean Islands_____ Kazakhstan________________|KZ____|KZ|KAZ|398|.kz|_________________________ Kenya_____________________|KE____|KE|KEN|404|.ke|_________________________ Kingman Reef |KQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Kiribati__________________|KR____|KI|KIR|296|.ki|_________________________ Korea, North______________|KN____|KP|PRK|408|.kp|_________________________ Korea, South______________|KS____|KR|KOR|410|.kr|_________________________ Kuwait____________________|KU____|KW|KWT|414|.kw|_________________________ Kyrgyzstan________________|KG____|KG|KGZ|417|.kg|_________________________ Laos______________________|LA____|LA|LAO|418|.la|_________________________ Latvia____________________|LG____|LV|LVA|428|.lv|_________________________ Lebanon___________________|LE____|LB|LBN|422|.lb|_________________________ Lesotho___________________|LT____|LS|LSO|426|.ls|_________________________ Liberia___________________|LI____|LR|LBR|430|.lr|_________________________ Libya_____________________|LY____|LY|LBY|434|.ly|_________________________ Liechtenstein_____________|LS____|LI|LIE|438|.li|_________________________ Lithuania_________________|LH____|LT|LTU|440|.lt|_________________________ Luxembourg________________|LU____|LU|LUX|442|.lu|_________________________ Macau_____________________|MC____|MO|MAC|446|.mo|_________________________ Macedonia, The Republic of|MK____|MK|MKD|807|.mk|_________________________ Madagascar________________|MA____|MG|MDG|450|.mg|_________________________ Malawi____________________|MI____|MW|MWI|454|.mw|_________________________ Malaysia__________________|MY____|MY|MYS|458|.my|_________________________ Maldives__________________|MV____|MV|MDV|462|.mv|_________________________ Mali______________________|ML____|ML|MLI|466|.ml|_________________________ Malta_____________________|MT____|MT|MLT|470|.mt|_________________________ Man, Isle of |IM |--|---|---|.im|ISO includes with the __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|United Kingdom___________ Marshall Islands__________|RM____|MH|MHL|584|.mh|_________________________ Martinique________________|MB____|MQ|MTQ|474|.mq|_________________________ Mauritania________________|MR____|MR|MRT|478|.mr|_________________________ Mauritius_________________|MP____|MU|MUS|480|.mu|_________________________ Mayotte___________________|MF____|YT|MYT|175|.yt|_________________________ Mexico____________________|MX____|MX|MEX|484|.mx|_________________________ Micronesia, Federated |FM |FM|FSM|583|.fm| States of_________________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Midway Islands |MQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Miscellaneous (French) |------|--|---|---|---|ISO includes Bassas da Indian Ocean Islands | | | | | |India, Europa Island, | | | | | |Glorioso Islands, Juan de | | | | | |Nova Island, Tromelin __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Island___________________ Moldova___________________|MD____|MD|MDA|498|.md|_________________________ Monaco____________________|MN____|MC|MCO|492|.mc|_________________________ Mongolia__________________|MG____|MN|MNG|496|.mn|_________________________ Montserrat________________|MH____|MS|MSR|500|.ms|_________________________ Morocco___________________|MO____|MA|MAR|504|.ma|_________________________ Mozambique________________|MZ____|MZ|MOZ|508|.mz|_________________________ Myanmar___________________|------|--|---|---|---|see Burma________________ Namibia___________________|WA____|NA|NAM|516|.na|_________________________ Nauru_____________________|NR____|NR|NRU|520|.nr|_________________________ Navassa Island____________|BQ____|--|---|---|---|_________________________ Nepal_____________________|NP____|NP|NPL|524|.np|_________________________ Netherlands_______________|NL____|NL|NLD|528|.nl|_________________________ Netherlands Antilles______|NT____|AN|ANT|530|.an|_________________________ New Caledonia_____________|NC____|NC|NCL|540|.nc|_________________________ New Zealand_______________|NZ____|NZ|NZL|554|.nz|_________________________ Nicaragua_________________|NU____|NI|NIC|558|.ni|_________________________ Niger_____________________|NG____|NE|NER|562|.ne|_________________________ Nigeria___________________|NI____|NG|NGA|566|.ng|_________________________ Niue______________________|NE____|NU|NIU|570|.nu|_________________________ Norfolk Island____________|NF____|NF|NFK|574|.nf|_________________________ Northern Mariana Islands__|CQ____|MP|MNP|580|.mp|_________________________ Norway____________________|NO____|NO|NOR|578|.no|_________________________ Oman______________________|MU____|OM|OMN|512|.om|_________________________ Pakistan__________________|PK____|PK|PAK|586|.pk|_________________________ Palau_____________________|PS____|PW|PLW|585|.pw|_________________________ Palmyra Atoll |LQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Panama____________________|PM____|PA|PAN|591|.pa|_________________________ Papua New Guinea__________|PP____|PG|PNG|598|.pg|_________________________ Paracel Islands___________|PF____|--|---|---|---|_________________________ Paraguay__________________|PA____|PY|PRY|600|.py|_________________________ Peru______________________|PE____|PE|PER|604|.pe|_________________________ Philippines_______________|RP____|PH|PHL|608|.ph|_________________________ Pitcairn Islands__________|PC____|PN|PCN|612|.pn|_________________________ Poland____________________|PL____|PL|POL|616|.pl|_________________________ Portugal__________________|PO____|PT|PRT|620|.pt|_________________________ Puerto Rico_______________|RQ____|PR|PRI|630|.pr|_________________________ Qatar_____________________|QA____|QA|QAT|634|.qa|_________________________ Reunion___________________|RE____|RE|REU|638|.re|_________________________ Romania___________________|RO____|RO|ROM|642|.ro|_________________________ Russia____________________|RS____|RU|RUS|643|.ru|_________________________ Rwanda____________________|RW____|RW|RWA|646|.rw|_________________________ Saint Helena______________|SH____|SH|SHN|654|.sh|_________________________ Saint Kitts and Nevis_____|SC____|KN|KNA|659|.kn|_________________________ Saint Lucia_______________|ST____|LC|LCA|662|.lc|_________________________ Saint Pierre and |SB |PM|SPM|666|.pm| Miquelon__________________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Saint Vincent and the |VC |VC|VCT|670|.vc| Grenadines________________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Samoa_____________________|WS____|WS|WSM|882|.ws|_________________________ San Marino________________|SM____|SM|SMR|674|.sm|_________________________ Sao Tome and Principe_____|TP____|ST|STP|678|.st|_________________________ Saudi Arabia______________|SA____|SA|SAU|682|.sa|_________________________ Senegal___________________|SG____|SN|SEN|686|.sn|_________________________ Seychelles________________|SE____|SC|SYC|690|.sc|_________________________ Sierra Leone______________|SL____|SL|SLE|694|.sl|_________________________ Singapore_________________|SN____|SG|SGP|702|.sg|_________________________ Slovakia__________________|LO____|SK|SVK|703|.sk|_________________________ Slovenia__________________|SI____|SI|SVN|705|.si|_________________________ Solomon Islands___________|BP____|SB|SLB|090|.sb|_________________________ Somalia___________________|SO____|SO|SOM|706|.so|_________________________ South Africa______________|SF____|ZA|ZAF|710|.za|_________________________ South Georgia and the |SX |GS|SGS|239|.gs| Islands___________________|______|__|___|___|___|_________________________ Spain_____________________|SP____|ES|ESP|724|.es|_________________________ Spratly Islands___________|PG____|--|---|---|---|_________________________ Sri Lanka_________________|CE____|LK|LKA|144|.lk|_________________________ Sudan_____________________|SU____|SD|SDN|736|.sd|_________________________ Suriname__________________|NS____|SR|SUR|740|.sr|_________________________ Svalbard__________________|SV____|SJ|SJM|744|.sj|ISO includes Jan Mayen___ Swaziland_________________|WZ____|SZ|SWZ|748|.sz|_________________________ Sweden____________________|SW____|SE|SWE|752|.se|_________________________ Switzerland_______________|SZ____|CH|CHE|756|.ch|_________________________ Syria_____________________|SY____|SY|SYR|760|.sy|_________________________ Taiwan____________________|TW____|TW|TWN|158|.tw|_________________________ Tajikistan________________|TI____|TJ|TJK|762|.tj|_________________________ Tanzania__________________|TZ____|TZ|TZA|834|.tz|_________________________ Thailand__________________|TH____|TH|THA|764|.th|_________________________ Togo______________________|TO____|TG|TGO|768|.tg|_________________________ Tokelau___________________|TL____|TK|TKL|772|.tk|_________________________ Tonga_____________________|TN____|TO|TON|776|.to|_________________________ Trinidad and Tobago_______|TD____|TT|TTO|780|.tt|_________________________ Tromelin Island |TE |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Miscellaneous Islands____ Tunisia___________________|TS____|TN|TUN|788|.tn|_________________________ Turkey____________________|TU____|TR|TUR|792|.tr|_________________________ Turkmenistan______________|TX____|TM|TKM|795|.tm|_________________________ Turks and Caicos Islands__|TK____|TC|TCA|796|.tc|_________________________ Tuvalu____________________|TV____|TV|TUV|798|.tv|_________________________ Uganda____________________|UG____|UG|UGA|800|.ug|_________________________ Ukraine___________________|UP____|UA|UKR|804|.ua|_________________________ United Arab Emirates______|AE____|AE|ARE|784|.ae|_________________________ United Kingdom |UK |GB|GBR|826|.uk|ISO includes Guernsey, __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Isle of Man, Jersey______ United States_____________|US____|US|USA|840|.us|_________________________ United States Minor |------|UM|UMI|581|.um|ISO includes Baker Outlying Islands | | | | | |Island, Howland Island, | | | | | |Jarvis Island, Johnston | | | | | |Atoll, Kingman Reef, | | | | | |Midway Islands, Palmyra __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Atoll, Wake Island_______ Uruguay___________________|UY____|UY|URY|858|.uy|_________________________ Uzbekistan________________|UZ____|UZ|UZB|860|.uz|_________________________ Vanuatu___________________|NH____|VU|VUT|548|.vu|_________________________ Venezuela_________________|VE____|VE|VEN|862|.ve|_________________________ Vietnam___________________|VM____|VN|VNM|704|.vn|_________________________ Virgin Islands____________|VQ____|VI|VIR|850|.vi|_________________________ Virgin Islands (UK) |------|--|---|---|.vg|see British Virgin __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Islands__________________ Virgin Islands (US)_______|------|--|---|---|.vi|see Virgin Islands_______ Wake Island |WQ |--|---|---|---|ISO includes with the US __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Minor Outlying Islands___ Wallis and Futuna_________|WF____|WF|WLF|876|.wf|_________________________ West Bank_________________|WE____|--|---|---|---|_________________________ Western Sahara____________|WI____|EH|ESH|732|.eh|_________________________ Western Samoa_____________|------|--|---|---|.ws|see Samoa________________ World |------|--|---|---|---|the Factbook uses the W | | | | | |data code from DIAM 65-18 | | | | | |Geopolitical Data | | | | | |Elements and Related | | | | | |Features, Data Standard | | | | | |No. 3, December 1994, | | | | | |published by the Defense __________________________|______|__|___|___|___|Intelligence Agency______ Yemen_____________________|YM____|YE|YEM|887|.ye|_________________________ Yugoslavia________________|YI____|YU|YUG|891|.yu|_________________________ Zaire |------|--|---|---|---|see Democratic Republic __________________________| ____|__|___|___|___|of the Congo_____________ Zambia____________________|ZA____|ZM|ZWB|894|.zm|_________________________ Zimbabwe__________________|ZI____|ZW|ZWE|716|.zw|_________________________
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Appendix E - Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes
IHO 23-4th: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, Draft 4th Edition 1986, published by the International Hydrographic Bureau of the International Hydrographic Organization
IHO 23-3rd: Limits of Oceans and Seas, Special Publication 23, 3rd Edition 1953, published by the International Hydrographic Organization
ACIC M 49-1: Chart of Limits of Seas and Oceans, revised January 1958, published by the Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (ACIC), United States Air Force; note - ACIC is now part of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)
DIAM 65-18: Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features, Data Standard No. 4, Defense Intelligence Agency Manual 65-18, December 1994, published by the Defense Intelligence Agency
The US Government has not yet adopted a standard for hydrographic codes similar to the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 10-4 country codes. The names and limits of the following oceans and seas are not always directly comparable because of differences in the customers, needs, and requirements of the individual organizations. Even the number of principal water bodies varies from organization to organization. Factbook users, for example, find the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean entries useful, but none of the following standards include those oceans in their entirety. Nor is there any provision for combining codes or overcodes to aggregate water bodies.The recently delimited Southern Ocean is not included.
Principal Oceans and Seas of the World With Hydrographic Codes by Institution _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________|IHO_23-4th|IHO_23-3rd*|ACIC_M_49-1____|DIAM_65-18 Arctic Ocean___________|9_________|17_________|A______________|5A________ Atlantic Ocean_________|-_________|-__________|-______________|-_________ North Atlantic Ocean___|1_________|23_________|B______________|1A________ South Atlantic Ocean___|4_________|32_________|C______________|2A________ Baltic Sea_____________|2_________|1__________|B26____________|7B________ Indian Ocean___________|5_________|45_________|F______________|6A________ Mediterranean Sea______|3.1_______|28_________|B11____________|-_________ Eastern Mediterranean__|3.1.2_____|28_B_______|-______________|8E________ Western Mediterranean__|3.1.1_____|28_A_______|-______________|8W________ Pacific Ocean__________|-_________|-__________|-______________|-_________ North Pacific Ocean____|7_________|57_________|D______________|3A________ South Pacific Ocean____|8_________|61_________|E______________|4A________ South China and Eastern|6 |49, 48 |D18 plus |3U plus Archipelagic Seas______|__________|___________|others_________|others____
*The letters after the numbers are subdivisions, not footnotes.
