Star-land: Being Talks With Young People About the Wonders of the Heavens
Part 24
The vicinity of Orion is also enriched with some of the most interesting stellar objects. Follow the line of the belt upwards to the right, and your eye is conducted to a ruddy first magnitude star named Aldebaran, in the constellation of the Bull. This is a pleasing object, which the beginner will sometimes be apt to confuse with the planet Mars, to which, under certain circumstances, it certainly bears a resemblance. Another very pleasing little group, known as the Hyades, will be found near Aldebaran. If the line of the belt of Orion be carried down to the left, it will be found to point to Sirius, or the Dog Star.
You will find it an interesting occupation to make for yourself maps of small parts of the heavens. First copy out the chief stars in their proper places from the star atlas, and then fill in the smaller stars with your own observations. Try first on some limited region of the heavens; take the figure of Cassiopeia, for instance, or the Square of Pegasus, and see if you can produce a fair representation of those groups by marking in the stars that your instrument will show you; or take the Pleiades and make a tracing of the principal stars of the group from the sketch that we have given (Fig. 89), then take an opera-glass and fill in as carefully as you can all that it will show. I can assure you that you will find a little definite work of this kind full of interest and instruction.
But I hope you will desire to advance further in the study of the heavens. It is to be remembered that with even the most moderate instruments there is much to be done. Many comets have been detected, and many planets have been discovered, by the use of telescopes so small that they could be easily carried out from the house for the evening’s work and brought back again after the observations were over.
It remains for me to add a few words which will help you in finding the planets. It is, of course, impossible to represent such objects as Jupiter, Saturn, Venus, Mars, and Mercury on maps of the heavens, because these bodies are constantly moving about, and if their places were right to-day they would be wrong to-morrow. The almanac will be necessary for you here. You must find out by its help what planets are visible and in what part of the sky they are placed. Then you will have to compare your maps with the heavens, and when you find a bright star-like body that is not shown on your maps you may conclude at once that it is the planet. Although these objects are so star-like to the unaided eye, yet the resemblance is at once dispelled when we use a telescope. The star is only a bright point of light and white, the planet shows a visible shape. This is, at least, the case with the five planets I have named; for there are others, such as Uranus and Neptune, which are too far to be much more than star-like points in ordinary telescopes. The minor planets would not interest you.
I hope that the reading of STAR-LAND will, at all events, induce you to make a beginning of the study of the heavens, if you have not already done so. If you have the advantage of a telescope, so much the better; but, if this is impossible, make the best use of your own eyes. Do not put it off or wait till you get some one to teach you. If it be clear this very night, go out and find the Great Bear and the Pole Star, and as many of the other constellations as you can, and at once commence your career as an astronomer.
TABLE OF USEFUL ASTRONOMICAL FACTS.
The sun’s mean distance from the earth is 92,700,000 miles; his diameter is 865,000 miles, and he rotates in a period between 25 and 26 days.
The moon’s mean distance from the earth is 238,000 miles; the diameter of the moon is 2160 miles, and the time of revolution round the earth is 27.322 days.
THE PLANETS.
+---------------+---------------+-----------+----------------- | Mean Distance | Periodic Time | Diameter | | from the Sun | of Revolution | of Planet | Axial Rotation. | in Millions | in Days. | in Miles. | | of Miles. | | | --------+---------------+---------------+-----------+----------------- | | | | Hrs. Mins. Secs. Mercury | 35.9 | 87.969 | 2,992 | Uncertain. Venus | 67.0 | 224.70 | 7,660 | Uncertain. Earth | 92.7 | 365.26 | 7,918 | 23 56 4.09 Mars | 141 | 686.98 | 4,200 | 24 37 22.7 Jupiter | 482 | 4,332.6 | 85,000 | 9 55 -- Saturn | 884 | 10,759 | 71,000 | 10 14 23.8 Uranus | 1,780 | 30,687 | 31,700 | Unknown. Neptune | 2,780 | 60,127 | 34,500 | Unknown. --------+---------------+---------------+-----------+-----------------
THE SATELLITES OF MARS.
+--------------------+------------------- Name. | Mean Distance from | Periodic Time. | Centre of Mars. | ----------+--------------------+------------------- | | Hrs. Mins. Secs. Phobos | 5,800 miles. | 7 39 14 Deimos | 14,500 ” | 30 17 54 ----------+--------------------+-------------------
THE SATELLITES OF JUPITER.
