Part 34

[166] _Carpi commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super anatomia mundini una cum textu eiusdem in pristinum et verum nitorem redacto_, Bologna, 1521. An earlier and less important edition of Carpi was the _Anathomia Mundini noviter impressa ac per Carpum castigata_ that appeared at Bologna in 1514.

[167] The figures in Ketham and in the wretched productions of Johannes Adelphus (J. A. Muelich), of Hundt, and of Peyligk can hardly be said to illustrate the text of anatomical treatises.

[168] Albano Sorbelli, _Le Croniche Bolognesi del Secolo XIV_, Bologna, 1900; _La Signoria di Giovanni Visconti a Bologna_, Bologna, 1901; Michele Medici, loc. cit., p. 4.

[169] Giovanni Fantuzzi, _Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi_, Tom. v, p. 196, Bologna, 1786.

[170] Hastings Rashdall, _The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages_, 3 vols., Oxford, 1895, vol. i, p. 244.

[171] He is mentioned in this capacity by Niccolò Burzio, _Bononia illustrata_, Bologna, 1494. We have been unable to consult this work, which is quoted by Fantuzzi, loc. cit. See also Ferdinando Gabotto, _Bartolomeo Manfredi e l’Astrologia alla Corte di Mantova_, Torino, 1891, p. 19.

[172] Manfredi’s University career is extracted from Umberto Dallari, _I rotuli dei lettori legisti e artisti dello studio bolognese dal 1384 al 1799_, Bologna, vol. i, 1888, and Luigi Nardi and Emilio Orioli, _Chartularium Studii Bononiensis_, Imola, vol. i, 1907.

[173] See also P. A. Orlandi, _Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi_, Bologna, 1714.

[174] Johannes Franciscus Picus Mirandula, _Disputationes adversus astrologos_, Lib. ii, cap. 9, Bologna, 1495. Our quotation is from the original 1495 edition, not from the slightly variant _édition contrefaite_.

[175] G. Fantuzzi, loc. cit., p. 197.

[176] U. Santini, ‘Cenni statistici sulla Popolazione del Quartiere di S. Proclo in Bologna’, in _Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie di Romagna_, series 3, vol. xxxiv, pp. 366 and 367, Bologna, 1906.

[177] See map of the old University buildings of Bologna prefixed to Francesco Cavazza, _Le Scuole dell’ antico studio bolognese_, Milan, 1896.

[178] The date 1462, clearly printed on this edition, is certainly erroneous, since there was no printing-press at Bologna till 1471. A. E. Nordenskiöld (_Facsimile Atlas till Kartografiens äldesta Historia_, Stockholm, 1889, p. 12) consider that 1472 is the true date, but the point is not yet finally settled. See J. A. J. de Villiers, ‘Famous Maps in the British Museum’, in _Geographical Journal_, vol. liv, London, August 1914, p. 173. Albano Sorbelli, in his authoritative _I Primordi della Stampa in Bologna_, Bologna, 1908, does not mention Manfredi’s edition of Ptolemy among the earliest printed Bolognese works (1471-5).

[179] Albrecht von Haller, _Bibliotheca anatomica_, Zürich, 1774-7, vol. ii, p. 738.

[180] Michele Medici, _Compendio storico della Scuola anatomica di Bologna dal Rinascimento delle Scienze e delle Lettere a tutto il Secolo XVIII_, Bologna, 1857, folio.

[181] G. Martinotti, ‘L’insegnamento dell’ anatomia in Bologna prima del secolo XIX’, in _Studi e Memorie per la Storia dell’ Università di Bologna_, vol. ii. Bologna, 1911.

[182] Mazzatinti, _Inventari dei Manoscritti delle Biblioteche d’Italia_, Forli & Firenze, 1890-1915, vols. i to xxiii, in progress.

[183] Lino Sighinolfi, _L’Architettura Bentivolesca in Bologna e il Palazzo del Podestà_, Bologna, 1909.

[184] Several short sketches or tractates on anatomy in the vernacular are however known. Thus a Provençal anatomical tractate of the thirteenth century has been published by K. Sudhoff in his _Beitrag zur Gesch. der Anatomie im Mittelalter_, Leipzig, 1908.

