Part 30

Is it not wiser, then, to admit that life has its claims upon science, and science upon logic? We simply _must_ have a science that can handle human life and meet human needs, and does not degenerate into a game with arbitrary and fantastic rules which depart from the actual conditions of life in any direction and to any distance unrestrained imagination carries them; and our logic must deign to study such a science. If to do so it has to ‘scrap’ its antique ‘ideals’, to abandon its pose of an inhuman, impassible, infallible aloofness, and to interest itself in the doubting, questioning, guessing, trying, risking, blundering, correcting, achieving that make up the sum of human knowledge, it will receive an ample reward in the gratitude of man for a logic that has entered his service, and in the salutary influence which it will exercise upon his actions.

_Conclusions_

(1) We have shown, negatively, that the notion of a form of proof, by which conclusions can be absolutely demonstrated by dint of pure logic alone, is a delusion. No such form can be constructed (§§ 13, 15), and if it could, it could neither find scientific material worthy of it (§ 28), nor contain the material which is fabricated by the sciences.

(2) We have thereby shown that formal logic cannot represent the logical nature of discovery or of any of the processes of actual knowing, and must condemn them all as ‘invalid’ (§§ 18, 20, 26, 28).

(3) We have seen that a logic which attempts to understand actual knowing cannot prescribe to the sciences how they are to solve their problems (§ 33).

(4) But it _can_ grasp the general character of scientific procedure, appreciate its difficulties and dangers, understand the expedients for meeting them, and trace it to its roots in the constitution of the human mind and in the needs of life (§ 35).

(5) In virtue of its general grasp of the aim and method of the sciences a logic of science can at times offer advice to scientists: it may draw their attention to the general problems which their work involves, but which are apt to be overlooked by specialists, such as the claims of consistency and novelty and the regulation of risks (§ 36). Or, better still, if they will study it themselves, it may broaden their minds and enable them to handle these general problems for themselves far more effectively than a pure logician could do it for them.

(6) By abandoning its pretensions to rigour and conclusiveness logic does not really lose: it gains immensely by coming into contact with science and life, and becoming of use in the world.

INDEX

Abano: _see_ Peter of Abano.

Abercrombie, John, _Inquiries concerning the Intellectual Powers_, 249 _n._

Abi ‘Uṣaibia, Ibn, 227 and _n._ 4, 228 _n._ 5, 229.

Abu’l Faraj Gregory, cited, 228 _n._ 3.

Achillini, Alessandro, 95, 98, 105; _Annotationes anatomiae_, 95 _n._ 4.

Adelphus, Johannes (J. A. Muelich), _Mundini de omnibus humani corporis interioribus membris Anathomia_, 93 _n._ 3, 96 _n._ 2, 128 fig. 22.

Adrian IV, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Agobard, St., of Lyons, on witchcraft, 191.

Agrippa, Cornelius, opposition to witch mania by, 214, 215.

Al Afdal, Sultan, 226.

Alberic the younger, Benedictine monk, of Monte Cassino, 21.

Albertotti, G., _Nuove osservazioni sul ‘Fasciculus medicinae’ del Ketham_, 90 _n._ 3.

Albertus Magnus, 22, 32, 51, 113, 114.

Albigensian heresy, 192.

Alcoatim, anatomical work by, 121.

Alexander III, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Alexander V, Pope, 99; post-mortem examination on, 94.

Alexander of Neckam, 22, 23.

Alexander of Tralles, 182.

Alhazen, 122.

‘Ali ‘Abbas: _see_ Haly Abbas.

Al Qifty, _Classes Philosophorum et astronomorum et medicorum_, 229 and _n._ 3.

Al Tamimi al Muqaddasi, 231 _n._ 2.

Alva, Duke of, 221.

Ampère, cited, 21.

_Analecta Bollandiana_, 6 _n._ 2.

