CHAPTER VIII

GUERILLA WARFARE

With the ceremony of the formal annexation of the Transvaal, under title of the Transvaal Colony, which took place at Pretoria on the 25th of October, a recrudescence of hostility on the part of the enemy became apparent. A violent attack was made on Jacobsdaal (near Kimberley), the Boers having succeeded in secreting themselves in the houses surrounding the British camp, and this through the treachery of the women whom we were protecting! The attack was repulsed after some hours of hard fighting by the energy of the garrison (composed mainly of Cape Town Highlanders), and by the dash of Finlayson in charge of the Cape Mounted Police who came to the rescue, routed the Boers, and killed Bosman their Commandant. Fourteen of the garrison were slain and thirteen wounded, and the sole punishment which could be meted out to the dastardly inhabitants who had been "accessories" of the assault was the burning of their houses. In three of these were found large stores of soft-nosed bullets.

General Paget, who was becoming quite a master in the cunning of the guerillas, made himself notable for defeating a huge gang of Dutchmen with a convoy, taking--together with twenty-six prisoners--some 25,000 head of cattle--"the biggest haul of the campaign." The Boers had been driven out of the region of Bethlehem, which was occupied by Colonel Oakes with the Worcesters, 62nd Middlesex Yeomanry, and two guns of the 79th Battery. The marauders were further routed from a valuable well some miles off by Colonel Golightly, Imperial Yeomanry, with Hants and Gloucester companies, and two companies of Grenadier Guards, and half a battalion of Scots Guards. During the operations young Lord G. R. Grosvenor (Scots Guards) while gallantly leading his company, was wounded in the thigh. Meanwhile Lord Methuen, with General Douglas and Lord Erroll, by a skilfully combined movement, dislodged and dispersed the enemy from his settling-place near Zeerust, and possessed himself of more cattle and more prisoners. General Barton, too, with Scots and Welsh Fusiliers, did smart work near Frederickstad, at close quarters and at bayonets' point; but in the brush with De Wet lost thirteen killed and forty-five wounded. The Boers suffered correspondingly, and twenty-six of them were captured. Of the Scots Fusiliers Captain Baillie fell, while Lieutenant Elliott was dangerously wounded. Captain Dick's injuries were also severe, and Lieutenant Bruce was slightly wounded. Among the Welsh Fusiliers' officers wounded were Captain Delmé Radcliffe and Lieutenants Best and Nangle.

The plucky little garrison of Phillipolis, which for some days had been withstanding the assault of the Boers, were relieved on the 24th, by the Imperial Yeomanry acting in conjunction with two other columns, and two days later, General Kitchener attacked by night the Boers around Krugerspoort, and captured their laager. General French, ever active, swept his way from Bethel to Heidelberg, fighting continuously, and gathering up prisoners and stores; while General C. Knox on the 27th harassed De Wet's force in its retreat from Barton's stalwart Fusiliers, and succeeded in depriving the Dutchmen of two guns and three waggons, while U Battery R.H.A. blew up another ammunition waggon by a shell. The engagement was another feather in the cap of De Lisle, whose handling of the troops was excellent. Of the two guns taken from De Wet one was a Krupp. It was captured by the New South Wales Mounted Infantry. The other belonged to U Battery, and was captured by Le Gallais's mounted troops, assisted, much to the satisfaction of the officers and men, by U Battery. General Hunter engaged in operations for the purpose of driving the Boers from the line near Ventersburg, where they had been intent on mischief for some time, and in the fighting on the 30th a gallant officer of Artillery, Major Hanwell, commanding the 39th Battery, received such serious injuries that he succumbed. A company of the 3rd Battalion of the Buffs became hotly engaged, and behaved "with conspicuous steadiness," while the Surrey Regiment, charging grandly, sent the Boers scudding into space.

To those at home who ignore the truth of the German's dictum that "invading armies melt away like snow," it was a matter of wonder what became of the enormous force of some 200,000 men which was reported to be in South Africa, and how it happened that, with so many troops engaged, the proportionately small number of Boers attacking them achieved any success whatever. A glance at the map of the main railway routes will serve to show the melting-away process. At every bridge and at every culvert were camps; at every village and at every town were posted portions of the army. From Cape Town to Komati, from Durban to Potchefstroom, from De Aar to Mafeking, from Mafeking to Pretoria, and from Mafeking to Rhodesia the British forces were distributed, and far from wondering why the regiments thus trickling along the country failed to annihilate the Boers, those who knew were inclined to marvel that there were any regiments to spare for giving chase to the marauders in their desultory schemes of annoyance. The British duty of sticking fast was infinitely more arduous than the Boer one of slipping away.

On the 28th a Boer commando captured near Kroonstad an outpost of ninety volunteers, and proceeded to loot a mail train, but later General Paget at Magato Pass drove the enemy from two positions. Night expeditions to surprise the Dutchmen were engaged in by Lord Kitchener and General Smith-Dorrien, the former near Lydenburg attacking two Boer laagers, one under Schalk Burger, and driving the Dutchmen north, the latter moving towards Witkop and surrounding the enemy, but failing to do the damage intended owing to inclement weather. A more awful night than that of the 1st of November the unhappy troops could scarcely recollect, but as the two small columns, one under General Smith-Dorrien and the other under Colonel Spens (Shropshire Light Infantry), were operating in support of each other and some miles apart, neither could turn back. Only after surrounding and surprising the Boers at daybreak were they able to retire, and no sooner was the retirement commenced than the Boers boldly dashed after them, one of their number being slain within fifty yards of the Gordons. Our losses were Captain Chalmers, Canadian Mounted Rifles, killed, and Major Saunders, of the same corps, wounded. Captain Gardyne of the Gordons sustained slight injuries.

