Part 5

109. R. H. Williams, _With the Border Ruffians, Memoirs of the Far West 1852-1868_. E. W. Williams, [ed.] (London: John Murray, 1907), p. 286. Eliza McHattan-Ripley, _From Flag to Flag_ (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1889), p. 102.

110. _Ibid._, pp. 97-100.

111. Heartsill, _1491 Days_, pp. 202-03.

112. D. H. Hamilton, _History of Company M. First Texas Volunteer Infantry_ (n.p., n.p., 1925), pp. 32 ff. John C. West, _A Texan in Search of a Fight_ (Waco: J. S. Hill & Co., 1901), p. 109.

113. Mrs. A. V. Winkler, "Hood's Texas Brigade" in Wooten, _A Comprehensive History of Texas_, II, pp. 672-80. Hamilton, _Company M_, _passim_.

114. Report to Granbury, _O.R._, 31, pt. 2, p. 774.

115. Report of Cleburne, _ibid._, pp. 745-53. Report of Granbury, _ibid._, pp. 773-75.

116. Richard O'Connor, _Hood; Cavalier General_ (New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1949), pp. 226 ff. O. P. Bowser, "Notes on Granbury's Brigade" in Wooten, _A Comprehensive History of Texas_, II, pp. 751-53.

117. _Ibid._, pp. 753-54.

118. "Texas and Texans in the Civil War" in _ibid._, pp. 619-27. Report of Ross, _O.R._, 45, pt. 1, pp. 767-73.

119. Terrell, "Terry's Texas Rangers" in Wooten, _A Comprehensive History of Texas_, II, pp. 689-94. J. K. P. Blackburn, _Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers_ (Austin: n.p., 1919), pp. 71-74.

120. Henderson, _Texas in the Confederacy_, p. xi.

121. Wooten, _A Comprehensive History of Texas_, II, p. 571. Lester N. Fitzhugh [compiled by], _Texas Batteries, Battalions, Regiments, Commanders and Field Officers Confederate States Army 1861-1865_ (Midlothian, Texas: Mirror Press, 1959).

122. Dolan to Hurlbut, Apr. 3, 1865, _O.R._, 48, pt. 2, p. 17.

123. General Order No. 10, Feb. 13, 1865, _ibid._, pt. 1, pp. 1385-86.

124. James Ford Rhodes, _History of the United States From the Compromise of 1850_ (New York: The MacMillan Co., 1912-28), V, p. 378.

125. General Order No. 32, Apr. 3, 1865, _O.R._, II, 8, p. 466. General Order No. 42, Apr. 27, 1865, _ibid._, 48, pt. 2, pp. 1287-88.

126. Proclamation to the People of Texas, Apr. 27, 1865, Executive Record Book, No. 280, [_sic_], pp. 12-13.

127. Report of Bell, _O.R._, 48, pt. 2, pp. 398-403. Magruder to Boggs, Apr. 29, 1865 quoted in A. B. Booth, "Louisiana Confederate Military Records" in _Louisiana Historical Quarterly_, IV, No. 3, July, 1921, p. 371.

128. Yeary, _Reminiscences_, pp. 44, 217. Frank C. Pierce, _A Brief History of the Rio Grande Valley_ (Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Co., 1917), pp. 52-54. Florence J. Scott, _Old Rough and Ready on the Rio Grande_ (San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1935), p. 113.

129. After these negotiations were concluded, Kirby Smith, Murrah, and a number of other leaders left for Mexico.

130. _Tri-Weekly Telegraph_ (Houston), June 20, 1865.

131. Sheridan to Rawlins, Nov. 14, 1866, _O.R._, 48, pt. 1, pp. 297-303. William A. Ganoe, _The History of the United States Army_ (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924), p. 299.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

These are selected richer sources of the hundreds of books and documents pertaining to Texas and the Civil War.

MANUSCRIPTS

_Executive Record Books_ and _Governor's Letters_ (both in Texas State Archives) contain extensive correspondence and records relating to the problems of managing the state during the war.

