Part 45

Baby, new-born, helpless condition of, 5, 400. Baby-worship, 17. Bagehot, Walter, 280. Baldwin, J. Mark, 11 note, 20, 40 note, 335 note, 484 note. Barnes, Earl, 125 note, 224, 368 note. Beard, drawing of, 358. Beauty. _See_ Æsthetic Feeling and Art. Binet, A., 19, 82. Birth, child’s ideas of, 1, 107, 117. _See_ Origins. Black, instinctive dislike of, 202, 204, 215, 451, 497. Body, relation of, to self, 110, 113, 115, 457; treatment of, in early drawings, 344; representation of, in profile, 362; drawing of animal, 374; first examination of, 403. Bridgman, Laura, 169, 244. Bright objects, attraction of, 300, 403, 409. Brown, H. W., 22 note, 74, 95, 97, 105, 112, 121, 255, 275, 313. Burial, child’s ideas of, 121; his shrinking from, 478, 486. Burnett, F. H., 43, 44, 237, 257. Burnham, W. H., 27 note, 30 note.

C.

Canton, W., 39, 96, 102, 173 note, 186, 209. Catlin, G., 356. Causation, cause, first inquiries into, 78, 446, 457; child’s ideas of, 79, 80, 448; effect and, confused, 80, 99, 165. Ceremonial observances of child, 281. Champneys, F. H., 196 note, 420 note. Child, modern interest in, 1; scientific inquiry into, 3; psychological investigation of, 7; relation of, to race, 8; concern of education with, 10; observation of, 10; qualifications for observing, 14; individuality of, 23. Coleridge, Hartley, 113. Colour, order of discrimination of, 19, 437; child’s delight in, 300; preferences for certain, 301; liking for contrast of, 302; first observation of, 422; recognition of affinities of, 465; recognition of opposition of, 481. Coloured hearing, 33. Comic, sense of the. _See_ Fun. Commands, child’s first use of, 172, 430. _See_ Law. Comparison, beginnings of, 71. Compayré, G., 37 note, 76, 169 note, 173 note, 208, 217, 249. Concretism, 163. Contrast, early use of. _See_ Antithesis. Contrast of colours, early perception of, 481. Conversation, child’s first attempt at, 431. Cooke, E., 333 note, 334, 338, 339, 373, 374 note, 375 note, 388. Courage, attempt to inculcate, 470. Creation. _See_ Origin of things. Cruelty, towards children, 226, 292; nature of children’s, 239. Crying, of child at birth, 400; precedes smiling, 406. Curiosity, as characteristic of child, 83; as counteractive of fear, 225; as motive to maltreatment of animals, 241. _See_ Questioning. Custom, child’s respect for, 280.

D.

Dark, child’s fear of, 211, 462. Destructiveness, as characteristic of child, 240. Darwin, C., 139, 141, 146, 233 note, 407 note, 411 note, 417 note. Deaf-mutes, gesture language of, 173, 175. Death, child’s ideas respecting, 120, 463; his feeling on witnessing, 237, 238, 496; dread of losing mother by, 245; his shrinking from, 478. Defiance. _See_ Law. De Quincey, T., 251. Dialectic, child’s skill in, 275, 449, 460. Dickens, Charles, 53. Difference, dissimilarity, perception of, 67, 441. Disappearance, puzzle of, for the child, 84; child’s first ideas of, 444. Discipline, moral, lying as related to, 258; resistance to, 268; criticism of, 275, 286; child’s imitation of, 285; problem of, 290. Discrimination. _See_ Difference. Disobedience, child’s attitude of. _See_ Law. Distance, child’s inadequate ideas of, 99; first perception of, 414. Doll, place of, in child’s play, 42; treatment of, by child, 43; illusion of, 44, 492; fear of, 204, 410. Domenech, Abbé, 385 note. Dramatic representation, effects of, on child, 315. Drawings of children; general characteristics of, 331; crude beginnings of, 333; first attempts at human figure, 335; treatment of head, 335; facial features, 337; evolution of features, 340; treatment of the trunk, 344; of the arms, 348; of the hand, 351; of the legs, 354; of the foot, 355; introduction of profile elements, 356; mixed schemes of human figure, 367; representation of action, 369; treatment of accessories, 370; of animals, 372; of man on horseback, 377; of man in boat, house, etc., 380; of house, 381; _résumé_ of facts, 382; defects of, 382; showing what is invisible, 383, 392; explanation of facts, 385; mental process involved in, 385; child’s observation as reflected in, 393; his ideas of objects as illustrated in, 394; rudiments of artistic value in, 396. Dreams, child’s first ideas of, 103; as excitants of fear, 218; early examples of, 455, 481, 500, 505, 506. Dress, child’s dislike of new, 202, 319, 410; his treatment of, in drawings, 371. Droz, G., 21.