The circumstances attending the death of Captain Chalmers were most pathetic. Major Saunders, in the thick of a blizzard of fire, was riding back with a sergeant who had lost his horse, and to whose rescue he had bravely galloped. At this moment the Major's horse, which was cumbered with the two riders, was killed, and the Major himself wounded. To his assistance rushed Chalmers, who, though begged to save himself, refused, and promptly fell a sacrifice to his own gallantry.

Such deeds of heroism were occurring daily. Though at home public interest in the war began to wane, and certain notoriety hunters endeavoured to hint that the British troops were not as smart as they might be, the gallant men at the front fought and toiled and suffered nobly. Besides actual warfare, pillage and the wrecking and burning of trains formed part of the normal programme, and daily deeds of devotion and courage were enacted. But these deeds, as a rule, found none to record them, and only now and then some special instance of heroism was wafted home on the wires. In one case the _Pall Mall Gazette_ gave publicity to a story that makes one glory in the name of Briton. About this time a train to the south of Standerton, on the Natal line, was "stuck up" and fired upon. The driver and stoker were both wounded, the former being hit eight times and having both his arms smashed. Nothing daunted, however, he butted the lever of his engine with his head, and drove it full speed into Standerton, working the lever the whole way with his head alone!

The Boers, some said, were growing disheartened for want of food and ammunition, but others found that as the want grew stronger they became emboldened. Success of any serious kind was impossible, but their capacity for annoyance was considerable, and Boer marauding bands continued to raid the neighbourhoods of Cradock, Aliwal North, Ladybrand, causing alarm to the British farmers and also to those Boer ones who were pacifically inclined. The hopes of the guerillas were mainly stayed by the inventive fertility of Mr. Steyn, who stimulated them to the struggle by false accounts of their successes. He assured them also that 5000 Dutchmen had risen in Cape Colony, and that Mr. Kruger had gone to Europe to obtain intervention, and, failing it, meant to sell the Transvaal to the highest bidder. This the sturdy fellows believed, and continued to fight on, not with the valour of despair, but the persistence of anticipation.

* * * * *

Meanwhile at home, on the 25th of September, Parliament had been dissolved, and a general election had taken place, with the result that Lord Salisbury's Government triumphantly returned to power. Thus the hopes of the Boers--that with a Radical Government might come a repetition of the climb-down policy of '81--were defeated. To vent his disgust, and as a sequel to his letter of a year ago,[15] the correspondent signing himself P. S. sent another highly educational letter to the London journals, a letter which is quoted to serve, as did the former one, to allay the doubt of any who may have questioned the original aggressiveness of the Boers, or doubted the justice of the war sentiment among the British:--

"SIR,--I beg you to give expression to the immense surprise and satisfaction with which my colleagues on the Continent and myself have learnt the results of the election. We fully expected that in consequence of British intoxication with the partial success your Government has achieved in North and South Africa, that the Anti-Boer Party would have obtained a majority of at least two hundred and twenty votes in the new Parliament. Now we know that there will be a strong Opposition of about two hundred and seventy members in the new House, our hopes of the future independence of South Africa have risen high. We are sorry for the loss of some old friends, but we rejoice in having some new and more discreet allies in the House of Commons. Not only that, but we see also good grounds for hope for vengeance. In China, India, and Morocco trouble is brewing, and will overtake you before you can reorganise your little military forces or form a decent army to protect your own land from the invasion of the trained millions of the Continental Powers. Soon there will be such a conflagration in Europe that all your energies will be needed to try to defend your own island, but you will be too late in your preparations, and then our chance will come.

"You seek to settle matters quickly in Africa by your leniency and conceding the use of the Dutch language to us. See 'British Leniency,' in _Morning Post_, Saturday 13th inst. But I tell you that your leniency in general and your kindness to our men, now prisoners in your hands, are regarded by us only as bribes, offered to us to be faithless to our land and our independence. We will accept your bribes, but we will not be seduced by them to accept your friendship and to cease from working for our independence and the downfall of your Empire. But as my Continental colleagues truly say, your destruction at an early date is assured. The present election shows that at the first sign of invasion fully one-third of the population of the island of Great Britain will rise against the Government and welcome the invaders, as their forefathers would have done in the days of the first Napoleon.

"We have not studied the domestic history of the English people and the present feelings of the great working class for nothing. We are not so blind as your statesmen. Moreover, we can pay for the services that we shall receive from our friends. Thanks to our previous arrangements we shall still be able to obtain in Europe the sinews of war from our inexhaustible gold mines in the Transvaal, and we know that European politicians as well as the European press can always be bought at a moderate price, and that they will faithfully render good service therefor.--Yours, &c.

"P. S."