REPRODUCED COPIES OF MANUSCRIPTS

_Collection of the Papers of Edmund Kirby Smith._ Folder No. 37-53 (1863-1866). Microfilm in Texas Collection, The University of Texas Library, original at University of North Carolina. Selected military problems of the departmental commander.

Oldham, W. S., _Memoirs, 1861-1867_. The University of Texas Archives. Rich comments by Texas' crusty Confederate Senator.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

_Eighth Census of the United States._ Government Printing Office, Washington, 1864. Statistics of 1860 Texas.

_Journal of the Secession Convention of Texas 1861._ Edited by Ernest W. Winkler. Austin Printing Co., Austin, 1912. Documentary coverage of the convention's work.

_Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion._ Government Printing Office, Washington, 1912.

_The War of Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies._ Government Printing Office, Washington, 1880-1901. Specific parts on Texas are: Series I, Vols. 1, 4, 9, 15, 26, 34, 41, and 48; Series II, Vol. 1.

OTHER PRIMARY SOURCES

Barron, S. B., _The Lone Star Defenders, A Chronicle of the Third Texas Cavalry, Ross' Brigade_. The Neale Publishing Co., New York, 1908.

Blessington, Joseph P., _The Campaigns of Walker's Texas Division_. Lange, Little & Co., New York, 1875.

DeBray, X. B., _A Sketch of the History of DeBray's (26th) Regiment of Texas Cavalry_. Von Boeckmann, Austin, 1884.

Heartsill, W. W., _Fourteen Hundred and 91 Days in the Confederate Army_. Edited by Bell I. Wiley. McCowat-Mercer Press, Jackson, Tenn., 1954.

McConnell, Joseph C., _The West Texas Frontier_. Gazette Printing Company, Jacksboro, Texas.

McHatton-Ripley, Eliza, _From Flag to Flag_. D. Appleton and Co., New York, 1889.

Newcomb, J. P., _Sketch of Secession Times in Texas_. San Francisco, 1863.

Noel, Theodore, _A Campaign from Santa Fe to the Mississippi: Being a History of the Old Sibley Brigade_. Shreveport News Printing Establishment, Shreveport, 1865.

North, Thomas, _Five Years in Texas; or What You Did Not Hear During the War from January 1861 to January 1866_. Elm Street Printing Co., Cincinnati, 1871.

Raines, C. W. [ed.], _Six Decades in Texas or Memoirs of Francis Richard Lubbock_. Ben C. Jones & Co., Austin, 1900.

_Texas Almanac_ (for the years 1859 through 1865.) Richardson & Co.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Bancroft, Hubert Howe, _History of the North Mexican States and Texas_. Vol. XVI of _The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft_. The History Co., San Francisco, 1889.

Blackburn, J. K. P., _Reminiscences of the Terry Rangers_. Austin, 1919.

Dyer, John P., _The Gallant Hood_. The Bobbs-Merrill Company, New York, 1950.

Friend, Llerena, _Sam Houston The Great Designer_. The University of Texas Press, Austin, 1954.

Giles, L. B., _Terry's Texas Rangers_. Copyright 1911.

Hamilton, D. H., _History of Company M First Texas Volunteer Infantry_, 1925.

Henderson, Harry McCorry, _Texas in the Confederacy_. The Naylor Company, San Antonio, 1955.

James, Joseph B., "Edmund Kirby Smith: Soldier of the South." Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Florida, 1935.

Loughery, Mrs. E. M., _War and Reconstruction Times in Texas, 1861-1865_. Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Austin, 1914.

Miller, Edmund T., _A Financial History of Texas_. Bulletin of the University of Texas, 1916: No. 37, July 1, 1916.

Owsley, Frank L., _King Cotton Diplomacy_. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1931.

Parks, Joseph H., _General Edmund Kirby Smith, C.S.A._ Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, 1954.

Pierce, Frank C., _A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley_. Geo. Banta Publishing Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, 1917.

Ramsdell, Charles W., _Reconstruction in Texas_. Columbia University, New York, 1910.

