Surveying and Levelling Instruments, Theoretically and Practically Described. For construction, qualities, selection, preservation, adjustments, and uses; with other apparatus and appliances used by civil engineers and surveyors in the field.

CHAPTER XVI.

Chapter 1643 wordsPublic domain

INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING LAND AND CIVIL WORKS DIRECTLY:--Chains-- Various Tellers--Standard Chains--Arrows--Drop Arrows--Vice for Adjusting Chain--Caink's Rule for Inclines--Steel Bands--Wire Land Measures--Linen Tapes--Offset Rods--Pine Standard Rods--Rods with Iron Core--Beam Compass Rods--Coincidence Measurements-- Compensated Rods--Base Line Apparatus--Coast Survey Lines-- Perambulator--Pedometer--Passometer--Sounding Chains--Sounding Lines--Telemeters--Hand Rods--Rules 490