[185] Cf. Galen, _De usu partium corporis humani_, Lib. x, chap. 12.

[186] Cf. Rhazes, _Almansur_, i. 4.

[187] Manfredi here follows Mondino, who confuses Galen’s fourth pair with Galen’s sixth pair of nerves.

[188] See P. de Koning, _Trois Traités d’Anatomie arabes_, Leyden, 1903, p. 47.

[189] See J. Wiberg, ‘The Anatomy of the Brain in the Works of Galen and ‘Ali ‘Abbas; a comparative historical-anatomical study’, _Janus_, vol. xix, p. 17 and p. 84, Leyden, January and March, 1914.

[190] See A. Schneider, ‘Die Psychologie Alberts des Grossen’, p. 160, in _Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters_, Band iv, Heft 5, Munich, 1903.

[191] Constantine Africanus, _De communibus medico cognitu necessariis locis_, Lib. iii, cap. 11, Edition Henricus Petrus, Basel, 1541.

[192] _Practica Petrocelli Salernitani. Epistola. Quot annis latuit medicina_. S. de Renzi, _Collectio Salernitana_. Naples, 1852-9, vol. iv, p. 189.

[193] A very elaborate study of the doctrine of the three vesicles of the brain has recently been made by Walther Sudhoff, ‘Die Lehre von den Hirnventrikeln’, in the _Archiv für Gesch. der Med._, Leipzig, 1914, vol. vii, p. 149.

[194] See F. G. A. Stumpff, _Historia nervorum cerebralium ab antiquissimis temporibus usque ad Willisium nec non Vieussensium. Dissertatio inauguralis_, Berlin, 1841; C. Daremberg, _Œuvres anatomiques, physiologiques et médicales de Galien_, Paris, 1854, p. 583, &c.; G. Helmreich, ΓΑΛΗΝΟΥ, περὶ χρείας μορίων, Leipzig, 1909; and Theodor Beck, ‘Die Galenischen Hirnnerven in moderner Beleuchtung’, in _Arch. für Gesch. der Med_., vol. iii, p. 110, Leipzig, 1910.

[195] Galen, _De usu partium_, ix. 4; _De Hippocratis et Platonis decretis_, vii. 3.

[196] The first edition of the work appeared in 1496.

[197] The so-called _Anatomia Richardi Anglici_, which has been printed by Robert Ritter von Töply (Vienna, 1902), is really the same as the pseudo-Galenic _Anatomia vivorum_, to which Richard’s name was not attached until the fourteenth century. See Christoph Ferckel, _Archiv für die Gesch. der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik_, vol. vi, p. 78, Leipzig, 1912, and K. Sudhoff, _Archiv für Gesch. der Medizin_, vol. viii, p. 71, Leipzig, 1915.

[198] E. Nicaise, _La Grande Chirurgie de Guy de Chauliac_, p. 45, Paris, 1890.

[199] J. Pagel, _Die Anatomie des Heinrich von Mondeville_, Berlin, 1889, p. 37.

[200] For the whole question of early figures of the eye consult K. Sudhoff, ‘Augenanatomiebilder im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert’ in his _Illustrationen medizinischer Handschriften und Frühdrucke_. Leipzig, 1907; and the same writer’s recent article on ‘Augendurchschnittsbilder aus Abendland und Morgenland’ in _Archiv für Gesch. der Medizin_, vol. viii, p. 1, Leipzig, 1915.

[201] Our figure from the _Margarita philosophiae_ has been taken from the 1503 edition, the earliest to which we have had access. A figure in the _Philosophiae naturalis compendium_ of K. Peyligk, dated Leipzig, 1489, is so inferior as to be negligible in this connexion.

[202] W. Harvey, _Prelectiones anatomiae universalis_, reproduced in facsimile from the author’s MS. notes, London, 1886, folio 72 recto.

[203] W. Harvey, _Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis_, Frankfort, 1628. The opening passage of the dedication to Charles I may be translated as follows: ‘Most serene king, the heart of animals is the basis of their life, the sun of their microcosm, that from which all strength proceeds. The king is in like manner the basis of his kingdom, the sun of his world, the heart of the commonwealth, whence all power derives, all grace appears.’

[204] _Historia animalium_, vi. 3.

[205] _Historia animalium_, ii. 11; _De Partibus animalium_, iii. 4.

