Part 1

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STORIES PICTURES TELL

BOOK TWO

_By_

FLORA L. CARPENTER _Instructor in drawing in Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio Formerly supervisor of drawing, Bloomington, Illinois_

_Illustrated with Half Tones from Original Photographs_

RAND McNALLY & COMPANY CHICAGO NEW YORK

_Copyright, 1918, by_ RAND MCNALLY & COMPANY

Made in U. S. A.

THE CONTENTS

SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER PAGE

"Shoeing the Bay Mare" _Landseer_ 1

"Angels' Heads" _Reynolds_ 13

NOVEMBER, DECEMBER, AND JANUARY

"The First Step" _Millet_ 21

"A Fascinating Tale" _Mme Ronner_ 29

FEBRUARY AND MARCH

"A Helping Hand" _Renouf_ 37

"The Strawberry Girl" _Reynolds_ 43

APRIL, MAY, AND JUNE

"The Return to the Farm" _Troyon_ 51

Review of Pictures and Artists Studied

_The Suggestions to Teachers_ 56

THE PREFACE

Art supervisors in the public schools assign picture-study work in each grade, recommending the study of certain pictures by well-known masters. As Supervisor of Drawing I found that the children enjoyed this work but that the teachers felt incompetent to conduct the lessons as they lacked time to look up the subject and to gather adequate material. Recourse to a great many books was necessary and often while much information could usually be found about the artist, very little was available about his pictures.

Hence I began collecting information about the pictures and preparing the lessons for the teachers just as I would give them myself to pupils of their grade.

My plan does not include many pictures during the year, as this is to be only a part of the art work and is not intended to take the place of drawing.

The lessons in this grade may be used for the usual drawing period of from twenty to thirty minutes, and have been successfully given in that time. However, the most satisfactory way of using the books is as supplementary readers, thus permitting each child to study the pictures and read the stories himself.

FLORA L. CARPENTER

STORIES PICTURES TELL

SHOEING THE BAY MARE

=Original Picture:= National Gallery, London, England. =Artist:= Sir Edwin Landseer (l[)a]nd´´s[=e]r). =Birthplace:= London, England. =Dates:= Born, 1802; died, 1873.

=Questions to arouse interest.= What is the man in this picture doing? How many have watched a blacksmith shoe a horse? Why does he wear an apron made of leather? From what do the sparks fly? What has the blacksmith in his hand? Why do you suppose this horse wears no halter? What other animals do you see in this picture? Which has the larger ears, the donkey or the horse? Which seems to have the softer coat? Which can run the faster? What do you see on the donkey's back? What kind of dog is that in the picture? Why do you suppose the hound is so interested in what the blacksmith is doing? What else can you see in the picture? What makes you think the man is fond of animals? Where is the bird? Why do you like this picture?

=The story of the picture.= Here in a building that once may have been a home, we see an old-fashioned country blacksmith shop. The wide door has been made in two parts so that the upper part can be swung open to let in the sunlight. The lower part of the doorway remains closed and is just high enough to keep the horse and donkey shut in. But the dog could easily jump over it should he become frightened by the flying sparks of fire.

The smith is trying a shoe on the hind foot of the beautiful horse, but neither the man nor the horse seems quite satisfied with it. The horse has an anxious look in her intelligent eyes as she turns her head to watch the smith. Though she knows he will do the work carefully she cannot help being a little nervous about it. The dog and the donkey are also very much interested in what the smith is doing, though the dog seems ready to run at any moment. Behind the dog we see the blacksmith's anvil on which he hammers the shoe into shape. Every time the hammer strikes the red-hot iron, burning sparks fly in all directions and the blacksmith wears a leather apron, to keep them from burning holes in his clothes.

On the ground beside the blacksmith is a box in which are the tools the smith must use. It has a handle so that the smith may carry it with him and place it within reach when he is fitting the shoe.

Years ago, when the artist painted this picture, a blacksmith had to make each shoe by hand from a bar of iron. Now horseshoes are made rapidly by machinery and the blacksmith gets them from the factory. They are made in all shapes and sizes and the smith will try several shoes until he finds one that fits the horse's hoof. If it needs to be shaped a little he must heat it red hot before he can bend it. He puts it into the great bed of red-hot coals in his forge, and then blows upon the coals with his bellows to make the fire hotter. His heavy iron tongs are used to take the red-hot shoe from the coals and to hold it upon the anvil while he pounds it into shape. Next he drops it into cold water until it is cool enough to try on. The smith must be a strong man to do his work well, and in this picture our attention is drawn to the great muscles on his arms and the firm strength of his large hands.

