Chapter 3
THE RELATION OF THE TERRITORY TO MIGRATION 259
INDEX 302
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
_Face page_
A pair of Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers attacking a Great Spotted Woodpecker _Frontispiece_
Territorial flight of the Black-tailed Godwit 54
Competition for territory is seldom more severe than among cliff-breeding seabirds, and the efforts of individual Razorbills to secure positions on the crowded ledges lead to desperate struggles 64
Male Blackbirds fighting for the possession of territory. The bare skin on the crown of the defeated bird shows the nature of the injuries from which it succumbed 74
Male Cuckoos fighting before the arrival of a female 82
Two pairs of Pied Wagtails fighting in defence of their territories 86
Long-tailed Tit: males fighting for the possession of territory. The feathers have been torn from the crown of the defeated and dying rival 96
A battle between two pairs of Jays 106
The Female Chaffinch shares in the defence of the territory and attacks other females 110
Peregrine Falcon attacking a Raven 216
A battle between a pair of Green Woodpeckers and a Great Spotted Woodpecker for the possession of a hole in an oak-tree 238
Plans of the Water-meadow showing the Territories occupied by Lapwings in 1915 and 1916 _Between_ 58 and 59
SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF BIRDS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT
Raven _Corvus corax._
Carrion-Crow _Corvus corone._
Hooded Crow _Corvus cornix._
Rook _Corvus frugilegus._
Magpie _Pica pica._
Jay _Garrulus glandarius rufitergum._
Chough _Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax._
Starling _Sturnus vulgaris._
Greenfinch _Chloris chloris._
Hawfinch _Coccothraustes coccothraustes._
House-Sparrow _Passer domesticus._
Chaffinch _Fringilla coelebs._
Brambling _Fringilla montifringilla._
Linnet _Acanthis cannabina._
Corn-Bunting _Emberiza calandra._
Yellow Bunting _Emberiza citrinella._
Cirl Bunting _Emberiza cirlus._
Reed-Bunting _Emberiza schoeniclus._
Sky-Lark _Alauda arvensis._
Pied Wagtail _Motacilla lugubris._
Tree-Pipit _Anthus trivialis._
Meadow-Pipit _Anthus pratensis._
Great Titmouse _Parus major newtoni._
Blue Titmouse _Parus coeruleus obscurus._
Long-tailed Titmouse _Ægithalus caudatus roseus._
Red-backed Shrike _Lanius collurio._
Whitethroat _Sylvia communis._
Lesser Whitethroat _Sylvia curruca._
Blackcap _Sylvia atricapilla._
Grasshopper-Warbler _Locustella noevia._
Savi's Warbler _Locustella luscinioides._
Reed-Warbler _Acrocephalus scirpaceus._
Marsh-Warbler _Acrocephalus palustris._
Sedge-Warbler _Acrocephalus schoenobænus._
Willow-Warbler _Phylloscopus trochilus._
Wood-Warbler _Phylloscopus sibilatrix._
Chiffchaff _Phylloscopus collybita._
Song-Thrush _Turdus musicus clarkii._
Redwing _Turdus iliacus._
Blackbird _Turdus merula._
Redstart _Phoenicurus phoenicurus._
Redbreast _Erithacus rubecula melophilus._
Nightingale _Luscinia megarhyncha._
Stonechat _Saxicola rubicola._
Whinchat _Saxicola rubetra._
Wheatear _OEnanthe oenanthe._
Hedge-Sparrow _Accentor modularis._
Wren _Troglodytes troglodytes._
Spotted Flycatcher _Muscicapa striata._
Swallow _Hirundo rustica._
Martin _Delichon urbica._
Sand-Martin _Riparia riparia._
Great Spotted Woodpecker _Dryobates major anglicus._
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker _Dryobates minor._
Green Woodpecker _Picus viridis._
Cuckoo _Cuculus canorus._
Tawny Owl _Strix aluco._
Buzzard _Buteo buteo._
Sparrow-Hawk _Accipiter nisus._
Peregrine Falcon _Falco peregrinus._
Merlin _Falco æsalon._
Kestrel _Falco tinnunculus._
Shag _Phalacrocorax graculus._
Wild Duck _Anas boschas._
Snipe _Gallinago gallinago._
Dunlin _Tringa alpina._
Ruff _Machetes pugnax._
Redshank _Totanus totanus._
Black-tailed Godwit _Limosa limosa._
Curlew _Numenius arquata._
Whimbrel _Numenius phæopus._
American Golden Plover _Charadrius dominicus._
Lapwing _Vanellus vanellus._
Oyster-Catcher _Hæmatopus ostralegus._
Herring-Gull _Larus argentatus._
Kittiwake _Rissa tridactyla._
Razorbill _Alca torda._
Guillemot _Uria troille._
Puffin _Fratercula arctica._
Fulmar _Fulmarus glacialis._
Water-Rail _Rallus aquaticus._
Corn-Crake _Crex crex._
Moor-Hen _Gallinula chloropus._
Coot _Fulica atra._
Wood-Pigeon _Columba palumbus._
Turtle-Dove _Streptopelia turtur._
Partridge _Perdix perdix._
Black Grouse _Lyrurus tetrix britannicus._
Red Grouse _Lagopus scoticus._
TERRITORY IN BIRD LIFE