Chapter 3

Rubinstein's Playing, _George William Bagby_ 332

RYAN, ABRAM JOSEPH, (FATHER RYAN) 392

Sage Conversation, A, _A. B. Longstreet_ 182

Salzburger Settlement in Georgia, 1734, _C. C. Jones, Jr._ 376

Sang-Digger,[2] The, _Amélie Rives_ 432

Savannah in 1735 378

Scenery at Harper's Ferry and at the Natural Bridge, _Thomas Jefferson_ 95

Selecting the Site of Richmond and of Petersburg, 1733, _William Byrd_ 58

Seminole War 313

Sergeant Jasper at Fort Moultrie, 1776, _David Ramsay_ 106

Sergeant Jasper at Savannah, 1779 107

Sidney Lanier, To, _Waitman Barbe_ 442

Siege of Fort Moultrie, _David Ramsay_ 106

SIMMS, WILLIAM GILMORE 252

Sketch in the Senate, February 5, 1850, _A. H. Stephens_ 298

Slavery, Remark on, _Patrick Henry_ 84

Slave, Master and 413

SMITH, CHARLES HENRY (BILL ARP) 326

SMITH, JOHN 33

Smith, John, Writings of 35

Song of the Chattahoochee, _Sidney Lanier_ 396

Sonnet: Dedication, _R. B. Wilson_ 407

Song: We Break the Glass, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233

Sonnet: Life ever seems, _Henry Timrod_ 344

Sonnet: October, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349

Sonnet: Poet's Vision, _William Gilmore Simms_ 255

South Before the War, The, _Henry W. Grady_ 413

Southern Literary Messenger 277, 317, 332

Southern "Mammy" and the Children 363

Speaking of Clay in the Senate, 1850, The 298

Spelling and Grammar (Prologue to Autobiography), _David Crockett_ 173

Spirit and Wood-Sparrow, The, _Danske Dandridge_ 430

Sports of a Kentucky School in 1795, _James Lane Allen_ 399

Spotswood, Ex-Gov., and his Home in 1732 58

Star-Spangled Banner, _Francis Scott Key_ 151

State Sovereignty and Liberty, _Robert Y. Hayne_ 185

STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON 296

Stonewall Jackson's Last Words 324

Storm Off the Bermudas, _Wm. Strachey_ 45

STRACHEY, WILLIAM 45

Sugar-Cane: Introduction into the United States 236

Sumpter and Marion, _David Ramsay_ 107

"Swamp-Fox," The 262

System of Our Government, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

Tanis, _Amélie Rives_ 432

Tar-Baby, The, _Joel Chandler Harris_ 403

TERHUNE, MRS. MARY VIRGINIA (MARION HARLAND) 379

Texas Prairie and Cow-Boy's Song 339

The Land Where We Were Dreaming, _D. B. Lucas_ 388

The Spirit and the Wood-Sparrow, _Danske Dandridge_ 430

The South Before the War, _Henry W. Grady_ 413

THOMPSON, JOHN REUBEN 317

Tide Rising in the Marshes, _Sidney Lanier_ 397

TIERNAN, MRS. FRANCES C. (CHRISTIAN REID) 407

TIMROD, HENRY 341

To Be Right Above All, _Henry Clay_ 148

To Cadiz from Havanna, 1855, _Madame Le Vert_ 289

To Helen, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279

Tohopeka, Battle of 302

TOOMBS, ROBERT 284

To the Mocking-Bird, _Albert Pike_ 365

Tree of the Dead, _C. E. A. Gayarré_ 240

Trip to Kentucky at Seven Years of Age, _Jefferson Davis_ 271

True Courage, _A. H. Stephens_ 301

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE 113

TUCKER, GEORGE 140

TUCKER, NATHANIEL BEVERLEY 167

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE H. 329

Tuscarora Indians and Their Legend of a Christ, _William Byrd_ 65

Under the Shade of the Trees, _Margaret J. Preston_ 324

Union and Liberty, _George Washington_ 77

University of Virginia, Establishment of, _George Tucker_ 143

VANCE, ZEBULON BAIRD 358

Victory at Yorktown, 1781, _James Barren Hope_ 371

Virginia Dare, _F. L. Hawks_ 226

Virginian or American? _Patrick Henry_ 84

Virginians in a New Country, _Joseph G. Baldwin_ 294

Visit to Ex-Governor Spotswood, 1732, _William Byrd_ 58

Visit to the Hermitage 271

War and Peace, _John C. Calhoun_ 164

WASHINGTON, GEORGE 71

Washington and the Hatchet 126

Washington's Advice to His Nephew, _George Washington_ 76

Washington, Character of, _James Madison_ 112

Washington's Farewell to the American People, 1796, _George Washington_ 77

Washington and Lee, _James Barren Hope_ 372

Washington's Mother When a Girl 381

Washington's Mother at the Peace Ball 381

Washington's Speech in Congress on his Appointment as Commander-in-Chief, 1775, _George Washington_ 74