Anastasius IV, Pope, St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Anatomy in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, 79-86; Bolognese works on anatomy, 92-7; drawings of anatomical structures, &c., 44, 45, 46, 81, 83, 84, 87-91, 96, 105, 112, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 127, 128, 129, 130, plates XVIII, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI. _See also_ Manfredi, Hieronymo.

Anaximander, 257.

_Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Alterthumskunde und Geschichtsforschung_, 13 _n._ 3.

Anstis, John, _History of the Garter_, 167.

Antipodes, the, mediaeval conception of, 22, 23.

_Anzeiger für Kunde der deutschen Vorzeit_, 12 _n._ 2.

Apocalypse, the, 20.

Aquinas, 51, 193.

Arabians, influence on early science and on medicine, 17, 18, 29, 84, 86, 92, 93, 115, 120, 121, 129, 225-34.

_Archaeological Journal_ (British Archaeological Association), 166 _n._ 1, 172 _n._ 3, 178.

Archimedes, 253.

_Archiv für die Geschichte der Medizin_, 38 _n._ 4, 44 _nn._ 4, 5, 45 _n._ 1, 87_nn._1, 3, 4, 89 _n._ 2, 114 _n._ 3, 121 _n._ 1, 122 _n._ 1, 127 _n._ 5.

_Archiv für die Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik_, 121 _n._ 1.

_Archiv für die zeichnenden Künste_, 87 _n._ 5.

_Archiv für Pathologie_, 13 _n._ 4, 226 _n._ 1.

Argellata, Pietro d’, description of the examination of the body of Pope Alexander V, 94 and _n._ 2.

Aristippus, translation of Aristotle’s _Meteorologica,_ 24 _n._

Aristotle, 288; anatomical conceptions of, 46 _n._, 126, 127; logic and dialectics, 238, 240, 243, 245, 248, 250, 252, 254, 255, 257, 259; physiological theories, 50 _n._ 4, 60, 61, 71, 73, 75; theory of the elements, 17, 25. Works cited: _Analytica posteriora_, 238, 245 _n._, 252 _n._, 257 _n._; _De caelo et mundo_, 17; _De partibus animalium_, 46 _n._ 1, 126 _nn._ 4, 5; _Historia animalium_, 126 _nn._ 3, 4, 5; _Meteorologica_, 24.

Armengaud de Blaise, Latin translation of Maimonides on Poisons, 226 _n._ 1.

Arnald of Villanova, charge of sorcery against, 193.

Astrology, 38, 47, 97, 98.

Athanasius, St., 4, 7.

_Atti e Memorie della R. Deputazione di Storia Patria per le Provincie di Romagna_, 99 _n._ 2.

Augsburg, Peace of, 194.

Augustine, St., 17, 20, 51, 113, 198, 216.

Avempace, 17.

Averroes, 17, 95.

Avicebron, 17, 43 _n._ 1.

Avicenna, 17, 18, 86, 93, 94, 95, 101, 105, 113, 121, 122, 127, 129, 182.

Azzolino, first recorded case of dissection at Bologna, 92.

Bacher, W., _Moses ben Maimon_, 229 _n._ 1.

Bacon, Francis, _Natural and Experimental History_, 180.

Bacon, Roger, anatomical writings and drawings by, 113, 116, 121, 122, plate XXXVIII (_a_); on the structure of the universe, 22.

Baillet, Dom Louis, 55 _n._; _Les Miniatures du Scivias de sainte Hildegarde_, 7 _nn._ 1, 2, 12 _n._ 1.

Baker, F., cited, 79 _n._ 2.

Balgi, Vincenzo, cited, 30 _n._

Baluze, Étienne, _Miscellanea novo ordine digesta et non paucis ineditis monumentis opportunisque animadversionibus aucta opera ac studio J. D. Mansi_, 9 _n._

Bamberg, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194, 204, 208-10, 212.

Barach, C. S., cited, 19 _n._ 2, 37 _n._ 1, 38 _n._ 1.

Baret, John, of Bury St. Edmunds, 172.

Bar Hebraeus, cited, 228, 229.

