Chapter 2

Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Energy Agency (IEA)

address -- 2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France

telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 82 00

FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 99 88

established -- 15 November 1974

aim -- to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers; established by the OECD

members -- (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)

note -- formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)

established -- 5 May 1919

aim -- to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime

members -- (151) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members -- (13) Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Comoros, Cyprus, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kiribati, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

address -- 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA

telephone -- [1] (202) 477 1234

FAX -- [1] (202) 477 6391

established -- 25 May 1955

effective -- 20 July 1956

aim -- to support private enterprise in international economic development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate

members -- (161) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

address -- Via del Serafico 107, I-00142 Rome, Italy

telephone -- [39] (6) 54591

FAX -- [39] (6) 5043463

established -- NA November 1974

aim -- to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency

members -- (157)

Category I -- (21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

Category II -- (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela

Category III -- (124 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Investment Bank (IIB)

established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new charter

International Labor Organization (ILO)

address -- International Labor Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 799 61 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 798 86 85

established -- 11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946)

aim -- UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues

members -- (171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

note -- name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982

address -- 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, UK

telephone -- [44] (71) 735 7611

FAX -- [44] (71) 587 3210

established -- 17 March 1958

aim -- to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized agency

members -- (149) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire

associate members -- (2) Hong Kong, Macau

International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)

address -- 99 City Road, London EC1Y 1AX, UK

telephone -- [44] (71) 728 1000

FAX -- [44] (71) 728 1044

established -- 3 September 1976

effective -- 26 July 1979

aim -- to provide worldwide communications for maritime shipping and other applications

members -- (75) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Yugoslavia

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

address -- 700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, USA

telephone -- [1] (202) 623 7000

FAX -- [1] (202) 623 4661, 623 7491, 623 4662

established -- 22 July 1944

effective -- 27 December 1945

aim -- to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a UN specialized agency

members -- (179) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

note -- there are 194 National Olympic Committees of which 185 are recognized by the International Olympic Committee

address -- Chateau de Vidy, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (21) 621 61 11

FAX -- [41] (21) 621 62 16

established -- 23 June 1894

aim -- to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games: 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August); 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA); 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia (date NA)

National Olympic Committees -- (193 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazahkstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization ----- International Organization for Migration (IOM)

note -- established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989

address -- 17 route des Morillons, CP 71, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 717 91 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 798 61 50

established -- 5 December 1951

aim -- to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration

members -- (52) Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia

observers -- (44) Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Federation of Ethnic Communities' Council of Australia Inc., Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan International Friendship and Welfare Foundation, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, NZ, Niwano Peace Foundation, Partnership with the Children of the Third World, Presiding Bishop's Fund for World Relief/Episcopal Church, Refugee Council of Australia, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

address -- CP 56, 1 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 749 01 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 733 34 30

established -- NA February 1947

aim -- to promote the development of international standards

members -- (76 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

correspondent members -- (19) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Estonia, Hong Kong, Jordan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Nepal, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE

subscriber members -- (4) Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi, Grenada, Saint Lucia

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

address -- CICR, 19 Av de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 734 60 01

FAX -- [41] (22) 733 20 57

established -- NA 1928

aim -- to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime

National Societies -- (161 countries) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAR, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

address -- Place des Nations, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 730 51 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 733 72 56

established -- 9 December 1932

effective -- 1 January 1934

affiliated with the UN -- 15 November 1947

aim -- to deal with world telecommunications issues; UN specialized agency

members -- (184) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)

address -- INTELSAT, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008-3098, USA

telephone -- [1] (202) 944 6800

FAX -- [1] (202) 944 7860

established -- 20 August 1971

effective -- 12 February 1973

aim -- to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications satellite system

members -- (134) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

nonsignatory users -- (50) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Kiribati, North Korea, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Moldova, Mongolia, Nauru, Niue, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Tajikistan, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Western Samoa

Islamic Development Bank (IDB)

address -- P.O. Box 5925, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia

telephone -- [966] (2) 6361400

FAX -- [966] (2) 6366871

established -- 15 December 1973

aim -- to promote Islamic economic aid and social development

members -- (48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

Latin American Economic System (LAES)

note -- also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)

address -- SELA, Avda Francisco de Miranda, Torre Europa, piso 4, Chacaito, Apartado de Correos 17035, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela

telephone -- [58] (2) 905 5111

FAX -- [58] (2) 951 6953, 951 7246

established -- 17 October 1975

aim -- to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation

members -- (27) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela

Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)

note -- also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)

address -- Calle Cebollati 1461, Casilla de Correo 577, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay

telephone -- [598] (2) 40 11 21, 49 59 15

FAX -- [598] (2) 49 06 49

established -- 12 August 1980

effective -- 18 March 1981

aim -- to promote freer regional trade

members -- (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela

observers -- (16) Commission of the European Communities, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Italy, Nicaragua, Organization of American States, Panama, Portugal, Spain, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

League of Arab States (LAS)

see -- Arab League (AL)

League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)

see -- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)

least developed countries (LLDCs)

that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant economic growth, per capita GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries. The 42 LLDCs are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen

less developed countries (LDCs)

the bottom group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); mainly countries and dependent areas with low levels of output, living standards, and technology; per capita GDPs are generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group also includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes, areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped countries; the 172 LDCs are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

low-income countries

another term for those less developed countries with below-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)

London Suppliers Group

see -- Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)

Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (MERCOSUR)

see -- Southern Cone Common Market

middle-income countries

another term for those less developed countries with above-average per capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)

Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)

established -- April 1987

aim -- to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export of key missile technologies and equipment

members -- (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

Near Abroad

the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong national security interest

newly industrializing countries (NICs)

former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil

Nonaligned Movement (NAM)

address -- c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jalan Taman Pejambon 6, Jakarta PUSAT, Indonesia

established -- 1-6 September 1961

aim -- to establish political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs

members -- (110 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization

observers -- (19) Afro-Asian Solidarity Organization, Antigua and Barbuda, Arab League, Armenia, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, El Salvador, Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (New Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia, Organization of African Unity, Organization of the Islamic Conference, Papua New Guinea, Socialist Party of Puerto Rico, UN, Uruguay

guests -- (21) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Dominican Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

Nordic Council (NC)

address -- Tyrgatan 7, Box 19506, S-104 32 Stockholm, Sweden

telephone -- [46] (8) 453 47 00

FAX -- [46] (8) 411 75 36

established -- 16 March 1952

effective -- 12 February 1953

aim -- to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation

members -- (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden

observers -- the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)

address -- Fabiansgatan 34, PB 249 SF-00171 Helsinki, Finland

telephone -- [358] (0) 18001

FAX -- [358] (0) 1800309

established -- 4 December 1975

effective -- 1 June 1976

aim -- to promote economic cooperation and development

members -- (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden

North

a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs)

North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)

note -- an extension of NATO

address -- c/o NATO, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 728 41 11

FAX -- [32] (2) 728 45 79

established -- 8 November 1991

effective -- 20 December 1991

aim -- to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues

members -- (38) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan

observer -- (1) Finland

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

address -- B-110 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 728 41 11

FAX -- [32] (2) 728 45 79

established -- 17 September 1949

aim -- to promote mutual defense and cooperation

members -- (16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US

Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)

address -- Le Seine St. Germain, 12 bd des Iles, F-92130 Issy-les- Moulineaux, France

telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 10 10

FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 11 10

established -- NA 1958

aim -- to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with OECD

members -- (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)

note -- also known as the London Suppliers Group

address -- c/o IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

telephone -- [43] (1) 2360 2045

FAX -- [43] (1) 234564

established -- 1974

aim -- to establish guidelines for exports of technical information, processing equipment for uranium enrichment and nuclear materials to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability

members -- (28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

observers -- (2) Argentina, European Commission

Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)

see -- Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

address -- 2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France

telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 82 00

FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 85 00, 45 24 81 76

established -- 14 December 1960

effective -- 30 September 1961

aim -- to promote economic cooperation and development

members -- (25) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US

special member -- (1) EU

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

address -- P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

telephone -- [251] (1) 517700

FAX -- [251] (1) 512622

established -- 25 May 1963

aim -- to promote unity and cooperation among African states

members -- (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Organization of American States (OAS)

address -- corner of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA

telephone -- [1] (202) 458 3000 FAX [1] (202) 458 3967

established -- 30 April 1948

effective -- 13 December 1951

aim -- to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development

members -- (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

observers -- (31) Algeria, Angola, Austria, Belgium, Central American Parliament, Commission of the European Communities, Cyprus, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)

address -- POB 20501, Safat 13066, Kuwait

telephone -- [965] 5340713

FAX -- [965] 5340694

established -- 9 January 1968

aim -- to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry

members -- (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

address -- P.O. Box 179, The Morne, Castries, St. Lucia

telephone -- [1] (809) 452 2537

FAX -- [1] (809) 453 1628

established -- 18 June 1981

effective -- 4 July 1981

aim -- to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation

members -- (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

associate member -- (1) British Virgin Islands

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

address -- Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria

telephone -- [43] (1) 21 11 20

FAX -- [43] (1) 26 43 20

established -- 14 September 1960

aim -- to coordinate petroleum policies

members -- (12) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

address -- Kilo 6, Mecca Road, P.O. Box 178, Jeddah 21411, Saudi Arabia

telephone -- [966] (2) 680-0800

FAX -- [966] (2) 687-3568

established -- 22-25 September 1969

aim -- to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs

members -- (48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization

observers -- (3) Kazakhstan, Mozambique, "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"

Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

note -- formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)

address -- Thunovska 12, Mala Strana, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic

telephone -- [422] (2) 24311069

FAX -- [422] (2) 24310629

established -- 1 January 1995

aim -- to discuss issues of mutual concern and to review implementation of the Helsinki Agreement

members -- (53) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (suspended)

observer -- (1) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Paris Club

see -- Group of 10

Partnership for Peace (PFP)

established -- 10-11 January 1994

aim -- to expand and intensify political and military cooperation throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program under the auspices of NATO

members -- (24) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

address -- Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, NL-2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands

telephone -- [31] (70) 346 96 80

FAX -- [31] (70) 356 13 38

established -- 29 July 1899

aim -- to facilitate the settlement of international disputes

members -- (80) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire, Zimbabwe