Rippy, J. Fred, _The United States and Mexico._ F. S. Crofts & Co., New York, 1931.

Roberts, O. M., _Texas_. Vol. XI of _Confederate Military History_. Edited by Gen. Clement A. Evans. Confederate Publishing Company, Atlanta, 1899. A half-volume survey of Texas in the war.

Rose, Victor M., _Ross' Texas Brigade_. The Courier-Journal Company, Louisville, 1881.

Smith, Ralph J., _Reminiscences of the Civil War_. San Marcos, 1911.

Wooten, Dudley, _A Comprehensive History of Texas 1685 to 1897_. William G. Scarff, Dallas, 1898.

Wright, Marcus J., _Texas in the War, 1861-1865_. Typed copy in Texas State Archives.

Yeary, Mamie, Compiled by, _Reminiscenses of the Boys in Gray 1861-1865_. Smith and Lamar, Dallas, 1912.

NEWSPAPERS

Several dozen different newspapers are available covering the period. A general guide to their existence and location is the rather outdated _Texas Newspapers 1813-1939_. Prepared by Historical Records Survey Program Division of Professional and Survey Projects. W. P. A. of Texas, San Jacinto Museum of History Association, Houston, 1941. Of particular value are:

_The Galveston Tri-Weekly News_--Texas State Archives and The University of Texas Library.

_The Southern Intelligencer_ (Austin)--Texas State Archives and The University of Texas Library.

_The Tri-Weekly Telegraph_ (Houston)--The University of Texas Library.

ARTICLES

Selections from _The Southwestern Historical Quarterly_ (earlier _The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association_) are helpful in fitting missing pieces into the picture. Of particular value are:

Bridge, C. A., "The Knights of the Golden Circle", LIV, No. 3, pp. 287-302.

Crimmins, Col. M. L., "An Episode in the Career of General David E. Twiggs", XLI, No. 2, pp. 167-73.

Delaney, Robert W., "Matamoros, Fort for Texas during the Civil War", LVIII, No. 4, pp. 473-87.

Elliott, Claude, "Union Sentiment in Texas 1861-1865", L, No. 4, pp. 449-77.

Maher, Edward R., Jr., "Sam Houston and Secession", LV, No. 4, pp. 448-58.

Ramsdell, Charles W., "The Texas State Military Board", XXVII, No. 4, pp. 253-75.

Sandbo, Anna I., "Beginnings of the Secession Movement in Texas", XVIII, No. 1, pp. 41-73; No. 2, pp. 162-94.

Valuable articles are also to be found in such journals as:

_Journal of Southern History_ _Mississippi Valley Historical Review_ _Southern Historical Society Papers_ _Southwest Review_ _West Texas Historical Association Year Book_

CHRONOLOGY

EVENTS IN TEXAS, 1861-1865

1861 January

5 Destruction of the printing office of _Die Union_ in Galveston by mob. 21 Convening of the State Legislature in Austin in compliance with Governor Houston's proclamation of December 17, 1860. 28 Approval of the State Legislature of a joint resolution authorizing the impending state convention to act for the people of Texas on the question of secession. Holding a Secession Convention in Austin by request of prominent citizens (O. M. Roberts, George Flournoy, Guy M. Bryan, W. S. Oldham and John Marshall) made on December 3, 1860. 30 Appointment of a Committee of Public Safety by the Secession Convention.

February

1 Approval of an ordinance of secession by the Secession Convention. 2 Committee of Public Safety directed to seize all Federal property in Texas. 4 Adjournment of the Secession Convention until March 2. 6 Address to the people of Texas by the opponents of secession (D. G. Burnett, E. M. Pease, E. J. Davis, A. J. Hamilton, J. W. Throckmorton, John and George Hancock). 9 Proclamation by Governor Houston ordering an election to be held February 23 for ratifying or rejecting the Ordinance of Secession. Adjournment of the Called Session of the Legislature until March 18. 16 Seizure of the U.S. Army Military Post, San Antonio, by representatives and forces under orders of the Committee of Safety. 18 Surrender of U.S. Military posts in Texas by General David E. Twiggs. 19 Substitution of Colonel Carlos A. Waite for General Twiggs as U.S. Army Commander, Department of Texas. 21 Seizure of U.S. property at Brazos Santiago by Colonel "Rip" Ford's Volunteers upon orders of the Committee of Safety. 21 Abandonment of Camp Cooper, Throckmorton County, by U.S. troops. 23 State election for ratifying or rejecting the Ordinance of Secession. 26 Abandonment of Camp Colorado, Coleman County, by U.S. troops.