In this frank epistle we were given the programme of future guerilla warfare, of Boer hopes, and Boer ambition. Whether the European politicians and press would continue to be purchasable at "a moderate price" remained to be seen, but this honest avowal revealed the secret of Pro-Boerism in its nakedness, and served to account most appositely for many curious and unjustifiable assertions which have been made regarding British actions in the course of the war. While Boer gold existed, Europe and even Great Britain would find Judases ready to do business.

The Dutchmen, their political prospects in Great Britain blighted, now hung all their expectations on the chance that in America the Presidential election of 6th of November would bring about a change in their favour. Mr. M'Kinley, the President, in a private interview with the Boer delegates on the 2nd of May, had informed them of his intention to persist in a policy of impartial neutrality between Great Britain and the Boer Republics, and from that moment they looked to the Opposition--to Mr. Bryan and Democrat sympathisers--for the intervention that they still eagerly sought. But in America they met with even less luck than in England. The election resulted in an overwhelming victory for the Republicans. Mr. M'Kinley secured 292 electoral votes, while Mr. Bryan had to content himself with 155.

In France the Boer cause met with sympathy, and the late President of the Transvaal on arrival there was fêted. He was the lion of the moment--but political activity went no further than lionising. In Holland the gentle young Queen extended hospitality to a distinguished fellow-countryman; in Germany a straightforward line was taken, the Emperor refused an interview which might mar the hue of his neutrality; while in Russia the Tzar, though seriously ill, maintained his determination not to be lured into the imbroglio. But of these matters the burghers in the Transvaal were kept in ignorance, and they doggedly fought on--wearing themselves out and losing and taking life for a now hopeless cause.

On the 3rd of November Koffyfontein, which had been besieged since the 24th of October, was relieved by Sir Charles Parsons and some of General Settle's Mounted troops. The dogged way in which a garrison of but fifty miners under a volunteer officer, Captain Robertson of the Kimberley Light Horse, withstood the persistence of the foe, excited the admiration of friends and enemies. The miners in the débris heaps contrived so cleverly to render their position impregnable that all the efforts of the enemy were frustrated. Captain Robertson escaped with his life by a miracle. He, with four natives, made a midnight raid on a Boer hot-bed--a farmhouse a mile and a half from the village. He was met by a man with a Mauser, who fortunately missed him, but in so doing extinguished the light. A hand-to-hand encounter followed, and in complete darkness some thrilling moments were passed--the officer firing ineffectual shots, the Boer being assisted by another of his tribe, who succeeded in disarming Captain Robertson and wounding him, almost stunning him with the butt of a rifle. This gallant officer, with some of his wits still about him, regained his pistol, and transferring it from one hand to the other, shot his assailant dead!

While all this was going forward, Steyn and De Wet became more actively aggressive, and consequently Colonel Le Gallais's force was sent from Honing Spruit, while De Lisle, with the Colonial Division, marched from Koppies, the first station north of Rhenoster, for the purpose of executing a wide turning movement, and if possible cutting off the retreat of De Wet across the Vaal. Le Gallais, after some disappointments and heavy marching, got at last on the track of the fugitive in the region of Bothaville. Early on the 6th the chase was continued with considerable animation, the 5th Mounted Infantry leading, followed by the 8th Corps under Colonel Ross. Three guns of U Battery, under escort of the 5th, 17th, and 18th Companies of Imperial Yeomanry, moved with the force, while one gun of U Battery, with the 7th Mounted Infantry under Major Welsh, remained to protect the baggage in crossing the drifts. Major Lean, with some sixty of the 5th Mounted Infantry in advance, came to a rise, whence suddenly they viewed the enemy's laager. Quickly they surprised the Boers with some volleys, and caused a stampede. Hot-foot flew De Wet and Steyn to their Cape cart, mounted it, and were off. The rest flung themselves into their stirrups. It was a case of _sauve qui peut_, for everything, guns, waggons, and ammunition, were left behind. But soon the Dutchmen found a harbour--a strong position in the neighbourhood of a farmhouse, and from the adjacent dams, a stone-walled enclosure, and even a pigsty, they began to return the fire of the British party. By this time Colonels Le Gallais and Ross had galloped to the fray, and dismounting, took up a position in a farmhouse, whence they could survey the proceedings. This central position was held by some men of the Oxford Light Infantry, while on their right were some Buffs and Royal Irish Mounted Infantry under gallant Engelbach, who was slain, and beyond them came Captain Holland and some Worcester Mounted Infantry, skirted by the Royal Irish under Captain Brush. To left of the farmhouse, near a Kaffir kraal, were the 8th Mounted Infantry and some men of the Oxford Light Infantry under Captain Maurice. Later on, as the Boers were seen to be making an effort to wheel round both flanks, Major Welsh was ordered to place his baggage in safety and to push forwards to the rescue with every available man. Meanwhile the situation was growing more and more serious, as the Boers had got the range of the farmhouse to a nicety, and fired through doors and windows, so that within it now dropped Le Gallais, and Ross, and young Lieutenant Percy-Smith, and several men. Lieutenant Williams fell dead at once, and Captain Colvile had been hit while leading the Oxford Light Infantry earlier in the day. Nevertheless the splendid party holding the front clung tenaciously to their position, though one after another dropped, and groaning and dying littered the ground, already too thinly defended against the 200 active Mausers of the foe. For four long hours of the morning the battle pursued its course, Major Taylor, with U Battery, paying with interest the debts incurred at Koorn Spruit. Gradually--both flanks becoming stronger with the arrival of Major Welsh and his party--an adequate defence against the encroachments of the Boers was attempted, and their attempts at flanking operations repulsed. Then with considerable skill the troops to right and left were manoeuvred by De Lisle, so that, while relieving the pressure on the front, the Boer laager was practically enclosed on three sides and finally rendered untenable. The white flag then fluttered within the Dutchman's stronghold; but it was not to be trusted now, and the Boers were shouted to to leave cover and surrender, which, sulkily, they did. During the persistent fighting Le Gallais, mortally wounded though he was, continued his inquiries as to the progress of the battle. The noble fellow's last words serve better than all else to show the heroic mould of his dauntless mind: "If I die, tell my mother that I died happy, as we got the guns!"[16] Happily he lived to know that, dearly bought as they were, we were in possession of seven guns lost by the 14th Battery at Colenso, a 12-pounder taken from Q Battery at Sanna's Post, three Krupp 75 mm., one "pom-pom," and one 37 mm. quick-firer--not to speak of stores of gun and small-arm ammunition, black powder, dynamite, and other camp supplies, and a "bag" of 100 prisoners. In addition to those already mentioned, Major Welsh, Captains Harris and Mair, and Lieutenant Peebles were wounded.