Bartholomaeus Anglicus (Bartholomaeus de Glanvilla), anatomical drawings of, 80 fig. 1, 85 fig. 4; _De Proprietatibus Rerum_, 129 _n._ 2.

Battandier, Albert, _Sainte Hildegarde, sa vie et ses œuvres_, 5 _n._ 3; cited, 16 _n._ 3, 21 _n._ 3, 23 _n._ 5.

Bayford, Robert, _Enchiridion Medicum_, 181.

Beck, Theodor, _Die Galenischen Hirnnerven in moderner Beleuchtung_, 118 _n._ 1.

Bede, the Venerable, 22.

_Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters_, 113 _n._ 3.

Benedict, St., 4, 7.

Benivieni, Antonio, _De abditis nonnullis ac mirandis morborum et sanationum causis_, 81 and _n._ 3.

Benjamin of Tudela, 20.

Bentivoglio, Annibale, 104.

Bentivoglio II, Giovanni: Manfredi’s dedications to, 101, 103, 104, 105, 130; portrait of, 104, plate XXXVII.

Bergson, Henri Louis, 285.

Berkshire, ancient custom concerning rings and the cure of epilepsy, 173.

Berlin: _see_ Manuscripts.

Bernard, Claude, 68.

Bernard of Chartres, 37 _n._ 1.

Bernard, St., abbot of Clairvaux, 4; St. Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Bernard Sylvestris: _see_ Sylvestris.

Berners, Lord, _Cloister Life of Charles V_, 173 and _n._ 3.

Beroaldo, Filippo, 98, 99.

Berthelet, Thomas (printer), 129.

Bertuccio (professor of surgery at Bologna), anatomical demonstrations by, 82, 94.

Bichat, X., 66.

Bingen, 2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 20.

Binsfeld, Peter, Bishop of Trèves, persecution of witches by, 197, 198, 222; _Tractatus de confessionibus maleficorum_, 197, 198 _n._ 2, 222 _n._ 2.

Binz, Dr. K., biography of Dr. John Weyer, 189.

Biological theories, 59 ff.

Birth and death and the nature of the soul, Hildegard’s views on, 49, 50, plates XIX, XX.

Black Death, the, 193.

Blaise: _see_ Armengaud de Blaise.

Blake, William, 53.

Böckelheim, 2, 3.

Boethius, 17, 21.

Böhmer, J. H., _Ius ecclesiasticum_, 206 _n._ 2.

Boleyn, Anne, and the use of cramp-rings, 174, 175, 176.

Bologna, anatomical studies at, in the fifteenth century, 78, 79, 81 _n._, 82, 84; anatomical works emanating from, 92-7; astrology at, 97-8; colleagues of Manfredi at University, 98; Manfredi’s house, 99; Medical Faculty at, 92; Palazzo dei Bentivoglio, 104.

Boncompagni, Baldassare, _Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo Cremonese, &c._, 17 _n._ 2.

Boniface, St., on witchcraft, 191.

Boniface VIII, Pope, 201.

Boorde, Andrew, on the blessing of cramp-rings, 176; _Breviarie of Health_, ibid.; _Introduction of Knowledge_, ibid.

Borelli, J. A., 68.

Bosco: _see_ Johannes Sacro Bosco.

Boselli, E., 55 _n._

Boswell, James, cited, 182.

_Botanik in kulturhistorischer Entwickelung_, 12 _n._ 2.

Bourdeaux: _see_ John of Bourdeaux.

Boyle, Robert, 32.

Bracara, synod of, 193.

Brand, J., _Popular Antiquities_, 173 _n._ 3.

Braun, Dr., torture of witches by, 208, 209, 210.

Brewer, J. S., _State Papers: Budaei Epistolae_, 173 _n._ 6.

Bristol: _see_ Manuscripts.

Brockelmann, K., _Geschichte der arabischen_ _Litteratur_, 225 _n._ 1, 228 _n._ 5, 229 _n._ 3.

Brown, Sir Thomas, on witchcraft, 214, 222, 223.