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Appendix F - Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names
___________________________________________________________________________ Name |Entry in The World Factbook|Latitude |Longitude | |(deg min)|(deg min) ___________________________|___________________________|_________|_________
___________________________________________________________________________ Abidjan (capital)___________|Cote d'Ivoire________________| 5 19 N| 4 02 W Abkhazia (region)___________|Georgia______________________|43 00 N| 41 00 E Abu Dhabi (capital)_________|United Arab Emirates_________|24 28 N| 54 22 E Abu Musa (island)___________|Iran_________________________|25 52 N| 55 03 E Abuja (capital)_____________|Nigeria______________________| 9 12 N| 7 11 E Abyssinia (former name for |Ethiopia | 8 00 N| 38 00 E Ethiopia)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Acapulco (city)_____________|Mexico_______________________|16 51 N| 99 55 W Accra (capital)_____________|Ghana________________________| 5 33 N| 0 13 W Adamstown (capital)_________|Pitcairn Islands_____________|25 04 S|130 05 W Addis Ababa (capital)_______|Ethiopia_____________________| 9 02 N| 38 42 E Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) |Antarctica |66 30 S|139 00 E (claimed by France)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Aden (city)_________________|Yemen________________________|12 46 N| 45 01 E Aden, Gulf of_______________|Indian Ocean_________________|12 30 N| 48 00 E Admiralty Island____________|United States (Alaska)_______|57 44 N|134 20 W Admiralty Islands___________|Papua New Guinea_____________| 2 10 S|147 00 E Adriatic Sea________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|42 30 N| 16 00 E Adygey (region)_____________|Russia_______________________|44 30 N| 40 10 E Aegean Islands______________|Greece_______________________|38 00 N| 25 00 E Aegean Sea__________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|38 30 N| 25 00 E Afars and Issas, French |Djibouti |11 30 N| 43 00 E Territory of the (FTAI) | | | (former name for Djibouti)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Afghanestan (local name for |Afghanistan |33 00 N| 65 00 E Afghanistan)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Agalega Islands_____________|Mauritius____________________|10 25 S| 56 40 E Agana (city; former name for|Guam |13 28 N|144 45 E Hagatna)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ajaccio (city)______________|France (Corsica)_____________|41 55 N| 8 44 E Ajaria (region)_____________|Georgia______________________|41 45 N| 42 10 E Akmola (city; former name |Kazakhstan |51 10 N| 71 30 E for Astana)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Aksai Chin (region) |China (de facto), India |35 00 N| 79 00 E ____________________________|(claimed)____________________|_______|________ Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah |Saudi Arabia |25 00 N| 45 00 E (local name for Saudi | | | Arabia)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Bahrayn (local name for |Bahrain |26 00 N| 50 33 E Bahrain)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Imarat al Arabiyah al |United Arab Emirates |24 00 N| 54 00 E Muttahidah (local name for | | | the United Arab Emirates)___|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Iraq (local name for |Iraq |33 00 N| 44 00 E Iraq)_______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Jaza`ir (local name for |Algeria |28 00 N| 3 00 E Algeria)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Kuwayt (local name for |Kuwait |29 30 N| 45 45 E Kuwait)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Maghrib (local name for |Morocco |32 00 N| 5 00 W Morocco)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Urdun (local name for |Jordan |31 00 N| 36 00 E Jordan)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Al Yaman (local name for |Yemen |15 00 N| 48 00 E Yemen)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Aland Islands_______________|Finland______________________|60 15 N| 20 00 E Alaska (state)______________|United States________________|65 00 N|153 00 W Alaska, Gulf of_____________|Pacific Ocean________________|58 00 N|145 00 W Alboran Sea_________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|36 00 N| 2 30 W Aldabra Islands (Groupe |Seychelles | 9 25 S| 46 22 E d`Aldabra)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Alderney (island)___________|Guernsey_____________________|49 43 N| 2 12 W Aleutian Islands____________|United States (Alaska)_______|52 00 N|176 00 W Alexander Archipelago |United States (Alaska) |57 00 N|134 00 W (island group)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Alexander Island____________|Antarctica___________________|71 00 S| 70 00 W Alexandretta (region; former|Turkey |36 34 N| 36 08 E name for Iskenderun)________|_____________________________|_______|________ Alexandria (city)___________|Egypt________________________|31 12 N| 29 54 E Algiers (capital)___________|Algeria______________________|36 47 N| 2 03 E Alhucemas, Penon de (island |Spain |35 13 N| 3 53 W group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Alma-Ata (city; former name |Kazakhstan |43 15 N| 76 57 E for Almaty)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Almaty (former capital)_____|Kazakhstan___________________|43 15 N| 76 57 E Alofi (capital)_____________|Niue_________________________|19 01 S|169 55 E Alphonse Island_____________|Seychelles___________________| 7 01 S| 52 45 E Alsace (region)_____________|France_______________________|48 30 N| 7 20 E Amami Strait________________|Pacific Ocean________________|28 40 N|129 30 E Amindivi Islands (former |India |11 30 N| 72 30 E name for Laccadive Islands) |_____________________________|_______|________ Amirante Isles (Les |Seychelles | 6 00 S| 53 10 E Amirantes) (island group)___|_____________________________|_______|________ Amman (capital)_____________|Jordan_______________________|31 57 N| 35 56 E Amsterdam (capital)_________|Netherlands__________________|52 23 N| 4 54 E Amsterdam Island (Ile |French Southern and Antarctic|37 52 S| 77 32 E Amsterdam)__________________|Lands________________________|_______|________ Amundsen Sea________________|Southern Ocean_______________|72 30 S|112 00 W Amur River__________________|China, Russia________________|52 56 N|141 10 E Amurskiy Liman (strait)_____|Pacific Ocean________________|53 00 N|141 30 E Anadyrskiy Zaliv (gulf)_____|Pacific Ocean________________|64 00 N|177 00 E Anatolia (region)___________|Turkey_______________________|39 00 N| 35 00 E Andaman Islands_____________|India________________________|12 00 N| 92 45 E Andaman Sea_________________|Indian Ocean_________________|10 00 N| 95 00 E Andorra la Vella (capital)__|Andorra______________________|42 30 N| 1 30 E Andros (island)_____________|Greece_______________________|37 45 N| 24 42 E Andros Island_______________|The Bahamas__________________|24 26 N| 77 57 W Anegada Passage_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|18 30 N| 63 40 W Angkor Wat (ruins)__________|Cambodia_____________________|13 26 N|103 50 E Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (former|Sudan |15 00 N| 30 00 E name for Sudan)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Anjouan (island)____________|Comoros______________________|12 15 S| 44 25 E Ankara (capital)____________|Turkey_______________________|39 56 N| 32 52 E Annobon (island)____________|Equatorial Guinea____________| 1 25 S| 5 36 E Antananarivo (capital)______|Madagascar___________________|18 52 S| 47 30 E Antigua (island)____________|Antigua and Barbuda__________|14 34 N| 90 44 W Antipodes Islands___________|New Zealand__________________|49 41 S|178 43 E Antwerp (city)______________|Belgium______________________|51 13 N| 4 25 E Aomen (local Chinese short- |Macau |22 10 N|113 33 E form name for Macau)________|_____________________________|_______|________ Aozou Strip (region)________|Chad_________________________|22 00 N| 18 00 E Apia (capital)______________|Samoa________________________|13 50 S|171 44 N Aqaba, Gulf of______________|Indian Ocean_________________|29 00 N| 34 30 E Arab, Shatt al (river)______|Iran, Iraq___________________|29 57 N| 48 34 E Arabian Sea_________________|Indian Ocean_________________|15 00 N| 65 00 E Arafura Sea_________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 9 00 S|133 00 E Aral Sea____________________|Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan_______|45 00 N| 60 00 E Argun River_________________|China, Russia________________|53 20 N|121 28 E Aru Sea_____________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 6 15 S|135 00 E Ascension Island____________|Saint Helena_________________| 7 57 S| 14 22 W Ashgabat (capital)__________|Turkmenistan_________________|37 57 N| 58 23 E Ashkhabad (see Ashgabat)____|Turkmenistan_________________|37 57 N| 58 23 E Asmara (capital)____________|Eritrea______________________|15 20 N| 38 53 E Asmera (see Asmara)_________|Eritrea______________________|15 20 N| 38 53 E As-Sudan (local name for |Sudan |15 00 N| 30 00 E Sudan)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Assumption Island___________|Seychelles___________________| 9 46 S| 46 34 E Astana (Akmola) (capital)___|Kazakhstan___________________|51 10 N| 71 30 E Asuncion (capital)__________|Paraguay_____________________|25 16 S| 57 40 W Asuncion Island_____________|Northern Mariana Islands_____|19 40 N|145 24 E Atacama (desert)____________|Chile________________________|23 00 S| 70 10 W Atacama (region)____________|Chile________________________|24 30 S| 69 15 W Athens (capital)____________|Greece_______________________|37 59 N| 23 44 E Attu Island_________________|United States________________|52 55 N|172 57 E Auckland Islands____________|New Zealand__________________|51 00 S|166 30 E Australes, Iles (Iles |French Polynesia |23 20 S|151 00 W Tubuai) (island group)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Avarua (capital)____________|Cook Islands_________________|21 12 S|159 46 W Axel Heiberg Island_________|Canada_______________________|79 30 N| 90 00 W Azad Kashmir (region)_______|Pakistan_____________________|34 30 N| 74 00 E Azarbaycan (local name for |Azerbaijan |40 30 N| 47 30 E Azerbaijan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Azerbaidzhan (local name for|Azerbaijan |40 30 N| 47 30 E Azerbaijan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Azores (islands)____________|Portugal_____________________|38 30 N| 28 00 W Azov, Sea of________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|49 00 N| 36 00 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Bab el Mandeb (strait)______|Indian Ocean_________________|12 40 N| 43 20 E Babuyan Channel_____________|Pacific Ocean________________|18 44 N|121 40 E Babuyan Islands_____________|Philippines__________________|19 10 N|121 40 E Baffin Bay__________________|Arctic Ocean_________________|73 00 N| 66 00 W Baffin Island_______________|Canada_______________________|68 00 N| 70 00 W Baghdad (capital)___________|Iraq_________________________|33 21 N| 44 25 E Baki (see Baku)_____________|Azerbaijan___________________|40 23 N| 49 51 E Baku (capital)______________|Azerbaijan___________________|40 23 N| 49 51 E Baky (see Baku)_____________|Azerbaijan___________________|40 23 N| 49 51 E Balabac Strait______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 7 35 N|117 00 E Balearic Islands____________|Spain________________________|39 30 N| 3 00 E Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea)__|Atlantic Ocean_______________|40 30 N| 2 00 E Bali (island)_______________|Indonesia____________________| 8 20 S|115 00 E Bali Sea____________________|Indian Ocean_________________| 7 45 S|115 30 E Balintang Channel___________|Pacific Ocean________________|19 49 N|121 40 E Balintang Islands___________|Philippines__________________|19 55 N|122 10 E Balkan Peninsula |Albania, Bosnia and |42 00 N| 23 00 E |Herzegovina, Bulgaria, | | |Croatia, Greece, Romania, | | |Serbia and Montenegro, | | |Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav| | |Republic of Macedonia, Turkey| | ____________________________|(European part)______________|_______|________ Balleny Islands_____________|Antarctica___________________|67 00 S|163 00 E Balochistan (region)________|Pakistan_____________________|28 00 N| 63 00 E Baltic Sea__________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|57 00 N| 19 00 E Bamako (capital)____________|Mali_________________________|12 39 N| 8 00 W Banaba (Ocean Island)_______|Kiribati_____________________| 0 52 S|169 35 E Banat (region)______________|Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia |45 30 N| 21 00 E Banda Sea___________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 5 00 S|128 00 E Bandar Seri Begawan |Brunei | 4 52 S|114 55 E (capital)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bangka (island)_____________|Indonesia____________________| 2 30 S|106 00 E Bangkok (capital)___________|Thailand_____________________|13 45 N|100 31 E Bangui (capital)____________|Central African Republic_____| 4 22 N| 18 35 E Banjul (capital)____________|The Gambia___________________|13 28 N| 16 39 W Banks Island________________|Australia____________________|10 12 S|142 16 E Banks Island________________|Canada_______________________|75 15 N|121 30 W Banks Islands (Iles Banks)__|Vanuatu______________________|14 00 S|167 30 E Barbuda (island)____________|Antigua and Barbuda__________|17 38 N| 61 48 W Barents Sea_________________|Arctic Ocean_________________|74 00 N| 36 00 E Barranquilla (city)_________|Colombia_____________________|10 59 N| 74 48 W Bashi Channel_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|22 00 N|121 00 E Basilan Strait______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 6 49 N|122 05 E Basque Provinces____________|Spain________________________|43 00 N| 2 30 W Bass Strait_________________|Pacific Ocean________________|39 20 S|145 30 E Basse-Terre (capital)_______|Guadeloupe___________________|16 00 N| 61 44 W Basseterre (capital)________|Saint Kitts and Nevis________|17 18 N| 62 43 W Bastia (city)_______________|France (Corsica)_____________|42 42 N| 9 27 E Basutoland (former name for |Lesotho |29 30 S| 28 30 E Lesotho)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Batan Islands_______________|Philippines__________________|20 30 N|121 50 E Bavaria (Bayern) (region)___|Germany______________________|48 30 N| 11 30 E Beagle Channel______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|54 53 S| 68 10 W Bear Island (see Bjornoya)__|Svalbard_____________________|74 26 N| 19 05 E Beaufort Sea________________|Arctic Ocean_________________|73 00 N|140 00 W Bechuanaland (former name |Botswana |22 00 S| 24 00 E for Botswana)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Beijing (capital)___________|China________________________|39 56 N|116 24 E Beirut (capital)____________|Lebanon______________________|33 53 N| 35 30 E Bekaa Valley________________|Lebanon______________________|34 00 N| 36 05 E Belau (Palau Islands)_______|Palau________________________| 7 30 N|134 30 E Belep Islands (Iles Belep)__|New Caledonia________________|19 45 S|163 40 E Belgian Congo (former name |Democratic Republic of the | 0 00 N| 25 00 E for Democratic Republic of |Congo | | the Congo)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Belgie (local name for |Belgium |50 50 N| 4 00 E Belgium)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Belgique (local name for |Belgium |50 50 N| 4 00 E Belgium)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Belgrade (capital)__________|Yugoslavia___________________|44 50 N| 20 30 E Belize City (capital)_______|Belize_______________________|17 30 N| 88 12 W Belle Isle, Strait of_______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|51 35 N| 56 30 W Bellingshausen Sea__________|Southern Ocean_______________|71 00 S| 85 00 W Belmopan (capital)__________|Belize_______________________|17 15 N| 88 46 W Belorussia (former name for |Belarus |53 00 N| 28 00 E Belarus)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Benadir (region; former name|Somalia | 4 00 N| 46 00 E of Italian Somaliland)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Bengal, Bay of______________|Indian Ocean_________________|15 00 N| 90 00 E Berau, Gulf of______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 2 30 S|132 30 E Bering Island_______________|Russia_______________________|55 00 N|166 30 E Bering Sea__________________|Pacific Ocean________________|60 00 N|175 00 W Bering Strait_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|65 30 N|169 00 W Berkner Island______________|Antarctica___________________|79 30 S| 49 30 W Berlin (capital)____________|Germany______________________|52 31 N| 13 24 E Berlin, East (former name |Germany |52 30 N| 13 33 E for eastern sector of | | | Berlin)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Berlin, West (former name |Germany |52 30 N| 12 20 E for western sector of | | | Berlin)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bern (capital)______________|Switzerland__________________|46 57 N| 7 26 E Bessarabia (region)_________|Moldova, Romania, Ukraine____|47 00 N| 28 30 E Bharat (local name for |India |20 00 N| 77 00 E India)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bhopal (city)_______________|India________________________|23 16 N| 77 24 E Biafra (region)_____________|Nigeria______________________| 5 30 N| 7 30 E Big Diomede Island__________|Russia_______________________|65 46 N|169 06 W Bijagos, Arquipelago dos |Guinea-Bissau |11 25 N| 16 20 W (island group)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bikini Atoll________________|Marshall Islands_____________|11 35 N|165 23 E Bilbao (city)_______________|Spain________________________|43 15 N| 2 58 W Bioko (island)______________|Equatorial Guinea____________| 3 30 N| 8 42 E Biscay, Bay of______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|44 00 N| 4 00 W Bishkek (capital)___________|Kyrgyzstan___________________|42 54 N| 74 36 E Bishop Rock_________________|United Kingdom_______________|49 52 N| 6 27 W Bismarck Archipelago (island|Papua New Guinea | 5 00 S|150 00 E group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bismarck Sea________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 4 00 S|148 00 E Bissau (capital)____________|Guinea-Bissau________________|11 51 N| 15 35 W Bjornoya (Bear Island)______|Svalbard_____________________|74 26 N| 19 05 E Black Forest (region)_______|Germany______________________|48 00 N| 8 15 E Black Rock (island) |South Georgia and the South |53 39 S| 41 48 W ____________________________|Sandwich Islands_____________|_______|________ Black Sea___________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|43 00 N| 35 00 E Bloemfontein (city, judicial|South Africa |29 12 S| 26 07 E center)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bo Hai (gulf)_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|38 00 N|120 00 E Boa Vista (island)__________|Cape Verde___________________|16 05 N| 22 50 W Bogota (capital)____________|Colombia_____________________| 4 36 N| 74 05 W Bohemia (region)____________|Czech Republic_______________|50 00 N| 14 30 E Bombay (see Mumbai)_________|India________________________|18 58 N| 72 50 E Bonaire (island)____________|Netherlands Antilles_________|12 10 N| 68 15 W Bonifacio, Strait