E.

Ears, drawing of, 343, 361. Earth, the, child’s ideas of, 100, 482. Echo, childish interpretation of, 496. Education, importance of child-study for, 10. Egger, E., 40 note, 47, 107 note, 153. Egoism of child. _See_ Morality. Egyptians, drawings of, 361, 366, 369. Emotion. _See_ Feelings. Envy, as childish characteristic, 231. Erasmus, D., 87. Evolution, doctrine of, bearing of, on child-study, 5, 8; on children’s fear, 208; on their angry outbursts, 234; illustrated in child’s drawings, 382. Exaggeration, child’s tendency to, 255. Excuses, child’s invention of, 271. Experiment, carrying out of, on child, 17. Expression of feeling, through sounds, 136; original form of, 461. Eyes, drawings of, 340; treatment of, in profile, 359, 360; treatment of animal, 373; learning to control movements of, 401, 402.

F.

Fairies, child’s belief in, 59, 124, 454, 466. Fancy. _See_ Imagination. Fatalism, traces of, in child-thought, 273. Fear, in children, the observation of, 193; startling effects of sounds, 194; feeling of bodily insecurity, 197; of visible objects, 198; of strange things, 199; of strange persons, 201, 410; of new clothes, 202, 410; of the sea, 202; of ugly dolls, 204, 410; of moving things, 205; of shadows, 206; of animals, 207, 433; of the dark, 211, 462; explanation of, 219; comparison of child’s with animal’s, 220; with savage’s, 220; with abnormal terror, 221; action of experience upon, 221; palliatives of, 223; of bath, 470; of lamp, 493. Feelings of child, problem of studying, 191; expression of, 192. Flowers, child’s love of, 305. Folk-etymology, 188. Foot, child’s mode of drawing, 355; representation of, in profile, 364. Form, child’s observation of, 60, 393, 421, 465. Fry, I., 224, 253. Fun, child’s sense of, 316, 411, 434, 450.

G.

Galton, F., 45, 404. Games. _See_ Play. General ideas, generalisation, first rudiments of, 141, 161; early examples of, 162, 404, 420. Gesture, early use of, as signs, 138; of deaf-mutes, 173, 175. Ghosts, germ of fear of, in child, 462. God; child’s ideas of his form, 126; of his dwelling-place, 126; of his creative activity, 127, 478; of his omniscience, 128; of his omnipresence, 129; of his goodness, 130; of his eternity, 131; of his triune being, 331. Goethe, J. W. von, 241 note, 315, 512. Goltz, B., 42, 53, 185 note, 186 note. Government. _See_ Discipline. Grace of child, 321. Grammatical forms, child’s indifference to, 161, 440. Grasping, movement of, 412. Grave. _See_ Burial. Greed of child, 231, 432. Grosse, E., 319, 327, 368. Growth, ascribed by child to lifeless things, 97, 449; child’s inquiries into, 80, 457; his ideas of, 104, 485; and subsequent shrinkage, 105. Guyau, J. M., 253.

H.