Population Commission

address -- c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 754 1234

established -- 3 October 1946

aim -- to deal with population matters of importance to the UN, as part of Economic and Social Council organization

members -- (27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Rio Group (RG)

note -- formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December 1986

established -- NA 1988

aim -- to consult on regional Latin American issues

members -- (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note - Panama was expelled in 1988

Second World

another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies

Social Commission

see -- Commission for Social Development

socialist countries

in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note - the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries

South

a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

address -- P.O. Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal

telephone -- [977] (1) 221785, 221787, 221794

FAX -- [977] (1) 227033

established -- 8 December 1985

aim -- to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation

members -- (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka

South Pacific Commission (SPC)

address -- Anse Vata, BP D5 Noumea CEDEX, New Caledonia

telephone -- [687] 26 20 00 FAX [687] 26 38 18

established -- 6 February 1947

effective -- 29 July 1948

aim -- to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters

members -- (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa

South Pacific Forum (SPF)

address -- c/o forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road GPO Box 856, Suva, Fiji

telephone -- [679] 312 600, 303 106

FAX -- [679] 302 204

established -- 5 August 1971

aim -- to promote regional cooperation in political matters

members -- (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa

observer -- (1) Palau

South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)

address -- (see South Pacific Forum)

established -- NA 1981

aim -- to redress unequal trade relationship of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in Pacific region

members -- (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa

Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

address -- Director General, Trade and Industry, Private Bag X84, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

established -- 11 December 1969

aim -- to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters

members -- (9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

note -- evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)

address -- Private Bag 008, Gaborone, Botswana

telephone -- [267] (31) 51863, 51864, 51865

FAX -- [267] (31) 372848

established -- 17 August 1992

aim -- to promote regional economic development and integration

members -- (11) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)

address -- c/o Cancilleria de la Republica de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

established -- 26 March 1991

aim -- to increase regional economic cooperation

members -- (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay

Statistical Commission

address -- c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 21 June 1946

aim -- to deal with development and standardization of national statistics of interest to the UN, as part of the Economic and Social Council organization

members -- (24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

Third World

another term for the less developed countries; the term is fading from use;

see -- less developed countries (LDCs)

underdeveloped countries

refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above- average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)

undeveloped countries

refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)

Union Douaniere et Economique de l

'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)

see -- Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)

United Nations (UN)

address -- United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 26 June 1945

effective -- 24 October 1945

aim -- to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems

members -- (184 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members are represented in the General Assembly

observers -- (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization

United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)

note -- successor to original UNAVEM

address -- c/o United Nations, UNAVEM II, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 20 December 1988

aim -- to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (16) Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Zimbabwe

United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)

established -- 5 October 1993

aim -- to monitor ceasefire agreement, to support and provide safe conditions for displaced persons; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (17) Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Congo, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, Uruguay, Zimbabwe

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

note -- acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children's Emergency Fund

address -- UNICEF House, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 326 7000

established -- 11 December 1946

aim -- to help establish child health and welfare services

members -- (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

address -- Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34

FAX -- [41] (22) 907 00 57

established -- 30 December 1964

aim -- to promote international trade

members -- (187) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

address -- One United National Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 906 5788, 906 500 FAX [1] (212) 906 5365

established -- 22 November 1965

aim -- to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development

members -- (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)

address -- c/o UNDOF, P.O. Box 5368, Damascus, Syrian AR

established -- 31 May 1974

aim -- to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

address -- 7 place de Fontenoy, F-75700 Paris, France

telephone -- [33] (1) 45 68 10 00

FAX -- [33] (1) 45 67 16 90

established -- 16 November 1945

effective -- 4 November 1946

aim -- to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture

members -- (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members -- (3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

address -- One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 906 5000

FAX -- [1] (212) 826 2057

established -- 15 December 1972

aim -- to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters

members -- (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 4 March 1964

aim -- to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (8) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, UK

United Nations General Assembly

address -- see United Nations

established -- 26 June 1945

effective -- 24 October 1945

aim -- to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN

members -- (185) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

address -- Vienna International Center, P.O. Box 300, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

telephone -- [43] (1) 211 310

FAX -- [43] (1) 23 21 56

established -- 17 November 1966

effective -- 1 January 1967

aim -- UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members

members -- (166) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)

established -- 11 December 1963

aim -- to help the UN become more effective through training and research members (Board of Trustees) - (24) Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Libya, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, UK, US, Yugoslavia

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 19 March 1978

aim -- to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway, Poland

United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA telephone [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 9 April 1991

aim -- to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

address -- c/o OUSGSPA, Room 3853, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 4457

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 13 August 1948

aim -- to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay

United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)

established -- 23 September 1993

aim -- to assist in implementing the agreement to transfer power back into the civilian government; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (14) Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Canada, France, Indonesia, Madagascar, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, US, Venezuela

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)

established -- 22 September 1993

aim -- to assist in the implementation of the peace agreement; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (13) Austria, Bangladesh, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea- Bissau, India, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Slovakia, Uruguay

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 29 April 1991

aim -- to supervise the referendum in Western Sahara; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (27) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, US, Venezuela

United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 20 May 1991

aim -- to verify ceasefire arrangements and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil Police; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (14) Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Guyana, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela

United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 1993 for a period of six months

aim -- to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement reached 27 July 1993 and investigate reports of violations of that agreement; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (7) Bangladesh, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland

United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 1993 for six months

aim -- to monitor the Uganda/Rwanda border to verify that no military assistance reaches Rwanda across the border; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (8) Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Hungary, Netherlands, Senegal, Slovakia, Zimbabwe

United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

address -- Case postale 2500, Depot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 739 81 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 731 95 46

established -- 3 December 1949

effective -- 1 January 1951

aim -- to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems

members -- (47) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire

United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)

note -- supposed to shut down 31 January 1995

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 16 December 1992

aim -- to supervise the ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (27) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, US, Uruguay, Zambia

United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)

note -- UN peacekeepers left Somalia on 1 March 1995; some UN personnel remain in Somalia engaged in humanitarian work

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 24 April 1992

aim -- to facilitate an immediate cessation of hostilities, to maintain a ceasefire in order to promote a political settlement, and to provide urgent humanitarian assistance; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (14) Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, India, Ireland, Malaysia, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Zimbabwe

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

note -- acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities

address -- 220 E. 42nd Street, 19th Floor, Room DN-1901, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 297 5000

FAX -- [1] (212) 557 6416

established -- NA July 1967

aim -- to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with their population problems

members -- (52) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)

address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879

established -- 28 February 1992

aim -- to create conditions for peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the "Yugoslav" crisis; established by the UN Security Council

members -- (35) Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Venezuela

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near

East (UNRWA)

address -- Vienna International Center, P. O. Box 700, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

telephone -- [43] (1) 211 31, ext. 4530

FAX -- [43] (1) 230 7487

established -- 8 December 1949

aim -- to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees

members -- (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)

established -- 1 July 1964

aim -- to conduct research into the problems of economic development during different phases of economic growth

members -- no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 10 individual members

United Nations Secretariat

address -- see United Nations

established -- 26 June 1945

effective -- 24 October 1945

aim -- to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council

members -- the UN secretary general and staff

United Nations Security Council

address -- c/o United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234

FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718

established -- 26 June 1945

effective -- 24 October 1945

aim -- to maintain international peace and security

permanent members -- (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US

nonpermanent members -- (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly; Argentina (1994-95), Brazil (1993-94), Czech Republic (1994-95), Djibouti (1993-94), NZ (1993-94), Nigeria (1994-95), Oman (1994-95), Pakistan (1993-94), Rwanda (1994-95), Spain (1993-94)

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)

established by the UN Security Council on 28 February 1992 to contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace and to the holding of free elections; disbanded sometime after the UN-supervised election in May 1993; members were Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, UK, US, Uruguay

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

address -- Government House, P.O. Box 490, Jerusalem, Israel

telephone -- [972] (2) 734 223

established -- NA May 1948

aim -- to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan; initially established by the UN Security Council

members -- (19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, US

United Nations Trusteeship Council

established on 26 June 1945, effective on 24 October 1945, to supervise the administration of the 11 UN trust territories; members were China, France, Russia, UK, US; its mandate ended on 1 October 1994 when the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) became the Republic of Palau, a self-governing territory in free association with the US

United Nations University (UNU)

established -- 6 December 1973

aim -- to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars

members (associated institutes) -- (32) Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

address -- Bureau International de lUPU, Weltpoststrasse 4, CH-3000 Berne 15, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (31) 350 31 11

FAX -- [41] (31) 350 31 10

established -- 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947

effective -- 1 July 1948

aim -- to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized agency

members -- (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------ Warsaw Pact (WP) established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR; earlier members included East Germany and Albania

West African Development Bank (WADB)

note -- also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)

address -- BOAD, BP 1172, 68 av de la liberation, Lome, Togo

telephone -- [228] 21 59 06, 21 42 44, 21 01 13

FAX -- [228] 21 52 67, 21 72 69

established -- 14 November 1973

aim -- to promote regional economic development and integration

members -- (7) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

West African Economic Community (CEAO)

note -- acronym from Communaute Economique de lAfrique de lOuest established on 3 June 1972 to promote regional economic development; its members were Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal; it was disbanded in 1994

Western European Union (WEU)

address -- Rue de la Regence 4, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 500 44 11

FAX -- [32] (2) 511 35 19

established -- 23 October 1954

effective -- 6 May 1955

aim -- to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification

members -- (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK

associate members -- (3) Iceland, Norway, Turkey

associate partners -- (9) Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia

observers -- (2) Denmark, Ireland

World Bank

see -- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

World Bank Group

includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC)

World Confederation of Labor (WCL)

address -- Rue de Treves 33, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium

telephone -- [32] (2) 230 62 95

FAX -- [32] (2) 230 87 22

established -- 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968

aim -- to promote the trade union movement

members -- (99 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World Court

see -- International Court of Justice (ICJ)

World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)

address -- Branicka 112, Branik, CS-14700 Prague 4, Czech Republic

telephone -- [42] (2) 46 21 40

FAX -- [42] (2) 46 13 78

established -- 3 October 1945

aim -- to promote the trade union movement

members -- (116) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zimbabwe

World Food Council (WFC)

address -- c/o FAO, Via Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy

telephone -- [39] (6) 522821

FAX -- [39] (6) 574 5091

established -- 17 December 1974

aim -- to study world food problems and to recommend solutions; ECOSOC organization

members -- (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

World Food Program (WFP)

address -- Via Cristoforo Colombo 426, I-00145 Rome, Italy

telephone -- [39] (6) 522821

FAX -- [39] (6) 5123700, 5133537, 52282840

established -- 24 November 1961

aim -- to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization

members -- (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

World Health Organization (WHO)

address -- CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 791 21 11, 791 32 23

