CHAPTER XIII

THE RELATIONS OF RACES IN SOUTH AMERICA

Importance of the Aboriginal Element in Spanish-American Countries 454

How the Native Tribes came to Survive 455

Probable Present Numbers of the Indian Population 458

The Indians in Peru and Bolivia 460

Present State of these Indians, Social and Religious 460

Ulloa's Report on their Condition in the Eighteenth Century 463

Universal Illiteracy of the Indians: Their Civil and Political Status 465

Relations of Indians and Whites: No "Colour Line" in Latin America 470

How the Presence of the Aborigines has affected the Whites 475

The Negroes in Brazil 479

Three General Conclusions regarding the Native Indians of South America 480

It is not certain that they have injured the White Race by Intermixture 481

Demoralization of the Peruvian Indians by the Spanish Conquest, and Subsequent Oppression 481

Racial Repugnance not a Universal Phenomenon in the Relations of Peoples of Different Colour 482