[206] _Historia animalium_, i. 14 and iii. 3; _De Partibus animalium_, iii. 4. The question of the identity of these chambers is a difficult one. We have followed T. E. Lones, _Aristotle’s Researches in Natural Science_, London, 1912, p. 137, where the conflicting views are summarized.

[207] Galen, Περὶ ἀνατομικω̑ν ἐγχειρήσεων, Book 7 (157); καὶ θαυμαστὸν οὐδέν, ἄλλα τε πολλὰ κατὰ τὰς ἀνατομὰς ᾽Αριστοτέλη διαμαρτει̑ν, καὶ ἡγει̑σθαι τρει̑ς ἔχειν κοιλίας ἐπὶ τω̑ν μεγάλων ζώων τὴν καρδίαν, Kühn, ii. 62.

[208] Haly Abbas expressly denies its existence, chap. 21.

[209] P. Koning, _Trois traités d’anatomie arabes_, Leyden, 1903, 687, renders the passage as follows: ‘Dans le cœur il y a trois cavités, deux grandes et une autre qui se trouve pour ainsi dire au milieu, afin que le cœur ait un dépôt pour la nourriture avec laquelle il se nourrit, nourriture épaisse et forte, semblable à la substance du cœur, ensuite un endroit où se forme un pneuma qui y est engendré d’un sang subtil et enfin un canal entre ces deux.’

[210] _Pantechni, Theorice_, lib. iii, cap. 22. Here, however, only two _concauitates_ are described and between them a _foramen: quod a quibusdam vocatur tertia concauitas: sed non est ita_.

[211] The MS. Roncioni 99, reproduced by K. Sudhoff in _Archiv für Gesch. der Med._, vol. vii, Tafel XIV, Leipzig, 1914.

[212] The passage in the _Editio princeps_ of Gerard of Cremona’s translation runs as follows (folio 96 recto): ‘Et in ipso sunt tres ventres, scilicet duo ventres magni et venter quasi medius quem Galienus nominavit foveam aut meatum non ventrem, ut sit ei receptaculum nutrimenti quo nutriatur spissum forte simile substantiae ipsius & minera spiritus generati in ipso a sanguine subtili. Et inter ambos sunt viae ut meatus.’

[213] J. L. Pagel, _Die Chirurgie des Heinrich von Mondeville_, Berlin, 1892, p. 45.

[214] Bartholomaeus Anglicus, _De Proprietatibus Rerum_, London, 1535, Our quotation is from p. liiii.

[215] Leonardo da Vinci, _Quaderni d’anatomia ... Pubblicati da O. C. L. Vangensten, A. Fonahn, H. Hopstock_, Christiania, 1911.

[216] Hans von Gersdorff, _Feldt und Stattbüch bewerter Wundartznei_, edition Frankfurt, 1556.

[217] Ancient views on the cardiac system, including those of Mondino, are admirably reviewed by J. C. Dalton in his _Doctrines of the Circulation_, Philadelphia, 1884.

[218] Manfredi here follows Mondino, who confuses Galen’s fourth pair with Galen’s sixth pair of nerves.

[219] These four words are very indistinct. The last is half erased and scia is written _siᷗa_. ᷛᷛᷗᷛ [220] Life of St. Edward.

[221] British Museum MS. Cotton. Claud. A. viii, ff. 32, 33, and _Archaeol. Journal_, London, June, 1864.

[222] MS. Ee. iii. 59.

[223] _History of the Garter_, vol. i.

[224] MS. 9986.

[225] p. 36.

[226] Vol. iii.

[227] p. 334.

[228] _Gent’s. Mag._, N.S., vol. i; British Museum MS. Cotton Nero C. viii. f. 209.

[229] MS. Cotton Nero C. viii, ff. 212, 213b, and _Gent’s. Mag._, N.S., vol. i.

[230] loc. cit.

[231] Record Office, Exchqr. Tr. of R., Mis. Book 203, pp. 150-3.

[232] Record Office, Exchqr. Q. R., Accounts 403/10.

[233] British Museum Harleian MS. 319: Household Accounts of Henry IV, 1405-6.

[234] See R. Crawfurd, _King’s Evil_, p. 45, Oxford, 1911.