of________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|41 01 N| 14 00 E Bonin Islands_______________|Japan________________________|27 00 N|140 10 E Bonn (capital)______________|Germany______________________|50 44 N| 7 05 E Bophuthatswana (enclave |South Africa |26 30 S| 25 30 E region)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bora-Bora (island)__________|French Polynesia_____________|16 30 S|151 45 W Bordeaux (city)_____________|France_______________________|44 50 N| 0 34 W Borneo (island)_____________|Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia__| 0 30 N|114 00 E Bornholm (island)___________|Denmark______________________|55 10 N| 15 00 E Bosna i Hercegovina (local |Bosnia and Herzegovina |44 00 N| 18 00 E name for Bosnia and | | | Herzegovina)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Bosnia (political region)___|Bosnia and Herzegovina_______|44 00 N| 18 00 E Bosporus (strait)___________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|41 00 N| 29 00 E Bothnia, Gulf of____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|63 00 N| 20 00 E Bougainville (island)_______|Papua New Guinea_____________| 6 00 S|155 00 E Bougainville Strait_________|Pacific Ocean________________| 6 40 S|156 10 E Bounty Islands______________|New Zealand__________________|47 43 S|174 00 E Bourbon Island (former name |Reunion |21 06 S| 55 36 E of Reunion)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Brasilia (capital)__________|Brazil_______________________|15 47 S| 47 55 W Bratislava (capital)________|Slovakia_____________________|48 09 N| 17 07 E Brazzaville (capital)_______|Republic of the Congo________| 4 16 S| 15 17 E Bridgetown (capital)________|Barbados_____________________|13 06 N| 59 37 W Brisbane (city)_____________|Australia____________________|27 28 S|153 02 E Bristol Bay_________________|Pacific Ocean________________|57 00 N|160 00 W Bristol Channel_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|51 18 N| 3 30 W Britain (see Great Britain) |United Kingdom_______________|54 00 N| 2 00 W British Bechuanaland |South Africa |27 30 S| 23 30 E (region; former name for | | | northwest South Africa)_____|_____________________________|_______|________ British Central African |Malawi |13 30 S| 34 00 E Protectorate (former name | | | of__Nyasaland)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ British East Africa (former |Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda | 1 00 N| 38 00 E name for British possessions| | | in eastern Africa)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ British Guiana (former name |Guyana | 5 00 N| 59 00 W for Guyana)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ British Honduras (former |Belize |17 15 N| 88 45 W name for Belize)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ British Solomon Islands |Solomon Islands | 8 00 S|159 00 E (former name for Solomon | | | Islands)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ British Somaliland (former |Somalia |10 00 N| 49 00 E name for northern Somalia)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Brussels (capital)__________|Belgium______________________|50 50 N| 4 20 E Bubiyan (island)____________|Kuwait_______________________|29 47 N| 48 10 E Bucharest (capital)_________|Romania______________________|44 26 N| 26 06 E Budapest (capital)__________|Hungary______________________|47 30 N| 19 05 E Buenos Aires (capital)______|Argentina____________________|34 36 S| 58 27 W Bujumbura (capital)_________|Burundi______________________| 3 23 S| 29 22 E Bukovina (region)___________|Romania, Ukraine_____________|48 00 N| 26 00 E Byelarus (local name for |Belarus |53 00 N| 28 00 E Belarus)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Byelorussia (former name for|Belarus |53 00 N| 28 00 E Belarus)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________
___________________________________________________________________________ Cabinda (province)__________|Angola_______________________| 5 33 S| 12 12 E Cabo Verde (local name for |Cape Verde |16 00 N| 24 00 W Cape Verde)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Cabot Strait________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|47 20 N| 59 30 W Caicos Islands______________|Turks and Caicos Islands_____|21 56 N| 71 58 W Cairo (capital)_____________|Egypt________________________|30 03 N| 31 15 E California, Gulf of_________|Pacific Ocean________________|28 00 N|112 00 W Cameroun (local name for |Cameroon | 6 00 N| 12 00 E Cameroon)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Campbell Island_____________|New Zealand__________________|52 33 S|169 09 E Campeche, Bay of____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|20 00 N| 94 00 W Canal Zone (former name for |Panama | 9 00 N| 79 45 W US possessions in Panama)___|_____________________________|_______|________ Canarias Sea________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|28 00 N| 16 00 W Canary Islands______________|Spain________________________|28 00 N| 15 30 W Canberra (capital)__________|Australia____________________|35 17 S|149 08 E Cancun (city)_______________|Mexico_______________________|21 10 N| 86 50 W Canton (Guangzhou) (city)___|China________________________|23 06 N|113 16 E Canton Island (Kanton |Kiribati | 2 49 S|171 40 W Island)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Cape Juby (region; former |Morocco |27 53 N| 12 58 W name for Southern Morocco)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Cape of Good Hope (cape; |South Africa |34 15 S| 18 25 E also alternate name for Cape| | | Province of South Africa)___|_____________________________|_______|________ Cape Province (region; |South Africa |31 30 S| 22 30 E former name for Northern, | | | Western, and Eastern Cape | | | Provinces of South Africa)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Cape Town (legislative |South Africa |33 57 S| 18 28 W capital)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Caracas (capital)___________|Venezuela____________________|10 30 N| 66 56 W Cargados Carajos Shoals_____|Mauritius____________________|16 25 S| 59 38 E Caribbean Sea_______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|15 00 N| 73 00 W Caroline Islands |Federated States of | 7 30 N|148 00 E ____________________________|Micronesia, Palau____________|_______|________ Carpatho-Ukraine (region; |Ukraine |48 22 N| 23 32 E former name for Zakarpats`ka| | | oblast`)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Carpentaria, Gulf of________|Pacific Ocean________________|14 00 S|139 00 E Castries (capital)__________|Saint Lucia__________________|14 01 N| 61 00 W Catalonia (region)__________|Spain________________________|42 00 N| 2 00 E Cato Island_________________|Australia____________________|23 15 S|155 32 E Caucasus (region)___________|Russia_______________________|42 00 N| 45 00 E Cayenne (capital)___________|French Guiana________________| 4 56 N| 52 20 W Celebes (island)____________|Indonesia____________________| 2 00 S|121 00 E Celebes Sea_________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 3 00 N|122 00 E Celtic Sea__________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|51 00 N| 6 30 W Central African Empire |Central African Republic | 7 00 N| 21 00 E (former name for Central | | | African Republic)___________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ceram (Seram) Sea___________|Pacific Ocean________________| 2 30 S|129 30 E Ceska Republika (local name |Czech Republic |49 45 N| 15 30 E for Czech Republic)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ceskoslovensko (former local|Czech Republic, Slovakia |49 00 N| 17 30 E name for Czechoslovakia)____|_____________________________|_______|________ Ceuta (city)________________|Spain________________________|35 53 N| 5 19 W Ceylon (former name for Sri |Sri Lanka | 7 00 N| 81 00 E Lanka)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Chafarinas, Islas (island)__|Spain________________________|35 12 N| 2 26 W Chagos Archipelago (Oil |British Indian Ocean | 6 00 S| 71 30 E Islands)____________________|Territory____________________|_______|________ Challenger Deep (Mariana |Pacific Ocean |11 22 N|142 36 E Trench)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Channel Islands_____________|Guernsey, Jersey_____________|49 20 N| 2 20 W Charlotte Amalie (capital)__|Virgin Islands_______________|18 21 N| 64 56 W Chatham Islands_____________|New Zealand__________________|44 00 S|176 30 W Chechnya (Chechnia) (region)|Russia_______________________|43 15 N| 45 40 E Cheju Strait________________|Pacific Ocean________________|34 00 N|126 30 E Cheju-do (island)___________|Korea, South_________________|33 20 N|126 30 E Chennai (Madras) (city)_____|India________________________|13 04 N| 80 16 E Chesterfield Islands (Iles |New Caledonia |19 52 S|158 15 E Chesterfield)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Chihli, Gulf of (see Bo Hai)|Pacific Ocean________________|38 30 N|120 00 E Chiloe (island)_____________|Chile________________________|42 50 S| 74 00 W China, People's Republic of |China________________________|35 00 N|105 00 E China, Republic of__________|Taiwan_______________________|23 30 N|105 00 E Chisinau (capital)__________|Moldova______________________|47 00 N| 28 50 E Choiseul (island)___________|Solomon Islands______________| 7 05 S|121 00 E Chosen (local name for North|North Korea |40 00 N|127 00 E Korea)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Christmas Island (Indian |Australia |10 25 S|105 39 E Ocean)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Christmas Island |Kiribati | 1 52 N|157 20 W (Kiritimati) (Pacific Ocean)|_____________________________|_______|________ Chukchi Sea_________________|Arctic Ocean_________________|69 00 N|171 00 W Chuuk Islands (Truk Islands)|Federated States of | 7 25 N|151 47 W ____________________________|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Cilicia (region)____________|Turkey_______________________|36 50 N| 34 30 E Ciskei (enclave)____________|South Africa_________________|33 00 S| 27 00 E Citta del Vaticano (local |Holy See |41 54 N| 12 27 E name for Vatican City)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Cochin China (region)_______|Vietnam______________________|11 00 N|107 00 E Coco, Isla del (island)_____|Costa Rica___________________| 5 32 N| 87 04 W Cocos Islands_______________|Cocos (Keeling) Islands______|12 30 S| 96 50 E Colombo (capital)___________|Sri Lanka____________________| 6 56 N| 79 51 E Colon, Archipielago de |Ecuador | 0 00 N| 90 30 W (Galapagos Islands)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Commander Islands |Russia |55 00 N|167 00 E (Komandorskiye Ostrova)_____|_____________________________|_______|________ Comores (local name for |Comoros |12 10 S| 44 15 E Comoros)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Con Son (islands)___________|Vietnam______________________| 8 43 N|106 36 E Conakry (capital)___________|Guinea_______________________| 9 31 N| 13 43 W Confederatio Helvetica |Switzerland |47 00 N| 8 00 E (local name for Switzerland)|_____________________________|_______|________ Congo (Brazzaville) (former |Republic of the Congo | 1 00 S| 15 00 E name for Republic of the | | | Congo)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Congo (Leopoldville) (former|Democratic Republic of the | 0 00 N| 25 00 E name for the Democratic |Congo | | Republic of the Congo)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Constantinople (city; former|Turkey |41 01 N| 28 58 E name for Istanbul)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ Cook Strait_________________|Pacific Ocean________________|41 15 S|174 30 E Copenhagen (capital)________|Denmark______________________|55 40 N| 12 35 E Coral Sea___________________|Pacific Ocean________________|15 00 S|150 00 E Corfu (island)______________|Greece_______________________|39 40 N| 19 45 E Corinth (region)____________|Greece_______________________|37 56 N| 22 56 E Corisco (island)____________|Equatorial Guinea____________| 0 55 N| 9 19 E Corn Islands (Islas del |Nicaragua |12 15 N| 83 00 W Maiz)_______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Corocoro Island_____________|Guyana, Venezuela____________| 3 38 N| 66 50 W Corsica (Corse) (island)____|France_______________________|42 00 N| 9 00 E Cosmoledo Group (Atoll de |Seychelles | 9 43 S| 47 35 E Cosmoledo) (island group)___|_____________________________|_______|________ Cotonou (capital)___________|Benin________________________| 6 21 N| 2 26 E Cotopaxi (volcano)__________|Ecuador______________________| 0 39 S| 78 26 W Courantyne River____________|Guyana, Suriname_____________| 5 57 N| 57 06 W Cozumel (island)____________|Mexico_______________________|20 30 N| 86 55 W Crete (island)______________|Greece_______________________|35 15 N| 24 45 E Crimea (region)_____________|Ukraine______________________|45 00 N| 34 00 E Crimean Peninsula___________|Ukraine______________________|45 00 N| 34 00 E Crooked Island Passage______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|22 55 N| 74 35 W Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet)|French Southern and Antarctic|46 30 S| 51 00 E ____________________________|Lands________________________|_______|________ Cyclades (island group)_____|Greece_______________________|37 00 N| 25 10 E Cyrenaica (region)__________|Libya________________________|31 00 N| 22 00 E Czechoslovakia (former name |Czech Republic, Slovakia |49 00 N| 18 00 E for the entity that | | | subsequently split into the | | | Czech Republic and Slovakia)|_____________________________|_______|________
___________________________________________________________________________ Dagestan (region)___________|Russia_______________________|43 00 N| 47 00 E Dahomey (former name for |Benin | 9 30 N| 2 15 E Benin)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Daito Islands_______________|Japan________________________|43 00 N| 17 00 E Dakar (capital)_____________|Senegal______________________|14 40 N| 17 26 W Dalmatia (region)___________|Croatia______________________|43 00 N| 17 00 E Daman (Damao) (city)________|India________________________|20 10 N| 73 00 E Damascus (capital)__________|Syria________________________|33 30 N| 36 18 E Danger Islands (see Pukapuka|Cook Islands |10 53 S|165 49 W Atoll)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Danish Straits______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|58 00 N| 11 00 E Danish West Indies ( former |Virgin Islands |18 20 N| 64 50 W name for the Virgin Islands)|_____________________________|_______|________ Danmark (local name)________|Denmark______________________|56 00 N| 10 00 E Danzig (city; former name |Poland |54 23 N| 18 40 E for Gdansk)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dao Bach Long Vi (island)___|Vietnam______________________|20 08 N|107 44 E Dar es Salaam (capital)_____|Tanzania_____________________| 6 48 S| 39 17 E Dardanelles (strait)________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|40 15 N| 26 25 E Davis Strait________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|67 00 N| 57 00 W Dead Sea____________________|Israel, Jordan, West Bank____|32 30 N| 35 30 E Deception Island____________|Antarctica___________________|62 56 S| 60 34 W Denmark Strait______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|67 00 N| 24 00 W D'Entrecasteaux Islands_____|Papua New Guinea_____________| 9 30 S|150 40 E Desolation Islands (Isles |French Southern and Antarctic|49 30 S| 69 30 E Kerguelen)__________________|Lands________________________|_______|________ Deutschland (local name for |Germany |51 00 N| 9 00 E Germany)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Devils Island (Ile du |French Guiana | 5 17 N| 52 35 W Diable)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Devon Island________________|Canada_______________________|76 00 N| 87 00 W Dhaka (capital)_____________|Bangladesh___________________|23 43 N| 90 25 E Dhivehi Raajje (local name |Maldives | 3 15 N| 73 00 E for Maldives)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dhofar (region)_____________|Oman_________________________|17 00 N| 54 10 E Diego Garcia (island) |British Indian Ocean | 7 20 S| 72 25 E ____________________________|Territory____________________|_______|________ Diego Ramirez (islands)_____|Chile________________________|56 30 S| 68 43 W Dilmun (former name for |Bahrain | 7 00 N| 81 00 E Bahrain)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Diomede Islands |Russia (Big Diomede), United |65 47 N|169 00 W ____________________________|States (Little Diomede)______|_______|________ Diu (region)________________|India________________________|20 42 N| 70 59 E Djibouti (capital)__________|Djibouti_____________________|11 30 N| 43 15 E Dnieper (river) |Belarus, Russia, Ukraine |46 30 N| 32 18 E ____________________________|(Dnyapro, Dnepr, Dnipro)_____|_______|________ Dniester (river) |Moldova, Ukraine (Nistru, |46 18 N| 30 17 E ____________________________|Dnister)_____________________|_______|________ Dobruja (region)____________|Bulgaria, Romania____________|43 30 N| 28 00 E Dodecanese (island group)___|Greece_______________________|36 00 N| 27 05 E Dodoma (city)_______________|Tanzania_____________________| 6 11 S| 35 45 E Doha (capital)______________|Qatar________________________|25 17 N| 51 32 E Donets Basin________________|Russia, Ukraine______________|48 15 N| 38 30 E Douala (city)_______________|Cameroon_____________________| 4 03 N| 9 42 E Douglas (capital)___________|Man, Isle of_________________|54 09 N| 4 28 W Dover, Strait of____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|51 00 N| 1 30 E Drake Passage |Atlantic Ocean, Southern |60 00 S| 60 00 W ____________________________|Ocean________________________|_______|________ Druk Yul (local name for |Bhutan |27 30 N| 90 30 E Bhutan)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dubai (city)________________|United Arab Emirates_________|25 18 N| 55 18 E Dubayy (see Dubai)__________|United Arab Emirates_________|25 18 N| 55 18 E Dublin (capital)____________|Ireland______________________|53 20 N| 6 15 W Dushanbe (capital)__________|Tajikistan___________________|38 35 N| 68 48 E Dutch Antilles (former name |Netherlands Antilles |52 05 N| 4 18 E for the Netherlands | | | Antilles)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dutch East Indies (former |Indonesia | 5 00 S|120 00 E name for Indonesia)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dutch Guiana (former name |Suriname | 4 00 N| 56 00 W for Suriname)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dutch West Indies (former |Netherlands Antilles |52 05 N| 4 18 E name for the Netherlands | | | Antilles)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Dzungarian Gate (valley)____|China, Kazakhstan____________|45 25 N| 82 25 E
___________________________________________________________________________ East China Sea______________|Pacific Ocean________________|30 00 N|126 00 E East Frisian Islands________|Germany______________________|53 44 N| 7 25 E East Germany (German |Germany |52 00 N| 13 00 E Democratic Republic) (former| | | name for eastern portion of | | | Germany)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ East Korea Strait (Eastern |Pacific Ocean |34 00 N|129 00 E Channel or Tsushima Strait) |_____________________________|_______|________ East Pakistan (former name |Bangladesh |24 00 N| 90 00 E for Bangladesh)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ East Siberian Sea___________|Arctic Ocean_________________|74 00 N|166 00 E Easter Island (Isla de |Chile |27 07 S|109 22 W Pascua)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Eastern Channel (East Korea |Pacific Ocean |34 00 N|129 00 E Strait or Tsushima Strait)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Eastern Samoa (former name |American Samoa |14 20 S|170 00 W for American Samoa)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Eesti (local name for |Estonia |59 00 N| 26 00 E Estonia)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Eire (local name for |Ireland |53 00 N| 8 00 W Ireland)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Elba (island)_______________|Italy________________________|42 46 N| 10 17 E Elemi Triangle (region) |Ethiopia (claimed), Kenya (de| 5 00 N| 35 30 E ____________________________|facto), Sudan (claimed)______|_______|________ Ellada (local name for |Greece |39 00 N| 22 00 E Greece)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ellas (local name for |Greece |39 00 N| 22 00 E Greece)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ellef Ringnes Island________|Canada_______________________|78 00 N|103 00 W Ellesmere Island____________|Canada_______________________|81 00 N| 80 00 W Ellice Islands______________|Tuvalu_______________________| 8 00 S|178 00 E Ellsworth Land (region)_____|Antarctica___________________|75 00 S| 92 00 W Elobey, Islas de (island |Equatorial Guinea | 0 59 N| 9 33 E group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Enderbury Island____________|Kiribati_____________________| 3 08 S|171 05 W Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok |Marshall Islands |11 30 N|162 15 E Atoll)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ England (region)____________|United Kingdom_______________|52 30 N| 1 30 W English Channel_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|50 20 N| 1 00 W Eniwetok Atoll (see Enewetak|Marshall Islands |11 30 N|162 15 E Atoll)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Eolie, Isole (island group) |Italy________________________|38 30 N| 15 00 E Epirus, Northern (region)___|Albania, Greece______________|40 00 N| 20 30 E Ertra (local name for |Eritrea |15 00 N| 39 00 E Eritrea)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Espana______________________|Spain________________________|40 00 N| 4 00 W Essequibo (region) (claimed |Guyana | 6 59 N| 58 23 W by Venezuela)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Etorofu (Iturup) (island)___|Russia (de facto)____________|44 55 N|147 40 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Farquhar Group (Atoll de |Seychelles |10 10 S| 51 10 E Farquhar) (island group)____|_____________________________|_______|________ Fergana Valley |Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, |41 00 N| 72 00 E ____________________________|Uzbekistan___________________|_______|________ Fernando de Noronha (island |Brazil | 3 51 S| 32 25 W group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Fernando Po (island) (see |Equatorial Guinea | 3 30 N| 8 42 E Bioko)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Filipinas (local name for |Philippines |13 00 N|122 00 E the Philippines)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Finland, Gulf of____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|60 00 N| 27 00 E Flores (island)_____________|Indonesia____________________| 8 45 S|121 00 E Flores Sea__________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 7 40 S|119 45 E Florida, Straits of_________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|25 00 N| 79 45 W Fongafale (capital)_________|Tuvalu_______________________| 8 30 S|179 12 E Former Soviet Union (FSU) |Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,| | |Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,| | |Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, | | |Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, | | |Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, | | ____________________________|Ukraine, Uzbekistan__________|_______|________ Formosa (island)____________|Taiwan_______________________|23 30 N|121 00 E Formosa Strait (see Taiwan |Pacific Ocean |24 00 N|119 00 E Strait)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Foroyar (local name for |Faroe Islands |62 00 N| 7 00 W Faroe Islands)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Fort-de-France (capital)____|Martinique___________________|14 36 N| 61 05 W Franz Josef Land (island |Russia |81 00 N| 55 00 E group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Freetown (capital)__________|Sierra Leone_________________| 8 30 N| 13 15 W French Cameroon (former name|Cameroon | 6 00 N| 12 00 E for Cameroon)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Guinea (former name |Guinea |11 00 N| 10 00 W for Guinea)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Indochina (former |Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam |15 00 N|107 00 E name for French possessions | | | in southeast Asia)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Morocco (former name |Morocco |32 00 N| 5 00 W for Morocco)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Somaliland (former |Djibouti |11 30 N| 43 00 W name for Djibouti)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Sudan (former name |Mali |17 00 N| 4 00 W for Mali)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ French Territory of the |Djibouti |11 30 N| 43 00 E Afars and Issas (FTAI) | | | (former name for Djibouti)__|_____________________________|_______|________ French Togoland (former name|Togo | 8 00 N| 1 10 E for Togo)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ French West Indies (former |Guadeloupe, Martinique |16 30 N| 62 00 W name for French possessions | | | in the West Indies)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Friendly Islands____________|Tonga________________________|20 00 S|175 00 W Frisian Islands_____________|Denmark, Germany, Netherlands|53 35 N| 6 40 E Frunze (city; former name |Kyrgyzstan |42 54 N| 74 36 E for Bishkek)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Funafuti (former name for |Tuvalu | 8 30 S|179 12 E Fongafale)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Fundy, Bay of_______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|45 00 N| 66 00 W Futuna Islands (Hoorn |Wallis and Futuna |14 19 S|178 05 W Islands/Iles de Horne)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Fyn (island)________________|Denmark______________________|55 20 N| 10 25 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Gaborone (capital)____________|Botswana___________________|24 45 S| 25 55 E Galapagos Islands |Ecuador | 0 00 N| 90 30 W (Archipielago de Colon)_______|___________________________|_______|________ Galicia (region)______________|Poland, Ukraine____________|49 30 N| 23 00 E Galicia (region)______________|Spain______________________|42 45 N| 8 10 E Galilee (region)______________|Israel_____________________|32 54 N| 35 20 E Galleons Passage______________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|11 00 N| 60 55 W Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier)|French Polynesia___________|23 09 S|134 58 W Gaspar Strait_________________|Pacific Ocean______________| 3 00 S|107 00 E Gdansk (Danzig) (city)________|Poland_____________________|54 23 N| 18 40 E Geneva (city)_________________|Switzerland________________|46 12 N| 6 10 E Genoa (city)__________________|Italy______________________|44 25 N| 8 57 E George Town (capital)_________|Cayman Islands_____________|19 20 N| 81 23 W George Town (city)____________|Malaysia___________________| 5 26 N|100 16 E George Town (city)____________|The Bahamas________________|23 30 N| 75 46 W Georgetown (capital)__________|Guyana_____________________| 6 48 N| 58 10 W Georgetown (city)_____________|The Gambia_________________|13 30 N| 14 47 W German Democratic Republic |Germany |52 00 N| 13 00 E (East Germany) (former name | | | for eastern portion of | | | Germany)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ German Southwest Africa |Namibia |22 00 S| 17 00 E (former name for Namibia)_____|___________________________|_______|________ Germany, Federal Republic of__|Germany____________________|51 00 N| 9 00 E Gibraltar (city, peninsula)___|Gibraltar__________________|36 11 N| 5 22 W Gibraltar, Strait of__________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|35 57 N| 5 36 W Gidi Pass_____________________|Egypt______________________|30 13 N| 33 09 E Gilbert Islands_______________|Kiribati___________________| 1 25 N|173 00 E Goa (state)___________________|India______________________|14 20 N| 74 00 E Gobi (desert)_________________|China, Mongolia____________|42 30 N|107 00 E Godthab (Nuuk) (capital)______|Greenland__________________|64 11 N| 51 44 W Golan Heights (region)________|Syria______________________|33 00 N| 35 45 E Gold Coast (former name for |Ghana | 8 00 N| 2 00 W Ghana)________________________|___________________________|_______|________ Golfo San Jorge (gulf)________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|46 00 S| 66 00 W Golfo San Matias (gulf)_______|Atlantic Ocean_____________|41 30 S| 64 00 W Good Hope, Cape of____________|South Africa_______________|34 24 S| 18 30 E Goteborg (city)_______________|Sweden_____________________|57 43 N| 11 58 E Gotland (island)______________|Sweden_____________________|57 30 N| 18 33 E Gough Island__________________|Saint Helena_______________|40 10 S| 9 45 W Graham Land (region)__________|Antarctica_________________|65 00 S| 64 00 W Gran Chaco (region)___________|Argentina, Paraguay________|24 00 S| 60 00 W Grand Bahama (island)_________|The Bahamas________________|26 40 N| 78 35 W Grand Banks (fishing ground)__|Atlantic Ocean_____________|47 06 N| 55 48 W Grand Cayman (island)_________|Cayman Islands_____________|19 20 N| 81 20 W Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) |Turks and Caicos Islands |21 28 N| 71 08 W (capital)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Great Australian Bight________|Indian Ocean_______________|35 00 S|130 00 E Great Belt (Store Baelt) |Atlantic Ocean |55 30 N| 11 00 E (strait)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Great Bitter Lake_____________|Egypt______________________|30 20 N| 32 23 E Great Britain (island)________|United Kingdom_____________|54 00 N| 2 00 W Great Channel_________________|Indian Ocean_______________| 6 25 N| 94 20 E Great Inagua (island)_________|The Bahamas________________|21 00 N| 73 20 W Great Rift Valley_____________|Ethiopia, Kenya____________| 0 30 N| 36 00 E Greater Sunda Islands_________|Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia| 2 00 S|110 00 E Green Islands_________________|Papua New Guinea___________| 4 30 S|154 10 E Greenland Sea_________________|Arctic Ocean_______________|79 00 N| 5 00 W Grenadines, Northern (island |Saint Vincent and the |13 15 N| 61 12 W group)________________________|Grenadines_________________|_______|________ Grenadines, Southern (island |Grenada |12 07 N| 61 40 W group)________________________|___________________________|_______|________ Grytviken (South Georgia) |South Georgia and the South|54 15 S| 36 45 W (town)________________________|Sandwich Islands___________|_______|________ Guadalcanal (island)__________|Solomon Islands____________| 9 32 S|160 12 E Guadalupe, Isla de (island)___|Mexico_____________________|29 11 N|118 17 W Guantanamo Bay (US Naval Base)|Cuba_______________________|20 00 N| 75 08 W Guatemala (capital)___________|Guatemala__________________|14 38 N| 90 31 W Guinea Ecuatorial (local name |Equatorial Guinea | 2 00 N| 10 00 E for Equatorial Guinea)________|___________________________|_______|________ Guinea, Gulf of_______________|Atlantic Ocean_____________| 3 00 N| 2 30 E Guine-Bissau (local name for |Guinea-Bissau |12 00 N| 15 00 W Guinea-Bissau)________________|___________________________|_______|________ Guinee (local name for Guinea)|Guinea_____________________|11 00 N| 10 00 W Guyane (Francaise) (local name|French Guiana | 4 00 N| 53 00 W for French Guiana)____________|___________________________|_______|________
___________________________________________________________________________ Ha'apai Group (island group) |Tonga_______________________|19 42 S|174 29 W Habomai Islands______________|Russia (de facto)___________|43 30 N|146 10 E Hadhramaut (region)__________|Yemen_______________________|15 00 N| 50 00 E Hagatna (Agana) (capital)____|Guam________________________|13 28 N|144 45 E Hague, The (seat of |Netherlands |52 05 N| 4 18 E government)__________________|____________________________|_______|________ Haifa (city)_________________|Israel______________________|32 50 N| 35 00 E Hainan Dao (island)__________|China_______________________|19 00 N|109 30 E Haiphong (city)______________|Vietnam_____________________|20 52 N|106 41 E Hala'ib Triangle (region) |Egypt (claimed), Sudan (de |22 30 N| 35 00 E _____________________________|facto)______________________|_______|________ Halmahera (island)___________|Indonesia___________________| 1 00 N|128 00 E Halmahera Sea________________|Pacific Ocean_______________| 0 30 S|129 00 E Hamilton (capital)___________|Bermuda_____________________|32 17 N| 64 46 W Han-guk (local name for South|South Korea |37 00 N|127 30 E Korea)_______________________|____________________________|_______|________ Hanoi (capital)______________|Vietnam_____________________|21 02 N|105 51 E Harare (capital)_____________|Zimbabwe____________________|17 50 S| 31 03 E Harvey Islands (former name |Cook Islands |21 14 S|159 46 W for Cook Islands)____________|____________________________|_______|________ Hatay (province)_____________|Turkey______________________|36 30 N| 36 15 E Havana (capital)_____________|Cuba________________________|23 08 N| 82 22 W Hawaii (island)______________|United States_______________|19 45 N|155 45 W Hawaiian Islands_____________|United States_______________|21 00 N|157 45 W Hawar (island)_______________|Bahrain_____________________|25 40 N| 50 47 E Hayastan (local name for |Armenia |40 00 N| 45 00 E Armenia)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Heard Island |Heard Island and McDonald |53 06 S| 73 30 E _____________________________|Islands_____________________|_______|________ Hejaz (region)_______________|Saudi Arabia________________|24 30 N| 38 30 E Helsinki (capital)___________|Finland_____________________|60 10 N| 24 58 E Herzegovina (political |Bosnia and Herzegovina |44 00 N| 18 00 E region)______________________|____________________________|_______|________ Hiiumaa (island)_____________|Estonia_____________________|58 50 N| 22 30 E Hispaniola (island)__________|Dominican Republic, Haiti___|18 45 N| 71 00 W Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)____|Vietnam_____________________|10 45 N|106 40 E Hokkaido (island)____________|Japan_______________________|44 00 N|143 00 E Holland (region)_____________|Netherlands_________________|52 30 N| 5 45 E Hong Kong (special |Hong Kong |22 15 N|114 10 E administrative region)_______|____________________________|_______|________ Honiara (capital)____________|Solomon Islands_____________| 9 26 S|159 57 E Honshu (island)______________|Japan_______________________|36 00 N|138 00 E Hormuz, Strait of____________|Indian Ocean________________|26 34 N| 56 15 E Horn of Africa (region) |Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,| 8 00 N| 48 00 E _____________________________|Somalia_____________________|_______|________ Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos)__|Chile_______________________|55 59 S| 67 16 W Horne, Iles de (island group)|Wallis and Futuna___________|14 19 S|178 05 W Hrvatska (local name for |Croatia |45 10 N| 15 30 E Croatia)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Hudson Bay___________________|Arctic Ocean________________|60 00 N| 86 00 W Hudson Strait________________|Arctic Ocean________________|62 00 N| 71 00 W Hunter Island________________|New Caledonia, Vanuatu______|22 24 S|172 06 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Iberian Peninsula______________|Portugal, Spain___________|40 00 N| 5 00 W Iceland Sea____________________|Arctic Ocean______________|68 00 N| 20 00 W Ifni (region; former name of |Morocco |29 22 N| 10 09 W part of Spanish West Africa)___|__________________________|_______|________ Inaccessible Island____________|Saint Helena______________|37 17 S| 12 40 W Indochina (region)_____________|Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam___|15 00 N|107 00 E Ingushetia (region)____________|Russia____________________|43 15 N| 45 00 E Inhambane (region)_____________|Mozambique________________|22 30 S| 34 30 E Inini (former name for French |French Guiana | 4 00 N| 53 00 W Guiana)________________________|__________________________|_______|________ Inland Sea_____________________|Japan_____________________|34 20 N|133 30 E Inner Hebrides (islands)_______|United Kingdom____________|56 30 N| 6 20 W Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) |China |42 00 N|113 00 E (region)_______________________|__________________________|_______|________ Ionian Islands_________________|Greece____________________|38 30 N| 20 30 E Ionian Sea_____________________|Atlantic Ocean____________|38 30 N| 18 00 E Irian Jaya (province)__________|Indonesia_________________| 5 00 S|138 00 E Irish Sea______________________|Atlantic Ocean____________|53 30 N| 5 20 W Iron Gate (river gorge)________|Romania, Yugoslavia_______|44 41 N| 22 31 E Iskenderun (Alexandretta) |Turkey |36 34 N| 36 08 E (region)_______________________|__________________________|_______|________ Islamabad (capital)____________|Pakistan__________________|33 42 N| 73 10 E Island (local name for Iceland)|Iceland___________________|65 00 N| 18 00 W Islas Malvinas (island group) |Falkland Islands (Islas |51 45 S| 59 00 W _______________________________|Malvinas)_________________|_______|________ Istanbul (city)________________|Turkey____________________|41 01 N| 28 58 E Istrian Peninsula______________|Croatia, Slovenia_________|45 00 N| 14 00 E Italia (local name for Italy)__|Italy_____________________|42 50 N| 12 50 E Italian East Africa (former |Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia| 8 00 N| 38 00 E name for Italian possessions in| | | eastern Africa)________________|__________________________|_______|________ Italian Somaliland (former name|Somalia |10 00 N| 49 00 E for southern Somalia)__________|__________________________|_______|________ Ittihad al-Imarat al-Arabiyah |United Arab Emirates |24 00 N| 54 00 E (local name for the United Arab| | | Emirates)______________________|__________________________|_______|________ Iturup (see Etorofu) (island)__|Russia (de facto)_________|44 55 N|147 40 E Ityop`iya (local name for |Ethiopia | 8 00 N| 38 00 E Ethiopia)______________________|__________________________|_______|________ Ivory Coast (former name for |Cote d'Ivoire | 8 00 N| 5 00 W Cote d`Ivoire)_________________|__________________________|_______|________ Iwo Jima (island)______________|Japan_____________________|24 47 N|141 20 E Izmir (region)_________________|Turkey____________________|38 25 N| 27 10 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Jakarta (capital)____________|Indonesia___________________| 6 10 S|106 48 E James Bay____________________|Arctic Ocean________________|54 00 N| 80 00 W Jamestown (capital)__________|Saint