Part 22

Staudinger, Dr., seasonal dimorphism of _Euch. Belia_ and _E. Ausonia_, 3, 48; butterflies of Finnmark, 20; _P. Napi_ var. _Bryoniæ_ from Lapland, 44, 49; larvæ of _Ch. alecto_, 193; affinities of _Nymphalis_ and _Apatura_, 438.

_Stauropus Fagi_, protective habits of larva, 290.

Sterility, causes of, 596; a result of reversion, 597; law of, in reversion forms, 599.

Stoat, seasonal change of colour, 7.

Strauch, “Revision of _Salamandridæ_” referred to, 570, 577.

Strecker, H., N. American species of _Smerinthus_, 453.

Stripes, longitudinal, 312, 372; oblique, 317, 373.

T.

Tadpoles, arrested development, 607.

Tegetmeier, W. B., metamorphosis of _Siredon_, 566.

Teleology and Mechanism, 694.

_Terebrantia_, larvæ, 508.

Transformation, causes of, 460, 496; factors of, 676.

_Trematoda_, alternation of generations in, 83.

Trimen, Roland; larva of _Lopho. Dumolinii_, 527; of _Ch. Capensis_, 529; phytophagic variability of larva of _Ach. Atropos_, 531.

_Triptogon roseipennis_, larva, 244.

_Triton_; _T. alpestris_, sexual larva, 585; reproductive larvæ, 590. Degeneration in genus, 612. Species of Upper Engadine, 631.

Typical parts, modified by environment, 501, 513.

U.

Upper Engadine; Amphibia, 615; climate, 616; frog from, 618; Tritons of, 631.

Urea, synthesis of, 643.

V.

_Vanessa._ _V. Urticæ_, climatic variation, 60; _V. Atalanta_, _Urticæ_, and _polychloros_, variable in two stages, 405; _V. Io_, variable in one stage, 407. Congruence and incongruence in genus, 446; phyletic completeness of, 447; arrangement of spines on larvæ, 448.

Variability, origin, 107; limited, 114, 362, 653, 655; independent in different stages, 402; definition of, 404; a relative term, 408; causes of, in pupæ, 411; primary and secondary, 416; independent in different larval stages, 416; phytophagic, 305, 531; Von Hartmann’s views, 646; not unlimited, 647, 652, 655, 683; factors of, 676, 684; mechanical theory of, 677; individual, 681, 685.

Variation; climatic, 45, 686; causes of, 105; analogous, 683; abrupt not inherited, 701.

Varieties, climatic, distinct from local, 45.

Velasco, Señor, Axolotl of L. St. Isabel, 626.

Vital force, phyletic, elimination of, 287; objections to, 352, 461, 511, 518; ontogenetic, abandonment of, 641, 687.

W.

Wallace, A. R.; introduction of the expression “seasonal dimorphism,” 1; on the dull colours of female butterflies, 8; sexual dimorphism of butterflies, 32; local variation in colour, 60; comparison of seasonal dimorphism with alternation of generations, 80; the bright colours of caterpillars, 293; on adaptation, 589; on variability, 654, 658.

Wallace, Dr., colour changes in larva of _B. Cynthia_, 7.

Walsh, B. D., phytophagic variation, 305.

Weale, J. P. M., on the young larvæ of _Pap. merope_ and _Gyn. Isis_, 166; the larva of _Ach. Atropos_ in S. Africa, 263; habits of S. African Sphinx-caterpillars, 290.

Weir, J. Jenner, the colour variations of _Hip. semele_, 8; experiments with brightly-coloured, hairy, and spiny caterpillars, 336.

Westwood, Prof. J. O., seasonal dimorphism of _Eph. punctaria_, 4; figure of caterpillar referred to, 243; gynandromorphic butterfly, 249.

White colour, protection afforded by, 6, 659, 661.

White, Dr. F. B., local variation in British Lepidoptera, 60; young _Notua_ larvæ, 166.

Wiedersheim, on the anatomy of _Amblystoma_, 577; habits of _Geotriton fuscus_, 617; anatomy of Axolotl, 623.

Wigand, on the non-increase in size of the gooseberry, 654.

Wilde, O., on larva of _Dei. Galii_, 213; of _Dei. Hippophaës_, 218; larval characters of the _Notodontidæ_, 443.

Wilson, Owen, figure of larva of _Ch. porcellus_ referred to, 188.

Wöhler, Prof., the synthesis of urea, 643.

Wood, T. W., photographic sensitiveness of Lepidopterous pupæ, 405.

Würtemberger, on Ammonites, 275.

Y.

Yenisei, Swedish Expedition referred to, 20.

Z.

Zeller, P. C., seasonal dimorphism of _Pl. Polysperchon_ and _Pl. Amyntas_, 2; of Italian butterflies, 75.

ERRATA.

Page 81, line 8 from top, and throughout essay, for “_Daphnidæ_” read “_Daphniidæ_.”

Page 95, line 3 from bottom, for “Daphnoidea” read “Daphniacea.”

Page 166, line 7 from bottom (note), for “p. 438” read “p. 433.”

Page 245, line 17 from bottom (note), for “Ställ” read “Stoll.”

Page 263, after the word “insects” (bottom line of note), add, “but the whole marking is suggestive of distastefulness.”

Page 296, line 3 from bottom, for “Stähelina--collector” read “Stähelin--a collector.”

Page 305, line 5 from bottom (note), for “In 1869” read “In 1865.”

Page 434, bottom line of note, for “Geometræ” read “Bombycidæ.”

Page 494, line 2 from top, for “from which a larval form” read “from a larval form which.”

Page 542, line 12 from top, for “_Dione Vanilla_” read “_Dione Vanillæ_.”

Page 544, line 15 from bottom, for “_Siderome_” read “_Siderone_.”

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks were corrected.

Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.

“Errata” at the end of this Volume have been applied to the relevant text of this eBook.

This is Volume II of a two-volume set. The Table of Contents for both volumes is in Volume I.

The Index for both volumes is in this one. References to pages 1-400 will be found in Volume I.

Footnotes and references to them have been renumbered into one continuous sequence and moved to the end of the text of this eBook, immediately preceding the Index. The sequence begins at “171” because there are 170 footnotes in Volume I. Some “See note”" references may be incorrect.

Reading devices that cannot display some of the characters in this eBook may substitute question marks or other placeholders.

Page 414: “Hippophae” was printed that way, rather than as “Hippophæ”.

Page 423: “Stage VII. Pupation.” was printed in the second column.

Page 436: “Phaeton” was printed that way, rather than as “Phæton”.

Page 642: “yelk” was printed that way.

Page 539: The names in the “Species” line were italicized, but the underscores used here to represent italics have been omitted from that line to make the diagram narrower.

Volume II is available at no charge from Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.org, as eBook number 47847. An eBook combining both volumes is available as eBook number 47849.