[235] Lib. i, chap. 8.

[236] _Bury Wills_, p. 35, Camden Soc., ed. Tymms.

[237] _Archaeol. Journal_, London, vol. iv, p. 78.

[238] British Museum MS. Arundel, fol. 23b, and _Gent’s. Mag_., N.S., vol. i, p. 49.

[239] _Gent’s. Mag._, 1794.

[240] Brand, _Pop. Antiq._, ii. 598.

[241] _Gent’s. Mag._, N.S., vol. i, p. 49.

[242] _Cloister Life of Charles V_, p. 109.

[243] Brewer, _State Papers; Budaei Epistolae_, June 10, 1518, 4223.

[244] _Gent’s. Mag._, loc. cit., and British Museum MS. Cotton Calig. B. ii, fol. 112.

[245] Burnet, _Hist. of Reformation_, part ii, book ii, record 24.

[246] _Hist. of Reformation_, part ii, book ii.

[247] A.D. 1534.

[248] _Lisle Papers_ and _Notes and Queries_, 5th series, vol. ix, p. 514.

[249] _Lisle Papers_, xi. 15.

[250] _Lisle Papers_, xi. 111.

[251] _Ibid._, xii. 43.

[252] _Ibid._, xii. 58.

[253] _Ibid._, xii. 60.

[254] Registry of Wills, Archdeaconry of Norwich.

[255] Burnet, _Hist. of Reformation_, part ii, book i, § 12.

[256] British Museum Additional MS. 35184, Household Account, 1553.

[257] Series i, vol. ii, p. 292.

[258] Ed. 1622, p. 219.

[259] _Troilus_, book iii, 1069.

[260] _Julius Caesar_, I. ii.

[261] _Tempest_, I. ii.

[262] _All’s Well that Ends Well_, IV. iii.

[263] _Tempest_, IV. i.

[264] _As You Like It_, IV. i.

[265] _Dr. Johann Weyer, der erster Bekämpfer des Hexenwahns_, Bonn, 1885, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1896. Also J. Geffcken, ‘Dr. Johann Weyer’ in _Monatshefte der Comenius Gesellschaft_ 3, 1904; J. Janssen and L. Pastor, _Geschichte des deutschen Volkes_, 8 vols., Freiburg im Breisgau, 1898-1903, viii. 600 ff.

[266] Jean Hardouin (Harduinus), _Collectio regia maxima conciliorum graecorum et latinorum_, 12 vols., Paris, 1715, i. 1506; H. C. Lea, _History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages_, 2nd ed., 3 vols., London, 1906, iii. 494; W. G. Soldan and H. Heppe, _Geschichte der Hexenprocesse_, 2 vols., Stuttgart, 1880, i. 132.

[267] Lea, loc. cit., iii. 414.

[268] Soldan and Heppe, loc. cit., i. 128, 139.

[269] See also Lea, loc. cit., iii. 434, on this mildness of the Church up to the fourteenth century.

[270] Soldan and Heppe, loc. cit., i. 136.

[271] Lea, loc. cit., i. 91.

[272] The Paulicians were accused of teaching that the devil created this world, but seem merely to have taken such texts as John xii. 31, xiv. 30; 2 Cor. iv. 4 ‘in their plain and obvious sense’. F. C. Conybeare, _Key of Truth, A Manual of the Paulician Church of Armenia_, Oxford, 1898, 46.

[273] The term ‘Cathari’ was said to come ‘from their kissing Lucifer under the tail in the shape of a cat’. Lea, loc. cit., iii. 495.

[274] Lea, loc. cit., i. 105, ii. 334, &c. The main evidence is Conrad of Marburg’s report to Pope Gregory XI, 1233: ‘A tissue of inventions’, but ‘apparently doubted by no one’.

[275] Quodlibet, xi. 10; Soldan and Heppe, loc. cit., i. 143; Lea, loc. cit., iii. 415.

[276] H. Institoris and J. Sprenger, _Malleus Maleficarum_, editio princeps, Cologne, 1486, and frequently reprinted until the end of the seventeenth century. See especially pars 1, quaestio 2.

[277] J. Diefenbach, _Der Hexenwahn_, Mainz, 1886, p. 299.