Budé, Guillaume, and the use of cramp-rings, 173, 174.

Buffon, _Histoire Générale des Animaux_, 66.

_Bulletin de la Société française d’histoire de la médecine_, 39 _n._ 2.

_Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital_, 79 _n._ 2.

Bunge, Gustav, physiological views of, 64.

Burnet, Bishop Gilbert, _History of the Reformation_, on the blessing of cramp-rings, 174, 175, 177.

_Bury Wills_ (Camden Society), 172 _n._ 2.

Burzio, Niccolò, _Bononia illustrata_, 97 _n._ 4.

Cabalistic systems of the Jews, 20.

Caetani, Michelangelo, duca di Sermoneta, _La materia della Divina Commedia di Dante Allighieri dichiarata in VI tavole_, 31 fig. 4.

Cambridge: _see_ Manuscripts.

Cardan, Jerome, 214.

Carpi, Giacomo Berengario da, 95-7, 105, 106; _Anathomia Mundini_, 96 _n._ 1; _Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super anatomia Mundini_, 96 _n._ 1.

Carpi, Hugo da, anatomical drawings of, 90.

Carpzov, Benedict, death-sentences on witches and sorcerers by, 206.

Cartesian physiology, principles of, 68.

_Cartulaire de l’Université de Montpellier_, 79 _n._ 1.

Cathari (Albigensian sect), persecution of, 4, 192.

Cavazza, Francesco, _Le Scuole dell’ antico studio bolognese_, 99 _n._ 3.

Caxton, William, story of Edward the Confessor and his ring in the _Golden Legend_, 165-6.

Cervetto, G., _Di alcuni illustri anatomici italiani del decimoquinto secolo_, 89 _n._ 2.

Chantilly: _see_ Manuscripts.

Charlemagne, laws of, regarding witchcraft, 191.

Charles I, 126 _n._ 2.

Charles II and the Royal Society, 274.

Charles V, Emperor of Germany and King of Spain, use of cramp-rings by, 173.

Charms against diseases, 181, 182. _See also_ Cramp-rings.

Chartres, Bernard of: _see_ Bernard.

Chaucer’s use of the word ‘cramp’, 180.

Chauliac, Guy de, _Grande Chirurgie_, 81 _n._ 2, 82, 83 _n._, 84 _n._ 1, 94, 105, 121, plates XXIX, XXX; fourteenth-century post-mortem scene from, 81 _n._ 2.

Choulant, L., _Geschichte und Bibliographie der anatomischen Abbildung nach ihrer Beziehung auf anatomische Wissenschaft und bildende Kunst_, 87 _n._ 5, 89 _n._ 2.

Christian view of witchcraft: early times, 190, 191, 198, 216; mediaeval age, 191-4, 201; Reformation period, 190, 191, 194-6, 213, 220, 221; later times, 195, 204, 222.

Chrysostom, St., 216.

Clement V, Pope, 201.

Clerval, A., _Les Écoles de Chartres au Moyen Âge_, 19 _n._ 2, 37 _n._ 2.

Cleves, Duke William of, 215, 220, 221, 224.

Cleves, witchcraft in the duchy of, 220.

Colle, Francesco Maria, _Storia scientifico-letteraria dello Studio di Padova_, 82 _n._ 2.

Coloman, King of Hungary, on witchcraft, 191.

Como, witch-burning in the diocese of, 205.

Concoreggio, Giovanni da, _Lucidarium et Flos Medicinae_, 95 and _n._ 1.

Conrad, Emperor, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Conrad of Marburg, cited, 192 _n._ 6.

Constantine Africanus, medical writings of, 13, 16, 43, 121, 127; _De communibus medico cognitu necessariis locis_, 44 and _n._ 2, 114 _n._ 1; _De humana natura_, 45, 50; _Pantechni. Theorice_, 127 _n._ 4.

Conybeare, F. C., _Key of Truth_, 192 _n._ 4.

Copenhagen: _see_ Manuscripts.

