Category: Science - Biology

Studies of trees in winter

Outside my window the trees in a little wood stand leafless. Everything which made this wood a delight in June, the contrast of light and shade among the leaves, the varying tones of green in broken sunlight, the warmth and color and summer freshness, has gone, but the trees t...

Chapters

1. Chapter I

Outside my window the trees in a little wood stand leafless. Everything which made this wood a delight in June, the contrast of light and shade among the leaves, the varying ton...

2. Chapter II

The horsechestnut is so well known and its winter characteristics so clearly marked that I have chosen it first for description, although no species of the family is found growi...

3. CHAPTER III

4. Chapter III

Maples have long been famous for beauty of blossom in the early spring, and richness of foliage in the late summer and autumn; but a study of the twigs and buds after the leaves...

5. CHAPTER IV

6. Chapter IV

In winter there is little to attract us in ash trees beyond a certain bold strength of trunk and limb. There is no grace or delicacy whatever in the branches, the twigs are coar...

7. CHAPTER V

8. Chapter V

Few trees are more lofty and majestic than certain species of walnuts and hickories. They are stately in summer, but in winter, when the foliage has gone and every branch and tw...

9. CHAPTER VI

10. Chapter VI

The birches are a family of exceedingly graceful and attractive trees, and charm us quite as much in winter by the color of their stems and the delicacy of their twigs, as they...

11. CHAPTER VII

12. Chapter VII

Although the beech, chestnut, and oaks are divided into three separate genera, they all belong to the family _Fagaceæ_. It is an interesting family in winter and deserves carefu...

13. CHAPTER VIII

14. Chapter VIII

The elms are remarkable for the massive strength of their trunk and limbs and for the light delicacy of their small branches and twigs as we see them against the sky in winter....

15. CHAPTER IX

16. Chapter IX

_A large tree, 80 to 100 feet high, with an irregular, picturesque outline. The bark breaks off in thin, brittle plates at the base of the trunk, and higher up it is smooth, an...

17. CHAPTER X

18. Chapter X

The _Leguminosæ_ are a large order of plants including many different genera,—from the little clover by the wayside to the honey locust trees, 140 feet high. The trees of the di...

19. CHAPTER XI

20. Chapter XI

The _Tiliaceæ_ are a tropical family with a single genus, the linden, as a representative in our climate. There are two species found wild south of New York besides the common l...

21. CHAPTER XII

22. Chapter XII

The magnolia family is made up of trees and shrubs belonging mainly to the tropics, but it has two genera in the Northeastern States,—the magnolia and the tulip tree. They are p...

23. CHAPTER XIII

24. Chapter XIII

The rose family is a very large order of trees, shrubs, and herbs belonging to temperate climates. There are numerous genera, including valuable fruit and ornamental trees which...

25. Chapter XIV

Among the willows there are so many hybrids and varieties that their classification is difficult even in summer when an analysis of the flowers is possible. Most of the species...

26. Chapter XV

The larch is the only native Northern genus of the pine family which loses its leaves in winter; all the other native genera are evergreens. There is one indigenous species, and...