d. Absolute attributes 180

4. Serial groups 205

C. MORPHOLOGY 210

1. Composition 210 2. General features of word-formation 211 3. Description of formations 218

I. Primary groups (zero, pag-, pang-) 218

A. Simple static forms 218

(1) Root-words 218 (2) Doubling 223 (3) Reduplication 224 (4) Prefix pang- 224

B. Transients, abstracts, and special static words 226

(1) Active with -um- and abstract with pag- 226 (2) Active with mag- and abstract with pag- r 231 (3) Active with mang- and abstract with pang- r 239 (4) Special static words 241 (5) Direct passive, with -in 243 (6) Special static words 247 (7) Instrumental passive, with i- 247 (8) Special static words 250 (9) Local passive, with -an 250 (10) Special static words 257

II. Secondary groups 262

1. Prefix si- 262 2. Prefix paki- 263 3. Prefix ka- 265

(1) Simple static forms 265 (2) Normal transients, abstracts, and special static forms 268 (3) Additional transients, abstracts, and special static forms 280

4. Prefix pa- 298

(1) Simple static forms 299 (2) Normal transients, abstracts, and special static forms 301 (3) Transients and abstracts with pa- and ka- 309

5. Prefix pati- 313

III. Irregular derivatives 314