[278] The story of Elinor Shaw and Mary Philips, as well as many other accounts of witchcraft, may be read in two volumes entitled _Rare and Curious Tracts illustrative of the History of Northamptonshire_, Northampton, 1876 and 1881.

[279] F. Hutchinson, _Historical Essay_, London, 1718, cap. iv.

[280] _Daemonolatriae libri tres_, Lyons, 1595.

[281] Trèves, 1595.

[282] _Civ. Dei_, xv. 23.

[283] Peter Binsfeld. _Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum_, Trèves, 1595, pp. 37-44, 230, &c. Binsfeld often refers to this case as proving the reality of disputed forms of witchcraft and the soul-saving work of the witch-hunters.

[284] L. Meyer, _Die Periode der Hexenprocesse_, Hannover, 1882.

[285] K. Kiesewetter, _Die Geheimwissenschaften_, Leipzig, 1895, p. 579 f.

[286] Op. cit., ii. 2 (p. 200).

[287] _Malleus_, pars i, quaestio 1, p. 6, edit. 1596.

[288] By H. Institoris and J. Sprenger. Between 1486 and 1596 several editions were printed in specially small form ‘that inquisitors might carry it in their pockets and read it under the table’.

[289] iii. 1 (p. 337 f.).

[290] _Malleus_, iii. 4, p. 344.

[291] iii. 10.

[292] iii. 14.

[293] iii. 16.

[294] iii. 14.

[295] iii. 29-31, repeated with slight variations.

[296] _Von Zauberei und Zauberern_, p. 211; Soldan and Heppe, i. 347.

[297] The Lindheim cases are recorded by G. C. Horst, afterwards pastor of the place, in his _Dämonomagie_, 2 vols., Frankfort, 1818, and _Zauberbibliothek_, 6 vols., Mainz, 1821-6. See also O. Glaubrecht, _Die Schreckensjahre von Lindheim_, 1886.

[298] _Cautio Criminalis_, Rinteln, 1631, Dubium xix (p. 128). He calls himself ‘Sacerdos quidam’.

[299] Dubium xx (p. 153).

[300] Horst, _Zauberbibliothek_, ii. 374, and _Dämonomagie_, ii. 412.

[301] Soldan and Heppe, ii. 209.

[302] Soldan and Heppe, ii. 130.

[303] J. H. Böhmer, _Ius ecclesiasticum_, 5 vols., Halle, 1738-43, v. 35.

[304] Horst, _Dämonomagie_, ii. 377.

[305] _Malleus_, iii. 14 (p. 370).

[306] Father Spee gives a long list of these dilemmas, _Cautio Criminalis_, Dubium li.

[307] _De sagarum natura et potestate, deque his recte cognoscendis et puniendis deque purgatione earum per aquam frigidam epistola_, Lemgo, 1583. Also in Sawr, _Theatrum de Veneficiis_, 1856.

[308] Lea, iii. 549.

[309] Haas, _Die Hexenprocesse_, Tübingen, 1865.

[310] Soldan and Heppe, ii. 46, and elsewhere.

[311] _Beiträge zur Geschichte des Hexenwesens in Franken_, Bamberg, 1883.

[312] 48 ff.

[313] Official report, given by Leitschuh in appendix.

[314] Maria Hollin at Nördlingen (1593) withstood fifty-six repetitions of torture, and was finally ‘dismissed’ on the terms mentioned (Janssen, op. cit., viii. 719).

[315] The Nördlingen authorities acquired an evil eminence in this frightfulness, which they termed ‘eine heilsame Tortur’ (Soldan, ii. 470).

[316] Lea, iii. 545, and references there given.

[317] _De praestigiis_, &c., ii. 5.

[318] The privilege for publication is dated November 4, 1562; three editions appeared before the end of 1564, and a sixth in 1583.

[319] Op. cit., ii. 1.

[320] Op. cit., ii. 4.

[321] iii. 6.

[322] iii. 18.

[323] iii. 21.

[324] iii. 23.

[325] iv. 1.

[326] iv. 2.

[327] iv. 3.

[328] iv. 23.

[329] iv. 10.

[330] Op. cit., v. 34.

[331] v. 35.

[332] vi. 4.

[333] vi. 9.

[334] ‘Mossel-scolp nostratibus dicitur.’