Helena________________|15 56 S| 5 44 W Jammu (city)_________________|India_______________________|32 42 N| 74 52 E Jammu and Kashmir (region)___|India, Pakistan_____________|34 00 N| 76 00 E Japan, Sea of________________|Pacific Ocean_______________|40 00 N|135 00 E Jars, Plain of_______________|Laos________________________|19 27 N|103 10 E Java (island)________________|Indonesia___________________| 7 30 S|110 00 E Java Sea_____________________|Pacific Ocean_______________| 5 00 S|110 00 E Jerusalem (capital, |Israel, West Bank |31 47 N| 35 14 E proclaimed)__________________|____________________________|_______|________ Jiddah (Jeddah) (city)_______|Saudi Arabia________________|21 30 N| 39 12 E Johannesburg (city)__________|South Africa________________|26 15 S| 28 00 E Joseph Bonaparte Gulf________|Pacific Ocean_______________|14 00 S|128 45 E Juan de Fuca, Strait of______|Pacific Ocean_______________|48 18 N|124 00 W Juan Fernandez, Islas de |Chile |33 00 S| 80 00 W (island group)_______________|____________________________|_______|________ Jubal, Strait of_____________|Indian Ocean________________|27 40 N| 33 55 E Judaea (region)______________|Israel, West Bank___________|31 35 N| 35 00 E Jugoslavia (local name for |Bosnia and Herzegovina, | | former Yugoslavia) |Croatia, The Former Yugoslav| | |Republic of Macedonia, | | _____________________________|Yugoslavia, Slovenia________|_______|________ Jutland (region)_____________|Denmark_____________________|56 00 N| 9 15 E Juventud, Isla de la (Isle of|Cuba |21 40 N| 82 50 W Youth)_______________________|____________________________|_______|________
___________________________________________________________________________ Kabardino-Balkaria (region) |Russia_______________________|43 30 N| 43 30 E Kabul (capital)_____________|Afghanistan__________________|34 31 N| 69 12 E Kaduna (city)_______________|Nigeria______________________|10 33 N| 7 27 E Kailas Range________________|China, India_________________|30 00 N| 82 00 E Kalaallit Nunaat (local name|Greenland |72 00 N| 40 00 W for Greenland)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kalahari (desert)___________|Botswana, Namibia____________|24 30 S| 21 00 E Kalimantan (region)_________|Indonesia____________________| 0 00 N|115 00 E Kaliningrad (region; |Russia |54 30 N| 21 00 E formerly part of East | | | Prussia)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kamaran (island)____________|Yemen________________________|15 21 N| 42 34 E Kamchatka Peninsula |Russia |56 00 N|160 00 E (Poluostrov Kamchatka)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Kampala (capital)___________|Uganda_______________________| 0 19 N| 32 25 E Kampuchea (former name for |Cambodia |13 00 N|105 00 E Cambodia)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kane Basin (portion of |Arctic Ocean |79 30 N| 68 00 W channel)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kanton Island_______________|Kiribati_____________________| 2 49 S|171 40 W Kara Sea____________________|Arctic Ocean_________________|76 00 N| 80 00 E Karachevo-Cherkessia |Russia |43 40 N| 41 50 E (region)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Karafuto (island; former |Russia |50 00 N|143 00 E name for southern Sakhalin | | | Island)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Karakoram Pass______________|China, India_________________|35 30 N| 77 50 E Karelia (region)____________|Finland, Russia______________|63 15 N| 30 48 E Karelian Isthmus____________|Russia_______________________|60 25 N| 30 00 E Karimata Strait_____________|Pacific Ocean________________| 2 05 S|108 40 E Kashmir (region)____________|India, Pakistan______________|34 00 N| 76 00 E Katanga (region) |Democratic Republic of the |10 00 S| 26 00 E ____________________________|Congo________________________|_______|________ Kathmandu (capital)_________|Nepal________________________|27 43 N| 85 19 E Kattegat (strait)___________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|57 00 N| 11 00 E Kauai Channel_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|21 45 N|158 50 W Kazakstan (former name for |Kazakhstan |48 00 N| 68 00 E Kazakhstan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Keeling Islands_____________|Cocos (Keeling) Islands______|12 30 S| 96 50 E Kerguelen, Iles (island |French Southern and Antarctic|49 30 S| 69 30 E group)______________________|Lands________________________|_______|________ Kermadec Islands____________|New Zealand__________________|29 50 S|178 15 W Kerulen River_______________|China, Mongolia______________|48 48 N|117 00 E Khabarovsk (city)___________|Russia_______________________|48 27 N|135 06 E Khanka, Lake________________|China, Russia________________|45 00 N|132 24 E Khartoum (capital)__________|Sudan________________________|15 36 N| 32 32 E Khios (island)______________|Greece_______________________|38 22 N| 26 04 E Khmer Republic (former name |Cambodia |13 00 N|105 00 E for Cambodia)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Khuriya Muriya Islands |Oman |17 30 N| 56 00 E (Kuria Muria Islands)_______|_____________________________|_______|________ Khyber Pass_________________|Afghanistan, Pakistan________|34 05 N| 71 10 E Kibris (Turkish local name |Cyprus |35 00 N| 33 00 E for Cyprus)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee |Atlantic Ocean |53 53 N| 9 08 E Kanal)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kiev (capital)______________|Ukraine______________________|50 26 N| 30 31 E Kigali (capital)____________|Rwanda_______________________| 1 57 S| 30 04 E Kingston (capital)__________|Jamaica______________________|18 00 N| 76 48 W Kingston (capital)__________|Norfolk Island_______________|29 03 S|167 58 E Kingstown (capital) |Saint Vincent and the |13 09 N| 61 14 W ____________________________|Grenadines___________________|_______|________ Kinshasa (capital) |Democratic Republic of the | 4 18 S| 15 18 E ____________________________|Congo________________________|_______|________ Kipros (Greek local name for|Cyprus |35 00 N| 33 00 E Cyprus)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kirghiziya (former name for |Kyrgyzstan |41 00 N| 75 00 E Kyrgyzstan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kirgizia (former name for |Kyrgyzstan |41 00 N| 75 00 E Kyrgyzstan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kirguizstan (local name for |Kyrgyzstan |41 00 N| 75 00 E Kyrgyzstan)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kiritimati (Christmas |Kiribati | 1 52 N|157 20 W Island)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kishinev (see Chisinau)_____|Moldova______________________|47 00 N| 28 50 E Kithira Strait______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|36 00 N| 23 00 E Kobe (city)_________________|Japan________________________|34 41 N|135 10 E Kodiak Island_______________|United States________________|57 49 N|152 23 W Kola Peninsula (Kol'skiy |Russia |67 20 N| 37 00 E Poluostrov)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kolonia (town; former |Federated States of | 6 58 N|158 13 E capital) (see Palikir)______|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Korea Bay___________________|Pacific Ocean________________|39 00 N|124 00 E Korea Strait________________|Pacific Ocean________________|34 00 N|129 00 E Korea, Democratic People's |North Korea |40 00 N|127 00 E Republic of_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Korea, Republic of__________|South Korea__________________|37 00 N|127 30 E Koror (capital)_____________|Palau________________________| 7 20 N|134 29 E Kosovo (region)_____________|Yugoslavia___________________|42 30 N| 21 00 E Kosrae (island) |Federated States of | 5 20 N|163 00 E ____________________________|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Kowloon (city)______________|Hong Kong____________________|22 18 N|114 10 E Kra, Isthmus of_____________|Burma, Thailand______________|10 20 N| 99 00 E Krakatoa (volcano)__________|Indonesia____________________| 6 07 S|105 24 E Kuala Lumpur (capital)______|Malaysia_____________________| 3 10 N|101 42 E Kunashiri (Kunashir) |Russia (de facto) |44 20 N|146 00 E (island)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Kunlun Mountains____________|China________________________|36 00 N| 84 00 E Kuril Islands_______________|Russia (de facto)____________|46 10 N|152 00 E Kuwait (capital)____________|Kuwait_______________________|29 20 N| 47 59 E Kuznetsk Basin______________|Russia_______________________|54 00 N| 86 00 E Kwajalein Atoll_____________|Marshall Islands_____________| 9 05 N|167 20 E Kyushu (island)_____________|Japan________________________|33 00 N|131 00 E Kyyiv (see Kiev)____________|Ukraine______________________|50 26 N| 30 31 E
___________________________________________________________________________ La Paz (capital)_____________|Bolivia_____________________|16 30 S| 68 09 W La Perouse Strait____________|Pacific Ocean_______________|45 45 N|142 00 E Labrador (peninsula, region) |Canada______________________|54 00 N| 62 00 W Labrador Sea_________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|60 00 N| 55 00 W Laccadive Islands____________|India_______________________|10 00 N| 73 00 E Laccadive Sea________________|Indian Ocean________________| 7 00 N| 76 00 E Lagos (capital)______________|Nigeria_____________________| 6 27 N| 3 24 E Lake Erie____________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|42 30 N| 81 00 W Lake Huron___________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|45 00 N| 83 00 W Lake Michigan________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|43 30 N| 87 30 W Lake Ontario_________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|43 30 N| 78 00 W Lake Superior________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|48 00 N| 88 00 W Lakshadweep (Laccadive |India |10 00 N| 73 00 E Islands)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Lantau Island________________|Hong Kong___________________|22 15 N|113 55 E Lao (local name for Laos)____|Laos________________________|18 00 N|105 00 E Laptev Sea___________________|Arctic Ocean________________|76 00 N|126 00 E Las Palmas (city)____________|Spain (Canary Islands)______|28 06 N| 15 24 W Latakia (region)_____________|Syria_______________________|36 00 N| 35 50 E Latvija (local name for |Latvia |57 00 N| 25 00 E Latvia)______________________|____________________________|_______|________ Lau Group (island group)_____|Fiji________________________|18 20 S|178 30 E Lefkosa (see Nicosia)________|Cyprus______________________|35 10 N| 33 22 E Lemnos (island)______________|Greece______________________|39 54 N| 25 21 E Leningrad (see Saint |Russia |59 55 N| 30 15 E Petersburg)__________________|____________________________|_______|________ Lesser Sunda Islands_________|Indonesia___________________| 9 00 S|120 00 E Lesvos (island)______________|Greece______________________|39 15 N| 26 15 E Leyte (island)_______________|Philippines_________________|10 50 N|124 50 E Liancourt Rocks (claimed by |South Korea |37 15 N|131 50 E Japan)_______________________|____________________________|_______|________ Liaodong Wan (gulf)__________|Pacific Ocean_______________|40 30 N|121 20 E Liban (local name for |Lebanon |33 50 N| 36 50 E Lebanon)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Libreville (capital)_________|Gabon_______________________| 0 23 N| 9 27 E Lietuva (local name for |Lithuania |56 00 N| 24 00 E Lithuania)___________________|____________________________|_______|________ Ligurian Sea_________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|43 30 N| 9 00 E Lilongwe (capital)___________|Malawi______________________|13 59 S| 33 44 E Lima (capital)_______________|Peru________________________|12 03 S| 77 03 W Lincoln Sea__________________|Arctic Ocean________________|83 00 N| 56 00 W Line Islands |Jarvis Island, Kingman Reef,| 0 05 N|157 00 W _____________________________|Kiribati, Palmyra Atoll_____|_______|________ Lion, Gulf of________________|Atlantic Ocean______________|43 20 N| 4 00 E Lisbon (capital)_____________|Portugal____________________|38 43 N| 9 08 W Little Belt (Lille Baelt) |Atlantic Ocean |55 05 N| 9 55 E (strait)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Ljubljana (capital)__________|Slovenia____________________|46 03 N| 14 31 E Llanos (region)______________|Venezuela___________________| 8 00 N| 68 00 W Lobamba (city)_______________|Swaziland___________________|26 27 S| 31 12 E Lombok (island)______________|Indonesia___________________| 8 28 S|116 40 E Lombok Strait________________|Indian Ocean________________| 8 30 S|115 50 E Lome (capital)_______________|Togo________________________| 6 08 N| 1 13 E London (capital)_____________|United Kingdom______________|51 30 N| 0 10 W Longyearbyen (town)__________|Svalbard____________________|78 13 N| 15 33 E Lord Howe Island_____________|Australia___________________|31 30 S|159 00 E Lorraine (region)____________|France______________________|48 42 N| 6 11 E Louisiade Archipelago________|Papua New Guinea____________|11 00 S|153 00 E Lourenco Marques (former name|Mozambique |25 56 S| 32 34 E for Maputo)__________________|____________________________|_______|________ Loyalty Islands (Iles |New Caledonia |21 00 S|167 00 E Loyaute)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Luanda (capital)_____________|Angola______________________| 8 48 S| 13 14 E Lubnan (local name for |Lebanon |33 50 N| 36 50 E Lebanon)_____________________|____________________________|_______|________ Lubumbashi (city) |Democratic Republic of the |11 40 S| 27 28 E _____________________________|Congo_______________________|_______|________ Lusaka (capital)_____________|Zambia______________________|15 25 S| 28 17 E Luxembourg (capital)_________|Luxembourg__________________|49 45 N| 6 10 E Luzon (island)_______________|Philippines_________________|16 00 N|121 00 E Luzon Strait_________________|Pacific Ocean_______________|20 30 N|121 00 E Lyakhov Islands______________|Russia______________________|73 45 N|138 00 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Macao_______________________|Macau________________________|22 10 N|113 33 E Macedonia |The Former Yugoslav Republic |41 50 N| 22 00 E ____________________________|of Macedonia_________________|_______|________ Macquarie Island____________|Australia____________________|30 07 S|147 24 E Madagasikara (local name for|Madagascar |20 00 S| 47 00 E Madagascar)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Maddalena, Isola____________|Italy________________________|41 13 N| 09 24 E Madeira Islands_____________|Portugal_____________________|32 40 N| 16 45 W Madras (see Chennai) (city) |India________________________|13 04 N| 80 16 E Madrid (capital)____________|Spain________________________|40 24 N| 3 41 W Magellan, Strait of_________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|54 00 S| 71 00 W Maghreb (region) |Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, |30 00 N| 5 00 E ____________________________|Morocco, Tunisia_____________|_______|________ Magreb (local name for |Morocco |32 00 N| 5 00 W Morocco)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Magyarorszag (local name for|Hungary |47 00 N| 20 00 E Hungary)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mahe Island_________________|Seychelles___________________| 4 41 S| 55 30 E Maiz, Islas del (Corn |Nicaragua |12 15 N| 83 00 W Islands)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Majorca Island (Isla de |Spain |39 30 N| 3 00 E Mallorca)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Majuro (capital)____________|Marshall Islands_____________| 7 05 N|171 08 E Makassar Strait_____________|Pacific Ocean________________| 2 00 S|117 30 E Makedonija (local name for |The Former Yugoslav Republic |41 50 N| 22 00 E Macedonia)__________________|of Macedonia_________________|_______|________ Malabo (capital)____________|Equatorial Guinea____________| 3 45 N| 8 47 E Malacca, Strait of__________|Indian Ocean_________________| 2 30 N|101 20 E Malagasy Republic___________|Madagascar___________________|20 00 S| 47 00 E Malay Archipelago |Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, | 2 30 N|120 00 E ____________________________|Papua New Guinea, Philippines|_______|________ Malay Peninsula_____________|Malaysia, Thailand___________| 7 10 N|100 35 E Male (capital)______________|Maldives_____________________| 4 10 N| 73 31 E Mallorca (Majorca) (island) |Spain________________________|39 30 N| 3 00 E Malmady (region)____________|Belgium______________________|50 26 N| 6 02 E Malpelo, Isla de (island)___|Colombia_____________________| 4 00 N| 90 30 W Malta Channel_______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|56 44 N| 26 53 E Malvinas, Islas (island |Falkland Islands (Islas |51 45 S| 59 00 W group)______________________|Malvinas)____________________|_______|________ Mamoutzou (capital)_________|Mayotte______________________|12 47 S| 45 14 E Managua (capital)___________|Nicaragua____________________|12 09 N| 86 17 W Manama (capital)____________|Bahrain______________________|26 13 N| 50 35 E Manchukuo (former state)____|China________________________|44 00 N|124 00 E Manchuria (region)__________|China________________________|44 00 N|124 00 E Manila (capital)____________|Philippines__________________|14 35 N|121 00 E Manipa Strait_______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 3 20 S|127 23 E Mannar, Gulf of_____________|Indian Ocean_________________| 8 30 N| 79 00 E Manua Islands_______________|American Samoa_______________|14 13 S|169 35 W Maputo (capital)____________|Mozambique___________________|25 58 S| 32 35 E Marcus Island (Minami-tori- |Japan |24 16 N|154 00 E shima)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Margarita, Isla (island)____|Venezuela____________________|10 00 N| 64 00 W Mariana Islands |Guam, Northern Mariana |16 00 N|145 30 E ____________________________|Islands______________________|_______|________ Marie Byrd Land (region)____|Antarctica___________________|77 00 S|130 00 W Marion Island_______________|South Africa_________________|46 51 S| 37 52 E Marmara, Sea of_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|40 40 N| 28 15 E Marquesas Islands (Iles |French Polynesia | 9 00 S|139 30 W Marquises)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Martin Vaz, Ilhas (island |Brazil |20 30 S| 28 51 W group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mas a Tierra (Robinson |Chile |33 38 S| 78 52 W Crusoe Island)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mascarene Islands___________|Mauritius, Reunion___________|21 00 S| 57 00 E Maseru (capital)____________|Lesotho______________________|29 28 S| 27 30 E Mata-Utu (capital)__________|Wallis and Futuna____________|13 57 S|171 56 W Matsu (island)______________|Taiwan_______________________|26 13 N|119 56 E Matthew Island______________|New Caledonia, Vanuatu_______|22 20 S|171 20 E Mauritanie (local name for |Mauritania |20 00 N| 12 00 W Mauritania)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mazatlan (city)_____________|Mexico_______________________|23 13 N|106 25 W Mbabane (capital)___________|Swaziland____________________|26 18 S| 31 06 E McDonald Islands |Heard Island and McDonald |53 06 S| 73 30 E ____________________________|Islands______________________|_______|________ Mecca (city)________________|Saudi Arabia_________________|21 27 N| 39 49 E Mediterranean Sea___________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|36 