Washington, Memorial Address in Congress, 1800, by Henry Lee, 124

Weatherford, or Red Eagle 302

We Break the Glass,--Song, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233

WEEMS, MASON LOCKE 126

What is Music? _Sidney Lanier_ 397

Whippoorwill, The, _Madison Cawein_ 443

WILDE, RICHARD HENRY 178

WILSON, MRS. AUGUSTA EVANS 383

WILSON, ROBERT BURNS 405

WIRT, WILLIAM 131

Wise Choice, _John C. Calhoun_ 166

Woman's Duty, _Louisa S. M'Cord_ 292

FOOTNOTE:

[2] Ginseng-Digger.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE Captain John Smith 34

Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas 36

Jamestown, Va. The first permanent English settlement in America 39

Storm at Sea 44

Sir Walter Raleigh 50

Westover, the Home of William Byrd 55

Evelyn Byrd 57

The Chapel, University of Georgia, Athens 62

The Tower of London 69

George Washington 72

Washington Taking the Oath of Office 75

Old St. John's Church, Richmond, Va. 83

Fort Moultrie, S. C. Fort Sumter in the Distance 88

Monticello, the Home of Jefferson 92

Harper's Ferry 96

Jasper Replacing the Flag 104

William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. 114

University of Virginia 141

Henry Clay 146

Star-Spangled Banner and Seal of the United States 152

Scene in Louisiana 154

John Caldwell Calhoun and His Home 163

The Alamo, San Antonio, Texas 174

University of North Carolina 188

Old Plantation Home 200

State House, Columbia, S. C. Oppo. 211

Tulane University, New Orleans 234

Florida State Agricultural College 244

"Woodlands," the Home of W. Gilmore Simms 253

General R. E. Lee Oppo. 265

Washington and Lee University 267

Beauvoir, the Home of Jefferson Davis 273

Robert Toombs 285

University of Alabama 299

University of Kentucky 307

Osceola 312

Natural Bridge, Virginia 325

University of Mississippi 337

University of Texas (Main Building), Austin 347

State Capitol of North Carolina 359

Tomb of Mary, the Mother of Washington, Fredericksburg, Va. 380

General T. J. Jackson (Stonewall) Oppo. 388

Arkansas Industrial University 402

Mt. Mitchell, N. C. Above the Clouds 408

Grady Monument, Atlanta, Ga. 414

Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi 420

University of Tennessee, Knoxville 424

Model School, Peabody Normal College 433

Mississippi Industrial Institute and College for Girls Oppo. 446

Southern Literature.

FIRST PERIOD ... 1579-1750.

JOHN SMITH.

~1579=1631.~

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, the first writer of Virginia, was born at Willoughby, England, and led a life of rare and extensive adventure. "Lamenting and repenting," he says, "to have seen so many Christians slaughter one another," in France and the Lowlands, he enlisted in the wars against the Turks. He was captured by them and held prisoner for a year, but escaped and travelled all over Europe. He finally joined the expedition to colonize Virginia, and came over with the first settlers of Jamestown in 1607. His life here is well known; he remained with the colony two years. He afterwards returned to America as Admiral of New England, but did not stay long. He spent the remainder of his life in writing accounts of himself and his travels, and of the colonies in America.

WORKS.

True Relation (1608). Map of Virginia (1612). Description of New England (1616). New England's Trials (1620). Accidence for Young Seamen (1626). Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624). True Travels (1630). Advertisements for Inexperienced Planters of New England (1631).

Captain Smith's style is honest and hearty in tone, picturesque, often amusing, never tiresome. It is involved and ungrammatical at times, but not obscure. The critics have professed to find many inaccuracies of historical statement; but the following, from Professor Edward Arber, the editor of the English Reprint of Smith's Works, will acquit him of this charge:

"Inasmuch as the accuracy of some of Captain Smith's statements has, in this generation, been called in question, it was but our duty to subject every one of the nearly forty thousand lines of this book to a most searching criticism; scanning every assertion of fact most keenly, and making the Text, by the insertion of a multitude of cross-references, prove or disprove itself.