Habit, influence of, seen in children’s drawings, 390, 392. Hair, drawing of, 343. Hale, Horatio, 145. Hall, G. Stanley, 34, 101, 122, 125, 135 note, 140, 188, 256, 262, 264 note, 338 note, 350 note. Hallucination, traces of, in child, 423, 500, 501, 511. Hands, child’s manner of drawing, 351; first use of, 400, 401; discrimination of right and left, 484. Happiness of child, problem of, 222. Harte, Bret, 65. Heaven, children’s ideas of, 122, 126, 479. Heavenly bodies, children’s ideas of, 99, 100, 482. Heine, H., 3. Hell, child’s fear of, 224. Helpfulness of child, 246. History, child’s treatment of, 503. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 61. Hugo, Victor, 3, 213. Humane feelings, compassion for animals, etc. _See_ Sympathy. Humorous aspect of child, 3. Hypnotic suggestion, hypnotism, 13, 254, 257, 261, 294.

I.

‘I,’ ‘me,’ first use of, 178, 428, 439, 444. Idealism, traces of, in child, 117. Ideas of children. _See_ Imagination and Thought. Illusion, in transformation of objects by imagination, 31, 500; in play, 47; tendency to morbid, 62. Image. _See_ Semblance. Imagination, age of, 25; differences in power of, among children, 26; transformation of objects of sense by, 29, 500; relation of, to play, 35; free projection of images of, 51; and Storyland, 54; connexion between, and thought, 70; as element in fear, 218; relation of, to lying, 254, 438; early development of, 405, 438. Imitation, imitative movement; in early language-signs, 142, 147, 417; in early forms of sympathy, 243, 408; beginnings of, 322, 415. Incantation, playing at, 501. Indignation, moral, manifestations of, in child, 248, 452, 474. Individuality of child, 23. Ingelow, Jean, 31, 118. Inheritance of fear, 208, 411. Inquisitiveness. _See_ Curiosity. Insensibility of child, 236. Instinct, in articulation, 134; in fear, 198; in angry passion, 235; in truth-telling, 264; in respect for law, 279. Invention, artistic, 325; practical, 435; of language forms, _see_ Language.

J.

Janet, Pierre, 445.

K.

Kipling, Rudyard, 12. Kratz, H. E., 82, 126.

L.

La Fontaine, J. de, 239. Lamb, Charles, 213. Language, linguistics of child; early instinctive sounds, 134, 416; transition to true speech, 138; imitation of sounds, 142, 147, 417; original inventions of language signs, 145; transformation of our sounds, 148, 419; process of learning to speak, 154, 160; transposition of sounds of words, 155; reduplication of sounds, 156; assimilation of sounds, 156; logical side of language, 160; first use of general signs, 161; spontaneous extension of verbal signs, 162, 420, 440; designation of correlative ideas, 164, 468; formation of compound names, 167; other inventions, 168, 182, 455, 468; first sentences, 170, 420; inversion of order of words, 173; mode of expressing negation, 174, 442; early solecisms, 176, 440; use of pronouns, ‘I,’ ‘you,’ 178, 444; trying to get at our meanings, 183; word-play, 187; stickling for accuracy of words, 189, 466. Laughter. _See_ Fun. Law, early struggles with, 267, 451; devices for evading, 270; instinctive respect for, 277, 434; relation of custom to, 280; child’s spontaneous extension of, 281; his jealous insistence on, 285; his voluntary submission to, 287. Law-giver, the wise, 290. Leg, child’s mode of drawing, 354; representation of, in profile, 364; treatment of animal’s, 375. Liberty, respect for, in moral training, 296; child’s love of, 473. Lies, lying, viewed as characteristic of child, 251; early forms of, 252, 432, 438; permanent, 260; contagiousness of, 261; shrinking from, 261. Likeness. _See_ Portrait and Similarity. Locke, John, 9, 34, 213, 218. Lombroso, P., 119 note, 166 note, 169, 255 note, 271 note. Loti, Pierre, 203. Lubbock, Sir John, 45.

M.

