CHAPTER I. THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH 11

II. TANIS 29

III. NAUKRATIS 36

IV. DAPHNAE--TAHPANHES 50

V. NEBESHEH 64

VI. UP THE NILE 71

VII. HAWARA 81

VIII. ILLAHUN AND KAHUN 107

IX. GUROB 128

X. MEDUM 138

XI. FRESH LIGHT ON THE PAST 148

XII. THE ART OF EXCAVATING 156

XIII. THE FELLAH 167

XIV. THE ACTIVE TRIPPER IN EGYPT 187

ADDENDA TO BAEDECKER’S VOCABULARY 196

INDEX 197

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

_Frontispiece._--Portraits painted in wax, from Roman Mummies, Hawara.

_Map._--Position of Places in Egypt named in this Volume 10

1. The Pyramids of Gizeh 11

2. My Tomb at Gizeh 12

3. Triangulation of Pyramids, Gizeh 15

4. Granite Casing Third Pyramid 17

5. Temple of Third Pyramid 18

6. Casing beneath Rubbish North of Pyramid. Arab Hole above it 20

7. Mace-head of Khafra 23

8. Pyramid Doors 24

9. Pivot Hole of Door and Cutting of Roof; South Pyramid Dahshur 24

10. Sawn Basalt 26

11. Tubular Drill Hole 26

12. Granite Drill Core 26

13. Graving in Diorite 27

14. Section of Bowl turned with Radius Tool 27

15. Plummet of Khufu 28

16. Gizeh Pyramids from the Desert 28

17. Temple of Tanis from East End; Pylon in distance 29

18. Stele of Ptolemy II 31

19. Gold Ring 33

20. Bakakhuiu 34

21. Hieroglyphics, with Hieratic Form and Explanation 35

22. Ruins of Fort, with Arab Cemetery 36

23. Cypriote Soldier 37

24. Dedication of Statue to Heliodoros, by the Naukratites 38

25. Necking of Column, Apollo Temple 40

26. Oldest Ionic Dedication, 660? B.C 41

27. Naukratite Cup 41

28. Examples of Dedications (transliterated) to Apollo, Aphrodite, Hera, and the Dioskouroi 42

29. Foundation Deposit Models 43

30. Dedication of Palaistra 44

31. Scarab Mould and Scarab 45

32. Coin of Naukratis 45

33. Iron Tools 46

34. Negro on Naukratite Vase 48

35. Naukratite Design 48

36. Part of Embossed Gold Band. About 70 A.D 49

37. Ruins of Daphnae, in the Desert 50

38. Restoration of the Fort, showing the Large Platform before the Entry 52

39. Foundation Deposit 53

40. Greek Vase, imitated from form of Egyptian Metal Vase 55

41. Vase with different Patterns 56

42. Great Vase; Subjects, Boreas and Typhon 57

43. Iron Tools 58

44. Gold Handle 59

45. Sealed Jar Neck, with name of Amasis 60

46. Daphniote Gold Work 62

47. Silver Shrine, and Gold Figure of Ra 63

48. Granite Shrine of Temple 64

49. Foundation Deposit 66

50. Sanctuary and Temples 67

51. Lykaonian Spearheads and Vases 68

52. Ushabti Figures, Twentieth Dynasty 70

53. A Nile Morning 71

54. Tablets of Kings, Fifth to Twelfth Dynasties 73

55. An Inscribed Rock at Silsileh 74

56. Tablet of Antef and Mentuhotep III 74

57. Animal Figures at Silsileh 75

58. Oldest Tool in Egypt 76

59. People of Pun, S. Arabia 76

60. Hanebu, Early Greek 77

61. Entrance of South Pyramid. Casing destroyed below it 78

62. North Pyramid, and Southern in Distance 79

63. Way-marks on Fayum Road 80

64. Pyramid of Hawara 81

65. Flint Knife 82

66. Pedestals of Biahmu 83

67. Wall of Court 83

68. Section of Court, with Statue 84

69. Plan of Pyramid 87

70. Inscription of Amenemhat III 89

71. Altar of Neferu-ptah 89

72. Vulture and Cow, from Coffin Lid 95

73. Four Stages of Mummy Decoration 98

74. Cut-glass Vase 101

75. Side of Ivory Casket 102

76. Sedan Chair, Terra Cotta 102

77. Roman Rag Dolls 103

78. Building North of Birket Kerun 105

79. Interior of Building 105

80. Toy Bird on Wheels, Hawara 106

81. Pyramid of Illahun 107

82. Foundation Deposit 112

83. North side of Kahun, showing Line of Town Wall 113

84. Steps to Upper Buildings on Hill 114

85. Basket with Tools 115

86. Castanets and Figure of Dancer 116

87. Ivory Baboon 117

88. Flint Tools 118

89. Plasterers’ Floats, and Brick-mould 118

90. Agricultural Tools of Wood 119

91. Fire Apparatus 119

92. Set of Tools, Vases, and Mirror 120

93. Clay Toys, Twelfth Dynasty 121

94. Objects from Maket Tomb 123

95. Flint Hippopotamus, Twelfth Dynasty 127

96. Bronze Pans, Nineteenth Dynasty 128

97. Bronze Interlocking Hinges 129

98. Bronze Tools 129

99. Coffin Head of Anen the Tursha Official 130

100. Wooden Statuettes of a Priestess, and the Lady Res 131

101. Hittite Harper 132

102. Phoenician Venus Mirror 132

103. Aegean Vases 133

104. Blue and Yellow Glass Bottle 133

105. Blue-glazed Vases 134

106. Blue-glazed Bowls 135

107. Ivory Duck Box 137

108. Pyramid of Medum 138

109. Court of Temple 141

110. Section of Pyramid 142

111. Columns of Third Dynasty 143

112. Forms of Rubbish-heap, and of Ruins of Building 157

113. Houses in the Delta, with Rain-proof Domes 168

114. Houses in Middle Egypt 170

115. Houses in Upper Egypt 172

KINGS AND DYNASTIES NAMED IN THIS VOLUME

APPROXIMATE DYNASTY. DATE B.C.

IV. Seneferu, Khufu, Khafra, Menkaura 4000-3800

V. Ra-kha-nefer, Unas 3700-3500

VI. Rameri-Pepi 3400

XI. Antef-aa II, Mentuhotep IV, Antef V, Sankhkara 2800

XII. Amenemhat I, II, Usertesen II, III, Amenemhat III 2700-2500

XIV. Nehesi-Ra 2300

XVI. Apepi 1900

XVIII. Tahutmes III, Amenhotep III, IV, Khuenaten 1450-1350

XIX. Ramessu II, Merenptah I 1250-1150

XX. Ramessu III 1100

XXII. Usarkon I 950

XXV. Tirhaka, Amenardus 700

XXVI. Psamtik (Psammetikhos) I, II; Uahabra (Apries); Aahmes II (Amasis) 666-526

Ptolemaic. Ptolemy II (Philadelphos) 286-247

Roman period 30 B.C.-400 A.D.

Coptic period about 400-700 A.D.

Cufic period about 700-1000 A.D.

Arabic period 1000 A.D. to present

(The last terms are used vaguely for general indications.)