[335] Op. cit., vi. 15.

[336] vi. 16.

[337] vi. 16.

[338] Diefenbach, p. 241.

[339] _Cautio Criminalis_, Dubium xlviii.

[340] U. Molitor, _Tractatus de lamiis_, 1561, p. 27.

[341] Hutchinson, _Historical Essay concerning Witchcraft_, London, 1718, pp. 40, 118, 120.

[342] Op. cit., Preludium, i.

[343] Preludium, vi.

[344] J. M. Robertson, _Letters on Reasoning_, London, 1905, cap. vi.

[345] See (_a_) H. Haeser, _Geschichte der Medizin_, Jena, 1875-82, vol. i, p. 596; (_b_) A. Hirsch, _Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragenden Aerzte_, Leipzig, 1884, art. ‘Maimonides’, vol. i, p. 178 f.; (c) K. Brockelmann, _Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur_, Weimar, 1897-1902, vol. i, p. 490.

[346] = No. 1211 in Zotenberg’s Catalogue, Paris, 1866.

[347] Vol. i, p. 40, Cod. 411.

[348] ‫في السموم‬. Translated into Latin by Armengaud de Blaise of Montpellier; into French by J. M. Rabbinowicz, _Traité des Poisons de Maimonide_, Paris, 1865, and into German by M. Steinschneider, _Gifte und ihre Heilung, eine Abhandlung des Moses Maimonides_. Virchow’s _Archiv_, LVII, vol. i, pp. 92-109.

[349] ‫في الربو‬. Unprinted. We hope shortly to issue this work.

[350] ‫في تدبير الصحة‬ otherwise ‫رسالة الافضليّة‬. ‘Letter to [the Sultan] al Afḍal.’ Printed in Latin at Florence, n.d.; Venice, 1514, 1521, &c.; Leyden, 1535; in the Hebrew translation of Moses ibn Tibbon edited by Jacob Saphir ben Levi, Jerusalem, 1885; and in German by Winternitz, _Diätetisches Sendschreiben des Maimonides_, &c., Vienna, 1843.

[351] Printed in the Latin edition [Venice, 1514] of the _de Regimine Sanitatis_ as Tractatus V of that work.

[352] See L. Leclerc, _Histoire de la médecine arabe_, Paris, 1876, vol. ii, p. 60, and M. Steinschneider, _Die hebräischen Uebersetzungen des Mittelalters und die Juden als Dolmetscher_, Berlin, 1893, pp. 767, 772, 773.

[353] ‫رسالة الافضليّة‬.

[354] ‫في اسباب الاعراض‬ and also ‫في بيان الاعراض‬ = on the diagnosis of accidents.

[355] See note 4.

[356] Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 61.

[357] See Steinschneider, _Hebräische Uebersetzungen_, p. 770, and his _Catologus Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibl. Bodl._, Berlin (1852-60), p. 1921. In the _Zeitschrift der Morgenländischen Gesellsch._, vol. xxx, p. 145, he makes the bare statement that the _Tractatus de Causis et Indiciis Morborum_--the _Hauptwerk_ of Maimonides, as it is called by Haeser--rests upon an error. In his catalogue of Bodleian books (p. 1926) he puts the book down as a bookseller’s fraud after what is obviously only a cursory glance. He says ‘fraude bibliopolae ex variis opp. imperfectis confictus est, in quibus an Nostri sit aliquid non facile eruendum est’.

[358] H. F. Wüstenfeld, _Geschichte d. arabischen Aerzte_, Göttingen, 1840, § 198, No. 7.

[359] _Bibliothecae Bodleianae codicum manuscriptorum Orientalium ... catalogus a Joanne Uri confectus_, Oxford, 1787, vol. i, p. 140, No. 594.

[360] Also known as ‫الاخلاطى‬ (of Akhlat) or ‫التبريزي‬ (of Tibriz) and as ابن هبل (Ibn Hubal).

[361] Ibn Abi ‛Uṣaibia wrote an invaluable dictionary of the lives of the most noted physicians, entitled ‫كتاب عيون الأنباء قي طبقات الأطباء‬ (= The book of the sources of information concerning the various classes of physicians). It is especially full on the lives of Arab physicians. See the edition of A. Müller, Königsberg, 1884, vol. i, pp. 304-6.