"The result is perfectly satisfactory. Allowing for a popular style of expression, the Text is homogeneous; and the nine books comprising it, though written under very diverse circumstances, and at intervals over the period of twenty-two years (1608-1630), contain no material contradictions. Inasmuch, therefore, as wherever we _can_ check Smith, we find him both modest and accurate, we are led to think him so, where no such check is possible, as at Nalbrits in the autumn of 1603, and on the Chickahominy in the winter of 1607-'8." See Life, by _Simms_, by _Warner_, and by _Eggleston_ in "Pocahontas."

RESCUE OF CAPTAIN SMITH BY POCAHONTAS, OR MATOAKA.

(_From Generall Historie._)

[This extract from his "Generall Historie" is in the words of a report by "eight gentlemen of the Jamestown Colony." It is corroborated by Captain Smith's letter to the Queen on the occasion of Pocahontas' visit to England after her marriage to Mr. John Rolfe. Matoaka, or Matoax, was her real name in her tribe, but it was considered unlucky to tell it to the English strangers.]

At last they brought him [Smith] to _Meronocomoco_, where was _Powhatan_ their Emperor. Here more than two hundred of those grim Courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had beene a monster; till _Powhatan_ and his trayne had put themselues in their greatest braveries. Before a fire vpon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered with a great robe, made of _Rarowcun_ skinnes, and all the tayles hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 yeares; and along on each side the house, two rowes of men, and behind them as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red; many of their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds; but every one with something; and a great chayne of white beads about their necks.

At his entrance before the King, all the people gaue a great shout. The Queene of _Appamatuck_ was appointed to bring him water to wash his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a Towell to dry them; having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before _Powhatan_; then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines, _Pocahontas_, the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne vpon his to saue him from death: whereat the Emperour was contented he should liue to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper; for they thought him as well of all occupations as themselues. For the King himselfe will make his owne robes, shooes, bowes, arrowes, pots; plant, hunt, or doe anything so well as the rest.

_They say he bore a pleasant shew, But sure his heart was sad. For who can pleasant be, and rest, That liues in feare and dread: And having life suspected, doth It still suspected lead._

Two dayes after, _Powhatan_ having disguised himselfe in the most fearefullest manner he could, caused Captain _Smith_ to be brought forth to a great house in the woods, and there vpon a mat by the fire to be left alone. Not long after from behinde a mat that divided the house, was made the most dolefullest noyse he ever heard; then _Powhatan_, more like a devill than a man, with some two hundred more as blacke as himselfe, came vnto him and told him now they were friends, and presently he should goe to _James_ towne, to send him two great gunnes, and a gryndstone, for which he would giue him the Country of _Capahowosick_, and for ever esteeme him as his sonne _Nantaquoud_.

So to _James_ towne with 12 guides _Powhatan_ sent him. That night, they quartered in the woods, he still expecting (as he had done all this long time of his imprisonment) every houre to be put to one death or other; for all their feasting. But almightie God (by his divine providence) had mollified the hearts of those sterne _Barbarians_ with compassion. The next morning betimes they came to the Fort, where _Smith_ having vsed the Salvages with what kindnesse he could, he shewed _Rawhunt_, _Powhatan's_ trusty servant, two demi-Culverings and a millstone to carry _Powhatan_; they found them somewhat too heavie: but when they did see him discharge them, being loaded with stones, among the boughs of a great tree loaded with Isickles, the yce and branches came so tumbling downe, that the poore Salvages ran away halfe dead with feare. But at last we regained some conference with them, and gaue them such toyes: and sent to _Powhatan_, his women, and children such presents, as gaue them in generall full content.

OUR RIGHT TO THOSE COUNTRIES, TRUE REASONS FOR PLANTATIONS, RARE EXAMPLES.

(_From Advertisements for the Inexperienced._)

Many good religious devout men have made it a great question, as a matter in conscience, by what warrant they might goe to possesse those Countries, which are none of theirs, but the poore Salvages.