+--------------------+------------------------- Name. | Mean Distance from | Periodic Time. | Centre of Jupiter. | ----------+--------------------+------------------------- | | Days Hrs. Mins. Secs. I | 262,000 miles. | 1 18 27 34 II | 417,000 ” | 3 13 13 42 III | 664,000 ” | 7 3 42 33 IV | 1,170,000 ” | 16 16 32 11 V | 112,400 ” | -- 11 57 (?) ----------+--------------------+--------------------------
THE SATELLITES OF SATURN.
+--------------------+------------------------- Name. | Mean Distance from | Periodic Time. | Centre of Saturn. | ----------+--------------------+------------------------- | | Days Hrs. Mins. Secs. Mimas | 118,000 miles. | 0 22 37 27.9 Enceladus | 152,000 ” | 1 8 53 6.7 Tethys | 188,000 ” | 1 21 18 25.7 Dione | 241,000 ” | 2 17 41 8.9 Rhea | 337,000 ” | 4 12 25 10.8 Titan | 781,000 ” | 15 22 41 25.2 Hyperion | 946,000 ” | 21 7 7 40.8 Iapetus | 2,280,000 ” | 79 7 54 40.4 ----------+--------------------+-------------------------
A ninth satellite was discovered in August, 1898, by Prof. W. H. Pickering, but its mean distance and periodic time have not yet been determined with precision.
THE SATELLITES OF URANUS.
+--------------------+--------------- Name. | Mean Distance from | Periodic Time. | Centre of Uranus. | Days. ----------+--------------------+--------------- Ariel | 119,000 miles. | 2.520383 Umbriel | 166,000 ” | 4.144121 Titania | 272,000 ” | 8.705897 Oberon | 363,000 ” | 13.463269 ----------+--------------------+---------------
THE SATELLITE OF NEPTUNE.
+--------------------+--------------- Name. | Mean Distance from | Periodic Time. | Centre of Neptune. | Days. ----------+--------------------+--------------- Anonymous | 220,000 miles. | 5.87690 ----------+--------------------+---------------
INDEX.
A.
Active Volcanoes, Number of, 112.
Adams, of Cambridge, and Leverrier, of Paris, 249.
Address of Mr. John Smith, 330.
Africa would be better known if on Moon, 105.
Air as Blanket to keep Earth Warm, 8.
Air not Transparent, 125.
” Pump, 183.
” Resistance of, 182.
Alcor, 343.
Aldebaran, 389.
Algol, 342, 385.
Alpha Centauri, 319; Railway to, 338.
Ancient Theory to account for Rising and Setting of Sun, 48.
Andromeda, 385.
Andromeda, Nebula in, photographed by Mr. Roberts, 364.
Andromedes, 310.
Annual Motion of Earth round Sun, 56.
Annular Eclipses, 88.
Apparent Smallness of Distant Objects, 25.
Appearance of the Sun, 35.
Appearance of the Sun during a Total Eclipse, 40.
Arctic Sun, 66.
Area of Moon’s Surface, 82.
Ariel, 243.
” Distance and Period of, 392.
Arthur’s Seat, Volcano, 114.
Asaph Hall, Professor, 195.
Asteroids or Small Planets, 203.
Astronomer and Mathematician, 144.
Astronomers, How they measure the Distances of the Heavenly Bodies, 19.
Astronomical Facts, Table of, 391.
_Astronomie, l’_, A French Journal, 30.
Athlete on Moon, 131.
Atlantic, Sun dropped into, 48.
Atmosphere of Moon, 125.
Attraction of Gravitation, 119, 186.
August Meteors, 309.
Auriga, 385.
Auvergne, Ancient Volcanoes in, 114.
Awful Vista of Lessons, 371.
Axis of Earth Constant in Direction, 69.
B.
Babies on the Moon, 130.
Balloon, How supported, 124.
Bands on Saturn, 224.
Bear, Great, 381; Little, 383.
Belts on Jupiter, 215.
Benefits that we receive from the Sun, 10.
Betelgeuze, 388.
Biela’s Comet, 311.
Blanket to keep Earth Warm, 8.
Books, Number of, Necessary to describe Universe, 372.
Brahe, Tycho, 170.
Brightness of Saturn, 223.
” ” the Stars, 340.
” ” ” Sun, 1.
Brighton Coach, 138.
British Museum Collection of Meteorites, 313.
British Natural History Museum, 370.
“Brown Bess,” 68.
Brussels, 328.
Bull, Constellation of the, 388.
Burning-glass, Experiment with, 3.
Button illuminated, 152.