It takes great skill to drive the nails into the horse's hoof in just such a way that they will hold the shoe firmly and at the same time not hurt the hoof. Sometimes, but not very often, a blacksmith drives a nail in the wrong direction, and the horse becomes lame. Horses grow accustomed to being shod, and seem to like to have comfortable new shoes put on. How glad they must be in the winter to have their hoofs sharp shod, so they do not slip on the ice!

Betty, the bay mare in this picture, liked to be shod, and as she never wore a halter and could go where she pleased, she sometimes went to see the blacksmith. The story is told that one day while she was galloping over the fields one of her shoes became loose. Betty seemed to know just what to do; it was not long before the blacksmith heard a gentle neigh, and there was Betty with her head over the gate, asking to be let in. Once inside she held up the foot with the loose shoe for the blacksmith to fix. You may be sure he patted her velvety neck, and told her that he knew just what the trouble was and would fix her up all right.

The shaggy little donkey you see in the picture had to wait until the blacksmith had attended to Betty. But he did not care about having his shoes fixed anyway, and so did not mind waiting.

The man who owned Betty was Mr. Jacob Bell, and he was so proud of her that he wanted her picture painted. In fact, once when Betty had had a beautiful colt, Mr. Bell asked Sir Edwin Landseer to paint a picture of the two together. But the artist had such a long waiting list of animals to paint that he did not get around to Betty's turn for a long time. Betty had another colt, but it, too, had grown to be as tall as Betty herself before Sir Edwin Landseer at last came out to see her.

He came on the very day that Betty paid her visit to the blacksmith shop, and so it was there that Mr. Bell took the artist to see her. Landseer had planned to paint the horse out in the green fields; but when he saw her in the blacksmith shop, watching every movement of the smith with such perfect understanding in her great, intelligent eyes, he decided to paint her there.

One can see at a glance that this horse is well cared for; her silky coat makes us wish to pet her. Notice the white star-shaped mark on her forehead.

The hound must have followed the horse, for he does not look as if he belonged in the blacksmith shop. He seems to be a little afraid of the hot tongs placed in front of him, and looks as if he might run away the next time the sparks begin to fly.

That sleepy-looking little donkey must belong to some child, for you can see the saddle on his back. Probably some boy will call for him, and ride him home.

Notice how the light comes in through the upper half of the doorway and falls upon the figures. Can you see where the light from the fire in the forge is shining?

We cannot see the bird in the cage hanging from the roof of the blacksmith shop, but no doubt it sang very merrily on the bright sunny day this must have been. The smith has placed its cage a safe distance from the heat, and where it can get plenty of air and sunlight. No doubt they are great friends, but how the bird must wish to try its wings in a long flight up beyond the treetops and into the bright blue sky!

When the shoe is fixed the blacksmith will open the door and Betty will trot home by herself. No wonder Mr. Bell was proud of a horse that knew so much and was so beautiful. Would you not like to have a horse like Betty?

=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= When a horse needs new shoes, where does its owner take it? What is the name of the horse in our picture? Why did Betty come to the blacksmith shop? How did she let the blacksmith know what she wanted? Does she seem pleased with the shoe he is trying on? How can he make it fit? Why does he heat the shoe red hot? Upon what does he place the red-hot shoe to pound it into shape? On the blackboard draw a picture of an anvil. What does the blacksmith use when he blows the coals to make a hotter fire? With what does he hold the hot shoes? Why does he put them in cold water before trying them on? How does he fasten the shoe on the horse's hoof? Why does it not hurt a horse to be shod? What do you see on the donkey's back? Of what is the dog afraid? What does the blacksmith wear to keep the sparks from burning his clothes? Why is that low gate placed in the doorway? To whom did Betty belong? Who came to paint her picture? Why did he paint her in the blacksmith shop? What makes you think she was well cared for? Why do you suppose she is so gentle and patient? Where does the light in the picture come from? Why do you like Betty?

=To the Teacher:= Have the pupils memorize the following lines from Longfellow's _The Village Blacksmith_:

And children coming home from school Look in at the open door; They love to see the flaming forge, And hear the bellows roar, And catch the burning sparks that fly Like chaff from a threshing-floor.

=The story of the artist.= Sir Edwin Landseer had three sisters and two brothers who liked to draw and paint as well as he did. The father was an artist, and he taught them all how to draw when they were very young.

They lived in the country, and often the father went with his children for a walk through the fields. There were two very large fields separated from each other by a fence with an old-fashioned stile for a gate. This stile had several steps, and was built high so that the sheep and cows could not jump over. One day when Edwin was six years old, and so little that he had to be lifted over this stile, his father tells us that "At his request I lifted him over, and finding a scrap of paper and a pencil in my pocket, I made him sketch a cow." After this Edwin came here nearly every day, and his father called these two fields "Edwin's studio."