Copernicus, 43.

Copho of Salerno, _Anatomia porci_, 43, 44.

_Cotta’s Jubiläums-Ausgabe_, 8 _n._ 2.

Craigie, Dr., _History of Anatomy_, 93 _n._ 2.

Cramp, early use of the term, 180-2.

Cramp-rings, the blessing of, by the kings and queens of England, 165-87; ceremonies of blessing cramp-rings used on Good Friday, 184-7; office of consecration used by Queen Mary, 177-9, 182-4; origin of the ceremony, 165, 179, 180, 182; ceremonial observed, 167, 168, 171, 178, 179; its disuse, 179, 180; bequests of cramp-rings, 172, 176; diseases covered by the word ‘cramp’, 180-2.

Crawfurd, Raymond: The Blessing of Cramp-rings; a chapter in the history of the treatment of epilepsy, 165-87; _King’s Evil_, cited, 171 _n._

Cremona, Gerard of: _see_ Gerard.

Cross, ceremonial of offering and creeping to the, 167, 168, 169.

Cuyer, E., _Histoire de l’Anatomie plastique_, 86 _n._ 2.

Dallari, Umberto, _I rotuli dei lettori legisti e artisti dello studio bolognese dal 1384 al 1799_, 98 _n._ 1.

Dalton, J. C., _Doctrines of the Circulation_, 130 _n._ 3.

Damascenus, Johannes, 113.

Daniel, Book of, 20.

Dante, _Divina Commedia_, 23; _Quaestio de aqua et terra_, 30 _n._; scheme of the universe, 1, 21, 22, 23, 30, 31.

Daremberg, C., editor of _Liber subtilitatum_, 13; _Œuvres anatomiques, physiologiques et médicales de Galien_, 118 _n._ 1.

Darwinian theory, 236, 242, 245, 257.

_Datura Stramonium_, or thorn-apple, 199.

_De caelo et mundo_, 17.

Delation, 202.

Demiurgus, the, 192.

Demoniacs, 199, 215-22. _See also_ Witchcraft.

Denmark, witchcraft in, 222.

_De sagarum natura et potestate, &c._, 208 _n._ 1.

Descartes, biological theories of, 67, 68.

Devil, mediaeval views of the, 190, 192-4, 207, 216.

Devonshire, ancient custom concerning rings and the cure of epilepsy, 173; charm against fits, 182.

Dewey, Professor John, 259.

Dialectical proof in relation to scientific discovery, 238.

_Dictionary of National Biography_, 230 _n._ 1.

Diefenbach, J., _Der Hexenwahn_, 195 _n._ 1, 221 _n._ 1.

Diogenes Laertius, 259 _n._

Disibode, St., Hildegard’s life of, 3.

Disibodenberg, convent of, 2, 42.

Dissection: _see_ Anatomy.

Dresden: _see_ Manuscripts.

Driesch, Hans, biological theories of, 62-4, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75; _Analytische Theorie_, 62, 70, 75; _Vitalismus_, 75.

Dryander, Johannes, _Anatomia_, 95 _n._ 3, 112.

Duval, M., _Histoire de l’Anatomie plastique_, 86 _n._ 2.

Edward the Confessor and his ring, story of, 165, 166.

Edward II and the blessing of cramp-rings, 167, 169.

Edward III and the blessing of cramp-rings, 169, 170.

Edward IV and the blessing of cramp-rings, 171.

Edward VI and the blessing of cramp-rings, 175, 177.

Ehrenberg: _see_ Philip of Ehrenberg.

Eibingen, 8.

Eleemosyna Rolls of Edward III, 169, 170.

Elements, mediaeval theories of the, 25-30.

Elizabeth of Schönau, visions of, 21, 22.

Ellis, Sir Henry, 178.

England, first printed map of, 99, 100.

Epilepsy and other spasmodic disorders, blessing of cramp-rings for the cure of, 165-87.