00 N| 15 00 E Melilla (exclave)___________|Spain________________________|35 19 N| 2 58 W Memel (region)______________|Lithuania____________________|55 43 N| 21 30 E Mesopotamia (region)________|Iraq_________________________|33 00 N| 44 00 E Messina, Strait of__________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|38 15 N| 15 35 E Mexico (capital)____________|Mexico_______________________|19 24 N| 99 09 W Mexico, Gulf of_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|25 00 N| 90 00 W Middle Congo (former name |Republic of the Congo | 1 00 S| 15 00 E for Republic of the Congo)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Milwaukee Deep (Puerto Rico |Atlantic Ocean |19 55 N| 65 27 W Trench)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Minami-tori-shima (Marcus |Japan |24 16 N|154 00 E Island)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mindanao (island)___________|Philippines__________________| 8 00 N|125 00 E Mindanao Sea________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 9 15 N|124 30 E Mindoro (island)____________|Philippines__________________|12 50 N|121 05 E Mindoro Strait______________|Pacific Ocean________________|12 20 N|120 40 E Mingrelia (region)__________|Georgia______________________|42 30 N| 41 52 E Minicoy Island______________|India________________________| 8 17 N| 73 02 E Minorca Island (Isla de |Spain |40 00 N| 4 00 E Menorca)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Minsk (capital)_____________|Belarus______________________|53 54 N| 27 34 E Misr (local name for Egypt) |Egypt________________________|27 00 N| 30 00 E Mitla Pass__________________|Egypt________________________|30 02 N| 32 54 E Mocambique (local name for |Mozambique |18 15 S| 35 00 E Mozambique)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Mogadishu (capital)_________|Somalia______________________| 2 04 N| 45 22 E Moldavia (region)___________|Moldova, Romania_____________|47 00 N| 29 00 E Molucca Sea_________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 2 00 N|127 00 E Moluccas (Spice Islands)____|Indonesia____________________| 2 00 S| 28 00 E Mombasa (city)______________|Kenya________________________| 4 03 S| 39 40 E Mona Passage________________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|18 30 N| 67 45 W Monaco (capital)____________|Monaco_______________________|43 44 N| 7 25 E Mongol Uls (local name for |Mongolia |46 00 N|105 00 E Mongolia)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Monrovia (capital)__________|Liberia______________________| 6 18 N| 10 47 W Montenegro (political |Yugoslavia |42 30 N| 19 00 E region)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Monterrey (city)____________|Mexico_______________________|25 40 N|100 19 W Montevideo (capital)________|Uruguay______________________|34 53 S| 56 11 W Montreal (city)_____________|Canada_______________________|45 31 N| 73 34 W Moravia (region)____________|Czech Republic_______________|49 30 N| 17 00 E Moravian Gate (pass)________|Czech Republic_______________|49 35 N| 17 50 E Moroni (capital)____________|Comoros______________________|11 41 S| 43 16 E Mortlock Islands (Nomoi |Federated States of | 5 30 N|153 40 E Islands)____________________|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Moscow (capital)____________|Russia_______________________|55 45 N| 37 35 E Mount Pinatubo (volcano)____|Philippines__________________|15 08 N|120 21 E Mozambique Channel__________|Indian Ocean_________________|19 00 S| 41 00 E Muritaniyah (local name for |Mauritania |20 00 N| 12 00 W Mauritania)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Musandam Peninsula__________|Oman, United Arab Emirates___|26 18 N| 56 24 E Muscat (capital)____________|Oman_________________________|23 37 N| 58 35 E Muscat and Oman (former name|Oman |21 00 N| 57 00 E for Oman))__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Myanma, Myanmar_____________|Burma________________________|22 00 N| 98 00 E
__________________________________________________________________________ Nagorno-Karabakh (region)_____|Azerbaijan_________________|40 00 N| 46 40 E Nairobi (capital)_____________|Kenya______________________| 1 17 S| 36 49 E Namib (desert)________________|Namibia____________________|24 00 S| 15 00 E Nampo-shoto (island group)____|Japan______________________|30 00 N|140 00 E Nassau (capital)______________|The Bahamas________________|25 05 N| 77 21 W Natal (region)________________|South Africa_______________|29 00 S| 30 25 E Natuna Besar Islands__________|Indonesia__________________| 3 30 N|102 30 E Natuna Sea____________________|Pacific Ocean______________| 3 30 N|108 00 E Naxcivan (region)_____________|Azerbaijan_________________|39 20 N| 45 20 E Naxos (island)________________|Greece_____________________|37 05 N| 25 30 E N'Djamena (capital)___________|Chad_______________________|12 07 N| 15 03 E Nederland (local name for the |Netherlands |52 30 N| 5 45 E Netherlands)__________________|___________________________|_______|________ Nederlandse Antillen (local |Netherlands Antilles |12 15 N| 68 45 W name for the Netherlands | | | Antilles)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Negev (region)________________|Israel_____________________|30 30 N| 34 55 E Negros (island)_______________|Philippines________________|10 00 N|123 00 E Nejd (region)_________________|Saudi Arabia_______________|24 05 N| 45 15 E Netherlands East Indies |Indonesia | 5 00 S|120 00 E (former name for Indonesia)___|___________________________|_______|________ Netherlands Guiana (former |Suriname | 4 00 N| 56 00 W name for Suriname)____________|___________________________|_______|________ Nevis (island)________________|Saint Kitts and Nevis______|17 09 N| 62 35 W New Britain (island)__________|Papua New Guinea___________| 6 00 S|150 00 E New Delhi (capital)___________|India______________________|28 36 N| 77 12 E New Guinea (island)___________|Indonesia, Papua New Guinea| 5 00 S|140 00 E New Hebrides (island group)___|Vanuatu____________________|16 00 S|167 00 E New Ireland (island)__________|Papua New Guinea___________| 3 20 N|152 00 E New Siberian Islands__________|Russia_____________________|75 00 N|142 00 E New Territories (mainland |Hong Kong |22 24 N|114 10 E region)_______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Newfoundland (island, with |Canada |52 00 N| 56 00 W mainland area, and a | | | province)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Niamey (capital)______________|Niger______________________|13 31 N| 2 07 E Nicobar Islands_______________|India______________________| 8 00 N| 93 30 E Nicosia (capital)_____________|Cyprus_____________________|35 10 N| 33 22 E Nightingale Island____________|Saint Helena_______________|37 25 S| 12 30 W Nihon (local name for Japan) |Japan______________________|36 00 N|138 00 E Nippon (local name for Japan) |Japan______________________|36 00 N|138 00 E Nomoi Islands (Mortlock |Federated States of | 5 30 N|153 40 E Islands)______________________|Micronesia_________________|_______|________ Norge (local name for Norway) |Norway_____________________|62 00 N| 10 00 E Norman Isles (Channel |Guernsey, Jersey |49 20 N| 2 20 W Islands)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ North Atlantic Ocean__________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|30 00 N| 45 00 W North Channel_________________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|55 10 N| 5 40 W North Frisian Islands_________|Denmark, Germany___________|54 50 N| 8 12 E North Greenland Sea___________|Arctic Ocean_______________|78 00 N| 5 00 W North Island__________________|New Zealand________________|39 00 S|176 00 E North Korea___________________|North Korea________________|40 00 N|127 00 E North Ossetia (region)________|Russia_____________________|43 00 N| 44 10 E North Pacific Ocean___________|Pacific Ocean______________|30 00 N|165 00 W North Sea_____________________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|56 00 N| 4 00 E North Vietnam (former name |Vietnam |23 00 N|106 00 E for northern portion of | | | Vietnam)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ North Yemen (Yemen Arab |Yemen |15 00 N| 44 00 E Republic)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Northeast Providence Channel |Atlantic Ocean_____________|25 40 N| 77 09 W Northern Cyprus (region)______|Cyprus_____________________|35 15 N| 33 44 E Northern Epirus (region)______|Albania, Greece____________|40 00 N| 20 30 E Northern Grenadines |Saint Vincent and the |12 45 N| 61 15 W (political region)____________|Grenadines_________________|_______|________ Northern Ireland______________|United Kingdom_____________|54 40 N| 6 45 W Northern Rhodesia (former |Zambia |15 00 S| 30 00 E name for Zambia)______________|___________________________|_______|________ Northwest Passages____________|Arctic Ocean_______________|74 40 N|100 00 W Northwest Territories |Canada |64 05 N|117 10 W (region)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Norwegian Sea_________________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|66 00 N| 6 00 E Nouakchott (capital)__________|Mauritania_________________|18 06 N| 15 57 W Noumea (capital)______________|New Caledonia______________|22 16 S|166 27 E Nouvelle-Caledonie (local |New Caledonia |21 30 S|165 30 E name for New Caledonia)_______|___________________________|_______|________ Nouvelles Hebrides (former |Vanuatu |16 00 S|167 00 E name for Vanuatu)_____________|___________________________|_______|________ Novaya Zemlya (islands)_______|Russia_____________________|74 00 N| 57 00 E Nubia (region)________________|Sudan, Egypt_______________|20 30 N| 33 00 E Nuku'alofa (capital)__________|Tonga______________________|21 08 S|175 12 W Nunavut (region)______________|Canada_____________________|72 00 N| 90 00 W Nuuk (Godthab) (capital)______|Greenland__________________|64 11 N| 51 44 W Nyasaland (former name for |Malawi |13 30 S| 34 00 E Malawi)_______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Nyassa (region)_______________|Mozambique_________________|13 30 S| 37 00 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Oahu (island)______________________|United States (Hawaii)|21 30 N|158 00 W Ocean Island (Banaba)______________|Kiribati______________| 0 52 S|169 35 E Ocean Island (Kure Island)_________|United States_________|28 25 N|178 20 W Oesterreich (local name for |Austria |47 20 N| 13 20 E Austria)___________________________|______________________|_______|________ Ogaden (region)____________________|Ethiopia, Somalia_____| 7 00 N| 46 00 E Oil Islands (Chagos |British Indian Ocean | 6 00 S| 71 30 E Archipelago)_______________________|Territory_____________|_______|________ Okhotsk, Sea of____________________|Pacific Ocean_________|53 00 N|150 00 E Okinawa (island group)_____________|Japan_________________|26 30 N|128 00 E Oland (island)_____________________|Sweden________________|56 45 N| 16 40 E Oman, Gulf of______________________|Indian Ocean__________|24 30 N| 58 30 E Ombai Strait_______________________|Pacific Ocean_________| 8 30 S|125 00 E Oran (city)________________________|Algeria_______________|35 43 N| 0 43 W Orange River Colony (region; |South Africa |28 20 S| 26 40 E former name of Free State | | | Province of South Africa)__________|______________________|_______|________ Oranjestad (capital)_______________|Aruba_________________|12 33 N| 70 06 W Oresund (The Sound) (strait)|Atlantic Ocean_______________|55 50 N| 12 40 E Orkney Islands_____________________|United Kingdom________|59 00 N| 3 00 W Oslo (capital)_____________________|Norway________________|59 55 N| 10 45 E Osumi Strait (Van Diemen |Pacific Ocean |31 00 N|131 00 E Strait)____________________________|______________________|_______|________ Otranto, Strait of_________________|Atlantic Ocean________|40 00 N| 19 00 E Ottawa (capital)___________________|Canada________________|45 20 N| 73 58 W Ouagadougou (capital)______________|Burkina Faso__________|12 22 N| 1 31 W Outer Hebrides (islands)___________|United Kingdom________|57 45 N| 7 00 W Outer Mongolia (region)____________|Mongolia______________|46 00 N|105 00 E
__________________________________________________________________________ Pacific Islands, Trust |Marshall Islands, Federated|10 00 N|155 00 E Territory of the |States of Micronesia, | | |Northern Mariana Islands, | | ______________________________|Palau______________________|_______|________ Pagan (island)________________|Northern Mariana Islands___|18 08 N|145 47 E Pago Pago (capital)___________|American Samoa_____________|14 16 S|170 42 W Palawan (island)______________|Philippines________________| 9 30 N|118 30 E Palermo (city)________________|Italy______________________|38 07 N| 13 21 E Palestine (region)____________|Israel, West Bank__________|32 00 N| 35 15 E Palikir (capital) |Federated States of | 6 55 N|158 08 E ______________________________|Micronesia_________________|_______|________ Palk Strait___________________|Indian Ocean_______________|10 00 N| 79 45 E Pamirs (mountains)____________|China, Tajikistan__________|38 00 N| 73 00 E Pampas (region)_______________|Argentina__________________|35 00 N| 63 00 W Panama (capital)______________|Panama_____________________| 8 58 N| 79 32 W Panama Canal__________________|Panama_____________________| 9 00 N| 79 45 W Panama, Gulf of_______________|Pacific Ocean______________| 8 00 N| 79 30 W Panay (island)________________|Philippines________________|11 15 N|122 30 E Pantelleria, Isola di |Italy |36 47 N| 12 00 E (island)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Papeete (capital)_____________|French Polynesia___________|17 32 S|149 34 W Paramaribo (capital)__________|Suriname___________________| 5 50 N| 55 10 W Parece Vela (island)__________|Japan______________________|20 20 N|136 00 E Paris (capital)_______________|France_____________________|48 52 N| 2 20 E Pascua, Isla de (Easter |Chile |27 07 S|109 22 W Island)_______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Pashtunistan (region)_________|Afghanistan, Pakistan______|32 00 N| 69 00 E Passion, Ile de la (island)___|Clipperton Island__________|10 17 N|109 13 W Patagonia (region)____________|Argentina__________________|48 00 S| 61 00 W Peking (see Beijing)__________|China______________________|39 56 N|116 24 E Pelagian Islands (Isole |Italy |35 40 N| 12 40 E Pelagie)______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Peleliu (Beliliou) (island)___|Palau______________________| 7 01 N|134 15 E Peloponnese (peninsula)_______|Greece_____________________|37 30 N| 22 25 E Pemba Island__________________|Tanzania___________________| 7 31 S| 39 25 E Penang Island_________________|Malaysia___________________| 5 23 N|100 15 E Pentland Firth (channel)______|Atlantic Ocean_____________|58 44 N| 3 13 W Perim (island)________________|Yemen______________________|12 39 N| 43 25 E Perouse Strait, La____________|Pacific Ocean______________|44 45 N|142 00 E Persia (former name for Iran) |Iran_______________________|32 00 N| 53 00 E Persian Gulf__________________|Indian Ocean_______________|27 00 N| 51 00 E Pescadores (islands)__________|Taiwan_____________________|23 30 N|119 30 E Peter I Island________________|Antarctica_________________|68 48 S| 90 35 W Philip Island_________________|Norfolk Island_____________|29 08 S|167 57 E Philippine Sea________________|Pacific Ocean______________|20 00 N|134 00 E Phnom Penh (capital)__________|Cambodia___________________|11 33 N|104 55 E Phoenix Islands_______________|Kiribati___________________| 3 30 S|172 00 W Pilipinas (local name for the |Philippines |13 00 N|122 00 E Philippines)__________________|___________________________|_______|________ Pinatubo, Mount (volcano)_____|Philippines________________|15 08 N|120 21 E Pines, Isle of (Isla de la |Cuba |21 40 N| 82 50 W Juventud) (island)____________|___________________________|_______|________ Pleasant Island_______________|Nauru______________________| 0 32 S|166 55 E Plymouth (capital)____________|Montserrat_________________|16 44 N| 62 14 W Polska (local name)___________|Poland_____________________|52 00 N| 20 00 E Polynesie Francaise (local |French Polynesia |15 00 S|140 00 W name for French Polynesia)____|___________________________|_______|________ Pomerania (region)____________|Germany, Poland____________|53 40 N| 15 35 E Ponape (Pohnpei) (island) |Federated States of | 6 55 N|158 15 E ______________________________|Micronesia_________________|_______|________ Port Louis (capital)__________|Mauritius__________________|20 10 S| 57 30 E Port Moresby (capital)________|Papua New Guinea___________| 9 30 S|147 10 E Port-au-Prince (capital)______|Haiti______________________|18 32 N| 72 20 W Port-of-Spain (capital)_______|Trinidad and Tobago________|10 39 N| 61 31 W Porto-Novo (capital)__________|Benin______________________| 6 29 N| 2 37 E Portuguese East Africa |Mozambique |18 15 S| 35 00 E (former name for Mozambique) |___________________________|_______|________ Portuguese Guinea (former |Guinea-Bissau |12 00 N| 15 00 W name for Guinea-Bissau)_______|___________________________|_______|________ Portuguese Timor (former name |Indonesia | 9 00 S|126 00 E for East Timor)_______________|___________________________|_______|________ Port-Vila (capital)___________|Vanuatu____________________|17 44 S|168 19 E Poznan (city)_________________|Poland_____________________|52 25 N| 16 55 E Prague (capital)______________|Czech Republic_____________|40 55 N| 21 00 E Praia (capital)_______________|Cape Verde_________________|14 55 N| 23 31 W Prathet Thai (local name for |Thailand |15 00 N|100 00 E Thailand)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Pretoria (capital)____________|South Africa_______________|25 45 S| 28 10 E Prevlaka peninsula____________|Croatia____________________|42 24 N| 18 31 E Pribilof Islands______________|United States______________|57 00 N|170 00 W Prince Edward Island__________|Canada_____________________|46 20 N| 63 20 W Prince Edward Islands_________|South Africa_______________|46 35 S| 38 00 E Prince Patrick Island_________|Canada_____________________|76 30 N|119 00 W Principe (island)_____________|Sao Tome and Principe______| 1 38 N| 7 25 E Prussia (region)______________|Germany, Poland, Russia____|53 00 N| 14 00 E Pukapuka Atoll________________|Cook Islands_______________|10 53 S|165 49 W Punjab (region)_______________|India, Pakistan____________|30 50 N| 73 30 E Puntland (region)_____________|Somalia____________________| 8 21 N| 49 08 E P'yongyang (capital)__________|North Korea________________|39 01 N|125 45 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Qazaqstan (local name for Kaz akhstan)__|Kazakhstan_______|48 00 N| 68 00 E Qita Ghazzah (local name Gaza Strip)___|Gaza Strip_______|31 25 N| 34 20 E Quebec (province)_______________________|Canada___________|52 00 N| 72 00 W Queen Charlotte Islands_________________|Canada___________|53 00 N|132 00 W Queen Elizabeth Islands_________________|Canada___________|78 00 N| 95 00 W Queen Maud Land (claimed by N orway)____|Antarctica_______|73 30 S| 12 00 E Quemoy (island)_________________________|Taiwan___________|24 27 N|118 23 E Quito (capital)_________________________|Ecuador__________| 0 13 S| 78 30 W
___________________________________________________________________________ Rabat (capital)_____________|Morocco______________________|34 02 N| 6 51 W Ralik Chain (island group)__|Marshall Islands_____________| 8 00 N|167 00 E Rangoon (Yangon) (capital)__|Burma________________________|16 47 N| 96 10 E Rapa Nui (Easter Island)____|Chile________________________|27 07 S|109 22 W Ratak Chain (island group)__|Marshall Islands_____________| 9 00 N|171 00 E Red Sea_____________________|Indian Ocean_________________|20 00 N| 38 00 E Redonda (island)____________|Antigua and Barbuda__________|16 55 N| 62 19 W Republica Dominicana (local |Dominican Republic |19 00 N| 70 40 W name for Dominican Republic)|_____________________________|_______|________ Republique Centrafricain |Central African Republic | 7 00 N| 21 00 E (local name for Central | | | African Republic)___________|_____________________________|_______|________ Republique Francaise (local |France |46 00 N| 2 00 E name for France)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Republique Gabonaise (local |Gabon | 1 00 S| 11 45 E name for Gabon)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Republique Rwandaise (local |Rwanda | 2 00 S| 30 00 E name for Rwanda)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Republique Togolaise (local |Togo | 8 00 N| 1 10 E name for Togo)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Revillagigedo Island________|United States (Alaska)_______|55 35 N|131 06 W Revillagigedo Islands_______|Mexico_______________________|19 00 N|112 45 W Reykjavik (capital)_________|Iceland______________________|19 00 N|111 30 W Rhodes (island)_____________|Greece_______________________|36 10 N| 28 00 E Rhodesia (region)___________|Zimbabwe_____________________|20 00 S| 30 00 E Rhodesia, Northern (former |Zambia |15 00 S| 30 00 E name for Zambia)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Rhodesia, Southern (former |Zimbabwe |20 00 S| 30 00 E name for Zimbabwe)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ Riga (capital)______________|Latvia_______________________|56 57 N| 24 06 E Riga, Gulf of_______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|57 30 N| 23 30 E Rio de la Plata (gulf)______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|35 00 S| 59 00 W Rio de Oro (region)_________|Western Sahara_______________|23 45 N| 15 45 W Rio Muni (mainland region)__|Equatorial Guinea____________| 1 30 N| 10 00 E Riyadh (capital)____________|Saudi Arabia_________________|24 38 N| 46 43 E Road Town (capital)_________|British Virgin Islands_______|18 27 N| 64 37 W Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas |Chile |33 38 S| 78 52 W a Tierra)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Rocas, Atol das (island)____|Brazil_______________________| 3 51 S| 33 49 W Rockall (island)____________|United Kingdom_______________|57 35 N| 13 48 W Rodrigues (island)__________|Mauritius____________________|19 42 S| 63 25 E Rome (capital)______________|Italy________________________|41 54 N| 12 29 E Roncador Cay (island)_______|Colombia_____________________|13 32 N| 80 03 W Roosevelt Island____________|Antarctica___________________|79 30 S|162 00 W Roseau (capital)____________|Dominica_____________________|15 18 N| 61 24 W Ross Dependency (claimed by |Antarctica |80 00 S|180 00 E New Zealand)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ross Island_________________|Antarctica___________________|81 30 S|175 00 W Ross Sea____________________|Antarctica, Southern Ocean___|76 00 S|175 00 W Rossiya (local name for |Russia |60 00 N|100 00 E Russia)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Rota (island)_______________|Northern Mariana Islands_____|14 10 N|145 12 E Rotuma (island)_____________|Fiji_________________________|12 30 S|177 30 E Ruanda (former name for |Rwanda | 2 00 S| 30 00 E Rwanda)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Rub al Khali (desert)_______|Saudi Arabia_________________|19 30 N| 49 00 E Rumelia (region) |Albania, Bulgaria, The Former|42 00 N| 22 30 E |Yugoslav Republic of | | ____________________________|Macedonia____________________|_______|________ Ruthenia (region; former |Ukraine |48 22 N| 23 32 E name for Carpatho-Ukraine)__|_____________________________|_______|________ Ryukyu Islands______________|Japan________________________|26 30 N|128 00 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Saar (region)_______________|Germany______________________|49 25 N| 7 00 E Saaremaa (island)___________|Estonia______________________|58 25 N| 22 30 E Saba (island)_______________|Netherlands Antilles_________|17 38 N| 63 10 W Sabah (state)_______________|Malaysia_____________________| 5 20 N|117 10 E Sable Island________________|Canada_______________________|43 55 N| 59 50 W Safety Islands (Iles du |French Guiana | 5 20 N| 52 37 W Salut)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sahara Occidental (former |Western Sahara |24 30 N| 13 00 W name for Western Sahara)____|_____________________________|_______|________ Sahel (region) |Burkina Faso, Chad, The |15 00 N| 8 00 W |Gambia, Guinea- Bissau, Mali,| | ____________________________|Mauritania, Niger, Senegal___|_______|________ Saigon (city; former name |Vietnam |10 45 N|106 40 E for Ho Chi Minh City)_______|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Barthelemy (Saint |Guadeloupe |17 55 N| 62 52 W Bart`s) (island)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Brandon (Cargados |Mauritius |16 25 S| 59 38 E Carajos Shoals)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Christopher (island)__|Saint Kitts and Nevis________|17 20 N| 62 45 W Saint Christopher and Nevis |Saint Kitts and Nevis________|17 20 N| 62 45 W Saint Eustatius (island)____|Netherlands Antilles_________|17 30 N| 63 00 W Saint George's (capital)____|Grenada______________________|12 03 N| 61 45 W Saint George's Channel______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|52 00 N| 6 00 W Saint Helens, Mount |United States |46 15 N|122 12 W (volcano)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Helier (capital)______|Jersey_______________________|49 12 N| 2 37 W Saint John (city)___________|Canada (New Brunswick)_______|45 16 N| 66 04 W Saint John's (capital)______|Antigua and Barbuda__________|17 06 N| 61 51 W Saint Lawrence Island_______|United States________________|49 30 N| 67 00 W Saint Lawrence Seaway_______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|49 15 N| 67 00 W Saint Lawrence, Gulf of_____|Atlantic Ocean_______________|48 00 N| 62 00 W Saint Paul Island___________|Canada_______________________|47 12 N| 60 09 W Saint Paul Island___________|United States________________|57 11 N|170 16 W Saint Paul Island (Ile |French Southern and Antarctic|38 43 S| 77 29 E Saint-Paul)_________________|Lands________________________|_______|________ Saint Peter and Saint Paul |Brazil | 0 23 N| 29 23 W Rocks (Penedos de Sao Pedro | | | e Sao Paulo)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Peter Port (capital)__|Guernsey_____________________|49 27 N| 2 32 W Saint Petersburg (city; |Russia |59 55 N| 30 15 E former capital)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint Thomas (island)_______|Virgin Islands_______________|18 21 N| 64 55 W Saint Vincent Passage_______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|13 30 N| 61 00 W Saint-Denis (capital)_______|Reunion______________________|20 52 S| 55 28 E Saint-Martin (Sint Maarten) |Guadeloupe |18 04 N| 63 04 W (island)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Saint-Pierre (capital)______|Saint Pierre and Miquelon____|46 46 N| 56 11 W Saipan (island)_____________|Northern Mariana Islands_____|15 12 N|145 45 E Sak`art`velo (local name for|Georgia |42 00 N| 43 30 E Georgia)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sakhalin Island (Ostrov |Russia |51 00 N|143 00 E Sakhalin)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sakishima Islands___________|Japan________________________|24 30 N|124 00 E Sala y Gomez, Isla (island) |Chile________________________|26 28 S|105 00 W Salisbury (city; former name|Zimbabwe |17 50 S|105 00 W for Harare)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Salzburg (city)_____________|Austria______________________|47 48 N| 13 02 E Samar (island)______________|Philippines__________________|12 00 N|125 00 E Samaria (region)____________|West Bank____________________|32 15 N| 35 10 E Samoa Islands_______________|American Samoa, Samoa________|14 00 S|171 00 W Samos (island)______________|Greece_______________________|37 48 N| 26 44 E San Ambrosio, Isla (island) |Chile________________________|26 21 S| 79 52 W San Andres y Providencia, |Colombia |13 00 N| 81 30 W Archipielago (island group) |_____________________________|_______|________ San Bernardino Strait_______|Pacific Ocean________________|12 32 N|124 10 E San Felix, Isla (island)____|Chile________________________|26 17 S| 80 05 W San Jose (capital)__________|Costa Rica___________________| 9 56 N| 84 05 W San Juan (capital)__________|Puerto Rico__________________|18 28 N| 66 07 W San Marino (capital)________|San Marino___________________|43 56 N| 12 25 E San Salvador (capital)______|El Salvador__________________|13 42 N| 89 12 W Sanaa (capital)_____________|Yemen________________________|15 21 N| 44 12 E Sandzak (region)____________|Yugoslavia___________________|43 05 N| 19 45 E Santa Cruz (city)___________|Bolivia______________________|17 48 S| 63 10 W Santa Cruz Islands__________|Solomon Islands______________|11 00 S|166 15 E Santa Sede (local name for |Holy See |41 54 N| 12 27 E the Holy See)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Santiago (capital)__________|Chile________________________|33 27 S| 70 40 W Santo Antao (island)________|Cape Verde___________________|17 05 N| 25 10 W Santo Domingo (capital)_____|Dominican Republic___________|18 28 N| 69 54 W Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, |Brazil | 0 23 N| 29 23 W Penedos de (rocks)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sao Tiago (island)__________|Cape Verde___________________|15 05 N| 23 40 W Sao Tome (island)___________|Sao Tome and Principe________| 0 12 N| 6 39 E Sapudi Strait_______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 7 05 S|114 10 E Sarajevo (capital)__________|Bosnia and Herzegovina_______|43 52 N| 18 25 E Sarawak (state)_____________|Malaysia_____________________| 2 30 N|113 30 E Sardinia (island)___________|Italy________________________|40 00 N| 9 00 E Sargasso Sea (region)_______|Atlantic Ocean_______________|30 00 N| 55 00 W Sark (island)_______________|Guernsey_____________________|49 26 N| 2 21 W Savage Island (former name |Niue |19 02 S|169 52 W for Niue)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Savu Sea____________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 9 30 S|122 00 E Saxony (region)_____________|Germany______________________|51 00 N| 13 00 E Schleswig-Holstein (region) |Germany______________________|54 31 N| 9 33 E Schweiz (local German name |Switzerland |47 00 N| 8 00 E for Switzerland)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Scopus, Mount_______________|Israel, West Bank____________|31 48 N| 35 14 E Scotia Sea |Atlantic Ocean, Southern |56 00 S| 40 00 W ____________________________|Ocean________________________|_______|________ Scotland (region)___________|United Kingdom_______________|57 00 N| 4 00 W Scott Island________________|Antarctica___________________|67 24 S|179 55 W Senegambia (region; former |The Gambia, Senegal |13 50 N| 15 25 W name of confederation of | | | Senegal and The Gambia)_____|_____________________________|_______|________ Senyavin Islands |Federated States of | 6 55 N|158 00 E ____________________________|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Seoul (capital)_____________|South Korea__________________|37 34 N|127 00 E Serbia and Montenegro_______|Yugoslavia___________________|43 00 N| 21 00 E Serendib (former name for |Sri Lanka | 7 00 N| 81 00 E Sri Lanka)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Serrana Bank (shoal)________|Colombia_____________________|14 25 N| 80 16 W Serranilla Bank (shoal)_____|Colombia_____________________|15 51 N| 79 46 W Settlement, The (capital)___|Christmas Island_____________|18 44 N| 64 19 W Severnaya Zemlya (Northland)|Russia |79 30 N| 98 00 E (island group)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Shaba (region) |Democratic Republic of the | 8 00 S| 27 00 E ____________________________|Congo________________________|_______|________ Shag Island |Heard Island and McDonald |53 00 S| 72 30 E ____________________________|Islands______________________|_______|________ Shag Rocks |South Georgia and the South |53 33 S| 42 02 W ____________________________|Sandwich Islands_____________|_______|________ Shetland Islands____________|United Kingdom_______________|60 30 N| 1 30 W Shikoku (island)____________|Japan________________________|33 45 N|133 30 E Shikotan (island)___________|Russia (de facto)____________|43 47 N|146 45 E Shqiperia (local name for |Albania |41 00 N| 20 00 E Albania)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Siam (former name for |Thailand |15 00 N|100 00 E Thailand)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Siberia (region)____________|Russia_______________________|60 00 N|100 00 E Sibutu Passage______________|Pacific Ocean________________| 4 50 N|119 35 E Sicily (island)_____________|Italy________________________|37 30 N| 14 00 E Sicily, Strait of___________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|37 20 N| 11 20 E Sidra, Gulf of______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|31 30 N| 18 00 E Sikkim (state)______________|India________________________|27 50 N| 88 30 E Silesia (region) |Czech Republic, Germany, |51 00 N| 17 00 E ____________________________|Poland_______________________|_______|________ Sinai Peninsula_____________|Egypt________________________|29 30 N| 34 00 E Singapore (capital)_________|Singapore____________________| 1 17 N|103 51 E Singapore Strait____________|Pacific Ocean________________| 1 15 N|104 00 E Sinkiang (Xinjiang) |China |42 00 N| 86 00 E (autonomous region)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sint Eustatius (island)_____|Netherlands Antilles_________|17 29 N| 62 58 W Sint Maarten (Saint-Martin) |Netherlands Antilles |18 04 N| 63 04 W (island)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sjaelland (island)__________|Denmark______________________|55 30 N| 12 00 E Skagerrak (strait)__________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|57 45 N| 9 00 E Skopje (capital) |The Former Yugoslav Republic |41 59 N| 21 26 E ____________________________|of Macedonia_________________|_______|________ Slavonia (region)___________|Croatia______________________|45 27 N| 18 00 E Slovenija (local name for |Slovenia |46 00 N| 15 00 E Slovenia)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Slovensko (local name for |Slovakia |48 40 N| 19 30 E Slovakia)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Smyrna (region; former name |Turkey |38 25 N| 27 10 E for Izmir)__________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Society Islands (Iles de la |French Polynesia |17 00 S|150 00 W Societe)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Socotra (island)____________|Yemen________________________|12 30 N| 54 00 E Sofia (capital)_____________|Bulgaria_____________________|42 41 N| 23 19 E Solomon Islands, northern___|Papua New Guinea_____________| 6 00 S|155 00 E Solomon Islands, southern___|Solomon Islands______________| 8 00 S|159 00 E Solomon Sea_________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 8 00 S|153 00 E Somaliland (region)_________|Somalia______________________| 9 30 N| 46 00 E Somers Islands (former name |Bermuda |32 20 N| 64 45 W for Bermuda)________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Songkhla (city)_____________|Thailand_____________________| 7 12 N|100 36 E Sound, The (Oresund) |Atlantic Ocean |55 50 N| 12 40 E (strait)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ South Atlantic Ocean________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|30 00 S| 15 00 W South China Sea_____________|Pacific Ocean________________|10 00 N|113 00 E South Georgia (island) |South Georgia and the South |54 15 S| 36 45 W ____________________________|Sandwich Islands_____________|_______|________ South Island________________|New Zealand__________________|43 00 S|171 00 E South Korea_________________|South Korea__________________|37 00 N|127 30 E South Orkney Islands________|Antarctica___________________|61 00 S| 45 00 W South Ossetia (region)______|Georgia______________________|42 20 N| 44 00 E South Pacific Ocean_________|Pacific Ocean________________|30 00 S|130 00 W South Sandwich Islands |South Georgia and the South |57 45 S| 26 30 W ____________________________|Sandwich Islands_____________|_______|________ South Shetland Islands______|Antarctica___________________|62 00 S| 59 00 W South Tyrol (region)________|Italy________________________|46 30 N| 10 30 E South Vietnam (former name |Vietnam |12 00 N|108 00 E for the southern portion of | | | Vietnam)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ South Yemen (People's |Yemen |14 00 N| 48 00 E Democratic Republic of | | | Yemen)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Southern Grenadines (island |Grenada |12 20 N| 61 30 W group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Southern Rhodesia (former |Zimbabwe |20 00 S| 30 00 E name for Zimbabwe)__________|_____________________________|_______|________ South-West Africa (former |Namibia |22 00 S| 17 00 E name for Namibia)___________|_____________________________|_______|________ Soviet Union (former name of|Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,| | a large Eurasian empire, |Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,| | roughly coequal with the |Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, | | former Russian Empire) |Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, | | |Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, | | ____________________________|Ukraine, Uzbekistan__________|_______|________ Spanish Guinea (former name |Equatorial Guinea | 2 00 N| 10 00 E for Equatorial Guinea)______|_____________________________|_______|________ Spanish Morocco (former name|Morocco |32 00 N| 7 00 W for northern Morocco)_______|_____________________________|_______|________ Spanish North Africa |Spain (Ceuta, Islas |35 15 N| 4 00 W (exclaves) |Chafarinas, Melilla, Penon de| | |Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de | | ____________________________|la Gomera)___________________|_______|________ Spanish Sahara (former name)|Western Sahara_______________|24 30 N| 13 00 W Spanish West Africa (former |Morocco, Western Sahara |25 00 N| 13 00 W name for Ifni and Spanish | | | Sahara)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Spice Islands (Moluccas)____|Indonesia____________________| 2 00 S| 28 00 E Spitsbergen (island)________|Svalbard_____________________|78 00 N| 20 00 E Srbija-Crna Gora (local name|Yugoslavia |44 00 N| 21 00 E for Serbia and Montenegro)__|_____________________________|_______|________ St. John`s (city)___________|Canada (Newfoundland)________|47 34 N| 52 43 W Stanley (capital) |Falkland Islands (Islas |51 42 S| 57 41 W ____________________________|Malvinas)____________________|_______|________ Stockholm (capital)_________|Sweden_______________________|59 20 N| 18 03 E Stuttgart (city)____________|Germany______________________|48 46 N| 9 11 E Sucre (city)________________|Bolivia______________________|19 02 S| 65 17 W Suez Canal__________________|Egypt________________________|29 55 N| 