When Edwin was only thirteen years old two of his pictures were exhibited at the Royal Academy. One was a portrait of a mule; the other, of a dog and puppies.

Edwin painted always from life, not caring to make copies from the work of others. All the sketches he made when he was a little boy were carefully kept by the father, and now if you go to England you may see them in the South Kensington Museum in London.

Edwin, we are told, was a bright, gentle little boy, with blue eyes and light curly hair. At fourteen years of age he became a pupil at the Royal Academy. The keeper there was an old man who grew very fond of the boy. He would look all about for him, and if he could not find him he would say, "Where is my little dog boy?" At this time Edwin had three dogs of his own, which he called Brutus, Vixen, and Boxer. They were his inseparable companions, and so intelligent that they seemed almost able to speak.

For many years he lived and painted in his father's house in a poor little room without even a carpet. All the furniture, we are told, consisted of three cheap chairs and an easel. Later, he had a fine studio not far from a park. There was a small house and garden here, and the barn was made over into a studio.

Sir Edwin was not a very good business man, and he left the management of all his affairs to his father, who sold his pictures for him and kept his accounts.

Landseer was only sixteen years old when he exhibited his wonderful picture called "Fighting Dogs Getting Wind." A very rich man whose praise meant a great deal at that time bought the picture, and Sir Edwin's success was assured. After that so many people brought their pets for him to paint that he had to keep a list, and each must wait his turn.

It was about this time, too, that he painted an old white horse in the stable of another wealthy man. After the picture was finished, ready to deliver, it suddenly disappeared. Search was made for it everywhere, but it was not found until twenty-four years afterwards. A servant had stolen it and hidden it in a hayloft. He was afraid to sell it, or even to keep it in his home, for every one would recognize the great artist's work.

At the age of twenty-four, Landseer became a member of the Royal Academy, which was an unusual honor for so young a man.

The story is told that at an evening party in the home of a well-known leader of society in London where Landseer was present, the guests had been talking about skill with the hands. One of the guests said that no one had ever been found who could draw two things at once. Landseer remarked, "Oh, I can do that; lend me two pencils, and I will show you."

He then quickly drew the head of a horse with one hand, at the same time drawing a deer's head and antlers with the other hand. Both sketches were so good that they might well have been drawn with the same hand and with much more study.

Landseer made a special study of lions, too, and painted many pictures of them. The great lions at the base of the famous Nelson Monument in Trafalgar Square, London, were modeled by him.

Although Landseer painted so many wild animals, birds, and hunting scenes, he did not care to hunt or shoot. Sometimes he would hire guides to take him into the wildest parts in search of game. But these guides felt thoroughly disgusted with him when, a great wild deer bounding toward them, he would merely make a sketch of it in his book.

Landseer knew how to use a gun, however, and sometimes did use it with great success. But it was the study of live animals that interested him most. He often said that to kill a bird was to lose it.

He believed that animals understand, feel, and reason just like people; so he represented them in his pictures as happy, sad, gay, dignified, frivolous, rich, poor, and in all ways just like human beings.

Landseer did and said all he could against the custom of cutting, or "cropping," the ears of dogs. He said that nature intended to protect the ears of dogs that "dig in the dirt," and man should not interfere. People paid a great deal of attention to what he said, and the custom lost favor.

In 1850 the honor of knighthood was conferred upon Landseer. He was popular alike with patron and peasant, and no English painter has ever been more appreciated in his own country.

Landseer died in London in 1873, at the age of seventy-one.

=Questions about the artist.= What can you tell about the artist who painted this picture? Where did he live when he was a boy? How many brothers and sisters did he have? Where did they often walk with their father? What separated the two fields? How many of you ever saw a stile? What animal did Edwin sketch first? Where was "Edwin's studio"? What became of the pictures Edwin drew and painted when he was a boy? Tell about the keeper of the Royal Academy and Edwin; tell about Edwin and his picture of an old white horse; tell about his fine new studio. How did Sir Edwin Landseer think animals felt and understood? Tell how he went hunting. How well could he draw with his left hand? Why did people like him? Why do you think he was a great artist?

ANGELS' HEADS

=Original Picture:= National Gallery, London, England. =Artist:= Sir Joshua Reynolds (r[)e]n´´[)u]ldz). =Birthplace:= Plympton, Devonshire, England. =Dates:= Born, 1723; died, 1792.

=Questions to arouse interest.= What do you see in this picture? Why do you think these heads look alike? How do they differ? How many are looking up? Which one is looking right at you? Where are the others looking? Where does the light come from? Where does the ray of light strike each head? Which looks the happiest? the most thoughtful? Which one seems to be singing? Which one do you like best? why? How many know a little girl with blue eyes and light hair who looks something like one of these?