C.
Cambridge Observations of Neptune, 251.
Capella, 385.
Carigou, Mount, in Pyrenees, 31.
Caroline Island, 42.
Cart-wheel, Measurements with, 173.
Cassiopeia, 384.
Castor and Pollux, 345.
Celestial Library, 372.
” ” Size of, 373.
Changes of the Seasons, 66.
Changes of the Sun with the Seasons, 57.
Charles I., 19.
Christmas Time, What the Sun does for us at, 10.
Clerk-Maxwell’s Top, 182.
Clock to count Sun’s Distance, 18.
Clouds a Form of Steam, 15.
” fill our Rivers, etc., 15.
” on Jupiter, 216.
” ” Mars, 191.
” ” Neptune, 253.
” ” Saturn, 224.
” ” Uranus, 243.
Cluster in the Centaur, 328.
Clusters of Stars, 327.
Coal, Mode of Production of, 11.
” Whence came it?, 11.
Coal-pit, 201.
Cock and the Sun, 66.
Codde, Marcus, Picture of Sunset, 30.
Coldness of Mountain Tops, 8.
Collier, Eye of a, 201.
Color of Stars, 340.
Columbiad Theory of Meteorites, 314.
Comet attracted by Sun, 274.
” colliding with Earth, 281.
” Encke’s, 143, 259.
Comet, Great, of September, 1882, 277.
Comet, Halley’s, 263.
” Identification of a, 258.
” Materials of a, 276.
” Movements of a, 255.
” of Biela, 311.
” of 1861, 281.
” seen at Sun’s Edge, 278.
” Speed of a, 256.
” Weighing Scales for a, 276.
Comets and Shooting Stars, 255.
” Disposition of Tails of, 257.
” Extravagance of, 283.
” Tails of, 281.
Common, Mr., 278.
Comparative Sizes of Planets, 139.
Comparison of Solar System and Nebula, 367.
Cooling of Earth and Moon, Illustration of, 116.
Copenhagen, Residence of Tycho, 170.
Corona of the Sun, 44.
Cotton Yarn, 334.
Crape Ring of Saturn, 225.
Craters on the Moon, 108.
Craters, Terrestrial and Lunar, compared, 113.
Cricket on the Moon, 131.
Cunarder’s Lights at Sea, 326.
D.
Danish Hounds of Tycho Brahe, 172.
Day and Night, 46, 51.
Daylight, Stars seen in, 59.
Deimos and Phobos, Satellites of Mars, 200.
Deimos, Distance and Period of, 391.
Desertion, Herschel’s, 231.
Dewar, Professor, 53, 55, 187.
Dictionary, Worcester’s, Use of, 269.
Dione, Distance and Period of, 392.
Direction of Earth’s Axis Constant, 69.
Discoveries of Kepler, 174.
” ” Newton, 178.
Disguised Stars, 205.
Disposition of Comets’ Tails, 257.
Distance of the Sun, 17, 210, 391.
Distances of Heavenly Bodies, How measured, 19.
Distances of Nebulæ, 365.
” ” the Stars, 332.
Distant Objects, Apparent Smallness of, 25.
Double Stars, 342; Motion of, 344.
D. Q., 210.
Drawing of the Solar System, 135.
Dufferin, Lord, 65.
Dunsink Observatory, Telescope of, 95.
Dust from Meteors, 292.
E.
Eagle in West of Ireland, 27.
Earth, Annual Motion of, 56.
” colliding with Comet, 281.
” Diameter of, 391.
” Distance of, from Sun, 391.
Earth, History of, as seen from Stars, 337.
Earth, Internal Heat of, 115.
” Moon-view of, 78.
Earth, Period of, 391.
” Rank of, in Space, 329.
” Rotation of, 49, 391.
” viewed from Sun, 28.
” Visibility of, 369.
Eclipse, Total, Appearances seen during, 40.
Eclipses, How produced, 84.
” Annular, 88.
” of Jupiter’s Satellites, 219.
” ” Moon, 89.
Edinburgh Castle, 114.
Effect of Moon’s Distance on its Appearance, 89.
Electric Lamp, Heating Effect of, 6.
Ellipse, 167; Importance of, 169.
” and Parabola, 169, 275.
Elliptic Paths of Planets, 169.
Enceladus, Distance and Period of, 392.
Encke’s Comet, 143, 259; Periodicity of, 260.
Eros, 210.
Eternal Snow on Mountain Summits, 9.
Euclid, 22.
Evening Star, 151.