32 33 E Suez, Gulf of_______________|Indian Ocean_________________|28 10 N| 33 27 E Suisse (local French name |Switzerland |47 00 N| 8 00 E for Switzerland)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sulawesi (Celebes) (island) |Indonesia____________________| 2 00 S|121 00 E Sulawesi Sea________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 3 00 N|122 00 E Sulu Archipelago (island |Philippines | 6 00 N|121 00 E group)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sulu Sea____________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 8 00 N|120 00 E Sumatra (island)____________|Indonesia____________________| 0 00 N|102 00 E Sumba (island)______________|Indonesia____________________|10 00 S|120 00 E Sumba Strait________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 9 10 S|120 00 E Sumbawa (island)____________|Indonesia____________________| 8 30 S|118 00 E Sunda Islands (Soenda Isles)|Indonesia, Malaysia__________| 2 00 S|110 00 E Sunda Strait________________|Indian Ocean_________________| 6 00 S|105 45 E Suomi (local name for |Finland |64 00 N| 26 00 E Finland)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Surigao Strait______________|Pacific Ocean________________|10 15 N|125 23 E Surinam (former name for |Suriname | 4 00 N| 56 00 W Suriname)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Suriyah (local name for |Syria |35 00 N| 38 00 E Syria)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Surtsey (volcanic island)___|Iceland______________________|63 17 N| 20 40 W Suva (capital)______________|Fiji_________________________|18 08 S|178 25 E Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg) |Russia |56 50 N| 60 39 E (city)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Sverige (local name for |Sweden |62 00 N| 15 00 E Sweden)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Svizzera (local Italian name|Switzerland |47 00 N| 8 00 E for Switzerland)____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Swains Island_______________|American Samoa_______________|11 03 S|171 15 W Swan Islands________________|Honduras_____________________|17 25 S| 83 56 W
___________________________________________________________________________ Tadzhikistan (former name |Tadjikistan |39 00 N| 71 00 E for Tajikistan)_____________|_____________________________|_______|________ Tahiti (island)_____________|French Polynesia_____________|17 37 S|149 27 W Taipei (capital)____________|Taiwan_______________________|25 03 N|121 30 E Taiwan Strait_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|24 00 N|119 00 E Tallinn (capital)___________|Estonia______________________|59 25 N| 24 45 E Tanganyika (former name for |Tanzania | 6 00 S| 35 00 E the mainland portion of | | | Tanzania)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Tangier (city)______________|Morocco______________________|35 48 N| 5 45 W Tannu-Tuva (region)_________|Russia_______________________|51 25 N| 94 45 E Tarawa (island)_____________|Kiribati_____________________| 1 25 N|173 00 E Tartary, Gulf of____________|Pacific Ocean________________|50 00 N|141 00 E Tashkent (capital)__________|Uzbekistan___________________|41 20 N| 69 18 E Tasman Sea__________________|Pacific Ocean________________| 4 30 S|168 00 E Tasmania (island)___________|Australia____________________|43 00 S|147 00 E Tatar Strait________________|Pacific Ocean________________|50 00 N|141 00 E Taymyr Peninsula (Poluostrov|Russia |76 00 N|104 00 E Taymyr)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ T'bilisi (capital)__________|Georgia______________________|41 43 N| 44 49 E Tchad (local name for Chad) |Chad_________________________|15 00 N| 19 00 E Tegucigalpa (capital)_______|Honduras_____________________|14 06 N| 87 13 W Tehran (capital)____________|Iran_________________________|35 40 N| 51 26 E Tel Aviv (capital, de facto)|Israel_______________________|32 05 N| 34 48 E Teluk Bone (gulf)___________|Pacific Ocean________________| 4 00 S|120 45 E Teluk Tomini (gulf)_________|Pacific Ocean________________| 0 30 S|121 00 E Terre Adelie (Adelie Land) |Antarctica |66 30 S|139 00 E (claimed by France)_________|_____________________________|_______|________ Terres Australes et |French Southern and Antarctic|43 00 S| 67 00 E Antarctiques Francaises |Lands | | (local name for the French | | | Southern and Antarctic | | | Lands)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Thailand, Gulf of___________|Pacific Ocean________________|10 00 N|101 00 E Thimphu (capital)___________|Bhutan_______________________|27 28 N| 89 39 E Thuringia (region)__________|Germany______________________|51 00 N| 11 00 E Thurston Island_____________|Antarctica___________________|72 20 S| 99 00 W Tiberias, Lake______________|Israel_______________________|32 48 N| 35 35 E Tibet (Xizang) (autonomous |China |32 00 N| 90 00 E region)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Tibilisi (see T'bilisi)_____|Georgia______________________|41 43 N| 44 49 E Tien Shan (mountains)_______|China, Kyrgyzstan____________|42 00 N| 80 00 E Tierra del Fuego (island, |Argentina, Chile |54 00 S| 69 00 W island group)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Timor (island)______________|Indonesia____________________| 9 00 S|125 00 E Timor Leste (former name for|East Timor | 9 00 N|126 00 E East Timor)_________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Timor Sea___________________|Pacific Ocean________________|11 00 S|128 00 E Tinian (island)_____________|Northern Mariana Islands_____|15 00 N|145 38 E Tiran, Strait of____________|Indian Ocean_________________|28 00 N| 34 27 E Tirana (capital)____________|Albania______________________|41 20 N| 19 50 E Tirane (see Tirana)_________|Albania______________________|41 20 N| 19 50 E Tirol (region)______________|Austria, Italy_______________|47 00 N| 11 00 E Tobago (island)_____________|Trinidad and Tobago__________|11 15 N| 60 40 W Tokyo (capital)_____________|Japan________________________|35 42 N|139 46 E Tonkin, Gulf of_____________|Pacific Ocean________________|20 00 N|108 00 E Torres Strait_______________|Pacific Ocean________________|10 25 S|142 10 E Torshavn (capital)__________|Faroe Islands________________|62 01 N| 6 46 W Toshkent (see Tashkent)_____|Uzbekistan___________________|41 20 N| 69 18 E Transcarpathia (region; |Ukraine |48 22 N| 23 32 E alternate name for Carpatho-| | | Ukraine)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Transjordan (former name for|Jordan |31 00 N| 36 00 E Jordan)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Transkei (enclave)__________|South Africa_________________|32 15 S| 28 15 E Transvaal (region; former |South Africa |25 10 S| 29 25 E name for northeastern South | | | Africa)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Transylvania (region)_______|Romania______________________|46 30 N| 24 00 E Trindade, Ilha de (island)__|Brazil_______________________|20 31 S| 29 20 W Trinidad (island)___________|Trinidad and Tobago__________|10 22 N| 61 15 W Tripoli (capital)___________|Libya________________________|32 54 N| 13 11 E Tripoli (city)______________|Lebanon______________________|34 26 N| 35 51 E Tripolitania (region)_______|Libya________________________|31 00 N| 14 00 E Tristan da Cunha Group |Saint Helena |37 04 S| 12 19 W (island group)______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Trobriand Islands___________|Papua New Guinea_____________| 8 38 S|151 04 E Trucial Coast (former name |United Arab Emirates |24 00 N| 54 00 E for the United Arab | | | Emirates)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Trucial Oman (former name |United Arab Emirates |24 00 N| 54 00 E for the United Arab | | | Emirates)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Trucial States (former name |United Arab Emirates |24 00 N| 54 00 E for the United Arab | | | Emirates)___________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Truk Islands (former name |Federated States of | 7 25 N|151 47 E for the Chuuk Islands)______|Micronesia___________________|_______|________ Tsugaru Strait______________|Pacific Ocean________________|41 35 N|141 00 E Tuamotu Islands (Iles |French Polynesia |19 00 S|142 00 W Tuamotu)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Tubuai Islands (Iles Tubuai)|French Polynesia_____________|23 00 S|150 00 W Tunb al Kubra (island)______|Iran_________________________|26 14 N| 55 19 E Tunb as Sughra (island)_____|Iran_________________________|26 14 N| 55 09 E Tunis (capital)_____________|Tunisia______________________|36 48 N| 10 11 E Turin (city)________________|Italy________________________|45 04 N| 7 40 E Turkish Straits_____________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|40 40 N| 28 00 E Turkiye (local name for |Turkey |39 00 N| 35 00 E Turkey)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Turkmenia (former name for |Turkmenistan |40 00 N| 60 00 E Turkmenistan)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Turkmeniya (former name for |Turkmenistan |40 00 N| 60 00 E Turkmenistan)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Turks Island Passage________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|21 40 N| 71 00 W Tuscany (region)____________|Italy________________________|43 25 N| 11 00 E Tutuila (island)____________|American Samoa_______________|14 18 S|170 42 W Tyrol, South (region)_______|Italy________________________|46 30 N| 10 30 E Tyrrhenian Sea______________|Atlantic Ocean_______________|40 00 N| 12 00 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Ubangi-Shari (former name |Central African Republic | 6 38 N| 20 33 E for the Central African | | | Republic____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ukrayina (local name for |Ukraine |49 00 N| 32 00 E Ukraine)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ulaanbaatar (capital)_______|Mongolia_____________________|47 55 N|106 53 E Ullung-do (island)__________|South Korea__________________|37 29 N|130 52 E Ulster (region)_____________|Ireland, United Kingdom______|54 35 N| 7 00 W Uman (local name for Oman)__|Oman_________________________|21 00 N| 57 00 E Unimak Pass (strait)________|Pacific Ocean________________|54 20 N|164 50 W Union of Soviet Socialist |Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,| | Republics (USSR) (former |Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,| | name of a large Eurasian |Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, | | empire, roughly coequal with|Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, | | the former Russian Empire) |Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, | | ____________________________|Ukraine, Uzbekistan__________|_______|________ United Arab Republic (UAR) |Egypt, Syria | | (former name for a | | | federation between Egypt and| | | Syria)______________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Upper Volta (former name for|Burkina Faso |13 00 N| 2 00 W Burkina Faso)_______________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ural Mountains______________|Kazakhstan, Russia___________|60 00 N| 60 00 E Urdunn (local name for |Jordan |31 00 N| 36 00 E Jordan)_____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Urundi (former name for |Burundi | 3 30 S| 30 00 E Burundi)____________________|_____________________________|_______|________ Ussuri River________________|China, Russia________________|48 28 N|135 02 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Vaduz (capital)_____________________________|Liechtenstein|47 09 N| 9 31 E Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)____________________|Afghanistan__|37 00 N| 73 00 E Valletta (capital)__________________________|Malta________|35 54 N| 14 31 E Valley, The (capital)_______________________|Anguilla_____|18 13 N| 63 04 W Van Diemen Strait (Osumi Strait)____________|Pacific Ocean|31 00 N|131 00 E Vancouver Island____________________________|Canada_______|49 45 N|126 00 W Vatican City (capital)______________________|Holy See_____|41 54 N| 12 27 E Velez de la Gomera, Penon de (island)_______|Spain________|35 11 N| 4 18 W Venda (enclave)_____________________________|South Africa |23 00 S| 31 00 E Verde Island Passage________________________|Pacific Ocean|13 34 N|120 51 E Victoria (capital)__________________________|Seychelles___| 4 38 S| 55 27 E Victoria (city; former name of seaport city |Hong Kong |22 17 N|114 09 E in Hong Kong colony)________________________|_____________|_______|________ Victoria (island)___________________________|Canada_______|71 00 N|110 00 W Victoria Land (region)______________________|Antarctica___|72 00 S|155 00 E Vienna (capital)____________________________|Austria______|48 12 N| 16 22 E Vientiane (capital)_________________________|Laos_________|17 58 N|102 36 E Vilnius (capital)___________________________|Lithuania____|54 41 N| 25 19 E Viti Levu (island)__________________________|Fiji_________|18 00 S|178 00 E Vladivostok (city)__________________________|Russia_______|43 10 N|131 56 E Vojvodina (region)__________________________|Yugoslavia___|45 35 N| 20 00 E Volcano Islands_____________________________|Japan________|25 00 N|141 00 E Vostok Island_______________________________|Kiribati_____|10 06 S|152 23 W Vrangelya, Ostrov (Wrangel Island) _________|Russia_______|71 14 N|179 36 W
___________________________________________________________________________ Wake Atoll________________________|Wake Island____________|19 17 N|166 36 E Wakhan Corridor (see Vakhan)______|Afghanistan____________|37 00 N| 73 00 E Walachia (region)_________________|Romania________________|44 45 N| 26 05 E Wales (region)____________________|United Kingdom_________|52 30 N| 3 30 W Wallis Islands____________________|Wallis and Futuna______|13 17 S|176 10 W Walvis Bay (former exclave) (city)|Namibia________________|22 59 S| 14 31 E Warsaw (capital)__________________|Poland_________________|52 15 N| 21 00 E Washington, DC (capital)__________|United States__________|38 53 N| 77 02 W Weddell Sea_______________________|Southern Ocean_________|72 00 S| 45 00 W Wellington (capital)______________|New Zealand____________|41 28 S|174 51 E West Frisian Islands______________|Netherlands____________|53 26 N| 5 30 E West Germany (Federal Republic of |Germany |53 22 N| 5 20 E Germany) (former name for western | | | portion of Germany)_______________|_______________________|_______|________ West Island (capital)_____________|Cocos (Keeling) Islands|12 10 S| 96 55 E West Korea Strait (Western |Pacific Ocean |34 40 N|129 00 E Channel)__________________________|_______________________|_______|________ West Pakistan (former name for |Pakistan |30 00 N| 70 00 E western portion of Pakistan)______|_______________________|_______|________ West Siberian Plain_______________|Russia_________________|60 00 N| 75 00 E Western Channel (West Korea |Pacific Ocean |34 40 N|129 00 E Strait)___________________________|_______________________|_______|________ Western Samoa (former name for |Samoa |13 35 S|172 20 W Samoa)____________________________|_______________________|_______|________ Wetar Strait______________________|Pacific Ocean__________| 8 20 S|126 30 E White Sea_________________________|Arctic Ocean___________|65 30 N| 38 00 E Wilkes Land (region)______________|Antarctica_____________|71 00 S|120 00 E Willemstad (capital)______________|Netherlands Antilles___|12 06 N| 68 56 W Windhoek (capital)________________|Namibia________________|22 34 S| 17 06 E Windward Passage__________________|Atlantic Ocean_________|20 00 N| 73 50 W Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) |Russia_________________|71 14 N|179 36 W
___________________________________________________________________________ Xianggang (local name for Hong Kong) |Hong Kong|22 15 N|114 10 E
___________________________________________________________________________ Y`israel (local name for |Israel |31 30 N| 34 45 E Isreal)_______________________|___________________________|_______|________ Yaitopya (local name for |Ethiopia | 8 00 N| 38 00 E Ethiopia)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Yalu River____________________|China, North Korea_________|39 55 N|124 20 E Yamoussoukro (capital)________|Cote d'Ivoire______________| 6 49 N| 5 17 W Yangon (see Rangoon)__________|Burma______________________|16 47 N| 96 10 E Yaounde (capital)_____________|Cameroon___________________| 3 52 N| 11 31 E Yap Islands |Federated States of | 9 30 N|138 00 E ______________________________|Micronesia_________________|_______|________ Yaren (governmental center)___|Nauru______________________| 0 32 S|166 55 E Yekaterinburg (city; former |Russia |56 50 N| 60 39 E name for Sverdlovsk)__________|___________________________|_______|________ Yellow Sea____________________|Pacific Ocean______________|36 00 N|123 00 E Yemen (Aden) (People's |Yemen |14 00 N| 46 00 E Democratic Republic of Yemen) | | | (former name for southern | | | portion of Yemen)_____________|___________________________|_______|________ Yemen (Sanaa) (Yemen Arab |Yemen |15 00 N| 44 00 E Republic) (former name for | | | northern portion of Yemen)____|___________________________|_______|________ Yemen Arab Republic (former |Yemen |15 00 N| 44 00 E name for northern portion of | | | Yemen)________________________|___________________________|_______|________ Yemen, North (Yemen Arab |Yemen |15 00 N| 44 00 E Republic) (former name for | | | northern portion of Yemen)____|___________________________|_______|________ Yemen, People's Democratic |Yemen |14 00 N| 46 00 E Republic of (former name for | | | southern portion of Yemen)____|___________________________|_______|________ Yemen, South (People's |Yemen |14 00 N| 46 00 E Democratic Republic of Yemen) | | | (former name for southern | | | portion of Yemen)_____________|___________________________|_______|________ Yerevan (capital)_____________|Armenia____________________|40 11 N| 44 30 E Youth, Isle of (Isla de la |Cuba |21 40 N| 82 50 W Juventud)_____________________|___________________________|_______|________ Yucatan Channel_______________|Atlantic Ocean_____________|21 45 N| 85 45 W Yucatan Peninsula_____________|Mexico_____________________|19 30 N| 89 00 W Yugoslavia (former name for a |Bosnia and Herzegovina, | | confederation of states in |Croatia,The Former Yugoslav| | the western Balkan peninsula) |Republic of Macedonia, | | |Federal Republic of | | |Yugoslavia (Serbia and | | ______________________________|Montenegro), Slovenia______|_______|________
___________________________________________________________________________ Zagreb (capital)________________|Croatia__________________|45 48 N| 15 58 E Zaire (former name for the |Democratic Republic of |15 00 S| 30 00 E Democratic Republic of the |the Congo | | Congo)__________________________|_________________________|_______|________ Zakhalinskiy Zaliv (bay)________|Pacific Ocean____________|54 00 N|142 00 E Zaliv Shelikhova (bay)__________|Pacific Ocean____________|60 00 N|157 30 E Zambezia (region)_______________|Mozambique_______________|16 00 S| 37 00 E Zanzibar (island)_______________|Tanzania_________________| 6 10 S| 39 11 E Zhong Guo (local name for |China |35 00 N|105 00 E China)__________________________|_________________________|_______|________ Zhonghua (local name for China) |China____________________|35 00 N|105 00 E Zion, Mount (locale in |Israel, West Bank |31 46 N| 35 14 E Jerusalem)______________________|_________________________|_______|________ Zurich (city)___________________|Switzerland______________|47 23 N| 8 32 E