CHAPTER IV.

SKETCH OF THE LITERATURE CONNECTED WITH THE GRAIL CYCLE.

Villemarqué--Halliwell--San Marte (A. Schulz)--Simrock-- Rochat--Furnivall's reprint of the Grand St. Graal and of Borron--J. F. Campbell--Furnivall's Queste--Paulin Paris-- Potvin's Conte du Graal--Bergmann--Skeat's Joseph of Arimathea--Hucher: Grail Celtic, date of Borron--Zarncke, Zur Geschichte der Gralsage; Grail belongs to Christian legend--Birch-Hirschfeld develops Zarncke's views: Grand St. Graal younger than Queste, both presuppose Chrestien and an earlier Queste, the Didot-Perceval, which forms integral part of Borron's trilogy; Mabinogi later than Chrestien; various members of the cycle dated--Martin combats Birch-Hirschfeld: Borron later than Chrestien, whose poem represents oldest stage of the romance, which has its roots in Celtic tradition--Hertz--Criticism of Birch-Hirschfeld page 97