Examining Moon, Quarter the Best Time for, 107.
Experiment with Burning-glass, 3.
Explosion of Krakatoa, 113.
Express Train to the Sun, 19.
Extinct Craters on the Earth, 114; on the Moon, 114.
Eye of a Collier, 201.
Eyes, Use of Two, 19.
F.
Facts, Table of Useful Astronomical, 391.
Five o’Clock Tea, Sun’s Share in, 10.
Finlay, Mr., 278.
Flagstaff, Height of, 110.
Flora, Lawn-tennis on, 209.
Fly-boats on Royal Canal, Smooth Motion of, 52.
Flying Machines, 208.
Focus, 5; of Ellipse, 170.
Football on Moon, 131.
Fossil Trees, 11.
France, Extinct Craters in, 114.
Friday, 135.
G.
Galle of Berlin finds Neptune, 251.
Geissler’s Tubes, 361.
Geography of Mars, 188.
” ” the Moon, 105.
George III. and Herschel, 238.
Georgium Sidus, 240.
Giant Planets, 212; Orbits of, 213.
Globe, Shadow of, 170.
Grand Meteors, 295.
Gravitation, 120, 186.
” on Moon, 128.
” ” Small Planets, 209.
” ” the Sun, 132.
Great Bear, 161; Number of Stars in, 323; How to find, 381.
Green, Mr., 193.
Greenwich, 138.
Grinding Specula, 235.
“Guards,” 383.
H.
Habitability of Moon, 123.
” ” Other Worlds, 133.
Hall, Professor Asaph, 195.
Halley’s Comet, 263; Reappearance of, 266.
Heat, Internal, of Earth, 115.
” of the Sun, 1.
Heating Effect of Electric Lamp, 6.
Height of Flagstaff, 110.
” ” India-rubber Ball, 19.
” ” Meteor, 296.
” ” the Sun, 57.
Herschel, Caroline, 233, 239.
” William, 230.
” ” at Windsor, 238.
Herschel’s Saturn, 239.
“Hœdi,” or Kids, 385.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 370.
Hot Water and the Sun, 14.
Houzeau, 322.
How Astronomers measure the Distances of the Heavenly Bodies, 19.
How Planets are weighed, 142.
” to find the Planets, 390.
” ” name the Stars, 381.
” ” split up a Ray of Light, 351.
Humming-top, 182.
Hundreds of Thousands of Libraries required, 376.
Hyperion, Distance and Period of, 392.
I.
Iapetus, Distance and Period of, 392.
Identification of Comets, 258.
India-rubber Ball, Height of, 19.
Inner Planets, The, 134.
Insects, Leaf-like, 204.
Institution, Royal, 53.
Internal Heat of Earth, 115.
Inventory of Worlds, 379.
Iris of the Eye, 202.
Iron Vapor, 291.
Island, Caroline, 42.
J.
Janssen’s Picture of Sun-spot, 36.
Jupiter, 214.
” compared with Earth, 214.
Jupiter’s Belts, 215.
” Clouds, 216.
” Diameter, 391.
” Distance, 391.
” Internal Heat, 218.
Jupiter’s Period of Revolution, 212, 391.
Jupiter’s Rotation, 215, 391.
” Satellites, 218.
” ” Eclipses of, 220.
Jupiter’s Satellites, Distances and Periods of, 392.
Jupiter’s Weight, 214.
K.
Kaiser Sea, 192.
Kepler, 174; His Laws, 177, 186.
Kilauea, Volcano, 112.
Kirkwood’s Description of Meteor Shower, 1833, 301.
Krakatoa Eruption, 113.
L.
Lalande’s Observations of Neptune, 253.
Latitude defined, 68.
Lawn-tennis on Flora, 209.
Law of Motion, First, 183.
Laws of Kepler, 177.
Leaf-like Insects, 204.
Leonids, 308.
” Orbit of, 302.
“Letters from High Latitudes,” 65.
Leverrier, of Paris, and Adams, of Cambridge, 249.
Life on the Moon, 123.
” ” Other Worlds, 369.
” ” Small Planets, 209.
Light, Velocity of, 219.
Limit of Visibility, 102.
Lion, Eyes of, 202.
Little Bear, 383.
Little Sunbeam, 17.
London, Model of, 91.
Lowell, Mr., 194.
Lunar Athlete, 131.
” Babies, 130.
” Craters, 108.
” ” Origin of, 111.
” Cricket and Football, 131.
” Eclipses, 89.