Essling, Prince d’, _Les livres à figures vénitiens de la fin du XV^e siècle et du commencement du XVI^e_, 89 _n._ 5.

Euclidean geometry, 239, 240, 250, 280.

Eugenius III, Pope, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Eye, anatomy of the, 118-22.

Ezekiel, Book of, 20.

Fantuzzi, Giovanni, _Notizie degli scrittori bolognesi_, 97 _n._ 2, 99 _n._ 1.

Faust, magic feats of, 215, 216, 218.

Ferckel, Christoph, cited, 121 _n._ 1.

Ferrari, H. M., _Une Chaire de Médecine au XV^e siècle; Un professeur à l’université de Pavie de 1432 à 1472_, 86 _n._ 3.

Florence, Uffizi Gallery, painted representation of the Cross, 10, 11, plate X.

Fludd, Robert, _Historia utriusque cosmi_, 41 figs. 6, 7, 43; _Philosophia sacra seu astrologia cosmica_, 42 fig. 8, 43.

Fonahm, A., cited, 86 _n._ 1, 130 _n._ 1.

Förner, Bishop, witch-burning by, 208.

Fortescue, Sir John, _Defensio Iuris Domus Lancastriae_, 171.

Fracastor, 43.

Frankfort, witchcraft at, 221.

Frati, Ludovico, _La vita privata di Bologna dal secolo XIII al XVII_, 84 _n._ 2.

Frederic Barbarossa, Emperor, Hildegard’s correspondence with, 5.

Froissart, 173.

Fulda, witch-burning in the bishopric of, 194.

Fundis, Giovanni de, 98.

Gabotto, Ferdinando, _Bartolomeo Manfredi e l’Astrologia alla Corte di Mantova_, 97 _n._ 4.

Galen, 17, 43, 44, 46 _n._ 1, 61, 67, 84, 86, 87, 97, 105, 110, 111 _n._, 113 and _n._ 2, 115, 118, 125, 126, 127, 128, 136 _n._, 182; _De usu partium corporis humani_, 110 _n._ 1, 118 _n._ 2; _De Hippocratis et Platonis decretis_, 118 _n._ 2; illuminated codex of, 87, 88, plate XXXIV; Περὶ ἀνατομικω̑ν ἐγχειρήσεων, 127 _n._ 1.

Galileo, 43.

Garbo, Tommaso di, 94.

Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, and the use of cramp-rings, 174, 175, 177.

Garrod, H. W., _Manili Astronomicon_, 39 _n._

Garter, Order of the, 178.

Gebeno, prior of Eberbach, mediaeval writer, 15.

Geffcken, J., _Dr. Johann Weyer_, 189 _n._

_Gentleman’s Magazine_, 169 _nn._ 1, 2, 173 _nn._ 1, 2, 4, 174 _n._ 1.

_Geographical Journal_, 99 _n._ 4.

George, John, prince-bishop, witch-burning by, 208.

Gerard of Cremona, scientific works of, 17, 18, 128.

Gerbi, Gabriele de (de Zerbis), 95, 98, 105; _Liber Anatomiae corporis humani et singulorum membrorum illius_, 95 _n._ 2.

German block book (_Symbolum Apostolicorum_) of the fifteenth century, 39, plate XVII.

Gersdorff, Hans von, _Feldt- und Stattbüch bewerter Wundartznei_, anatomical drawings, 129 fig. 23, 130 _n._ 2.

Gertrude of Robersdorf, visions of, 21.

Ghazali, Ibn, 51, 113.

Gilbert, William, 32.

Glanvilla, Bartholomaeus de: _see_ Bartholomaeus Anglicus.

Glaubrecht, O., _Die Schreckensjahre von Lindheim_, 204 _n._ 1.

Gloucester, Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of, charged with witchcraft, 193.

Gneyth Cross, homage paid to the, 168, 169, 170.

Godefrid, the monk, biography of St. Hildegard by, 5, 7, 51.

Goeje, M. J. de, _Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts in the Library at Leyden_, 228 _n._ 2.