FAX -- [41] (22) 791 07 46

established -- 22 July 1946

effective -- 7 April 1948

aim -- UN specialized agency concerned with health matters

members -- (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niue, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members -- (2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

address -- 34 chemin des Colombettes, Case Postale 18, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 730 9111

FAX -- [41] (22) 733 5428

established -- 14 July 1967

effective -- 26 April 1970

aim -- to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific works; a UN specialized agency

members -- (147) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

address -- Case Postale 2300, 41 Av Giuseppe-Motta, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland

telephone -- [41] (22) 730 81 11

FAX -- [41] (22) 734 23 26

established -- 11 October 1947

effective -- 4 April 1951

aim -- to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a specialized UN agency

members -- (175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Caribbean Territories, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)

address -- Calle Capitan Haya 41, 28020 Madrid, Spain

telephone -- [34] (1) 571 06 28

FAX -- [34] (1) 571 37 33

established -- 2 January 1975

aim -- to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace

members -- (121) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

associate members -- (4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico

observer -- (1) Holy See

World Trade Organization (WTrO)

will be added in The World Factbook 1996

Zangger Committee (ZC)

established -- early 1970s

aim -- to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

members -- (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US

________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX D

Abbreviations for Selected International Environmental Agreements

A

Air Pollution -- Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol -- Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

B

Biodiversity -- Convention on Biological Diversity

C

Climate Change -- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

D

Desertification -- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

E

Endangered Species -- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Environmental Modification -- Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

H

Hazardous Wastes -- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

L

Law of the Sea -- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

M

Marine Dumping -- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter; note - also known as the London Convention

Marine Life Conservation -- Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

N

Nuclear Test Ban -- Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

O

Ozone Layer Protection -- Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

S

Ship Pollution -- Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

T

Tropical Timber 83 -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94 -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

W

Wetlands -- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat; note - also known as Ramsar

Whaling -- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

Note: Not all of the selected international environmental agreements have abbreviations.

________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX E

Selected International Environmental Agreements

Air Pollution

see -- Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%

Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

see -- Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

Antarctic Treaty

opened for signature -- 1 December 1959

entered into force -- 23 June 1961

objective -- to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes, such as, for international cooperation in scientific research, and that it does not become the scene or object of international discord

parties -- (42) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

note -- abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes

opened for signature -- 22 March 1989

entered into force -- 5 May 1992

objective -- to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate

parties -- (81) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Comoros, Cote dIvoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, European Union, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Zaire, Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (9) Afghanistan, Bolivia, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, Haiti, Thailand, United States, Venezuela

Biodiversity

see -- Convention on Biological Diversity

Convention on Biological Diversity

note -- abbreviated as Biodiversity

opened for signature -- 5 June 1992

entered into force -- 29 December 1993

objective -- to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity

parties -- (111) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (64) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Yemen, former Yugoslavia

Climate Change

see -- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

note -- abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation

opened for signature -- 29 April 1958

entered into force -- 20 March 1966

objective -- to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited

parties -- (37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (21) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (Canada signed on behalf of Taiwan), Tunisia, Uruguay

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution

opened for signature -- 13 November 1979

entered into force -- 16 March 1983

objective -- to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution

parties -- (39) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, former Yugoslavia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (2) Holy See, San Marino

Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

note -- abbreviated as Endangered Species

opened for signature -- 3 March 1973

entered into force -- 1 July 1975

objective -- to protect certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits

parties -- (130) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (5) Cambodia, Ireland, Kuwait, Lesotho, Vietnam

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)

note -- abbreviated as Marine Dumping

opened for signature -- 29 December 1972

entered into force -- 30 August 1975

objective -- to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention

parties -- (76) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, former Yugoslavia, Zaire

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

note -- abbreviated as Environmental Modification

opened for signature -- 10 December 1976

entered into force -- 5 October 1978

objective -- to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations

parties -- (63) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (17) Bolivia, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Zaire

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

note -- abbreviated as Wetlands

opened for signature -- 2 February 1971

entered into force -- 21 December 1975

objective -- to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value

parties -- (83) Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinadad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia, Zambia

Desertification

see -- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

Endangered Species

see -- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Environmental Modification

see -- Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

Hazardous Wastes

see -- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

note -- abbreviated as Whaling

opened for signature -- 2 December 1946

entered into force -- 10 November 1948

objective -- to protect all species of whales from overfishing; to establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future generations the great natural resources represented by whale stocks

parties -- (39) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Germany, Grenada, India, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands (Netherlands also extended the convention to Netherlands Antilles), New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles (withdrawing effective 30 June 1995), Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (1) Austria

former parties -- (10) Belize, Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, Iceland, Jamaica, Mauritius, Panama, Philippines, Uruguay

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

note -- abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83

opened for signature -- 18 November 1983

entered into force -- 1 April 1985; this agreement will expire when the International Tropical Timber Ageement, 1994 goes into force

objective -- to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources

parties -- (52) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote dIvoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Zaire

International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

note -- abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94

opened for signature -- 26 January 1994, but not yet in force

objective -- to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective

parties -- (3) Fiji, Japan, Liberia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (11) Cameroon, Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Norway, Panama, Peru, Togo, United States

Law of the Sea

see -- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

Marine Dumping

see -- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)

Marine Life Conservation

see -- Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

note -- abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection

opened for signature -- 16 September 1987

entered into force -- 1 January 1989

objective -- to protect the ozone layer by controling emissions of substances that deplete it

parties -- (148) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal (Portugal has also extended the protocol to Macau), Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (1) Morocco

Nuclear Test Ban

see -- Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

Ozone Layer Protection

see -- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

note -- abbreviated as Ship Pollution

opened for signature -- 17 February 1978

entered into force -- 2 October 1983

objective -- to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances

parties -- (91) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty

note -- abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

opened for signature -- 4 October 1991, but not yet in force

objective -- to enhance the protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems

parties -- (14) Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Ecuador, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (27) Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides

opened for signature -- 31 October 1988

entered into force -- 14 February 1991

objective -- to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes

parties -- (25) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (3) Belgium, Greece, Poland

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

opened for signature -- 18 November 1991, but not yet in force

objective -- to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects

parties -- (11) Austria, Finland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (12) Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, European Union, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Ukraine, United States

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94

opened for signature -- 14 June 1994, but not yet in force

objective -- to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes

parties -- (0)

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (28) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%

note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85

opened for signature -- 8 July 1985

entered into force -- 2 September 1987

objective -- to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993

parties -- (21) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine

Ship Pollution

see -- Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water

note -- abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban

opened for signature -- 5 August 1963

entered into force -- 10 October 1963

objective -- to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons

parties -- (125) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Western Samoa, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (11) Algeria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Haiti, Mali, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Vietnam

Tropical Timber 83

see -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983

Tropical Timber 94

see -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)

note -- abbreviated as Law of the Sea

opened for signature -- 10 December 1982

entered into force -- 16 November 1994

objective -- to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment

parties -- (72) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Paraguay, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (91) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Western Samoa

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa

note -- abbreviated as Desertification

opened for signature -- 14 October 1994, but not yet in force

objective -- to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements

parties -- (1) Mexico

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (104) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, European Union, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - some late changes not included under country entries

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

note -- abbreviated as Climate Change

opened for signature -- 9 May 1992

entered into force -- 21 March 1994

objective -- to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

parties -- (119) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvulu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (54) Afghanistan, Angola, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Panama, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Ukraine, Yemen, former Yugoslavia

Wetlands

see -- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)

Whaling

see -- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX F:

Weights and Measures

Mathematical Notation

Exponents immediately follow the ^ symbol throughout this appendix.

Mathematical Power Name

10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 one quintillion

10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000 one quadrillion

10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion

10^9 or 1,000,000,000 one billion

10^6 or 1,000,000 one million

10^3 or 1,000 one thousand

10^2 or 100 one hundred

10^1 or 10 ten

10^0 or 1 one

10-^1 or 0.1 one-tenth

10-^2 or 0.01 one-hundredth

10-^3 or 0.001 one-thousandth

10-^6 or 0.000 001 one-millionth

10-^9 or 0.000 000 001 one-billionth

10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001 one-trillionth

10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001 one-quadrillionth

10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 00 one-quintillionth

Metric Interrelationships

Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers).

Prefix Symbol Length, weight, or capacity Area Volume

exa E 10^18 10^36 10^54

peta P 10^15 10^30 10^45

tera T 10^12 10^24 10^36

giga G 10^9 10^18 10^27

mega M 10^6 10^12 10^18

hectokilo hk 10^5 10^10 10^15

myria ma 10^4 10^8 10^12

kilo k 10^3 10^6 10^9

hecto h 10^2 10^4 10^6

basic unit - 1 meter, 1 meter^2 1 meter^3 1 gram, 1 liter

deci d 10-^1 10-^2 10-^3

centi c 10-^2 10-^4 10-^6

milli m 10-^3 10-^6 10-^9

decimilli dm 10-^4 10-^8 10-^12

centimilli cm 10-^5 10-^10 10-^15

micro u 10-^6 10-^12 10-^18

nano n 10-^9 10-^18 10-^27

pico p 10-^12 10-^24 10-^36

femto f 10-^15 10-^30 10-^45

atto a 10-^18 10-^36 10-^54

Equivalents

Units Metric Equivalent US Equivalent

acre 0.404 685 64 hectares 43,560 feet^2

acre 4,046,856 4 meters^2 4,840 yards^2

acre 0.004 046 856 4 0.001 562 5 miles^2, kilometers^2 statute

are 100 meters^2 119.599 yards^2

barrel (petroleum, US) 158.987 29 liters 42 gallons

(proof spirits, US) 151.416 47 liters 40 gallons

(beer, US) 117.347 77 liters 31 gallons

bushel 35.239 07 liters 4 pecks

cable 219.456 meters 120 fathoms

chain (surveyor's) 20.116 8 meters 66 feet

cord (wood) 3.624 556 meters^3 128 feet^3

cup 0.236 588 2 liters 8 ounces, liquid (US)

degrees, Celsius (water boils at 100 multiply by 1.8 and add 32 degrees C, freezes at to obtain degrees F 0 degrees C)

degrees, Fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide water boils at 212 degrees by 1.8 to obtain F, freezes at 32 degrees F) degrees C

dram, avdp. 1.771 845 2 grams 0.0625 5 ounces, avdp.