=The story of the picture.= Far back in a beautiful yard, so large that it was almost a park, was a house so fine that people drove past just to see it. In this house lived a nobleman, his wife, and one lovely little daughter. Their names were Lord and Lady William Gordon, and the little girl's name was Frances Isabelle Gordon. Perhaps you have already guessed that she was the little girl we see in this picture. And this is how she happened to have her picture painted: The artist, Sir Joshua Reynolds, was a great friend of Lord and Lady Gordon and used to visit them very often. He would ride in a splendid carriage which was gilded and carved on the outside and decorated with wonderful pictures painted by himself. He had a coachman and footman, too, and when he came riding up the long driveway, little Frances must have run out to see the great carriage, for no one else had one like it.

Soon Sir Joshua Reynolds and Frances Isabelle became great friends. He could tell such good stories! And then he liked to play games with her, and above all he liked to tease her. But she did not mind his teasing, for she could run away from him when she did not like it.

Sometimes he would invite her to ride home with him in his carriage. Then he would show her his studio where he painted, and let her play with some of the toys he always kept ready for his little friends. Very likely her mother would tell him to send her home in an hour. How she must have enjoyed the ride back all alone in the big carriage, with the tall coachman and footman sitting so straight! No doubt she pretended she was a great lady riding in state, and sat very still and proper.

Sir Joshua Reynolds loved this little girl very much, and he was glad indeed when one day her mother brought her to have her picture painted.

There were no photograph galleries then such as we have now, so there was no other way to have one's picture taken. The great artist put his piece of canvas on an easel and mixed his colors. Then he told Frances Isabelle just where to sit. Although Sir Joshua Reynolds painted very rapidly, she had to sit still for a long time, and come several days, before the picture could be finished.

First he drew her looking straight at him watching him arrange his paints. Then he began to make sketches of her in different positions, but he liked her so much in all, that he could not decide which one to use. Finally, he thought of painting them all in one picture. Then, as little Frances looked so lovely and so like an angel, he decided to add the wings and clouds and call his picture "Angels' Heads."

You see at that time, not having any photographers, no one thought of showing a person in different positions all in one picture as we do nowadays. People were very glad then to have one good picture of their friends.

Imagine how pleased and delighted Lord and Lady Gordon must have been with these five pictures instead of one, and all so like their little girl! The angel heads seem to be floating in the clouds, their faces lighted up by the bright ray of sunlight which is reflected in the golden hair of each. For Frances Isabelle had the most beautiful golden hair and the bluest of blue eyes.

The head at the lower left-hand side of the picture is serious and thoughtful, as if some hard question had to be answered. The one just above seems quiet, as if listening to the two other angels, who are singing happily. These four have quite forgotten us, but the little girl who looks straight at us seems to be right here in the room, watching us and wondering about us. A happy, healthy little girl, she looks as if she would like to run and play with us. Such a sweet, winsome face! No wonder Sir Joshua loved her very much.

People came from far and near to see this beautiful painting when it was finished. Finally, years later, Lord and Lady Gordon gave it to the city of London to hang in the National Gallery of paintings for all to see. There it still hangs, and people who go to London always look for it, and find it just as lovely as ever.

=Questions to help the pupil understand the picture.= Of whom is this a picture? Where did she live? How did she happen to have her picture painted? Who painted it? What kind of a carriage did he have? What did he sometimes ask her to do? Why did she not go to a photographer to have her picture taken? How long did it take Sir Joshua Reynolds to paint her picture? Why did he paint so many pictures of her? Why did he call the picture "Angels' Heads"? How many faces are looking at us? Where do they seem to be? Which one is the prettiest? Did Lord and Lady Gordon like this picture?

=The story of the artist.= Sir Joshua Reynolds's father was a teacher in a private school, and to this school Joshua was sent as soon as he was old enough. Even when a very little boy Joshua liked to draw. He liked so well to draw that it was very hard for him to study in school. He always saw so many things to draw that he could not wait until after school, but drew them on the back of his lesson papers.

One day he drew all over his number paper, and when he handed it in, his father could not read the numbers on account of the drawing. His father was disappointed because his son's paper did not look so neat as the other boys', and so he wrote at the top of the paper, "Done by Joshua out of pure idleness."

Joshua had five brothers and sisters who liked to draw just as well as he did, and who could all draw very much better than he could.

It took so much paper and so many pencils for all his children, that finally the father told them they might draw on the walls of the halls. These walls had been whitewashed and the children used burnt sticks for pencils.

At first the older brothers and sisters used to help little Joshua by guiding his hand, but he soon learned to draw as well as they. His first drawings had been so funny that they had laughed at him. Now they praised him instead.

When he was only eight years old Joshua drew a picture that every one praised very much. It was a picture of the schoolhouse. His father was so pleased when he saw it that he said, "This is wonderful!"