[362] C. Rieu, _Supplement to the Arabic MSS. in the Brit. Mus._, London, 1894, No. 796, II.

[363] Vol. iii, p. 242 of the Catalogue of Arabic MSS. compiled by P. de Jong and M. J. de Goeje, Leyden, 1865-6.

[364] Abu’l Faraj Gregory, Bar Hebraeus (Wüstenfeld, op. cit., No. 240).

[365] In his work entitled ‫تاربخ مختمر في الدول‬, ‘Compendious History of the Dynasties’ (edited and translated by E. Pocock, Oxford, 1663), p. 457 f. of the Arabic and p. 300 of the Latin. Beyrout edition, 1890, p. 420.

[366] Two MSS. of the work are mentioned in the Catalogue of the Khedive’s library, ‫فهرست كتابخانه خديوية‬, vol. vi, p. 38. For further references concerning Muhaḏḏib ed Din and his works, see (_a_) Wüstenfeld, op. cit., § 202; (_b_) Brockelmann, op. cit, vol. i, p. 490; (_c_) P. de Koning, _Traité sur le calcul_, Leyden, pp. 186-228. The more important Arab authors other than Ibn Abi ‘Uṣaibia are: (_d_) Bar Hebraeus, Pocock’s edition, p. 457 of the Arabic part and p. 300 of the Latin part, Beyrout edition, p. 420; (_e_) Haji Khalfa, G. Fluegel’s edition, Leipzig and London, 1835-58, vol. v, p. 436, No. 11584.

[367] See J. Pagel, ‘Maimuni als medizinischer Schriftsteller’, in the volume of studies on ‘Moses ben Maimon’ edited by W. Bacher and others, Leipzig, 1908, vol. i, p. 232.

[368] Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 117.

[369] ‫طبقات الحكماء واصحاب النجوم والأطباء‬ in MS. at British Museum (see Catalogue of Oriental MSS. at the British Museum, London, 1846, part II, No. 1503, p. 684), Leyden, Berlin, Escurial, and elsewhere. See Brockelmann, op. cit., vol. i, p. 325.

[370] See Leclerc, op. cit., vol. i, p. 5.

[371] See W. D. Macray, _Annals of the Bodleian_, Oxford, 1890. p. 270.

[372] See Macray’s _Annals of the Bodleian_, p. 271, and the _Dict. of National Biography_.

[373] _Bibliothecae Bodleianae codicum manuscriptorum ... catalogus_, vol. ii, ed. A. Nicoll and E. B. Pusey, Oxford, 1835, p. iv.

[374] ‘Praeter errores enim quos ipse admiserit Urius, deprehendi omnibus fere horum librorum emptoribus, uno Pocockio excepto, libros supposititios pro veris subinde venditasse vafros Orientales. Codices ergo fere universos Arabicos, quos recensuit Urius (vulgatioribus quibusdam exceptis) oculis perlustravi, quo certius scirem titulisne responderent an non. Quo facto varias errorum formas deprehendi, titulis nunc charta coopertis, nunc atramento oblitis, nunc cultro paene abrasis; auctorum porro nominibus paullulum immutatis quo notiora quaedam referrent, numeris etiam quibus singula volumina signata sunt permutatis, quo quis opus imperfectum pro integro habeat, paginis denique pauculis operi alieno a fronte assutis.’

[375] Steinschneider (_Cat. Libr. Hebr. in Bibl. Bodl._, p. 1926) says this title is invented and no doubt suggested by the name of Al Tamimi al Muqaddasi (the Jerusalemite), a doctor of the tenth century (Wüstenfeld, § 112) often praised by Maimonides in the Aphorisms, e.g. at the end of chap. 20. Pusey’s only note on Uri’s entry in the MS. is concerned with this title (vol. ii, p. 588): ‘Translator in Cod. appellatur Alsheikh Soleiman Alhabashi, notus in terra Hierosolymitana nomine Ibn Hubaish. Opus autem A.D. 1363 ex Hebraico transtulit.’

[376] From the text of the Aphorisms as given in the Bodleian MS. Pocock 319.

[377] Omitted from the MS. obviously by accident.

[378] No doubt for הרתב.

[379] See p. 227.