dram, troy 3.887 934 6 grams 0.125 ounces, troy

dram, liquid (US) 3.696 69 milliliters 0.125 ounces, liquid

fathom 1.828 8 meters 6 feet

foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches

foot 0.304 8 meters 0.333 333 3 yards

foot 0.000 304 8 kilometers 0.000 189 39 miles, statute

foot^2 929.030 4 centimeters^2 144 inches^2

foot^2 0.092 903 04 meters^2 0.111 111 1 yards^2

foot^3 28.316 846 592 liters 7.480 519 gallons

foot^3 0.028 316 847 meters^3 1,728 inches^3

furlong 201.168 meters 220 yards

gallon, liquid (US) 3.785 411 784 liters 4 quarts, liquid

gill (US) 118.294 118 milliliters 4 ounces, liquid

grain 64.798 91 milligrams 0.002 285 71 ounces, avdp.

gram 1,000 milligrams 0.035 273 96 ounces, avdp.

hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters 4 inches

hectare 10,000 meters^2 2.471 053 8 acres

hundredweight, long 50.802 345 kilograms 112 pounds, avdp.

hundredweight, short 45.359 237 kilograms 100 pounds, avdp.

inch 2.54 centimeters 0.083 333 33 feet

inch^2 6.451 6 centimeters^2 0.006 944 44 feet^2

inch^3 16.387 064 centimeters^3 0.000 578 7 feet^3

inch^3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.029 761 6 pints, dry

inch^3 16.387 064 milliliters 0.034 632 0 pints, liquid

kilogram 0.001 tons, metric 2.204 623 pounds, avdp.

kilometer 1,000 meters 0.621 371 19 miles, statute

kilometer^2 100 hectares 247.105 38 acres

kilometer^2 1,000,000 meters^2 0.386 102 16 miles^2, statute

knot (1 nautical 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour mi/hr)

league, nautical 5.556 kilometers 3 miles, nautical

league, statute 4.828.032 kilometers 3 miles, statute

link (surveyor's) 20.116 8 centimeters 7.92 inches

liter 0.001 meters^3 61.023 74 inches^3

liter 0.1 dekaliter 0.908 083 quarts, dry

liter 1,000 milliliters 1.056 688 quarts, liquid

meter 100 centimeters 1.093 613 yards

meter^2 10,000 centimeters^2 1.195 990 yards^2

meter^3 1,000 liters 1.307 951 yards^3

micron 0.000 001 meter 0.000 039 4 inches

mil 0.025 4 millimeters 0.001 inch

mile, nautical 1.852 kilometers 1.150 779 4 miles, statute

mile^2, nautical 3.429 904 kilometers^2 1.325 miles^2, statute

mile, statute 1.609 344 kilometers 5,280 feet or 8 furlongs

mile^2, statute 258.998 811 hectares 640 acres or 1 section

mile^2, statute 2.589 988 11 0.755 miles^2, nautical kilometers^2

minim (US) 0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid or one-sixtieth of a dram

ounce, avdp. 28.349 523 125 grams 437.5 grains

ounce, liquid (US) 29.573 53 milliliters 0.062 5 pints, liquid

ounce, troy 31.103 476 8 grams 480 grains

pace 76.2 centimeters 30 inches

peck 8.809 767 5 liters 8 quarts, dry

pennyweight 1.555 173 84 grams 24 grains

pint, dry (US) 0.550 610 47 liters 0.5 quarts, dry

pint, liquid (US) 0.473 176 473 liters 0.5 quarts, liquid

point (typographical) 0.351 459 8 millimeters 0.013 837 inches

pound, avdp 453.592 37 grams 16 ounces, avdp

pound, troy 373.241 721 6 grams 12 ounces, troy

quart, dry (US) 1.101 221 liters 2 pints, dry

quart, liquid (US) 0.946 352 946 liters 2 pints, liquid

quintal 100 kilograms 220.462 26 pounds, avdp.

rod 5.029 2 meters 5.5 yards

scruple 1.295 978 2 grams 20 grains

section (US) 2.589 988 1 kilometers^2 1 mile^2, statute or 640 acres

span 22.86 centimeters 9 inches

stere 1 meter^3 1.307 95 yards^3

tablespoon 14.786 76 milliliters 3 teaspoons

teaspoon 4.928 922 milliliters 0.333 333 tablespoons

ton, long or 1,016.046 909 kilograms 2,240 pounds, avdp. deadweight

ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 2,204.623 pounds, avdp.

ton, metric 1,000 kilograms 32,150.75 ounces, troy

ton, register 2.831 684 7 meters^3 100 feet^3

ton, short 907.184 74 kilograms 2,000 pounds, avdp.

township (US) 93.239 572 kilometers^2 36 miles^2, statute

yard 0.914 4 meters 3 feet

yard^2 0.836 127 36 meters^2 9 feet^2

yard^3 0.764 554 86 meters^3 27 feet^3

yard^3 764.554 857 984 liters 201.974 gallons

________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX G:

Estimates of Gross Domestic Product on an Exchange Rate Basis

These estimates of gross domestic product on an exchange rate basis are based on official data from national statistical offices.