March

1 Dismissal of General Twiggs from U.S. Army service. 2 Reassembly of the Secession Convention in Austin. Seizure of U.S. revenU.S.hooner _Henry Dodge_ by armed forces acting under orders of the Committee of Safety. 4 Votes canvassed on secession ordinance: for secession, 46,129; against, 14,697. 7 Abandonment of Ringgold Barracks, Starr County, and Camp Verde, Kerr County, by U.S. troops. 12 Abandonment of Camp McIntosh, Webb County, by U.S. troops. 15 Abandonment of Camp Wood, Real County, by U.S. troops. 16 Administering the Confederate oath of office to state officials in the presence of the Secession Convention; Governor Houston refused to take the oath. 17 Abandonment of Camp Hudson. Val Verde County, by U.S. troops. 19 Abandonment of Forts Clark, Kinney County; Inge, Uvalde County; and Lancaster, Crockett County, by U.S. troops. Governor Sam Houston's farewell address published in newspapers. 20 Abandonment of Fort Brown, Cameron County, and Fort Duncan, Maverick County, by U.S. troops. 23 Abandonment of Fort Chadbourne, Coke County, by U.S. troops. Ratification of the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States by the Secession Convention. 25 Adjournment of the Secession Convention. 29 Abandonment of Fort Mason, Mason County, by U.S. troops. 31 Abandonment of Fort Bliss, El Paso County, by U.S. troops.

April

5 Abandonment of Fort Quitman, Hudspeth County, by U.S. troops. 9 Adjournment of the called session of the legislature. 11 Arrival in New York of Federal troops from Texas aboard _U.S.S. Coatzacoalcos_. 12 Fort Sumter fired upon. 13 Abandonment of Fort Davis, Jeff Davis County, by U.S. troops. 17 Texas Volunteers under Colonel Earl Van Dorn, C.S.A., capture _Star Of The West_ off Texas coast near Indianola. 20 Seizure of U.S. Coast Guard schooner _Twilight_ by W. A. Jones, Deputy Custom Collector, Aransas, Texas. 21 Assumption of Military Command of Texas by Colonel Earl Van Doren, C.S.A. 23 U.S. Army officers at San Antonio made prisoners of war; capture of 8th U.S. Infantry near San Antonio. 25 Surrender of U.S. forces at Indianola. Abandonment of Fort Stockton, Pecos County, by U.S. troops.

May

9 Capture of U.S. troops near San Lucas Springs or Adams Hill, fifteen miles west of San Antonio. 5 Capture of Forts Arbuckle, Cobb and Washita, Indian Territory, by Texas state troops commanded by Colonel W. C. Young. 13-14 Burning of the _Alamo Express office_, San Antonio by the Knights of the Golden Circle

June

? Organization in Virginia of the First Texas Infantry Regiment. 13 Organization of the Third Regiment, Texas Cavalry.

July

2 Blockading of Galveston initiated by the _U.S.S. South Carolina_. 4-12 Destruction and capture of twelve vessels off Galveston by the _U.S.S. South Carolina_. Taking the Oath of Allegiance to the State of Texas and the Confederacy by Live Oak County residents at a mass meeting in Oakville. 8 Ordering of Brigadier General H. H. Sibley of Texas to expel U.S. forces from New Mexico. 27 Fort Filmore near Mesilla, New Mexico, captured by Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles under Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor, C.S.A.