At the same time tussles innumerable were going forward in various regions. Lord Methuen, near Ottoshoop, was harassing Snyman with success, and the 3rd Royal Rifle corps near Heidelberg repulsed a party of raiders without loss. Phillipolis was occupied by Major MacIntosh (Seaforth Highlanders) with loss in wounded of several gallant Scotsmen and Surgeon Hartley of Lovat's Scouts, and in the neighbourhood of Lydenburg a party of the 19th Hussars and Manchester Mounted Infantry distinguished themselves mightily, the troopers under Captain Chetwode charging by moonlight into the midst of the enemy, who were finally routed by the artillery and mounted infantry. The redoubtable Plumer also repulsed an attack of 400 men under Delarey, and elsewhere--at Vrede, Reitz, Harrismith, Pienaar's River--parties of guerillas, driven desperate by famine, were beaten off with more or less ease. While the affair at Bothaville was demonstrating the cool courage and tenacity of our troops, General Smith-Dorrien's much-embattled braves were again displaying devoted gallantry in the country between Belfast and Komati River. The force consisted of 250 mounted men from the 5th Lancers, Canadian Dragoons, and Mounted Rifles, two guns of the Canadian Royal Horse Artillery, and four of the 84th Battery. With them were 900 of the Suffolks and Shropshires. The Boers hung upon the front, flanks, and rear of the troops from Belfast to Komati River, but here they established themselves in a species of stronghold whence they thought they could not be dislodged. Nevertheless the Suffolks and Canadian Rifles, creeping round their flank, showed them their mistake, and caused them to retire. The next day, reinforced, the Dutchmen returned and endeavoured again to seize their lost ground, but Colonel Evans, with the Canadians and two guns of the 84th Battery, had the legs of them, and after a two-mile race disappointed the nimble ones and established themselves at the goal.

But all this activity was no child's play. On the 6th the smart force lost six killed and twenty wounded, mostly gallant Shropshires, and on the following day two were killed and twelve wounded of the Royal Canadian Dragoons, whose splendid energy in keeping the enemy off the infantry and convoys was highly extolled by the general. The fighting at one time took place at extremely close quarters, for the Boers, contrary to custom, charged the rearguard to within seventy yards, and were only repulsed by the magnificent dash of the Canadian Dragoons, sixteen of whom fell into the hands of the Boers. These were afterwards released. Three plucky Canadian subalterns were among the wounded--Lieutenants Elmsley, Turner, and Cockburn. Desultory fighting went on in various directions, the Boers near Wepener, Standerton, and elsewhere maintaining persistent activity, which did credit to their tenacity if not to their common sense.

Notwithstanding the failure of the Cordua plot, the towns of Johannesburg and Pretoria continued to seethe with disaffection and intrigue. Anarchists and ruffians of all nations were known to be in league against the authorities, and a strict watch was kept over their movements, with the result that five Italians, four Greeks, and a Frenchman were arrested on the 16th of November. They had prepared a diabolical plot against the life of the Commander-in-Chief--their intention having been to explode a mine in the church to be attended by him on the 18th--a plot which was fortunately discovered before any ill consequences could arise. Minor engagements took place near Frankfort, and Dainsfontein, fine hauls of stock were made at Klersdorp and Heidelberg, near which regions were nests of marauders.

A serious disaster occurred at Dewetsdorp on the 23rd of November, when the garrison, some 400, consisting of 68th Field Battery, detachments of Gloucesters, Highland Light Infantry, and Irish Rifles, the whole under Major Massy, after losing fifteen killed and forty-two wounded, surrendered to the enemy, who numbered about 2500. The Dutchmen, under De Wet, had invested the place on the 18th, and poured a heavy fire on the position occupied by the Highlanders, creeping nightly nearer and nearer, and ceasing neither day nor night in their attack. The water supply was cut off, and the wretched men were scorched by sun and torn by raging thirst. By the 22nd their position was rendered untenable, but through the gallantry of their comrades, the men were able to retire on their main position. But the occupation of their trenches rendered the situation hopeless, and ammunitionless and waterless, surrender was inevitable.[17] A column, 1400, had been sent to the relief but failed to arrive in time. General C. Knox joined this force and entered the town, which he found evacuated, seventy-five sick and wounded being left behind. He promptly pursued the Dutchmen, and caught Steyn and De Wet and their followers near Vaalbank on the 27th, and handled them somewhat roughly, scattering them west and north-west, and capturing two waggons and stampeding 300 horses.