Country Million US$ Year

Afghanistan --- ---

Albania --- ---

Algeria 46,823 1993

American Samoa --- ---

Andorra --- ---

Angola --- ---

Anguilla --- ---

Antigua and Barbuda 374 1992

Argentina --- ---

Armenia --- ---

Aruba --- ---

Australia 284,293 1993

Austria 181,367 1993

Azerbaijan --- ---

The Bahamas --- ---

Bahrain 3,903 1990

Bangladesh 23,957 1993

Barbados 1,574 1992

Belarus --- ---

Belgium 207,500 1993

Belize 524 1993

Benin 1,898 1991

Bermuda --- ---

Bhutan 245 1992

Bolivia 6,058 1991

Bosnia and Herzegovina --- ---

Botswana 3,702 1992

Brazil --- ---

British Virgin Islands --- ---

Brunei --- ---

Bulgaria --- ---

Burkina --- ---

Burma 55,073 1993

Burundi 923 1993

Cambodia --- ---

Cameroon 10,918 1992

Canada 551,645 1993

Cape Verde 286 1988

Cayman Islands --- ---

Central African Republic 1,339 1992

Chad 1,383 1992

Chile 43,684 1993

China 544,603 1993

Christmas Island --- ---

Cocos (Keeling) Islands --- ---

Colombia --- ---

Comoros 43,546 1992

Congo --- ---

Cook Island --- ---

Costa Rica 6,722 1992

Cote d'Ivoire 10,492 1992

Croatia --- ---

Cuba --- ---

Cyprus 6,700 1992

Czech Republic 31,664 1993

Denmark 135,998 1993

Djibouti 494 1990

Dominica 189 1992

Dominican Republic 8,796 1992

Ecuador 14,304 1993

Egypt 41,855 1992

El Salvador 7,625 1993

Equatorial Guinea 181 1992

Eritrea --- ---

Estonia --- ---

Ethiopia 3,362 1993

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) --- ---

Faroe Islands --- ---

Fiji 1,490 1991

Finland 83,795 1993

France 1,252,560 1993

French Guiana --- ---

French Polynesia --- ---

Gabon 5,913 1992

The Gambia 332 1992

Gaza Strip --- ---

Georgia --- ---

Germany 1,880,000 1993

Ghana 6,884 1992

Gibraltar --- ---

Greece 73,100 1993

Greenland --- ---

Grenada 214 1992

Guadeloupe --- ---

Guam --- ---

Guatemala 11,279 1993

Guernsey --- ---

Guinea --- ---

Guinea-Bissau 221 1992

Guyana 447 1993

Haiti 2,502 1990

Honduras 3,343 1993

Hong Kong --- ---

Hungary 36,113 1993

Iceland 6,076 1993

India 272,231 1992

Indonesia 142,794 1993

Iran 1,013,890 1992

Iraq --- ---

Ireland 47,678 1993

Israel 65,043 1993

Italy 999,700 1993

Jamaica 3,839 1993

Japan 4,215,546 1993

Jersey --- ---

Jordan 5,190 1993

Kazakhstan --- ---

Kenya 5,569 1993

Kiribati --- ---

Korea, North --- ---

Korea, South --- ---

Kuwait 22,416 1993

Kyrgyzstan --- ---

Laos --- ---

Latvia --- ---

Lebanon --- ---

Lesotho 710 1992

Liberia 1,183 1989

Libya 21,864 1986

Liechtenstein --- ---

Lithuania --- ---

Luxembourg 10,600 1993

Macau --- ---

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of --- ---

Madagascar 3,371 1993

Malawi 2,017 1993

Malaysia 64,434 1993

Maldives --- ---

Mali 2,451 1991

Malta 2,743 1992

Man, Isle of --- ---

Marshall Islands --- ---

Martinique --- ---

Mauritania 1,136 1993

Mauritius 3,112 1993

Mayotte --- ---

Mexico 286,631 1991

Micronesia, Federated States of --- ---

Moldova --- ---

Monaco --- ---

Mongolia 1,111 1992

Montserrat --- ---

Morocco 28,762 1992

Mozambique 1,410 1993

Namibia 2,508 1993

Nauru --- ---

Nepal 3,387 1993

Netherlands 308,995 1993

Netherlands Antilles --- ---

New Caledonia --- ---

New Zealand 43,698 1993

Nicaragua 2,214 1990

Niger 2,506 1990

Nigeria 37,250 1993

Niue --- ---

Norfolk Island --- ---

Northern Mariana Islands --- ---

Norway 103,418 1993

Oman 11,489 1992

Pakistan 48,363 1993

Palau --- ---

Panama 6,565 1993

Papua New Guinea 4,292 1992

Paraguay 6,446 1992

Peru 39,760 1989

Philippines 54,068 1992

Pitcairn Islands --- ---

Poland 85,898 1993

Portugal 75,100 1993

Puerto Rico --- ---

Qatar 7,473 1992

Reunion --- ---

Romania 24,781 1993

Russia --- ---

Rwanda 1,630 1992

Saint Helena --- ---

Saint Kitts and Nevis 158 1990

Saint Lucia 393 1992

Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- ---

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 192 1992

San Marino --- ---

Sao Tome and Principe --- ---

Saudi Arabia 121,530 1992

Senegal 4,627 1989

Serbia and Montenegro --- ---

Seychelles 434 1992

Sierra Leone --- ---

Singapore 55,086 1993

Slovakia --- ---

Slovenia --- ---

Solomon Islands --- ---

Somalia --- ---

South Africa 117,442 1993

Spain 478,391 1993

Sri Lanka 10,274 1993

Sudan 27,697 1991

Suriname 1,872 1991

Svalbard --- ---

Swaziland 874 1991

Sweden 186,224 1993

Switzerland 232,133 1993

Syria 33,050 1992

Tajikistan --- ---

Tanzania 2,086 1993

Thailand 110,429 1992

Togo 1,237 1987

Tokelau --- ---

Tonga 145 1993

Trinidad and Tobago 4,538 1993

Tunisia 14,634 1993

Turkey 138,400 1993

Turkmenistan --- ---

Turks and Caicos Islands --- ---

Tuvalu --- ---

Uganda 5,608 1988

Ukraine --- ---

United Arab Emirates 34,977 1992

United Kingdom 944,902 1993

United States 6,738,400 1994

Uruguay 13,144 1993

Uzbekistan --- ---

Vanuatu 153 1990

Venezuela 59,183 1993

Vietnam --- ---

Virgin Islands --- ---

Wallis and Futuna --- ---

West Bank --- ---

Western Sahara --- ---

Western Samoa --- ---

World --- ---

Yemen --- ---

Zaire 9,078 1991

Zambia 3,302 1992

Zimbabwe 6,189 1990

Taiwan --- ---

________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX H

Cross-Reference List of Geographic Items

This list indicates where various geographic items - including the location of all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names of countries, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities - can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are normally, but not always, those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses; additional information is included in brackets.

Name -- Entry in The World Factbook

A

Abidjan [US Embassy] -- Cote d'Ivoire

Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] -- United Arab Emirates

Abuja [US Embassy Branch Office] -- Nigeria

Acapulco [US Consular Agency] -- Mexico

Accra [US Embassy] -- Ghana

Adamstown -- Pitcairn Islands

Adana [US Consulate] -- Turkey

Addis Ababa [US Embassy] -- Ethiopia

Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]

Aden -- Yemen

Aden, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean

Admiralty Islands -- Papua New Guinea

Adriatic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Aegean Islands -- Greece

Aegean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Afars and Issas, French Territory -- Djibouti of the (F.T.A.I.)

Agalega Islands -- Mauritius

Agana -- Guam

Aland Islands -- Finland

Alaska -- United States

Alaska, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Aldabra Islands -- Seychelles

Alderney -- Guernsey

Aleutian Islands -- United States

Alexander Island -- Antarctica

Alexandria -- Egypt

Algiers [US Embassy] -- Algeria

Alhucemas, Penon de -- Spain

Alma-Ata (see Almaty) -- Kazakhstan

Almaty (Alma-Ata) [US Embassy] -- Kazakhstan

Alofi -- Niue

Alphonse Island -- Seychelles

Amami Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Amindivi Islands -- India

Amirante Isles -- Seychelles

Amman [US Embassy] -- Jordan

Amsterdam [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands

Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Amundsen Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Amur -- China; Russia

Andaman Islands -- India

Andaman Sea -- Indian Ocean

Andorra la Vella -- Andorra

Anegada Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan -- Sudan

Anjouan -- Comoros

Ankara [US Embassy] -- Turkey

Annobon -- Equatorial Guinea

Antananarivo [US Embassy] -- Madagascar

Antipodes Islands -- New Zealand

Antwerp [European Logistical -- Belgium Support Office]

Aozou Strip -- Chad

Apia [US Embassy] -- Western Samoa

Aqaba, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea -- Indian Ocean

Arafura Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Argun -- China; Russia

Ascension Island -- Saint Helena

Ashgabat [US Embassy] -- Turkmenistan

Ashkhabad (see Ashgabat) -- Turkmenistan

Asmara [US Embassy] -- Eritrea

Asmera (see Asmara) -- Eritrea

Assumption Island -- Seychelles

Asuncion [US Embassy] -- Paraguay

Asuncion Island -- Northern Mariana Islands

Atacama -- Chile

Athens [US Embassy] -- Greece

Attu -- United States

Auckland [US Consulate General] -- New Zealand

Auckland Islands -- New Zealand

Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia

Avarua -- Cook Islands

Axel Heiberg Island -- Canada

Azores -- Portugal

Azov, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean

B

Bab el Mandeb -- Indian Ocean

Babuyan Channel -- Pacific Ocean

Babuyan Islands -- Philippines

Baffin Bay -- Arctic Ocean

Baffin Island -- Canada

Baghdad [US Embassy temporarily -- Iraq suspended; US Interests Section located in Poland's embassy in Baghdad]

Baki (Baku) -- Azerbaijan

Baku [US Embassy] -- Azerbaijan

Baky (Baku) -- Azerbaijan

Balabac Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Balearic Islands -- Spain

Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) -- Atlantic Ocean

Bali Sea -- Indian Ocean

Balintang Channel -- Pacific Ocean

Balintang Islands -- Philippines

Balleny Islands -- Antarctica

Balochistan -- Pakistan

Baltic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Bamako [US Embassy] -- Mali

Banaba (Ocean Island) -- Kiribati

Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] -- Brunei

Banda Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Bangkok [US Embassy] -- Thailand

Bangui [US Embassy] -- Central African Republic

Banjul [US Embassy] -- Gambia, The

Banks Island -- Canada

Banks Islands (Iles Banks) -- Vanuatu

Barcelona [US Consulate General] -- Spain

Barents Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Barranquilla [US Consulate] -- Colombia

Bashi Channel -- Pacific Ocean

Basilan Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Bass Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Basse-Terre -- Guadeloupe

Basseterre -- Saint Kitts and Nevis

Basutoland -- Lesotho

Batan Islands -- Philippines

Bavaria (Bayern) -- Germany

Beagle Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Bear Island (Bjornoya) -- Svalbard

Beaufort Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Bechuanaland -- Botswana

Beijing [US Embassy] -- China

Beirut [US Embassy] -- Lebanon

Belau -- Palau

Belem [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil

Belep Islands (Iles Belep) -- New Caledonia

Belfast [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom

Belgian Congo -- Zaire

Belgrade [US Embassy; US does not -- Serbia and Montenegro maintain full diplomatic relations with Serbia and Montenegro]

Belize City [US Embassy] -- Belize

Belle Isle, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Bellingshausen Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Belmopan -- Belize

Belorussia -- Belarus

Bengal, Bay of -- Indian Ocean

Bering Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Bering Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Berkner Island -- Antarctica

Berlin [US Branch Office] -- Germany

Berlin, East -- Germany

Berlin, West -- Germany

Bern [US Embassy] -- Switzerland

Bessarabia -- Romania; Moldova

Bijagos, Arquipelago dos -- Guinea-Bissau

Bikini Atoll -- Marshall Islands

Bilbao [US Consulate] -- Spain

Bioko -- Equatorial Guinea

Biscay, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean

Bishkek [US Embassy] -- Kyrgyzstan

Bishop Rock -- United Kingdom

Bismarck Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea

Bismarck Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Bissau [US Embassy] -- Guinea-Bissau

Bjornoya (Bear Island) -- Svalbard

Black Rock -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Black Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Bloemfontein -- South Africa

Boa Vista -- Cape Verde

Bogota [US Embassy] -- Colombia

Bombay [US Consulate General] -- India

Bonaire -- Netherlands Antilles

Bonifacio, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Bonin Islands -- Japan

Bonn [US Embassy] -- Germany

Bophuthatswana -- South Africa

Bora-Bora -- French Polynesia

Bordeaux [US Consulate General] -- France

Borneo -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia

Bornholm -- Denmark

Bosporus -- Atlantic Ocean

Bothnia, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean

Bougainville Island -- Papua New Guinea

Bougainville Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Bounty Islands -- New Zealand

Brasilia [US Embassy] -- Brazil

Bratislava [US Embassy] -- Slovakia

Brazzaville [US Embassy] -- Congo

Bridgetown [US Embassy] -- Barbados

Brisbane [US Consulate] -- Australia

British East Africa -- Kenya

British Guiana -- Guyana

British Honduras -- Belize

British Solomon Islands -- Solomon Islands

British Somaliland -- Somalia

Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission -- Belgium to European Union (USEU), US Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (USNATO)]

Bucharest [US Embassy] -- Romania

Budapest [US Embassy] -- Hungary

Buenos Aires [US Embassy] -- Argentina

Bujumbura [US Embassy] -- Burundi

Burnt Pine -- Norfolk Island

Byelorussia -- Belarus

C

Cabinda -- Angola

Cabot Strait -- Atlantic Ocean

Caicos Islands -- Turks and Caicos Islands

Cairo [US Embassy] -- Egypt

Calcutta [US Consulate General] -- India

Calgary [US Consulate General] -- Canada

California, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Campbell Island -- New Zealand

Canal Zone -- Panama

Canary Islands -- Spain

Canberra [US Embassy] -- Australia

Canton (Guangzhou) -- China

Canton Island (Kanton Island) -- Kiribati

Cape Town [US Consulate General] -- South Africa

Caracas [US Embassy] -- Venezuela

Cargados Carajos Shoals -- Mauritius

Caroline Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of;

-- Palau

Caribbean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Carpentaria, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Casablanca [US Consulate General] -- Morocco

Castries -- Saint Lucia

Cato Island -- Australia

Cayenne -- French Guiana

Cebu [US Consulate] -- Philippines

Celebes -- Indonesia

Celebes Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Celtic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Central African Empire -- Central African Republic

Ceuta -- Spain

Ceylon -- Sri Lanka

Chafarinas, Islas -- Spain

Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) -- British Indian Ocean Territory

Channel Islands -- Guernsey; Jersey

Charlotte Amalie -- Virgin Islands

Chatham Islands -- New Zealand

Cheju-do -- Korea, South

Cheju Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Chengdu [US Consulate General] -- China

Chesterfield Islands -- New Caledonia (Iles Chesterfield)

Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] -- Thailand

Chihli, Gulf of (see Bo Hai) -- Pacific Ocean

China, People's Republic of -- China

China, Republic of -- Taiwan

Chisinau [US Embassy] -- Moldova

Choiseul -- Solomon Islands

Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] -- Australia

Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] -- Kiribati (Kiritimati)

Chukchi Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Ciskei -- South Africa

Ciudad Juarez [US Consulate General] -- Mexico

Cluj-Napoca [US Branch Office] -- Romania

Coco, Isla del -- Costa Rica

Cocos Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Colombo [US Embassy] -- Sri Lanka

Colon, Archipielago de -- Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)

Commander Islands -- Russia (Komandorskiye Ostrova)

Conakry [US Embassy] -- Guinea

Congo (Brazzaville) -- Congo

Congo (Kinshasa) -- Zaire

Congo (Leopoldville) -- Zaire

Con Son Islands -- Vietnam

Cook Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Copenhagen [US Embassy] -- Denmark

Coral Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Corn Islands (Islas del Maiz) -- Nicaragua

Corsica -- France

Cosmoledo Group -- Seychelles

Cotonou [US Embassy] -- Benin

Crete -- Greece

Crooked Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet) -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Curacao [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands Antilles

Czechoslovakia -- Czech Republic; Slovakia

D

Dahomey -- Benin

Daito Islands -- Japan

Dakar [US Embassy] -- Senegal

Daman (Damao) -- India

Damascus [US Embassy] -- Syria

Danger Atoll -- Cook Islands

Danish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean

Danzig (Gdansk) -- Poland

Dao Bach Long Vi -- Vietnam

Dardanelles -- Atlantic Ocean

Dar es Salaam [US Embassy] -- Tanzania

Davis Strait -- Atlantic Ocean

Deception Island -- Antarctica

Denmark Strait -- Atlantic Ocean

D'Entrecasteaux Islands -- Papua New Guinea

Devon Island -- Canada

Dhahran [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia

Dhaka [US Embassy] -- Bangladesh

Diego Garcia -- British Indian Ocean Territory

Diego Ramirez -- Chile

Diomede Islands -- Russia [Big Diomede]; United States

-- [Little Diomede]

Diu -- India

Djibouti [US Embassy] -- Djibouti

Dodecanese -- Greece

Dodoma -- Tanzania

Doha [US Embassy] -- Qatar

Douala -- Cameroon

Douglas -- Man, Isle of

Dover, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Drake Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Dubai (see Dubayy) -- United Arab Emirates

Dubayy [US Consulate General] -- United Arab Emirates

Dublin [US Embassy] -- Ireland

Durban [US Consulate General] -- South Africa

Dushanbe [US Embassy] -- Tajikistan

Dutch East Indies -- Indonesia

Dutch Guiana -- Suriname

E

East China Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) -- Chile

Eastern Channel (East Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima Strait)

East Germany (German Democratic -- Germany Republic)

East Korea Strait (Eastern Channel -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima Strait)

East Pakistan -- Bangladesh

East Siberian Sea -- Arctic Ocean

East Timor (Portuguese Timor) -- Indonesia

Edinburgh [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom

Elba -- Italy

Ellef Ringnes Island -- Canada

Ellesmere Island -- Canada

Ellice Islands -- Tuvalu

Elobey, Islas de -- Equatorial Guinea

Enderbury Island -- Kiribati

Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok Atoll) -- Marshall Islands

England -- United Kingdom

English Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Eniwetok Atoll -- Marshall Islands

Epirus, Northern -- Albania; Greece

Essequibo [claimed by Venezuela] -- Guyana

Etorofu -- Russia [de facto]

F

Farquhar Group -- Seychelles

Fernando de Noronha -- Brazil

Fernando Po (Bioko) -- Equatorial Guinea

Finland, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean

Florence [US Consulate General] -- Italy

Florida, Straits of -- Atlantic Ocean

Formosa -- Taiwan

Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) -- Pacific Ocean

Fortaleza [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil

Fort-de-France -- Martinique

Frankfurt am Main [US -- Germany Consulate General]

Franz Josef Land -- Russia

Freetown [US Embassy] -- Sierra Leone

French Cameroon -- Cameroon

French Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam

French Guinea -- Guinea

French Sudan -- Mali

French Territory of the Afars -- Djibouti and Issas (F.T.A.I.)

French Togo -- Togo

Friendly Islands -- Tonga

Frunze (Bishkek) -- Kyrgyzstan

Fukuoka [US Consulate] -- Japan

Funafuti -- Tuvalu

Fundy, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean

Futuna Islands (Hoorn Islands) -- Wallis and Futuna

G

Gaborone [US Embassy] -- Botswana

Galapagos Islands (Archipielago -- Ecuador de Colon)

Galleons Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier) -- French Polynesia

Gaspar Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Geneva [Branch Office of the -- Switzerland US Embassy, US Mission to European Office of the UN and Other International Organizations]

Genoa -- Italy

George Town [US Consular Agency] -- Cayman Islands

Georgetown [US Embassy] -- Guyana

German Democratic Republic -- Germany (East Germany)

Gibraltar -- Gibraltar

Gibraltar, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Gilbert Islands -- Kiribati

Goa -- India

Gold Coast -- Ghana

Golan Heights -- Syria

Good Hope, Cape of -- South Africa

Goteborg -- Sweden

Gotland -- Sweden

Gough Island -- Saint Helena

Grand Banks -- Atlantic Ocean

Grand Cayman -- Cayman Islands

Grand Turk -- Turks and Caicos Islands

Great Australian Bight -- Indian Ocean

Great Belt (Store Baelt) -- Atlantic Ocean

Great Britain -- United Kingdom

Great Channel -- Indian Ocean

Greater Sunda Islands -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia

Green Islands -- Papua New Guinea

Greenland Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Grenadines, Northern -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Grenadines, Southern -- Grenada

Grytviken -- Georgia

Guadalajara [US Consulate General] -- Mexico

Guadalcanal -- Solomon Islands

Guadalupe, Isla de -- Mexico

Guangzhou [US Consulate General] -- China

Guantanamo Bay [US Naval Base] -- Cuba

Guatemala [US Embassy] -- Guatemala

Gubal, Strait of -- Indian Ocean

Guinea, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean

Guayaquil [US Consulate General] -- Ecuador

H

Ha'apai Group -- Tonga

Habomai Islands -- Russia [de facto]

Hague, The [US Embassy] -- Netherlands

Hainan Dao -- China

Halifax [US Consulate General] -- Canada

Halmahera -- Indonesia

Hamburg [US Consulate General] -- Germany

Hamilton [US Consulate General] -- Bermuda

Hanoi [US Liaison Office] -- Vietnam

Harare [US Embassy] -- Zimbabwe

Hatay -- Turkey

Havana [US post not maintained; -- Cuba representation by US Interests Section (USINT) of the Swiss Embassy]

Hawaii -- United States

Heard Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Helsinki [US Embassy] -- Finland

Hermosillo [US Consulate] -- Mexico

Hispaniola -- Dominican Republic; Haiti

Hokkaido -- Japan

Hong Kong [US Consulate General] -- Hong Kong

Honiara -- Solomon Islands

Honshu -- Japan

Hormuz, Strait of -- Indian Ocean

Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos) -- Chile

Horne, Iles de -- Wallis and Futuna

Horn of Africa -- Ethiopia; Somalia

Hudson Bay -- Arctic Ocean

Hudson Strait -- Arctic Ocean

I

Inaccessible Island -- Saint Helena

Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam

Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) -- China

Ionian Islands -- Greece

Ionian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Irian Jaya -- Indonesia

Irish Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Islamabad [US Embassy] -- Pakistan

Islas Malvinas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Istanbul [US Consulate General] -- Turkey

Italian Somaliland -- Somalia

Ivory Coast -- Cote d'Ivoire

Iwo Jima -- Japan

J

Jakarta [US Embassy] -- Indonesia

Jamestown -- Saint Helena

Japan, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean

Java -- Indonesia

Java Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Jeddah (see Jiddah) -- Saudi Arabia

Jerusalem [US Consulate General] -- Israel; West Bank

Jiddah [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia

Johannesburg [US Consulate General] -- South Africa

Juan de Fuca, Strait of -- Pacific Ocean

Juan Fernandez, Isla de -- Chile

Juventud, Isla de la (Isle of Youth) -- Cuba

K

Kabul [US Embassy now closed] -- Afghanistan

Kaduna [US Consulate General] -- Nigeria

Kalimantan -- Indonesia

Kamchatka Peninsula -- Russia (Poluostrov Kamchatka)

Kampala [US Embassy] -- Uganda

Kampuchea -- Cambodia

Kanton Island -- Kiribati Karachi [US Consulate General]

-- Pakistan

Kara Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Karimata Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Kathmandu [US Embassy] -- Nepal

Kattegat -- Atlantic Ocean

Kauai Channel -- Pacific Ocean

Keeling Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Kerguelen, Iles -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Kermadec Islands -- New Zealand

Khabarovsk -- Russia

Khartoum [US Embassy] -- Sudan

Khmer Republic -- Cambodia

Khuriya Muriya Islands (Kuria -- Oman Muria Islands)

Khyber Pass -- Pakistan

Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee Kanal) -- Atlantic Ocean

Kiev [US Embassy] -- Ukraine

Kigali [US Embassy] -- Rwanda

Kingston [US Embassy] -- Jamaica

Kingston -- Norfolk Island

Kingstown -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Kinshasa [US Embassy] -- Zaire

Kirghiziya -- Kyrgyzstan

Kiritimati (Christmas Island) -- Kiribati

Kishinev (Chisinau) -- Moldova

Kithira Strait -- Atlantic Ocean

Kodiak Island -- United States

Kola Peninsula (Kol'skiy Poluostrov) -- Russia

Kolonia [US Embassy] -- Micronesia, Federated States of

Korea Bay -- Pacific Ocean

Korea, Democratic People's -- Korea, North Republic of

Korea, Republic of -- Korea, South

Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Koror [US Liaison Office] -- Palau

Kosovo -- Serbia and Montenegro

Kowloon -- Hong Kong

Krakow [US Consulate General] -- Poland

Kuala Lumpur [US Embassy] -- Malaysia

Kunashiri (Kunashir) -- Russia [de facto]

Kuril Islands -- Russia [de facto]