August

? Skirmishing near Fort Bliss; preparation of Confederate forces for the invasion of New Mexico. 3 Bombardment of Confederate batteries at Galveston by _U.S.S. South Carolina_. 11 Ambushing of Lieutenant May's detachment of fourteen men, Company D, Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles, in a fight with Apaches near Fort Bliss. 14 Appointment of General Paul O. Hébert, Commander of all Confederate troops in Texas.

September

6 Mustering of the Sixth Regiment of Texas Cavalry into service at Camp Bartow, Dallas County. 7 Capturing of the _Solidad Cos_ off Galveston. Its cargo was coffee. 9 Mustering into service Terry's Texas Rangers at Houston. 18 Transferring the command of Confederate troops in Texas from General Van Dorn to General Hébert.

October

1-20 Discovery of a secret organization in Cooke and adjacent counties to overthrow the Confederate state Government resulting in numerous hangings in and near Gainesville. 2 Organization of the Ninth Texas Cavalry at Brogden Springs, twelve miles north of Sherman. 3 Capturing of the _Reindeer_ off San Luis Pass by the _U.S.S. Sam Houston_. 5-8 Evacuation of Galveston during a four day truce. 11-16 Military Operations from Fort Inge, Uvalde County, against Indians led by Sergeant W. Barrett and Company D, Second Regiment Texas Mounted Rifles. 22 Sibley's Brigade leaves San Antonio for the invasion of New Mexico. 27 Capturing of the brig _Delta_ off Galveston by the _U.S.S. Santee_.

November

1 Skirmishing between Indians and a scouting party of the First Texas Regiment Mounted Rifles near Pease River. 7 Francis R. Lubbock inaugurated governor. 8 Capture of the _Royal Yacht_ by Federal sailors in Bolivar Channel. 12 Organization of the First, Fourth and Fifth Texas Infantry Regiments and the Eighteenth Georgia Regiment into a brigade.

December

7 Suspension by Texas Legislature of all law providing for the collection of certain debts and liabilities on bonds, promissory notes, bills of exchange and contracts for money payments until January 1, 1864, or six months after the end of the war, except for those applying to enemy aliens. 30 Capturing of the schooner _Gasonne_ off Galveston.

1862 January

6 Permission by the State Legislature to Anderson County allowing the levying and collection of taxes sufficient to pay for 128 Morse Rifles. Legislative appropriation of $5,000 to pay the cost of transporting all clothing or other contributions to Texans in the Confederate service. 8 Legislative provision for a Hospital Fund of $150,000 to care for the sick and wounded Texas Soldiers. 11 Legislation creating a State Military Board with authority to buy arms and munitions, to manufacture arms and munitions and establish foundries for the manufacture of ordinance and arms. 13 Legislative authorization of County Patrols. 14 Legislative appropriation of $1,000,000 for military purposes.

February

11-13 Policing of Aransas Bay by Federal Navy. 21 Defeat by General H. H. Sibley's Brigade of the Federal forces at Val Verde and the capture of Albuquerque and Santa Fe. 22 Attack on Aransas Pass by U.S. Navy.

March

25 Organization of Sixteenth Texas Volunteer Infantry Regiment at Camp Groce near Hempstead, Texas. 28 Defeat of General H. H. Sibley's Brigade at Glorietta, N. M.; return of troops to Texas and collapse of John R. Baylor's Confederate government in the Arizona Territory.

April

5 Patroling by the U.S. Navy in San Luis Pass, Galveston Island. ? Organizing and enlisting of the Thirty-First Texas Cavalry for the duration of the war. 16 Enactment of the first Confederate conscription law. 22 Capture of U.S. Navy launches off Aransas Pass. 25 Capture of U.S. Troops at Saluria (Matagorda Island). Surrender of U.S. forces at Indianola.

May

14-15 U.S. Navy demonstrations at Galveston. 26 Creation of the Trans-Mississippi Military Department of the Confederacy. 30 Declaration of martial law in Texas.