Engagements also took place between Plumer and some 500 malcontents near De Wagen Drift, with the result that the enemy retired in confusion. At Tiger Kloof on the 23rd, when the Scots Guards routed the foe from a strong position, the Imperial Yeomanry did excellent work. Unfortunately Lieutenant Southey, while gallantly leading his men, was shot dead, and Major Hanbury was hit in three places. Near Springs in the Transvaal, on the 25th, General Bruce Hamilton surprised a Boer laager, and on the 27th, at Bullfontein, Colonel White achieved a success, and drove the enemy across the river, mainly through the dash and gallantry of the troops under Colonel Forbes, and the skilful handling of them by the commanding officer. General Settle, a day later, occupied Luckhoff, after fighting for five hours and defeating Herzog's commando at Kloof.

General Paget, with Colonels Plumer and Hickman, with Queenslanders, New Zealanders, and Tasmanian Bushmen, York, Warwick, and Montgomery Yeomanry, some companies of West Riding and Munster Regiments, the 7th and 38th Batteries, two "pom-poms," one Colt, one Maxim, and two naval quick-firing 12-pounders, moved from the region north-east of Bronker's Spruit on the 29th with a view to giving battle to the enemy, the plan being for General Lyttelton to co-operate by sweeping up from Middelburg on the enemy's rear. The synchronal arrangements were imperfect, and the projected attacks did not proceed as intended. The enemy's lines were longer than those of the British, and General Paget's attempt to turn them was a failure, the enemy, some 2000 of them, being screened by boulders as big as houses, behind which they were completely safe. To left and right went Plumer and Hickman respectively, pushing on in a leaden blast from the hidden foe, while on Hickman's right the gallant West Ridings, led by their splendid Colonel--Colonel Lloyd--pressed to the attack.

So close they came that the voices of the Dutchmen were to be heard in conversation, but these with Mausers and four guns and friendly boulders made themselves unassailable. Over seventeen hours of fighting cost the West Riding their colonel, and the brilliant New Zealanders some thirty killed and wounded, all the officers save one being hit. The wounded officers were: Lieutenants Townsend and Oakes, Captain Acworth and Lieutenant Harman, all of West Riding Regiment; Lieutenant Challis, Royal Army Medical Corps, severely, being hit in three places while gallantly attending wounded men under a heavy fire; Captain Crawshaw and Lieutenants Montgomerie, Somerville, and Tucker, and Surgeon-Captain Godfray, all of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles. The total loss was eighteen killed and fifty-eight wounded. At night the guns of General Lyttelton came to work, and by morning the Boers had disappeared.

By this time Lord Kitchener, with the local rank of General, had assumed command of the troops in South Africa, Lord Roberts having started for England in complete confidence that his successor would accomplish the pacification of the country in due time. His work was most complicated, for besides being impoverished by the scarcity of troops (the Volunteers and Colonials having many of them left on the expiration of their year of service), the lack of horses put a perpetual stopper on the flow of military operations. Clausewitz has said that when cavalry is deficient, "La riche moisson de la victoire ne se coupe pas plus alors à la faux, mais à la faucille" (The rich harvest of victory is not cut with scythe but with the sickle.) And never was the truth of his aphorism more keenly felt than at this moment. The harvest of splendid victories that had been achieved was being reaped with the sickle, and the reaping operations were taking months, which, had mounts been available, would have taken moments!

December opened with animation. General C. Knox, near the Bethulie-Smithfield Road, on the 2nd harassed the Boers with a convoy and succeeded in capturing seven prisoners. General Paget's mounted men skirmished successfully around Lieufontein, and near Utrecht some of the garrison engaged 200 of the foe for two and a half hours and put them to flight, leaving six Dutchmen _hors de combat_.

In the Cape Colony the members of the Bond were preparing for a Congress, and sundry chameleon complexioned gentlemen indulged in speeches regarding the question of loyalty and future settlement, which were sufficiently ambiguous to have served as examples in the art of blowing hot and cold with the same mouth, but fortunately the eagle eye of Kitchener was upon them and the result of their verbosity was a careful readjustment of such forces as were at the Commander-in-Chief's disposal, to advert any general rising among those who had previously been pacified.

The Congress eventually took place at Worcester, and the freedom of speech indulged in at the meeting was said to be responsible for the aggressions of the Boers which subsequently took place. Mr. Cronwright Schreiner declared that the British people had grossly failed in their duty toward the people of Cape Colony, their attitude since the Raid being one of dishonesty and cowardice. "British statesmen," he said, "had been the tools of Capitalists. Their attitude had been to force war on South Africa. Great Britain is now forcing British soldiers to wage war with an inhumanity and barbarism that is astonishing the civilised world." He dilated on the alleged wrong done to women and children (already disproved to the satisfaction of every one), and proceeded to harrow his audience by describing details. In conclusion he stormed, "We Africanders will never acquiesce in Britain taking away the independence of the Republics." In the end it was decided that an African mission to Great Britain should demand: First, the termination of the war raging with untold misery and sorrow--such as the burning of houses and the devastation of the country, the extermination of the white nationality, and the treatment to which women and children were subjected which would leave a lasting heritage of bitterness and hatred, while endangering further relations between civilisation and barbarism in South Africa. Second, the retention by the Republics of their independence, whereby the peace of South Africa can be maintained.