Goelicke, A. O., _Introductio in historiam litterariam anatomes_, 81 _n._

Goethe, _Am Rhein, Main und Neckar_, 8 _n._ 2.

Golius, James, collection of Oriental MSS., 229, 230.

Good Friday, the hallowing of cramp-rings on, and offering and creeping to the cross, 167-9, 171, 179, 184-7.

Gotch, F., on biological phenomena, 70, 71.

Grado, Giammatteo Ferrari da (Matthaeus de Gradibus), _Expositiones super vigesimam secundam Fen tertii canonis Avicennae_, 86 _n._ 3; _Practica_, ibid.

Great Schism, the, 193.

Greek dialectics, 237, 238, 259.

Greeks, biological speculations of the, 61.

Gregory VII, Pope, forbids inquisition for witches and sorcerers, 192.

Gregory IX, Pope, 6.

Gregory XI, Pope, 192 _n._ 6.

Gregory Nazianzen, St., 216.

Grimm, Wilhelm, _Wiesbader Glossen_, 5 _n._ 2, 8 _n._ 3.

Guibert, the monk, life of St. Hildegard by, 5 _n._ 3, 16 _n._ 3.

Guido de Vigevano: _see_ Vigevano.

Gurlt, E., _Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Aerzte_, 103.

Guy de Chauliac: _see_ Chauliac.

Haeser, H., _Geschichte der Medizin_, 225 _n._ 1, 226 _n._ 10.

Haldane, J. S., on biological phenomena, 65, 66.

Haller, Albrecht von, _Bibliotheca anatomica_, 81 _n._, 103 _n._ 1.

Haly Abbas, 105, 113, 121, 127.

_Handbuch der Geschichte der Medizin_, 92 _n._ 4.

Hardouin, Jean (Harduinus), _Collectio regia maxima conciliorum graecorum et latinorum_, 191 _n._ 1.

Harpsfield, Nicholas, _Historia Anglicana Ecclesiastica_, on the blessing of cramp-rings, 179, 180.

_Harvard Studies in Classical Philology_, 18 _n._ 1.

Harvey, William, 32; _Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis_, 126 _n._ 2; _Prelectiones anatomiae universalis_, 126 and _n._ 1.

Haskins, C. H., cited, 18 _n._ 1.

Haupt, Moriz, _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, 5 _n._ 2, 8 _n._ 3.

Head, anatomy of the, 106-18.

Heart, anatomy of the, 122-30.

Heavenly city, Hildegard’s vision of the, 54, plate XXV.

Heidelberg: _see_ Manuscripts.

Helmont, F. M. van, 68.

Helmreich, ΓΑΔΗΝΟΥ περὶ χρείας μορίων, 118 _n._ 1.

Henri de Mondeville: _see_ Mondeville.

Henrici, Professor, 55 _n._

Henry II (of England) and his consort, Hildegard’s hortatory letters to, 5.

Henry IV and the blessing of cramp-rings, 170.

Henry VII and the blessing of cramp-rings, and the ceremonial of touching for the evil, 167, 168, 172.

Henry VIII and the blessing of cramp-rings, 175, 176, 177.

Henschen, Godfrey, 8.

Heppe, H., _Geschichte der Hexenprocesse_, 191 _n._ 1, 192 _n._ 2, 193 _n._, 203 _n._ 3, 206 _nn._ 1, 2, 208 _n._ 4.

Heraclitus, 256.

Herbert, J. A., 55 _n._; _Illuminated Manuscripts_, 10 _n._ 1.

Heresy and witchcraft, identification of, by the Church, 192-4, 201, 220, 221.

Hermann the Dalmatian, 17 _n._ 1.

Hermas, Shepherd of, 20.

_Hermes_, 24 _n._

Herrade de Landsberg, _Hortus deliciarum_, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 40 fig. 5, 42, 48 fig. 9, 55 _n._

Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of, present of cramp-rings by, 175.

Hilaire the Great, St., of Poitiers, 38 _n._ 4.