Kuwait [US Embassy] -- Kuwait

Kwajalein Atoll -- Marshall Islands

Kyushu -- Japan

Kyyiv (Kiev) -- Ukraine

L

Labrador -- Canada

Laccadive Islands -- India

Laccadive Sea -- Indian Ocean

Lagos [US Embassy] -- Nigeria

Lahore [US Consulate General] -- Pakistan

Lakshadweep -- India

La Paz [US Embassy] -- Bolivia

La Perouse Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Laptev Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Las Palmas -- Spain

Lau Group -- Fiji

Lefkosa (Nicosia) -- Cyprus

Leipzig [US Consulate General] -- Germany

Leningrad (see Saint Petersburg) -- Russia

Lesser Sunda Islands -- Indonesia

Leyte -- Philippines

Liancourt Rocks [claimed by Japan] -- Korea, South

Libreville [US Embassy] -- Gabon

Ligurian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Lilongwe [US Embassy] -- Malawi

Lima [US Embassy] -- Peru

Lincoln Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Line Islands -- Kiribati; Palmyra Atoll

Lisbon [US Embassy] -- Portugal

Ljubljana [US Embassy] -- Slovenia

Lobamba -- Swaziland

Lombok Strait -- Indian Ocean

Lome [US Embassy] -- Togo

London [US Embassy] -- United Kingdom

Longyearbyen -- Svalbard

Lord Howe Island -- Australia

Louisiade Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea

Loyalty Islands (Iles Loyaute) -- New Caledonia

Luanda [US Embassy] -- Angola

Lubumbashi -- Zaire

Lusaka [US Embassy] -- Zambia

Luxembourg [US Embassy] -- Luxembourg

Luzon -- Philippines

Luzon Strait -- Pacific Ocean

M

Macao -- Macau

Macau -- Macau

Macedonia -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav

-- Republic of

Macquarie Island -- Australia

Madeira Islands -- Portugal

Madras [US Consulate General] -- India

Madrid [US Embassy] -- Spain

Magellan, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Maghreb -- Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, -- Tunisia

Mahe Island -- Seychelles

Maiz, Islas del (Corn Islands) -- Nicaragua

Majorca (Mallorca) -- Spain

Majuro [US Embassy] -- Marshall Islands

Makassar Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Malabo [US Embassy] -- Equatorial Guinea

Malacca, Strait of -- Indian Ocean

Malagasy Republic -- Madagascar

Male [US Consular Agency] -- Maldives

Mallorca (Majorca) -- Spain

Malpelo, Isla de -- Colombia

Malta Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Malvinas, Islas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Mamoutzou -- Mayotte

Managua [US Embassy] -- Nicaragua

Manama [US Embassy] -- Bahrain

Manaus [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil

Manchukuo -- China

Manchuria -- China

Manila [US Embassy] -- Philippines

Manipa Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Mannar, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean

Manua Islands -- American Samoa

Maputo [US Embassy] -- Mozambique

Marcus Island (Minami-tori-shima) -- Japan

Mariana Islands -- Guam; Northern Mariana Islands

Marion Island -- South Africa

Marmara, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean

Marquesas Islands (Iles Marquises) -- French Polynesia

Marseille [US Consulate General] -- France

Martin Vaz, Ilhas -- Brazil

Mas a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe -- Chile Island)

Mascarene Islands -- Mauritius; Reunion

Maseru [US Embassy] -- Lesotho

Matamoros [US Consulate] -- Mexico

Mata-Utu -- Wallis and Futuna

Mazatlan -- Mexico

Mbabane [US Embassy] -- Swaziland

McDonald Islands -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Medan [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia

Mediterranean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Melbourne [US Consulate General] -- Australia

Melilla -- Spain

Merida [US Consulate] -- Mexico

Messina, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Mexico [US Embassy] -- Mexico

Mexico, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean

Milan [US Consulate General] -- Italy

Minami-tori-shima -- Japan

Mindanao -- Philippines

Mindoro Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Minicoy Island -- India

Minsk [US Embassy] -- Belarus

Mogadishu -- Somalia

Moldavia -- Moldova

Mombasa -- Kenya

Mona Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Monaco -- Monaco

Monrovia [US Embassy] -- Liberia

Montenegro -- Serbia and Montenegro

Monterrey [US Consulate General] -- Mexico

Montevideo [US Embassy] -- Uruguay

Montreal [US Consulate General, US -- Canada Mission to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)]

Moravian Gate -- Czech Republic

Moroni -- Comoros

Mortlock Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of

Moscow [US Embassy] -- Russia

Mozambique Channel -- Indian Ocean

Munich [US Consulate General] -- Germany

Musandam Peninsula -- Oman; United Arab Emirates

Muscat [US Embassy] -- Oman

Muscat and Oman -- Oman

Myanma, Myanmar -- Burma

N

Nagoya [US Consulate] -- Japan

Naha [US Consulate General] -- Japan

Nairobi [US Embassy] -- Kenya

Nampo-shoto -- Japan

Naples [US Consulate General] -- Italy

Nassau [US Embassy] -- Bahamas, The

Natuna Besar Islands -- Indonesia

N'Djamena [US Embassy] -- Chad

Netherlands East Indies -- Indonesia

Netherlands Guiana -- Suriname

Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis

New Delhi [US Embassy] -- India

Newfoundland -- Canada

New Guinea -- Indonesia; Papua New Guinea

New Hebrides -- Vanuatu

New Siberian Islands -- Russia

New Territories -- Hong Kong

New York, New York [US Mission to -- United States the United Nations (USUN)]

Niamey [US Embassy] -- Niger

Nicobar Islands -- India

Nicosia [US Embassy] -- Cyprus

Nightingale Island -- Saint Helena

North Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean

North Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Northeast Providence Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Northern Epirus -- Albania; Greece

Northern Grenadines -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Northern Ireland -- United Kingdom

Northern Rhodesia -- Zambia

North Island -- New Zealand

North Korea -- Korea, North

North Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean

North Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

North Vietnam -- Vietnam

Northwest Passages -- Arctic Ocean

North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) -- Yemen

Norwegian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Nouakchott [US Embassy] -- Mauritania

Noumea -- New Caledonia

Novaya Zemlya -- Russia

Nuku'alofa -- Tonga

Nuevo Laredo [US Consulate] -- Mexico

Nuuk (Godthab) -- Greenland

Nyasaland -- Malawi

O

Oahu -- United States

Ocean Island (Banaba) -- Kiribati

Ocean Island (Kure Island) -- United States

Ogaden -- Ethiopia; Somalia

Oil Islands (Chagos Archipelago) -- British Indian Ocean Territory

Okhotsk, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean

Okinawa -- Japan

Oman, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean

Ombai Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Oran -- Algeria

Oranjestad -- Aruba

Oresund (The Sound) -- Atlantic Ocean

Orkney Islands -- United Kingdom

Osaka-Kobe [US Consulate General] -- Japan

Oslo [US Embassy] -- Norway

Otranto, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Ottawa [US Embassy] -- Canada

Ouagadougou [US Embassy] -- Burkina

Outer Mongolia -- Mongolia

P

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory -- Palau of the

Pagan -- Northern Mariana Islands

Pago Pago -- American Samoa

Palawan -- Philippines

Palermo -- Italy

Palk Strait -- Indian Ocean

Pamirs -- China; Tajikistan

Panama [US Embassy] -- Panama

Panama Canal -- Panama

Panama, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Papeete -- French Polynesia

Paramaribo [US Embassy] -- Suriname

Parece Vela -- Japan

Paris [US Embassy, US Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), US Observer Mission at the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)] -- France

Pascua, Isla de (Easter Island) -- Chile

Passion, Ile de la -- Clipperton Island

Pashtunistan -- Afghanistan; Pakistan

Peking (Beijing) -- China

Peleliu -- Palau

Pemba Island -- Tanzania

Pentland Firth -- Atlantic Ocean

Perim -- Yemen

Perouse Strait, La -- Pacific Ocean

Persian Gulf -- Indian Ocean

Perth [US Consulate General] -- Australia

Pescadores -- Taiwan

Peshawar [US Consulate] -- Pakistan

Peter I Island -- Antarctica

Philip Island -- Norfolk Island

Philippine Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Phnom Penh [US Embassy] -- Cambodia

Phoenix Islands -- Kiribati

Pines, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) -- Cuba

Pleasant Island -- Nauru

Plymouth -- Montserrat

Ponape (Pohnpei) -- Micronesia

Ponta Delgada [US Consulate] -- Portugal

Port-au-Prince [US Embassy] -- Haiti

Port Louis [US Embassy] -- Mauritius

Port Moresby [US Embassy] -- Papua New Guinea

Porto Alegre [US Consulate] -- Brazil

Port-of-Spain [US Embassy] -- Trinidad and Tobago

Porto-Novo -- Benin

Portuguese Guinea -- Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese Timor (East Timor) -- Indonesia

Port-Vila -- Vanuatu

Poznan [US Consulate General] -- Poland

Prague [US Embassy] -- Czech Republic

Praia [US Embassy] -- Cape Verde

Pretoria [US Embassy] -- South Africa

Pribilof Islands -- United States

Prince Edward Island -- Canada

Prince Edward Islands -- South Africa

Prince Patrick Island -- Canada

Principe -- Sao Tome and Principe

Pusan [US Consulate] -- Korea, South

P'yongyang -- Korea, North

Q

Quebec [US Consulate General] -- Canada

Queen Charlotte Islands -- Canada

Queen Elizabeth Islands -- Canada

Queen Maud Land [claimed by Norway] -- Antarctica

Quito [US Embassy] -- Ecuador

R

Rabat [US Embassy] -- Morocco

Ralik Chain -- Marshall Islands

Rangoon [US Embassy] -- Burma

Ratak Chain -- Marshall Islands

Recife [US Consulate] -- Brazil

Redonda -- Antigua and Barbuda

Red Sea -- Indian Ocean

Revillagigedo Island -- United States

Revillagigedo Islands -- Mexico

Reykjavik [US Embassy] -- Iceland

Rhodes -- Greece

Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe

Rhodesia, Northern -- Zambia

Rhodesia, Southern -- Zimbabwe

Riga [US Embassy] -- Latvia

Rio de Janeiro [US Consulate -- Brazil General]

Rio de Oro -- Western Sahara

Rio Muni -- Equatorial Guinea

Riyadh [US Embassy] -- Saudi Arabia

Road Town -- British Virgin Islands

Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas -- Chile a Tierra)

Rocas, Atol das -- Brazil

Rockall [disputed] -- United Kingdom

Rodrigues -- Mauritius

Rome [US Embassy, US Mission to the UN Agencies for Food and Agriculture (FODAG)] -- Italy