Meanwhile, Great Britain was taking her own steps for the maintenance of lasting peace in South Africa. Parliament reassembled to vote a continuance of the current of men, horses, weapons, and supplies, without which the generals who were striving to bring guerilla-raiding to a summary conclusion, would remain paralysed and resourceless.

The Boers achieved something of a success on the 3rd as they came across a convoy of 140 waggons three miles long, proceeding in two sections from Pretoria to Rustenburg, and succeeded in destroying the first section (escorted by two companies of West Yorks, and two squadrons of the Victoria Mounted Rifles, with two guns of the 75th Battery). Delarey, hiding in a donga with 700 of his gang, waited till the convoy and men got within effective range, and sent a shower of bullets into their midst. The troops made a grand defence, set the guns trail to trail, and blazed back at the approaching hordes who were now endeavouring to surround them, with the result that the marauders failing to capture the convoy satisfied themselves by setting fire to the waggons and retiring, thus leaving the second section (escorted by two companies of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) unharmed. Our loss was fifteen killed and twenty-three wounded, among the latter Lieutenant Baker, R.F.A.

On the 5th De Wet made an audacious attempt upon Cape Colony, which, in spite of his marvellous acuteness and activity, proved a failure. He crossed the Caledon and moved towards Odendaal, which was held by the 1st Coldstreams. (It must here be noted that the Guards after their march to Komati Poort, and a brief rest in the Transvaal, were moved to their old hunting grounds on the Orange River, all the drifts of which they assiduously guarded.) At Commassie Bridge he was completely worsted by our troops and forced to trek to the north-east, and back over the Caledon, leaving behind him 500 horses, many Cape carts, and a long stream of dying and dead cattle. He was continually pursued and harassed by General C. Knox, who captured a Krupp gun and a waggon-load of ammunition, and kept up a running fight in the direction of Reddersburg; which was said to be one of the most exciting episodes in the whole war.

On the 8th a Boer gang near Barberton made a violent and indeed valiant lunge at the troops guarding the place. Though once repulsed by the Mounted Infantry they again returned to the attack, and succeeded in getting to very close quarters. The British lost three and had five wounded and thirteen taken prisoners. These, as too troublesome to feed, were afterwards released.

On 13th of December a grievous affair took place at Nooitgedacht on the Magaliesberg, where General Clements with his force of 500 mounted men and 400 Northumberland Fusiliers, while holding the tops of some kopjes was attacked by 2500 kharki-clad Boers under Delarey. The foe crept up without being recognised and seized vantage-points on the ridges, first overpowering the Northumberland Fusiliers (who fought for hours till ammunition was exhausted), and thereby rendering the position of the camp untenable. Under a heavy fire guns and transport were moved, and a second position one mile and a half to south-east taken, where till afternoon the troops remained. Then they retired on Rietfontein, sixty of the 12th Brigade of Mounted Infantry keeping the Boers at bay while the movement was accomplished. The fighting was very severe, and five officers and nine men were killed; eighteen officers and 555 men, most of them Northumberland Fusiliers, were missing. As the natives bolted, a considerable amount of transport was lost, though the Army Service Corps vigorously defended the waggons. A most popular officer, Colonel Legge, 20th Hussars, was hit by three bullets, but was seen to shoot five Boers with his revolver before he dropped. The other officers killed were Captain Macbean, Dublin Fusiliers; Captain Murdoch, Cameron Highlanders; and Captain Atkins, Wiltshire Regiment.

On the same day Colonel Blomfield (at this time in command of the Lancashire Brigade) achieved a great success in the neighbourhood of Vryheid. There, three days previously, the Boers had attacked and had been driven off with a loss of about 100 killed and wounded, to our six killed, nineteen wounded, and thirty missing. Unfortunately two gallant officers of the Royal Lancaster Regiment were killed, Colonel Gawne and Lieutenant Woodgate. Now the avenging Colonel swooped down on the Dutchmen at Scheepers Nek, and drove them off in confusion, securing a quantity of arms and stock, and inflicting heavy punishment. Two Naval Volunteers, whose corps behaved splendidly, were killed. Lord Methuen at the same time was helping to balance the Nooitgedacht account by attacking two Boer positions in the region of Ottoshoop, and taking unto himself fifteen ox waggons and Cape carts, 15,000 rounds of ammunition, 1460 head of cattle, and 2000 sheep. Unfortunately the roll of prisoners was small; for the art of running away is simpler than the art of holding on, and the chase ended, as chases usually ended, by the capture of a handful of prisoners and a prodigious haul of waggons and cattle.

In the Zastron district a party of the 2nd Division of Brabant's Horse--mostly raw recruits--got into difficulties on the 13th. They became detached from the main body, were caught in a defile, and 120 of them were taken prisoners. The captain in command was wounded in several places, and the Colonials lost eight killed and eighteen wounded, three of whom since died. At this time De Wet was retreating north, flying towards the Thabanchu region from the pursuit of Knox, and struggling to break through the British cordon. After delivering several ineffectual assaults on the various British positions, on the 14th, he in person led a gallant attack--charged through the British lines, and, with the loss of thirty men killed and wounded, twelve prisoners, some waggons of ammunition, a 15-pounder gun (taken at Dewetsdorp), a "pom-pom," and many horses and mules, succeeded once more in making his escape!