” Foxhounds, 131.
” Geography, 105.
” Postman, 130.
” Seas, 108.
M.
Magnesium, 350.
Magnet attracting Ball, 187.
Man on the Moon, 77.
Maps of the Stars, 206, 318; How to make, 389.
Mars, 134, 160.
” and his Movements, 160.
” Atmosphere of, 194.
” Color of, 161.
Mars, Diameter and Distance of, 391.
Mars, General Direction of Motion of, 165.
Mars, Geography of, 188.
” Period of, 391.
” Polar Snows on, 193.
” Retrograde Motion of, 162.
” Rotation of, 192, 391.
” Satellites of, 194.
” Seas on, 193.
” Views of, 189, 190.
” When to observe, 160.
Materials of a Comet, 276.
Mathematician and Astronomer, 144.
Measurements with a Cart-wheel, 173.
Measuring-rod used by Astronomers, 333.
Mercury, 134, 141.
Mercury, Diameter, Distance, Period, and Rotation of, 391.
Mercury, Transit of, 142.
” Weight of, 142.
” Where to find, 142.
Meteor, Height of a, 296.
” of Dec. 21, 1876, 297.
” ” Nov. 6, 1869, 292.
Meteoric Dust, 292.
Meteorites, 312.
Meteorites, Columbiad Theory of, 314.
Meteorites in British Museum, 313.
Meteoroids, 285.
Meteoroids heated by Friction of Air, 288.
Meteoroids, Velocity of, 286.
Meteors, 284.
” August, 309.
Methuselah, 376.
Milky Way, 327.
Mimas, Distance and Period of, 392.
Minor Planets, Size and Number of, 207.
Mirror for Reflecting Telescope, 234.
Mode of Production of Coal, 11.
Model of Lunar Crater, 110.
Monday, Why so called, 74, 135.
Mont Blanc, 8.
Moon always shows Same Face, 118.
Moon, Imaginary Voyage to, 124.
” Life on, 123.
” rising in West, 198.
” Size of, 79, 101.
Moon’s Appearance, Effect of Distance on, 89.
Moon’s Area, 82.
” Atmosphere, 125.
” Diameter, 391.
” Distance, 391.
” Movements, 84, 118.
” Phases, 74.
” Time of Revolution, 391.
Moon-view of Earth, 78.
Morning Star, 151.
Motes in Sunbeam, 292.
Motion, Annual, of Earth, 56.
Motion of Planet round Sun illustrated, 188.
Mount Carigou in the Pyrenees, 31.
Mountains on the Moon, How measured, 108.
Mountain Tops, Coldness of, 8.
N.
Naming the Stars, 381.
Nasmyth, 35.
National Debt, 339.
Nature of Saturn’s Rings, 225.
Nebula in Orion, 388.
” Ring, in Lyra, 354.
Nebulæ, 353.
Nebulæ and Solar System compared, 367.
Nebulæ, Distances of, 366.
” Photographs of, 362.
Nebulæ, Stars in, 366.
” What made of, 359.
Neptune, Discovery of, 244.
Neptune, Former Observations of, 252.
Neptune’s Brightness, 252.
” Clouds, 253.
Neptune’s Diameter, Distance, Period, and Rotation, 391.
Neptune’s Size, 253.
” Satellite, 253.
Neptune’s Satellite, Distance and Period of, 393.
Neptune’s Time of Revolution, 213.
Newton’s Discoveries, 178.
Night and Day, 46, 51.
Noonday Gun, 5.
North Pole, 53; Continual Day at, 70; Sunshine at, 71.
November Showers of Meteors, 299.
Number of Books Necessary to describe Universe, 372.
Number of Minor Planets, 207.
” ” Stars, 321.
O.
Oberon, 243; Distance and Period of, 392.
Objects, Distant, Apparent Smallness of, 25.
Observing Robes, 172.
Occultation of Star by Moon, 126.
Octagon Chapel, Bath, Organist of, 231.
Old Moon in New Moon’s Arms, 77.
Orbit of Leonids, 302.
Orbits of Giant Planets, 213.
” ” Uranus and Neptune, 250.
Orion, 387.
Oxygen Necessary to Life, 124.
P.
Pacific Ocean, Track of Eclipse across, 42.
Parabola, 169, 269.
” and Ellipse, 169, 275.
Parabolic Reflectors, 272.
Pegasus, Square of, 384.
Pendulum, 54.
Periodicity of Comets, 263.
Perseids, 309.
Perseus, 327, 385.
