Chapter 11

538 Or _Bêl-ṣarbe_, title of Nergal, v. VAB. IV 170, 67. Between lines 17 and 18 the variant inserts two lines.

539 But Mars in Amos 5, 26. I accept here the later identifications, Nergal-Mars, Ninurta-Saturn. The identifications in the earlier period of Babylonian astronomy appear to have been Ninurta-Mars and Nergal-Saturn.

540 Probably the astronomical form of Nusku as god of the new moon, IV R. 23a 4. His character as fire god is symbolized by the torch, ZA. VI 242, 24. In II 10 supply _Gibil_ after ZIMMERN RT. 27, 5. As fire god he is messenger of Enlil.

_ 541 Papsukal_, messenger of Zamama, god of Kiš, a form of Ninurta. He also like Nusku derives his messenger character from his connection with light, _Papsukal ša še-ir-ti_, Papsukal of the morning light, CT. 24, 40, 53. Since Ninurta is identified with Alpha of Orion, Pap-sukal is identified with one of the stars in Orion, CT. 33, 2 II 2; _mul__sib-zi-an-na __d__Pap-sukal [sukal __d__Anim Ištar]_ restored from VIROLLEAUD, _Supplement_ LXVII 10. Here he is messenger of heaven and of Ishtar as Venus, queen of heaven, that is, he is a messenger of the powers of celestial light. Nusku and Pap-sukal often occur together in magic texts, _Shurpu_ VIII 10.

542 Here probably Sakkut as lord of light and justice, god of Isin, in his normal capacity. See BL. 120 n. 6. His emblem is something made of date palm, _šág, gišimmar_. This deity is unknown in magic texts except in ZIMMERN, Rt. 70, 8.

543 Ishtar of Erech is Venus as evening star, the effeminate Venus of Erech, see _Tammuz and Ishtar_, 54 and 180 n. 4.

544 Venus as morning star. The Ishtar of Agade was the type of war goddess, see op. cit. p. 100; hence Venus as morning star is sometimes called the Bow Star, KUGLER, _Sternkunde_ II 198.

545 Western title of Geštinanna, sister of Ishtar. Here perhaps the constellation Virgo.

546 The seven gods are the Pleiades, CT. 33, 2, 44. Since they are followed by Enmesharra perhaps here to be identified with the seven sons of Enmesharra (see BE. 31, 35). In ZA. VI 242, 20 _gi-uru-gal-meš_, “the great reed spears” are symbols of the seven great gods, sons of Išhara. But traces of the last sign are not those of _MEŠ_ here.

547 In astronomy a form of Nin-urta = Saturn, but by character allied to Nergal a lower world deity. See line 11 above. For E. as Saturn note V Raw. 46_a_ 21, his star _UDU-LIM_ and II R. 48, 52 the same star is _d__UDU-BAD-sag-uš = kaimânu_, Saturn. See also BE. 31, 35 n. 4 line 12, _kaimānu_ title of Enmesharra.

_ 548 šimeššalû_ employed in medical texts, see SAI. 3574 and JASTROW, _Medical Text_ Rev. 5. Here also without _giš_. HOLMA, _Beiträge zum assyrischen Lexicon_, p. 85, identified it with Syr. _šamšārā_, Persian and Arabic _šimšar_.

549 Passim in medical and incantation texts, CT. 23, 45, 9; RA. 14, 88, 6; EBELING, KTA. 26 R. 20; IV R. 55 No. 2, 18., etc.

550 Here variant ZIM. Rt. 27 Obv. II begins.

551 Written _sìg dar-a_.

552 The name of this deity is not legible in ZIMMERN’S variant and the first sign of the name on the Nippur text is doubtful but apparently the _šeššig_ and _gunu_ of _Galu_, that is REC. 100 later _RAB+GAN_, (v. SAI. p. 155 note 1). After this sign ZIMMERN and I have seen a sign _KU_ or _ŠU_. _Labartu_ is usually written _RAB+GAN-ME_. Here we may have to do with some new ideogram for this deity. She is the daughter of Anu, HAUPT, ASKT. 94, 59. A prayer to the daughter of Anu is KING, _Magic_ No. 61, 5-21.

553 ZIM. _SU_.

554 But in ZA. VI 242, 23 symbol of Azagsud.

555 But ZA. VI 242, 24 Nusku, fire god in Nippur pantheon.

556 See MUSS-ARNOLT, p. 940. Also note _niknakku ša ḳu-ta-ri_, censer of incense, CT. 29, 50, 9; _ḳutari ša šipti_, incense pertaining to the ritual of the incantation, _ibid._ 20. _ḳutari_ is a plural form employed to denote several acts of fumigation.