Parties of his dispersed force at different points had crossed the Orange River and commenced cutting railway lines, threatening communications between Cape Town and Buluwayo, their object being to possess themselves of De Aar Junction. But their movements were circumscribed. Burghersdorp, Stormberg, Rosmead, and Naauwpoort were all strongly held by the British, while the Orange River, as though vengefully, had risen at the back of the marauders and pressed them close to the British forces, hemming them round. Still, some 2000 of them on mischief bent caused considerable alarm and annoyance, holding up trains, capturing convoys, and calling on small garrisons to surrender, and fighting, till, on the approach of reinforcements, they deemed it advisable to decamp to fresh fields of diversion. Lord Kitchener promptly arrived at De Aar and adopted measures to quell the invasion and allay the apprehensions of those who found themselves at the mercy of the bandits. But the work was not to be accomplished without infinite patience, for, as one of the gay Colonials remarked, "Sport in these districts is no longer fox-hunting, but rat-catching!"

A new proclamation, dated 20th December, was issued by the Commander-in-Chief. It ran thus: "It is hereby notified to all burghers that if, after this date, they voluntarily surrender, they will be allowed to live with their families in Government laagers until such time as the guerilla warfare now being carried on will admit of their returning safely to their homes.

"All stock and property brought in at the time of surrender of such burghers will be respected and paid for if requisitioned by the military authorities."

To ensure a more speedy termination of hostilities, active steps were taken to make up for the loss of the Colonial and other troops which had returned to their homes. The recruiting of Colonial Police to the number of 10,000 was being carried forward, 800 mounted infantry and two cavalry regiments from England were under orders to leave as soon as possible, and a sixth New Zealand Contingent consisting of 200 men (one-half Maoris) was preparing to sail.

A second band of marauders had now got across by Zandsdrift, the object of the Boer leaders being to run all over Cape Colony and there gather around them as many Dutch sympathisers as they could manage to stimulate with a belief in their ultimate success, and, if possible, to get access to the sea coast. A Gazette Extraordinary was therefore issued on the 20th proclaiming martial law in twelve additional districts of Cape Colony, and warning all persons of the risks incurred by those who had previously assisted the enemy and had been released. It was subsequently arranged that owing to the state of affairs the loyal inhabitants should be called upon to form a Colonial Defence Force in order to resist the invasion, protect communications, and preserve order in the disturbed districts. The term of service named was three months. The operations in the Colony were to be conducted by Generals Little, Jones, and MacDonald.

On the 19th and 20th General Clements, in conjunction with General French, fought a continuous series of engagements with Delarey's men, and eventually drove them from the Magaliesberg region. But these took their revenge on the 29th by capturing Helvetia, on the Machadodorp-Lydenburg Railway. This position, a very strong one, was held by a detachment of the Liverpool Regiment, who were surprised by the enemy at 2.30 A.M., the Dutchmen having first "rushed" the 4.7 gun. The officer commanding the post at Swarzkopjes sent out a post, shelled away the enemy, and forced them to temporarily abandon their prize; but the Boers eventually secured the trophy by knowingly forming an ægis of British prisoners around it. Major Cotton was severely wounded, and four other officers; eleven men were killed and twenty-two wounded, and two hundred taken prisoners. It was a sorry finale for the year, yet those who could appreciate the complexities of the work of subjugation now engaging Lord Kitchener, possessed their souls in patience, and looked to 1901 for the dawn of better things.

LONDON, _December 1900_.

FOOTNOTES:

[15] See vol. i. p. 186.

[16] Colonel Philip Walter Jules Le Gallais was born on August 17, 1861. He entered the army, from the Militia, as a second lieutenant in the 8th Hussars on April 23, 1881, obtaining his lieutenancy in the following July and his troop in March 1888. He served on the staff as aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief in Bombay from July 1891 to March 1893, and was adjutant of his regiment from July 1893 to May 1896. From November 1896 until he went out to South Africa he was serving with the Egyptian Army, obtaining his majority in April 1897. He was actively engaged in the Nile Expedition in 1897 (for which he received the medal with clasp), and also in the expedition of the following year, when he took part in the cavalry reconnaissance on April 4, and the battles of the Atbara and Khartoum, obtaining mention in despatches, published in the _London Gazette_ of May 24 and September 30, and being rewarded with the brevet of lieutenant-colonel (November 16, 1898) and the 4th class of the Osmanieh and two clasps to his Egyptian medal. Colonel Le Gallais was an officer qualified as an interpreter in French. He had been on the staff of the army in South Africa as a cavalry leader, graded as an assistant adjutant-general, since April 7 last. A correspondent, writing to the _Times_, said: "His death is especially to be deplored, as he stood in the front rank of the few cavalry officers who have proved exceptional abilities during the recent war.... It is interesting to note that the three junior cavalry officers who have been given independent commands in South Africa upon merit were serving together in the last Nile campaign. These are Brigadier-General Broadwood and Colonels Le Gallais and Mahon. At Bloemfontein, where the Mounted Infantry Division was formed, Colonel Le Gallais was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General to General Ian Hamilton, and he accompanied that officer in his flank march to Pretoria and Heidelberg. After the breaking up of the Division, Colonel Le Gallais was given a detached mounted infantry command, and his force has since been operating with the many flying columns on the heels of De Wet, with the final result reported on Friday. Besides being a brilliant soldier, Colonel Le Gallais was well known as a polo player and an expert steeple-chase rider."