July

4 Attack on U.S. vessels at Velasco. 7-17 Increased Patrol activity by U.S. Navy in San Luis Pass.

August

? Burning of Fort Bliss by retreating units of Sibley's Regiment; reoccupation of reservation by Federals. 10 Skirmishing at Nueces River, near Fort Clark, Texas, between Unionists and Confederates. 11 Action by U.S. Navy at Velasco. 12 Capture of the _Breaker_ and the destruction of the _Hannah_ at Corpus Christi. 16-18 Bombardment of Corpus Christi by U.S. Navy. 20 Placing Texas and Arizona Territory in the Trans-Mississippi Military Department.

September

2 Enactment of new Confederate conscription law raising the age limit to include all males from 18 to 45; repeal of martial law in Texas. 13-14 Operations at Flour Bluff, near Corpus Christi. 24 U.S. Navy bombards and captures Sabine Pass. 26 U.S. Navy captured Sabine City. 27 U.S. Navy attempts to burn railroad bridge across Taylor's Bayou in Jefferson County.

October

2 Burning of the railroad depot at Beaumont. 5 Capture of Galveston by U.S. forces. 10 Arrival of General J. B. Magruder to command Confederate forces in Texas. 29 Confederate troops attack U.S. Steamer _Dan_ at Sabine City. 31 Bombardment of Lavaca by U.S. Naval forces.

November

14 Naming of A. J. Hamilton Federal Military Governor of Texas. 20 U.S. Naval action near Matagorda. 29 General J. B. Magruder assumes command of District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona with headquarters in Houston.

December

12 Naval action against Confederate installation on Padre Island. 24 Occupation of Galveston by Federal forces.

1863 January

1 Confederate use of a combined land and water attack to capture Galveston as well as the _Harriett Lane_ and to destroy the _Westfield_. 11 Naval engagement near Galveston between the Federal _Hatteras_ and the Confederate _Alabama_. 31 Confederate gunboats _Josia Bell_ and _Uncle Ben_ capture Union warships _Morning Light_ and _Velocity_ off Sabine Pass.

March

5 Legislative addition of $200,000 to the Hospital Fund; appropriation of $600,000 for distribution among needy members of soldier's families and doubling of state tax rate.

April

18 U.S. Navy paid a call on Sabine Pass, resulting in capture of landing party.

May

3 U.S. Navy landing party upon Joseph Island attacked and repulsed. 22 Capture of the schooner _Stingaree_ on the Brazos River. 30 U.S. Navy attack at Port Isabel.

August

10-13 Mutiny at Galveston.

September

8 Repulse of General Bank's expedition at Sabine Pass by Lieutenant Dick Dowling's men.

November

2-6 Occupation of Brazos Island and Brownsville, result of Federal combined army and navy action. 5 Pendleton Murrah inaugurated Governor. 17 Capture of Confederate battery at Aransas Pass. 22 Skirmishing in Cedar Bayou, Matagorda County. 25 U.S. Navy attack on and capture of Fort Esperanza, Matagorda Island.

December

1 A. J. Hamilton arrives at Brownsville and attempts to exercise authority as Military Governor of Texas. 10 Legislative authorization for the Governor to sell $2,000,000 of cotton bonds. 15 Enactment of law defining "sedition" and "disloyalty" and setting the punishment upon conviction before a jury. Legislative appropriation of $200,000 for the Hospital Fund. Legislative appropriation of $1,000,000 to be spent in the next biennium for support and maintenance of families of Texas officers and soldiers. 16 Appropriation of $1,000,000 in Confederate State Treasury notes to be expended for the defense of the state's western frontier, 1864 and 1865. Severe Indian raids in Montague and Cooke counties. 23 Indianola occupied by a Federal Brigade. 29 Skirmishing of Confederates and Federals on Matagorda Bay; attack of U.S. Navy on Cavallo Pass.

1864 January

3 Major General Francis J. Herron assumed command of Federal forces on the Rio Grande. 8 Naval action at entrance of Caney Creek, Matagorda County. 21-25 Reconnaissance on Matagorda Peninsula.

February