Part 2

43=1810 43^a=46^a 44 45 108 _See_ 91

46=1810 46^a=43^a 47 48

49 50 51

In the middle of the 52 52^a=1820? 53 54 plate at the top. v----------v 55 56=1840? 57 58 109 115 _See_ 1802

59 60 61 62=58? 110 116 _See_ 2020

63 64 65[+] 66 111 117 _See_ 2025

67 68 69 70 112 118 _See_ 1911

71 72=281 73 74 113 119 _See_ 2020

75 76=67 77 78 114 120

79 80 81 82

83 84 85 86=56?

86[*] 86[*] 87 88

89 90 91 92

93

[*] Accidental error in numbering here.

[+] Possibly Muluc--a Maya day; the meaning is "reunion."

PLATE XXIV (right-hand side).

v-------------------v 121 122=86?[+] 123=87 124=88 _See_ 74, _See_ 61, 1822 86[*]

125 126[++] 127=99 128 _See_ 1940 _See_ 1940 _See_ (44), 64

129 130 131=147 132 _See_ 50, 58, 62

133 134 135 136=47?

137 138 139 140 _See_ 39, _See_ 1811 91

141 142[§] 143 144 _See_ 54 _See_ 50, 58, 62, 132

145 146 147=131 148 _See_ 71

149 150 151 152 _See_ 56, 1882

153 154 155 156 _See_ 53 _See_ 50, 58, 132

157[*] 158 159 160 _See_ 68 _See_ 38 _See_ 46^a, 49^a, 52^a

v------------------------------------------v 161=50 162 [+]163=1936 164 _See_ 58, _See_ 56, _See_ 57 _See_ 58, 62 62, 132 73, 1882

165 166 167 168 _See_ 81?

169 170 171 172 _See_ 68?

173 174 175 176 _See_ 67, 76, _See_ 57 _See_ 126 90, 1910

177 178 179 180 _See_ 43^a _See_ 50, 58, 62

181 182 183 184 _See_ 57, 163, 1936

185

[*] Possibly Ymix--a Maya day.

[+] Possibly Chuen--a Maya day; meaning "a board," "a tree."

[++] Possibly Ahau--a Maya day; meaning "king."

[§] Possibly Ezanab--a Maya day.

PLATE LII.

200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 } } 210 211 212 214 215 216 217 218 219 } Line 1. _See_ } 2020 }

220 221 222 223 224=2060 225 226 227 228 229 } _See_ _See_ _See_ } 2030 2060 1811-2 } } Line 2. 230 231 232 234 235 236 237 238 239 } _See_ } 1822 }

240 241 242=2020 243=1951 244 245 246 247 248 249 } } 250 251 252 254 255 256 257 258 259=1943} Line 3. _See_ } 214 }

v-----------------v 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 } _See_ _See_ _See_ } 2020 2021 2022 } } Line 4. 270 271 274=244 275 276 277 278 279 } _See_ } 204 }

280 281=72 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 } _See_ _See_ } 1820 385 } Line 5. } 290 294 295 296 297 298 299 }

300 301 302 303=360 304 305 306 307 } _See_ } 203 } Line 6. } 310 311 314 315 316 317 318 319 }

v-----------v 320 321 322 323 324=1824 325 326 327 328 329 } _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ } 203 204 285 305 } } Line 7. 330 331 332 334 335 336 337 338 339 } _See_ } 209 }

340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 } _See_ _See_ } 209 322 } } Line 8. 350 351 352 354 355 356=1822 357 358 359 } _See_ _See_ } 267, 230 } 298 }

360=303 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 } _See_ _See_ } 351 303, } Line 9. 360 } } 370 371 375 376 377 378 379 }

380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 } _See_ } 286, } Line 10. 1822 } } 390 391 392 394 395 396 397 398 399 }

400 401 402 403=360 404 405 406 407 408 409 } _See_ 367 _See_ } 326 360 } } Line 11. 410 411 412 414 415 416 417 418 419 } _See_ _See_ } 326 324 }

420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 } _See_ } 324 } Line 12. } 430 432 434 435 436 437 438 439 }

PLATE LIII.

[The upper left-hand square is No. 500, the upper right is 519, the lower left-hand is 720, the lower right is 739. All the squares from 500 to 508, 520 to 528, 530 to 538, etc., up to 720 to 728, are obliterated (and their numbers omitted here) except a few.]

509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 _See_ _See_ _See_ 1967 509 510

529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 _See_ 3012

549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 _See_ 162

570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 _See_ 1823

589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599

604 605 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 _See_ 571

628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 _See_ 3054

649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 _See_ 150, 1882

669 670 671=324 672=322? 673=323? 674 675 676 677 678 679 _See_ _See_ _See_ 2042 77 1802

688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699

708 709 710 711 712 713=1802 714 715 716 717 718 719 _See_ 439

729 730=1845 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 _See_ 2020

PLATE LIV.

v-----------v 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 1882 26 1940 1941, 3011

900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907=1003 908 909 910 911 912 913 _See_ _See_ 2020 1310

1000 1001 1002 1003=907 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 _See_ _See_ _See_ 2021 3054 1811-2

v------------v 1100 1101 1102=717 1103 1104 1105=2020 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110=1209 1113 1114 1115 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 1820 2021 1840 1841?

1200 1201 1202=1110 1203 1204=1008 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209=1110 1210 1211 1212 1213 _See_ 3054 _See_ 1823

1300 1301 1302 1303=1910 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 _See_ 910

1400=1823 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413

1500 1501 1502=1010 1503 1504=717 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1102

v-----------------v 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609=1304 1610=1305 1611=1010 1612 1613

1700 1701 1702=1911 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711=1702 1712=1708 1713 1911

PLATE LVI (left-hand side--Palenque Cross).

