Chapter 107
members-(102 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, CapeVerde, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Rawada, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization observers-(19) African National Congress, Afro-Asian Solidarity Organization, Antigua and Barbuda, Arab League, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Islamic Conference, Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (New Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia, Organization of African Unity, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Philippines, Socialist Party of Puerto Rico, UN, Uruguay guests-(21) Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
Nordic Council (NC)
established-16 March 1952
effective-12 February 1953
aim-to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation
members-(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden; note-Denmark includes Faroe Islands and Greenland
Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)
established-4 December 1975
effective-1 June 1976
aim-to promote economic cooperation and development
members-(5) Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
North a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of the South; see developed countries (DCs)
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)-an extension of NATO
established-8 November 1991
effective-20 December 1991
aim-to form a forum to discuss cooperation concerning mutual political and security issues
members-(38) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
established-17 September 1949
aim-to promote mutual defense and cooperation
members-(16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)
established-NA 1958
aim-associated with OECD, seeks to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
members-(23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) note-also known as the London Suppliers Group
established-1974
aim-to establish guidelines on exports of enrichment and processing plant assistance and nuclear exports to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability
members-(28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la AmericaLatina y el Caribe (OPANAL) see Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
established-14 December 1960, effective 30 September 1961
aim-to promote economic cooperation and development
members-(24) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US special members-(2) EC, Yugoslavia
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
established-25 May 1963
aim-to promote unity and cooperation among African states
members-(52) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Organization of American States (OAS)
established-30 April 1948
effective-13 December 1951
aim-to promote peace and security as well as economic and social development
members-(35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela observers-(24) Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, EC, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, ?
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
established-9 January 1968
aim-to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry
members-(11) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia (withdrew from active membership in 1986),
UAE Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
established-18 June 1981
effective-4 July 1981
aim-to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation
members-(7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines associate member-(1) British Virgin Islands
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
established-14 September 1960
aim-to coordinate petroleum policies
members-(12) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
established-22-25 September 1969
aim-to promote Islamic solidarity and cooperation in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs
members-(47 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan (suspended), Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization observer-(1) Turkish-Cypriot administered area of Cyprus
Paris Club see Group of 10
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
established-NA 1899
aim-to facilitate the settlement of international disputes
members-(78) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe
Population Commission
established-3 October 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with population matters of importance to the UN
members-(27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Rio Group (RG)
established-NA 1988
aim-a consultation mechanism on regional Latin American issues members-(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru (suspended), Uruguay, Venezuela; note-Panama was expelled in 1988; Peru was suspended after April 1992 coup
Second World another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies socialist countries in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note-the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries
South a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established-8 December 1985
aim-to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members-(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established-6 February 1947
effective-29 July 1948
aim-to promote regional cooperation n economic and social matters
members-(27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau), Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa
South Pacific Forum (SPF)
established-5 August 1971
aim-to promote regional cooperation in political matters
members-(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa observer-(1) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau)
South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)
established-NA 1981
aim-to redress unequal trade relationship of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in Pacific region
members-(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
established-11 December 1969
aim-to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters
members-(9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
note-evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) established-17 August 1992
aim-to promote regional economic development and integration
members-(10) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)
established-26 March 1991
aim-regional economic cooperation
members-(4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay
Statistical Commission
established-21 June 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with development and standardization of national statistics of interest to the UN
members-(25) selected on a rotating basis from all regions Third World another term for the less developed countries; the term is fading from use; see less developed countries (LDCs)
underdeveloped countries refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)
undeveloped countries refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries (LLDCs)
Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC) United Nations (UN)
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems
members-(182 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note-all UN members are represented in the General Assembly observers-(2 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization
United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)
note-successor to original UNAVEM
established-20 December 1988
aim-established by the UN Security Council to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola
members-(25) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Congo, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea- Bissau, Hungary, India, Ireland, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
note-acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children's Emergency Fund established-11 December 1946
aim-to help establish child health and welfare services
members-(41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
established-30 December 1964
aim-to promote international trade
members-(186) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga
United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
established-22 November 1965
aim-to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development
members-(48) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
established-31 May 1974
aim-established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire
members-(4) Austria, Canada, Finland,Poland
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
established-16 November 1945
effective-4 November 1946
aim-to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture
members-(172) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate members-(3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established-15 December 1972
aim-to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters
members-(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
established-4 March 1964
aim-established by the UN Security Council to serve as a peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus
members-(7) Austria,Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, UK
United Nations General Assembly
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-primary deliberative organ in the UN
members-(183) all UN members are represented in the
General Assembly United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
established-17 November 1966
effective-1 January 1967
aim-UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members
members-(160) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
established-19 March 1978
aim-established by the UN Security Council to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon
members-(10) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway, Poland, Sweden
United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
established-NA 1991
aim-established by the UN Security Council to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait
members-(34) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
established-13 August 1948
aim-established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire
members-(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
established-NA 1990
aim-established by the UN Security Council to supervise the referendum in Western Sahara
members-(25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, Tunisia, UK, US, Venezuela
United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
established-NA 1991
aim-established by the UN Security Council to verify ceasefire arrangments and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil Police
members-(9) Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
established-3 December 1949
effective-1 January 1951
aim-to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems members-(46) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia,Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire
United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)
established-NA 1992
aim-established by the UN Security Council to supervise the ceasefire
members-(18) Argentina, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Uruguay, Zambia United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM)
established-NA 1992