Maillet, E., 173. Make-believe, as characteristic of child, 38, 434. _See_ Play and Acting. Man, first drawings of, 335; first use of name, 425; theory of creation of, 478. Marshall, H. Rutgers, 327 note. Maspero, G., 369 note. Materialism of child, 125, 507. Memory, of our early experiences, 15; of words of story, 57, 466; tenacity of children’s, 69; illusion of, 258; beginnings of permanent, 437, 481. Metaphor, in children’s use of language, 163, 175, 426, 442, 455, 483. Metathesis, 155. Minto, W., 164. Mirror-reflexions, as aiding in growth of self-knowledge, 112; understanding of, 309. Moral depravity, doctrine of, 1, 229. Morality of child, question of, 228; anti-social tendencies, 230, 473; altruistic tendencies, 242; lying, 251; summary of moral traits, 265. Motet, A. A., 261 note. Mother, child’s love of, 243, 245, 498; first recognition of, 404. Mouth, modes of drawing, 340; carrying objects to, 401, 415; use of, in turning key, 435. Movement, as sign of life, 96. Movements, muscular, in early attempts to draw, 333; first aimless, 412; early purposive, 412. Müller, F. Max, 147 note, 177. Multitude of things, child’s perplexity at, 84. Music, musical sounds, disconcerting effect of, 195, 409; enjoyment of, 308, 492. Myth, child’s belief in, 59. _See_ Story.

N.

Names, asking for, 77. _See_ Language. Natural phenomena, nature; child’s ideas of, 90, 469, 482; early æsthetic feeling for, 306. Neck, drawing of, 346. Negation, early verbal forms of, 174, 442; early gesture for, 417. Neophobia, 221. Nervous system of child, imperfect development of, 61; sounds as disturbing shock to, 195, 197. Noirée, L., 144 note. Nose, modes of drawing, 341, 357. Novelty, effect of, on children’s feeling, 199, 409, 410. Number, disregard of, in drawing, 352; first ideas of, 456; growth of clearer ideas of, 468, 484.

O.

Obedience and disobedience of children, 267. _See_ Law. Observation, of children’s minds, 10; characteristics of children’s, 66; selectiveness of, 67; defects of, in children, 393; early examples of, 402, 452, 464, 465, 480. Onomatopoetic sounds, in children’s language, 143, 418. Origin of things, child’s inquiries into, 79, 85, 446, 483, 485; his theories respecting, 107, 478. Ornament. _See_ Adornment.

P.

Passy, J., 339 note, 361, 368. Payn, James, 12 note, 185, 215 note. Peasants, association with, 504. Perez, Bernard, 106 note, 193 note, 195 note, 199 note, 232, 241, 252, 260 note, 298, 305 note, 306, 315, 320, 337, 341, 417 note. Perplexity, child’s feeling of, 83, 463. Personal identity, altered personality; child’s notions respecting, 116, 445, 461. Personification. _See_ Vivification. Pestalozzi, J. H., 47. Petrie, W. M. F., 310, 311 note, 366 note. Photographs, child’s feeling about, 461. Pictures, treatment of, by child, 50; dislike of cruel, 250; interpretation of, 309. Pitt-Rivers, A., General, 336, 340 note, 344, 355, 356, 359, 360, 366, 368, 371. Pity, for animals. _See_ Sympathy. Play, and imaginative realisation, 35, 438, 494, 501; imitative, 37; as acting a part, 38; part of surroundings in, 39; solitary, 40; with toys, 42; illusion of, 47; relation of, to art, 321. Please, wish to, as social tendency in child, 246; as leading to exaggerated statement, 256. Pleasure and pain, instinctive expression of, 191; action of, as motives, 415. Pollock, Sir F., 172, 173, 174, 175. Portrait, dog’s fear of, 220; recognition of, 309. _See_ Photographs. Position, of pictures, child’s indifference to, 310; his neglect of relative, in drawing, 338. Postgate, J. P., 149 note, 157 note. Power, love of, as element in childish cruelty, 240. Prayer, child’s manner of, 127, 130, 283, 477, 486. Prevarication. _See_ Lies. Preyer, W., 19, 110, 113, 135, 136, 140, 141 note, 142, 143, 145, 148 note, 152, 153, 155, 159, 160 note, 162, 165, 169, 171 note, 172, 177 note, 179, 181, 182 note, 191, 195, 196, 198 note, 201, 202, 208, 210, 233, 285, 301, 333, 335 note, 414 note, 417 note. Priggishness of child, 286, 471. Profile, child’s manner of drawing, 356, 384, 392, 394. Pronouns, first use of, 178, 440. Proportion, defective perception of, 304; want of, in early drawings, 339, 346, 381, 383. Psychology, importance of child for, 7. Punishment, child’s protests against, 276; his insistence on undergoing, 288; self-infliction of, 289. Punning, 187. Purpose, child’s projection of idea of, 81. _See_ Cause.