557 Reading established by Rev. II 8. But see MEEK, AJSL 31, 287, _li-si to ne-su(n)_ gloss on the star _Ne-sùn_; son of Ninlil, hence a star in Ninlil’s constellation Ursa Major, VIROLLEAUD, _Sin_ XIII 22.

558 Perhaps _igi-sig-sig_; cf. CT. 24, 3, 25.

559 In ZA. VI 242, 19, symbol of Enlil. But CT. 16, 24, 25 hero of Anu. In rituals generally with _kušgugalû_.

560 Sword bearer (_nāš patri_) of Enlil, CT. 24, 10, 16.

561 Symbol of Anu in ZA. VI 242, 19.

562 Priest of Enlil, CT. 24, 10, 13. Cf. _GUD-NINDA = mîru_, young ox, SBC. 19, 14.

563 ZA. VI 242, 15 gypsum is _d__MAŠ_.

564 But ZA. VI 242, 15 bitumen is the _asakku_ demon.

565 A pest demon son of Anu, III R. 69, 70. On the other hand, ZA. VI 246, 22 the scapegoat represents the patron of flocks Ninamašazag who supplies the goat. When sin is transferred to the goat it falls under the protection of Kushu. See Rev. I 6.

566 Cf. _d__En-udu-til-la_, SBP. 150 n. 5 I. 8.

567 Patron of flocks and fire god.

568 That is burnt offering.

569 I. e. Ea as the god of potters. Nunurra is _paḫaru rabû_ of Anu, MEEK BA. X pt. 1 p. 42, 14. Note CT. 24, 14, 41, _d__Nun-ŭr-ra(duk) ḳa-[gaz_].

570 Sic! Semitic.

571 Cf. IV R. 28* No. 4 Rev. 3. The symbols in lines 24-6 are obscure.

572 Lugalgirra and Meslamtaea.

573 The temple of Gula and Ungal of Nippur, CLAY, BE. XV 34, 2. _Ungal_ = _tênisêti_, population. God of the people of Nippur.

574 See previous footnote.

575 A form of Enki as patron of metallurgy. See RA. 12, 83 n. 5.

_ 576 sun_ probable reading for _BAD_ in this sense. Offerings to the _giš-sun_, GENOUILLAC, _Drehem_, 5505 Obv. II 15.

577 Sign a confusion of _NI+giš_ and _KAK+giš_, see RA. 13, 3.

_ 578 Zû_, the eagle, bird of the blazing sun, Ninurta, Ningirsu, is the only emblematic animal that figures as a deity. The myth of his conflict with the serpent in the story of Etana dramatizes the old legend of the conflict between sun and clouds. He appears in magic here for the first time.

579 See Vab. IV 154, 44 and note.

_ 580 šu_ here for _ša_, feminine. The form should be dual.

581 Gunu of _MA_ = _tittu_; Sumerian _peš_, value also assigned to _MA_ = _tittu_ in the Chicago Syllabar, 115 f.

_ 582 kīṣu_, compensation for _kiṣṣu_. See also STRASSMAIER, _Nabonidus_ 699, 24, _ki-ṣu_. Note that the _ḫulduppu_ (probably an image of a scapegoat) symbol of Kuši is placed opposite the door in ZIM. Rt. p. 168, 29.

583 CLAY, _Personal Names of the Cassite Period_, mentions a deity _Si-lak-ku-ku_(?). In any case a Cassite deity not mentioned in Babylonian lists and texts.

584 Otherwise unknown. A Cassite deity(?).

585 Probably same as _Abagal_, DEIMEL, _Pantheon_, p. 43.

586 Cf. ZIMMERN, 27 R. 14-17.

587 Written NU. Cf. ZIMMERN, 27 Rev. I 19.

588 Cf. _ibid._ 21.

589 Sign is _ḪU-gunu_ an error for _SI-gunu_. Only the latter sign has the values bright, burn. Line 8 proves that the sign is based on _SI_.

_ 590 nīn-muš_. The sign _ŠEŠ_ has the value _muš_. Note SAI. 2629 the gloss _ga-an-ŠEŠ_ and variant _Chicago Syllabar_ 212 _ga-an-muš_. See also JRAS. 1905, 81-4-28 l. 14. For _muš = banû_ cf. SAI. 1916.

591 This is a real library note and is clear evidence for assuming that the temple of Nippur possessed a library, at least in the Cassite period. For similar library notes on the tablets from Aššur, see RA. 13, 99. Note also the Smith Esagila tablet published by SCHEIL, _Memoires de l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres XXXIX_, Rev. 7, _mûdû mûdâ likallim la mûdâ ul immar an pî duppi gabri Barsip-ki šaṭir-ma UB-ṬU ù ba-ri_. For _an pi (KA)_, see RA. 13, 92.