Perturbation of Encke’s Comet, 146.
Phases of Mercury, 142.
” ” the Moon, 74.
Phases of Venus, 152.
Phobos and Deimos, Satellites of Mars, 200.
Phobos, Distance and Period of, 391.
Phœbe, 229.
Photographic Search for Planets, 207.
Photographing the Nebulæ, 362.
Photographs of the Heavenly Bodies, 207.
Photographs of the Moon, 107, 109.
Pit-eyes, 201.
Planetary Time Table, 179.
Planets, How to find the, 390.
” Small, or Asteroids, 203.
” Small, Search for, 205.
Planets, Small, Size and Number of, 207.
Pleiades, 363, 385; Apparent Change in Position of, 387.
“Pointers,” 383.
Polar Snows on Mars, 193.
Pole, North, 53; Continual Day at, 70; Sunshine at, 71.
Pole Star, 383.
Postman on the Moon, 130.
Prediction of Halley, 264.
Preserved Sunbeams, 13.
Prism, Refraction of Light through, 351.
Prominences on Sun, 44.
Proportion of Sunlight received by Earth, 9.
Pupil of the Eye, 201.
Pupil of the Eye as Large as a Dinner Plate, 203.
Q.
Quarter the Best Time for examining the Moon, 107.
Quicksilver, 141.
R.
Radiant Point of Meteor Shower, 308.
Railway to Alpha Centauri, 338.
Rank of Earth in Space, 329.
Reappearance of Halley’s Comet, 267.
Recorder, Sunshine, 5.
Reflectors for Lighthouses, 271.
Refraction of Light through Prism, 351.
Relative Sizes of Earth and Sun, 31.
Requisites for Astronomical Discoveries, 199.
Resistance of Air, 182.
Retrograde Motion of Mars, 162.
Rhea, Distance and Period of, 392.
Rifle, 68.
Rigel, 388.
Ring Nebula in Lyra, 354.
Rings of Saturn, 224.
Rings of Smoke, 357.
Rising and Setting of Sun, Ancient Theories of, 48.
Roberts, Mr. Isaac, 325; His Photograph of Great Andromeda Nebula 364.
Rotating Globe of Oil, 215.
Rotation of Earth, 49.
Rotation of Earth, Illustration of, 53.
Rotation of Jupiter, 215.
” ” Mars, 192.
” ” Sun, 39.
Rowton Meteorite, 313.
Royal Canal Fly-boats, 52.
Royal Institution, 53.
S.
St. Paul’s Cathedral on the Moon, 103.
Sandwich Isles, Crater in the, 112.
Satellites, 195.
” of Jupiter, 218.
” ” Mars, 194.
” ” Saturn, 229.
Satellites of Uranus, Revolution of, 243.
Saturday, 135.
Saturn, 222.
” and Earth, 223.
Saturn’s Bands and Clouds, 224.
” Brightness, 223.
Saturn’s Diameter and Distance, 391.
Saturn’s Internal Heat, 224.
” Period, 391.
” Rings, 224.
” Rotation, 391.
” Satellites, 229.
Saturn’s Satellites, Distances and Periods of, 392.
Saturn’s Time of Revolution, 212.
Scale of Universe, 319.
Search for Small Planets, 205.
Seas on Mars, 193.
” ” the Moon, 108.
Seasons, Changes of the, 66.
Seasons, Changes of the Sun with the, 57.
Seen and Unseen Universe, 377.
Shadow of Globe, 170.
Shape and Size of the Sun, 29.
Shooting Stars and Comets, 255.
Shooting Stars, What becomes of them, 290.
Sidus, Georgium, 240.
Sirius, 318.
” How to find, 389.
Sirius, Position of, on Map of Universe, 319.
Size of Celestial Library, 373.
” Minor Planets, 207.
” Moon, 79, 101.
” the Sun, 29.
Sizes, Comparative, of Planets, 139.
Sizes, Comparative, of Earth and Sun, 31.
Smith, Mr. John, his Address, 330.
Smoke Rings, 357.
Snow on Mountain Tops, 9.
Snowball, 294.
Sodium, 350.
Solar Gravitation, 132.
” Prominences, 44.
Solar System and Nebula compared, 367.
Solar System, Drawing of the, 135.
Spectroscope, 352.
Speculum Grinding, 235.
” Metal, 235.
Speed of Planets, 138.
Splendor of Venus, 151.
Spots on the Sun, 33.
Square of Pegasus, 384.
Star eclipsed or occulted by Moon, 126.