Roncador Cay -- Colombia

Roosevelt Island -- Antarctica

Roseau -- Dominica

Ross Dependency [claimed by -- Antarctica New Zealand]

Ross Island -- Antarctica

Ross Sea -- Antarctica

Rota -- Northern Mariana Islands

Rotuma -- Fiji

Ryukyu Islands -- Japan

S

Saba -- Netherlands Antilles

Sabah -- Malaysia

Sable Island -- Canada

Sahel -- Burkina, Cape Verde, Chad,

-- The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, -- Mauritania, Niger, Senegal

Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) -- Vietnam

Saint Brandon -- Mauritius

Saint Christopher and Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint-Denis -- Reunion

Saint George's [US Embassy] -- Grenada

Saint George's Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Saint Helier -- Jersey

Saint John's -- Antigua and Barbuda

Saint Lawrence, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean

Saint Lawrence Island -- United States

Saint Lawrence Seaway -- Atlantic Ocean

Saint Martin -- Guadeloupe

Saint Martin (Sint Maarten) -- Netherlands Antilles

Saint Paul Island -- Canada

Saint Paul Island -- United States

Saint Paul Island (Ile Saint-Paul) -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks -- Brazil (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo)

Saint Peter Port -- Guernsey

Saint Petersburg [US Consulate -- Russia General]

Saint-Pierre -- Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Vincent Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Saipan -- Northern Mariana Islands

Sakhalin Island (Ostrov Sakhalin) -- Russia

Sala y Gomez, Isla -- Chile

Salisbury (Harare) -- Zimbabwe

Salvador de Bahia [US Consular -- Brazil Agency]

Salzburg -- Austria

Sanaa [US Embassy] -- Yemen

San Ambrosio -- Chile

San Andres y Providencia, -- Colombia Archipielago

San Bernardino Strait -- Pacific Ocean

San Felix, Isla -- Chile

San Jose [US Embassy] -- Costa Rica

San Juan -- Puerto Rico

San Luis Potosi -- Mexico

San Marino -- San Marino

San Salvador [US Embassy] -- El Salvador

Santa Cruz -- Bolivia

Santa Cruz Islands -- Solomon Islands

Santiago [US Embassy] -- Chile

Santo Domingo [US Embassy] -- Dominican Republic

Sao Paulo [US Consulate General] -- Brazil

Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, Penedos de -- Brazil

Sao Tome -- Sao Tome and Principe

Sapporo [US Consulate General] -- Japan

Sapudi Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Sarajevo [US Embassy] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarawak -- Malaysia

Sardinia -- Italy

Sargasso Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Sark -- Guernsey

Scotia Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Scotland -- United Kingdom

Scott Island -- Antarctica

Senyavin Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of

Seoul [US Embassy] -- Korea, South

Serbia -- Serbia and Montenegro

Serrana Bank -- Colombia

Serranilla Bank -- Colombia

Settlement, The -- Christmas Island

Severnaya Zemlya (Northland) -- Russia

Shag Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Shag Rocks -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Shanghai [US Consulate General] -- China

Shenyang [US Consulate General] -- China

Shetland Islands -- United Kingdom

Shikoku -- Japan

Shikotan (Shikotan-to) -- Japan

Siam -- Thailand

Sibutu Passage -- Pacific Ocean

Sicily -- Italy

Sicily, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean

Sikkim -- India

Sinai -- Egypt

Singapore [US Embassy] -- Singapore

Singapore Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Sinkiang (Xinjiang) -- China

Sint Eustatius -- Netherlands Antilles

Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) -- Netherlands Antilles

Skagerrak -- Atlantic Ocean

Skopje [US Liaison Office] -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav -- Republic of

Society Islands (Iles de la Societe) -- French Polynesia

Socotra -- Yemen

Sofia [US Embassy] -- Bulgaria

Solomon Islands, northern -- Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands, southern -- Solomon Islands

Solomon Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Songkhla [US Consulate] -- Thailand

Sound, The (Oresund) -- Atlantic Ocean

South Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean

South China Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Southern Grenadines -- Grenada

Southern Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe

South Georgia -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich -- Islands

South Island -- New Zealand

South Korea -- Korea, South

South Orkney Islands -- Antarctica

South Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean

South Sandwich Islands -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich -- Islands

South Shetland Islands -- Antarctica

South Tyrol -- Italy

South Vietnam -- Vietnam

South-West Africa -- Namibia

South Yemen (People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen)

Soviet Union [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Spanish Guinea -- Equatorial Guinea

Spanish Sahara -- Western Sahara

Spitsbergen -- Svalbard

Stanley -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Stockholm [US Embassy] -- Sweden

Strasbourg [US Consulate General] -- France

Stuttgart [US Consulate General] -- Germany

Sucre -- Bolivia

Suez, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean

Sulu Archipelago -- Philippines

Sulu Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Sumatra -- Indonesia

Sumba -- Indonesia

Sunda Islands (Soenda Isles) -- Indonesia; Malaysia

Sunda Strait -- Indian Ocean

Surabaya [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia

Surigao Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Surinam -- Suriname

Suva [US Embassy] -- Fiji

Swains Island -- American Samoa

Swan Islands -- Honduras

Sydney [US Consulate General] -- Australia

T

Tahiti -- French Polynesia

Taipei -- Taiwan

Taiwan Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Tallinn [US Embassy] -- Estonia

Tanganyika -- Tanzania

Tangier -- Morocco

Tarawa -- Kiribati

Tartar Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Tashkent [US Embassy] -- Uzbekistan

Tasmania -- Australia

Tasman Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Taymyr Peninsula (Poluostrov Taymyra) -- Russia

T'bilisi [US Embassy] -- Georgia

Tegucigalpa [US Embassy] -- Honduras

Tehran [US post not maintained; -- Iran representation by Swiss Embassy]

Tel Aviv [US Embassy] -- Israel

Terre Adelie (Adelie Land) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]

Thailand, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Thessaloniki [US Consulate General] -- Greece

Thimphu -- Bhutan

Thurston Island -- Antarctica

Tibet (Xizang) -- China

Tibilisi (see T'bilisi) -- Georgia

Tierra del Fuego -- Argentina; Chile

Tijuana [US Consulate General] -- Mexico

Timor -- Indonesia

Timor Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Tinian -- Northern Mariana Islands

Tiran, Strait of -- Indian Ocean

Tirane [US Embassy] -- Albania

Tobago -- Trinidad and Tobago

Tokyo [US Embassy] -- Japan

Tonkin, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean

Toronto [US Consulate General] -- Canada

Torres Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Torshavn -- Faroe Islands

Toshkent (Tashkent) -- Uzbekistan

Transjordan -- Jordan

Transkei -- South Africa

Transylvania -- Romania

Trindade, Ilha de -- Brazil

Tripoli [US post not maintained; -- Libya representation by Belgian Embassy]

Tristan da Cunha Group -- Saint Helena

Trobriand Islands -- Papua New Guinea

Trucial States -- United Arab Emirates

Truk Islands -- Micronesia

Tsugaru Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Tuamotu Islands (Iles Tuamotu) -- French Polynesia

Tubuai Islands (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia

Tunis [US Embassy] -- Tunisia

Turin -- Italy

Turkish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean

Turkmeniya -- Turkmenistan

Turks Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Tyrol, South -- Italy

Tyrrhenian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

U

Udorn (Udon Thani) [US Consulate] -- Thailand

Ulaanbaatar [US Embassy] -- Mongolia

Ullung-do -- Korea, South

Unimak Pass [strait] -- Pacific Ocean

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, [the former USSR] -- Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

-- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

United Arab Republic -- Egypt; Syria

Upper Volta -- Burkina

USSR [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

V

Vaduz [US post not maintained; -- Liechtenstein representation from Zurich, Switzerland]

Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor) -- Afghanistan

Valletta [US Embassy] -- Malta

Valley, The -- Anguilla

Vancouver [US Consulate General] -- Canada

Vancouver Island -- Canada

Van Diemen Strait -- Pacific Ocean

Vatican City [US Embassy] -- Holy See

Velez de la Gomera, Penon de -- Spain

Venda -- South Africa

Verde Island Passage -- Pacific Ocean

Victoria -- Hong Kong

Victoria [US Embassy] -- Seychelles

Vienna [US Embassy, US Mission to -- Austria International Organizations in Vienna (UNVIE)]

Vientiane [US Embassy] -- Laos

Vilnius [US Embassy] -- Lithuania

Vladivostok [US Consulate General] -- Russia

Volcano Islands -- Japan

Vostok Island -- Kiribati

Vrangelya, Ostrov (Wrangel Island) -- Russia

W

Wakhan Corridor (now Vakhan) -- Afghanistan

Wales -- United Kingdom

Walvis Bay -- Namibia

Warsaw [US Embassy] -- Poland

Washington, DC [The Permanent Mission of the US to the Organization of American States (OAS)] -- United States

Weddell Sea -- Atlantic Ocean

Wellington [US Embassy] -- New Zealand

Western Channel (West Korea Strait) -- Pacific Ocean

West Germany (Federal Republic of -- Germany Germany)

West Island -- Cocos (Keeling)

-- Islands

West Korea Strait (Western Channel) -- Pacific Ocean

West Pakistan -- Pakistan

Wetar Strait -- Pacific Ocean

White Sea -- Arctic Ocean

Willemstad -- Netherlands Antilles

Windhoek [US Embassy] -- Namibia

Windward Passage -- Atlantic Ocean

Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) -- Russia [de facto]

Y

Yamoussoukro -- Cote d'Ivoire

Yangon (Rangoon) -- Burma

Yaounde [US Embassy] -- Cameroon

Yap Islands -- Micronesia

Yaren -- Nauru

Yekaterinburg [US Consulate General] -- Russia

Yellow Sea -- Pacific Ocean

Yemen (Aden) [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]

Yemen Arab Republic -- Yemen

Yemen, North [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen

Yemen (Sanaa) [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen

Yemen, People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of

Yemen, South [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]

Yerevan [US Embassy] -- Armenia

Youth, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) Cuba

Yucatan Channel -- Atlantic Ocean

Yugoslavia [the former] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav

-- Republic of; Serbia and Montenegro; -- and Slovenia

Z

Zagreb [US Embassy] -- Croatia

Zanzibar -- Tanzania

Zurich [US Consulate General] -- Switzerland