Q.

Queyrat, F., 27. Questioning, children’s, date of first, 75; significance of, 75; various directions of, 76; as to reasons and causes, 77, 447, 457; rage of, 83, 446; about origins, 85, 485; metaphysical direction of, 87; about nature’s processes, 87; how to deal with, 89. Quinet, Edgar, 57.

R.

Reaching out to objects. _See_ Grasping. Realism, æsthetic, of child, 314. Reason, reasoning, the dawn of, 64; early practical form of, 71; seen in comparison, 71; in discovering connexions of things, 73; child’s manner of, 80, 93, 448, 458, 459, 469, 470; growth of power of, 447, 459. Rebelliousness of child, 269, 452. _See_ Law. Recognition of objects, beginnings of, 68, 404; of pictures, 309. Reduplication of sounds, 137, 156. Reflexions, early attention to, 405, 406. _See_ Mirror. Religion, child’s experience of, 506; invention of, 510. Remorse after lying, 262; after disobedience, 278; nature of child’s, 477. Rhyme, child’s feeling for, 451. Rhythm, child’s feeling for, 308. Ricci, Corrado, 335, 360 note, 363 note, 369, 379 note, 380. Robinson, Dr. Louis, 17. Romancings. _See_ Story. Romanes, G. J., 139 note, 164 note, 220. Rousseau, J. J., 1, 214, 218, 228, 272. Rules. _See_ Law. Ruskin, J., 25, 32, 41, 241 note, 247.

S.

Sand, George, 43, 109, 113, 223; childhood of, 489. Savage, his fondness for toys, 45; names of, 168; æsthetic taste of, 306, 307; adornment of, 318; drawings of, 331 note, 332, 336, 337, 338, 340, 344, 345 note, 346 note, 348, 349, 352, 353, 355, 356, 358 note, 359, 361, 365, 366, 368, 371, 372, 373, 374 note, 377, 379, 381. Schoolcraft, H. R., 337 note, 344, 352 note, 369 note, 373 note, 374 note, 379. Schultze, F., 153. Science and childhood, 3. Scott, Sir Walter, 196. Sea, curiosity respecting, 83; child’s first impression of, 202, 433. Secrets, secreting objects, 252. Self, child’s first ideas about, 109, 113, 457; consciousness of, 114, 426; way of speaking of, 178, 444. Self-feeling, as element in child’s anger, 235, 471. Self-restraint, germ of, 288, 436. Self-will in child, 451. _See_ Law. Semblance, child’s production of, 323; his understanding of, 313. Sensation, attribution of, to objects, 449. _See_ Vivification. Sensibility, sensitiveness, of child, 191. Sentence, first formation of, 171, 420; growth of, 430, 440. Sentence-words, 171. Shadows, child’s ideas of, 113; his fear of, 206. Shinn, M. W., 18 note, 86, 129, 173, 196, 221 note, 239, 301, 302, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312. Shrinkage, ascribed by child to inanimate objects, 97; child’s ideas of, in old age, 105. Shyness, child’s feeling of, 450. Sigismund, B., 4. Sight, sense of, first exercises of, 401, 404. Sign-making, as spontaneous impulses in child, 138, 431. _See_ Gesture and Language. Sikorski, Dr., 213. Similarity, child’s feeling for, 33; play of, seen in extension of names, 162, 426; early perception of, 72, 441. Sky, children’s ideas of distance of, 99; their conception of form of, 100. Smile, first appearance of, 11, 401; growth of, 407. Sociability, social feelings, germs of, in child, 242, 433. _See_ Sympathy. Soul, child’s idea of. _See_ Animism. Sounds, as sign of life, 97; early spontaneous, 134; fear of, 194, 409. _See_ Articulation. Space, first perceptions of, 4. Speech. _See_ Language. Spencer, Herbert, 125. Steinen, Karl von den, 331 note, 336 note, 338, 345, 348 note, 352 note, 355, 371, 372, 379. Stephen, Leslie, 307 note. Stevens, E. M., 81 note, 124, 212. Stevenson, R. L., 36, 39, 95 note, 206, 214, 225 note, 323, 326. Story, as stimulus to imagination, 54; child’s respect for exact words of, 57; acting out of, in play, 58; early attempts at invention of, 59, 328, 453, 467, 494; understanding of, 314. Strangers, child’s fear of, 201, 410. Substantive, first use of, 170. _See_ Language. Subterfuges of children, 262, 271, 451. Supernatural, the, child’s ideas of, 124; fear of, 212, 491, 505. _See_ Fairies. Symbolism, in art representation, 325, 336, 383, 390. Sympathy, as qualification of the child-observer, 14; with inanimate objects, 30; lack of, in children, 236; early forms of, 243, 408, 433; beginnings of genuine, 244, 451, 474; with animals, 247, 467, 475, 485; with toys, etc., 249. Sweet, H., 155 note.