Which poore curiosity will answer it selfe; for God did make the world to be inhabited with mankind, and to have his name knowne to all Nations, and from generation to generation: as the people increased, they dispersed themselves into such Countries as they found most convenient. And here in _Florida_, _Virginia_, _New-England_, and _Cannada_, is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure [_cultivate_], and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and culturate. And shall we here keepe such a coyle for land, and at such great rents and rates, when there is so much of the world uninhabited, and as much more in other places, and as good or rather better than any wee possesse, were it manured and used accordingly?

If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a copper knife and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they will sell you a whole Countrey [_district_]; and for a small matter, their houses and the ground they dwell upon; but those of the _Massachusets_ have resigned theirs freely.

Now the reasons for plantations are many. _Adam_ and _Eve_ did first begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity; but not without labour, trouble, and industry. Noah and his family began againe the second plantation, and their seed as it still increased, hath still planted new Countries, and one Country another, and so the world to that estate it is; but not without much hazard, travell, mortalities, discontents, and many disasters; had those worthy Fathers and their memorable offspring not beene more diligent for us now in those ages, than wee are to plant that yet unplanted for after-livers: Had the seed of _Abraham_, our Saviour Christ Jesus and his Apostles, exposed themselves to no more dangers to plant the Gospell wee so much professe, than we; even we our selves had at this moment beene as Salvages, and as miserable as the most barbarous Salvage, yet uncivilized.

The _Hebrewes_, the _Lacedemonians_, the _Goths_, _Grecians_, _Romans_, and the rest; what was it they would not undertake to enlarge their Territories, inrich their subjects, and resist their enemies? Those that were the founders of those great Monarchies and their vertues, were no silvered idle golden Pharisees, but industrious honest hearted Publicans; they regarded more provisions and necessaries for their people, than jewels, ease, and delight for themselves; riches was their servants, not their masters; they ruled as fathers, not as tyrants; their people as children, not as slaves; there was no disaster could discourage them; and let none thinke they incountered not with all manner of incumbrances; and what hath ever beene the worke of the best great Princes of the world, but planting of Countries, and civilizing barbarous and inhumane Nations to civility and humanity; whose eternall actions fils our histories with more honour than those that have wasted and consumed them by warres.

Lastly, the _Portugals_ and _Spaniards_ that first began plantations in this unknowne world of _America_ till within this 140. yeares [1476-1616], whose everlasting actions before our eyes, will testifie our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterity, and neglect of our duty and religion we owe our God, our King, and Countrey, and want of charity to those poore Salvages, whose Countries we challenge, use and possesse: except wee be but made to marre what our forefathers made; or but only tell what they did; or esteeme our selves too good to take the like paines where there is so much reason, liberty, and action offers it selfe. Having as much power and meanes as others, why should English men despaire, and not doe as much as any? Was it vertue in those Hero[e]s to provide that [which] doth maintaine us, and basenesse in us to do the like for others to come? Surely no: then seeing wee are not borne for ourselves but each to helpe other; and our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and the minute of our death: seeing our good deeds or bad, by faith in Christs merits, is all wee have to carry our soules to heaven or hell: Seeing honour is our lives ambition, and our ambition after death to have an honourable memory of our life; and seeing by no meanes we would be abated of the dignitie and glory of our predecessors, let us imitate their vertues to be worthily their successors; or at least not hinder, if not further, them that would and doe their utmost and best endeavour.

ASCENT OF THE JAMES RIVER, 1607.

(_From Newes from Virginia._)

The two and twenty day of Aprill [_or rather May, 1607_], Captain _Newport_ and myself with diuers others, to the number of twenty two persons, set forward to discouer the Riuer, some fiftie or sixtie miles, finding it in some places broader, and in some narrower, the Countrie (for the moste part) on each side plaine high ground, with many freshe Springes, the people in all places kindely intreating vs, daunsing, and feasting vs with strawberries, Mulberies, Bread, Fish, and other their Countrie prouisions whereof we had plenty; for which Captaine _Newport_ kindely requited their least fauors with Bels, Pinnes, Needles, beades, or Glasses, which so contented them that his liberallitie made them follow vs from place to place, and euer kindely to respect vs. In the midway staying to refresh our selues in a little Ile foure or five sauages came vnto vs which described vnto vs the course of the Riuer, and after in our iourney, they often met vs, trading with vs for such prouision as wee had, and arriuing at _Arsatecke_, hee whom we supposed to bee the chiefe King of all the rest, moste kindely entertained vs, giuing vs in a guide to go with vs vp the Riuer to _Powhatan_, of which place their great Emperor taketh his name, where he that they honored for King vsed vs kindely.