{ 1801 1802 1803 1804 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 { _See_ { 163, 1800 { 175 { { 1805 1806 1807 1808 1966 {_See_ _See_ { 155 138

v---------------------v [*]1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1967 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 150 139, (1852) 131, 126, 179 146 127, 176

1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1968 _See_ _See_ _See_ 161 124 122, 160

1830=1820 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1969 _See_ 161 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 123, 121 163 182 123 124

1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845=1822 1846 1970 _See_ _See_ _See_ 124 _See_ 1835 124, 179 1836

1850 1851 1852 1853 1854=1806 1855 _See_ 122

1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865=2021 1866 _See_ _See_ 144 _See_ 126, 136?, 127 184?

1870=1820 1871 1872=1842? 1873=1803 1874 1875 1876 _See_ 160, _See_ 182 161

1880 1881 1882 1883 1884=1834 1885 _See_ _See_ _See_ 163, _See_ 150, 124 182 132, 162 144

1890 1891 1892 1893 1894=1822 1895 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 124 _See_ 130, 131?, 132? 144 158 147?

1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905=1803 1971 _See_ _See_ _See_ 146 157, 1802 182

1910 1911 1912 1913=1834 1914 1915 1972 _See_ _See_ _See_ 1884 174 174 141

v---------------v 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1973 _See_ _See_ 123 124

1930 1931 1932=1811-2? 1933 1934 1935=1884 1975 1974 _See_ 182

v-----------------v 1940=1862 1941 1942 1943 1944=1922 1945=1923 _See_ _See_ 123 _See_ 124 126, 127

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 _See_ 164

[*] At and after this place, in vertical columns, 1810-1-2, 1820-1-2, 1830-1-2, 1840-1-2, and 1860-1-2 may be taken as 2 or 3 symbols. I have assumed them to be 3.

PLATE LVI (right-hand side--Palenque Cross).

1980 1981 1982 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025=123 _See_ _See_ _See_ 131, 144 163 147, 150

1983 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 _See_ _See_ _See_ _See_ 132 134, 1811, 124 146, 1812 149

v---------v 1984 2040 2041 2042 2043=123 2044 2045 _See_ _See_ _See_ 131, 131, 132, 147 147 150

2000 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055

2001 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 _See_ 182

2002=122 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075

2003=2021 2080 2081 2082 2083 2084 2085 _See_ 130

2004 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095

2005 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005

{ 1976 1978 2006 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 { _See_ { 1902, [*] { 1903 { { 1977 1979 2007 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 { _See_ { 182?

2008 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034 3035

2009 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045

2010 3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 _See_ 184

2011 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065 _See_ 131, 2020

2012 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075

2013 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085

2014

[*] These four each side of the main stem of the cross. 1976=_Ezanab_--a Maya day[TN-3]

IV.

IN WHAT ORDER ARE THE HIEROGLYPHS READ?

Before any advance can be made in the deciphering of the hieroglyphic inscriptions, it is necessary to know in what directions, along what lines or columns, the verbal sense proceeds.

All the inscriptions that I know of are in rectangular figures. At Copan they are usually in squares. At Palenque the longest inscriptions are in rectangles. At Palenque again, there are some cases where there is a single horizontal line of hieroglyphs over a pictorial tablet. Here clearly the only question is, do the characters proceed from left to right, or from right to left? In other cases as in the tablet of the cross, there are vertical columns. The question here is, shall we read up or down?

Now, the hieroglyphs must be phonetic or pictorial, or a mixture of the two. If they are phonetic, it will take more than one symbol to make a word, and we shall have groups of like characters when the same word is written in two places. If the signs are pictorial, the same thing will follow; that is, we shall have groups recurring when the same idea recurs. Further, we know that the subjects treated of in these tablets must be comparatively simple, and that _names_, as of gods, kings, etc., must necessarily recur.

The _names_, then, will be the first words deciphered. At present no single name is known. These considerations, together with our system of nomenclature, will enable us to take some steps.

Take, for example, the right-hand side of the Palenque cross tablet as given by RAU. _See_ our figure 48, which is Plate LVI of STEPHENS (vol. ii, p. 345), with the addition of the part now in the National Museum at Washington.

Our system of numbering is here

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3080 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085

Now pick out the duplicate hieroglyphs in this; that is, run through the tablet, and wherever 2020 occurs erase the number which fills the place and write in 2020. Do the same for 2021, 2022, etc., down to 3084. The result will be as follows:

RIGHT-HAND SIDE OF PALENQUE CROSS TABLET (RAU).

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 ^-----------^ ^-----------^

2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 ^-----------^

2040 2041 2042 { 2025 2020 2021 { ^-----------^ { 2050 2051 2034 { 2053 2054 2055 ^-----------^

2053 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065

2070 2071 2020 2021 2022? 2024? } ^-----------^ } ? } 2053 2020 2082 2083 2025 2053 }

2021 2091 2092 { 2025 2094 2095 { 3000 2023 2034 { 2053 2033 3005 ^-----------^ ^-----------^

3010 2083 3012 2024 3014 2091

2053 3021 2023 2020 3024 2024

{ 2024 2025 2021 3033 { 2025 2034* ? { ^-----------^ { ^---- { { { 2053* 3021 3042 3043 { 2035 3045 ----^

3050 2083 { 2025 2034 3054 3055 _See_ 2082 { ^-----------^ { { 2024 2020 { 2035 3063 2024 2025 ^-----------^

2021 2031 2020 2021 2035 3045 ^-----------^

3080 3081 2091 2093 2020 2021 ^-----------^

14 cases of horizontal pairs; 4 cases of vertical pairs; 102 characters in all, of which 51 appear more than once, so that there are but 51 independent hieroglyphs.