T.

Taine, H., 141, 142. Teasing, as characteristic of child, 242. Tender emotion, 450, 461. Terrifying children, 226. Thackeray, W. M., 56. Theological ideas, 120. _See_ God. Thought of children, the process of, 64; products of, 91; tendency to system in, 91; compared with thought of primitive man, 92; _modus operandi_ of, 93. Thunder, child’s ideas of, 101; his fear of, 196, 433. Tiedemann, D., 140. Time, first notions of, 119, 429, 443, 455. Tolstoi, Count L., 192 note, 238 note. Touch, first sensations of, 400; examination of things by, 403. Toys, imaginative transformation of, 42; affection lavished on, 249. _See_ Doll and Play. Tracy, F., 148 note, 205 note, 405 note. Training, moral, wrong and right methods of, 291. _See_ Discipline. Trunk. _See_ Body. Truth, child’s instinctive respect for, 264, 476. _See_ Lies. Tylor, E. B., 168 note.

U.

Unseen, as field for imagination, 52. Untruth. _See_ Lies.

V.

Vanity of child, 320, 471. Veracity. _See_ Truth and Lies. Verb, first use of, 176, 429. Verse, child’s feeling for, 308, 491; his early attempts at, 329. Vivification, of lifeless objects, 30, 96, 459; of toys, 46.

W.

Will, first manifestation of, 412. Wiltshire, S. E., 258, 262. Wind, children’s ideas of, 95; dislike of, 409. Women as observers of children’s minds, 18. Wonder, child’s tendency to, 77; early manifestations of, 408, 462. Worcester Collection of Thoughts and Reasonings of Children. _See_ Brown, H. W. Words, power of, on child’s imagination, 54; scrupulous regard for, in stories, 57. _See_ Language. Writing, invention of, 503.

THE END.

Transcriber’s Note

Several footnotes appeared without identifying numbers, though the anchors in the text are present, and have been included in the sequence.

Those errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. Minor lapses in the punctuation in the Index have been corrected. The references below are to the page and line in the original. The following issues should be noted, along with the resolutions.

7.6 “state of conscio[n/u]sness,” Inverted. 23.15 the movements[ ]of children’s minds. Inserted. 68.36 retaining it even at meals[.] Added. 137.28 to repeat the per[f]ormance Inserted. 156.2 ‘jaymen’ for ‘geranium[’] Added. 178.11 ‘you,’ ‘me,’ [‘]mine,’ Added. 187.26 called his doll [‘]Shakespeare’ Added. 187.31 ‘ham-chovies[’], Added. 210.5 shyings of the horse[.] Added. 215.32 gives no clear indications of fear[.] Added. 224.20 nastily (from its brimstone)[.] Added. 243.26 introduced by ‘naughtiness’[.] Added. 257.26 with other forces[.] Added. 251.24 in a world of evil and strife.[”/’] Replaced. 440.39 there is clearly a redundance[.] Added. 441.38 first contrasts to impr[e]ss Inserted. 492.6 “There’s Aurore playing the wirework[.]” Added.