[17] The following were taken prisoners: Gloucestershire Regiment, Major H. R. Tufnell, Second Lieutenant A. K. Ford, Captain B. O. Fyffe, Captain A. J. Menzies, Captain W. H. Walshe, and all non-commissioned officers and men of "A," "B," and "F" Companies; 68th Battery R.F.A., Major Massy and one section; Highland Light Infantry, Second Lieutenant Alston and one Company; Army Service Corps, Second Lieutenant M'Nally; Orange River Colony Police, Lieutenant Boyle; Royal Irish Rifles, detachment, strength unknown. The total taken prisoners numbered 451 of all ranks.

AFTERWORD

JANUARY 1

Lord Kitchener, on the departure of Lord Roberts from the scene of his triumphs, had found himself confronted with a tangled skein of military affairs. The army, through loss by disease and death in the field, was a phantom of the army that was, and in consequence of the prodigious work that had been going forward, a proportionate amount of wastage and disorganisation had set in. The troops were here, there, and everywhere, just where fate had landed them after their chases of De Wet and their scurries to protect threatened posts on the lines of communication. At one point were knots of mounted men and guns in plenty, while at another there was found a mere handful of troops to maintain some important strategic position; here, remote and useless, were gathered batteries of artillery; there, where Boers threatened to pounce at any moment, a scarcely protected gun or two offered invitation to the clustering foe. In fact there had been a species of general post, and, as a natural consequence, brigades loosened from their original positions were often hovering perilously in mid-country with an uncertainty of purpose which was far from reassuring. For this reason it was but possible to act on the defensive till affairs should be righted; though Lord Kitchener's giant brain bent itself to the load, and in a comparatively short time--a little over two months--things began to get once again into working order. Reinforcements had been demanded from England, and these, together with the force of newly raised Colonials, brought the number of troops about to operate in South Africa to over 500,000 men, half of whom consisted of field artillery, cavalry, and mounted infantry. Arrangements were made on a revised principle to meet the newer form that warfare had assumed. Owing to the necessity to dot bunches of troops in every direction, the old divisional commands were broken up, and brigades, grouped under the central command of a general of division, were fixed in definite positions, each working over a special area to a point where they would overlap or get in touch with other brigades who, working again under their special divisional commander, operated in like manner within their special radius. Thus the country was divided, as in a chess-board, into squares, but still more geometrically subdivided in order that, should necessity require it, the angles forming squares could point together on emergency and form a solid concentration at any place, their action being much as that of a kaleidoscope, which at one time breaks into particles of colour, or at another groups into masses of it, at will. As may be imagined, with this possibility of diverse movement, the position of the enemy, astute and slippery as they were, was hardly enviable. For one turn of the military kaleidoscope might bring them against the hard teeth of the converging brigades, while another might find them inextricably harassed by an army in their rear.

The towns were being garrisoned and stored to act as bases of supply for mounted troops scouring the country, and supply depots were so arranged as to be within two days' journey of brigades, and thus enable these, if despoiled by the Boers, to hold on till provisions from another depot should reach them. Thus a sense of security began to prevail, while a corresponding sense of doubt and diffidence influenced the conduct of the Dutchmen. Nevertheless they continued active in their attacks on trains, convoys, and isolated posts, the nature of the attacks being invariably of the nature of a surprise. The operations, though involving great loss to the troops, and retarding the settlement of the country, produced no effect on the strategical position, and the position of the British troops in the important towns occupied by them remained impregnable. Ventersdorp, a central point of the Western Transvaal, which for some months had been in the hands of the Boers, was captured by General French, with small loss to himself. The garrisons of Jagersfontein and Fauresmith being withdrawn, the inhabitants seeking protection were removed to Edenburg. Ficksburg and Senekal were in the hands of the British, but in the northern part of the Cape Colony a commando, which was supposed to be surrounded by the British, had succeeded in slipping through the cordon and escaping into the Middelburg district. They captured a small patrol of Nesbitt's Horse, and held up a train near Sherborne. Finding the town of Middelburg was held by the British, they dispersed and turned west in the direction of Hanover and Richmond, while the main body marched south, bent on a colossal loot and the recruiting of rebels. Engagements, with slight loss on either side, took place on the 1st and 2nd of January west and south of Middelburg. Meanwhile a western commando made for Carnarvon and tore on to Fraserburgh, with De Lisle and Thorneycroft's columns thundering at their heels, losing horses in the heat of their rush, and living from hand to mouth, as it were, on the country they were harassing, but still succeeding admirably in evading the skill of their pursuers. Fortunately this rolling stone of a commando gathered little moss in the form of rebels, for though they received help in stores and supplies, and the British gained no information, the number of the enemy was little augmented by the invasion. Still, there was no knowing how much more to the south the Boers would penetrate, and how many sympathisers they would enlist, and how much damage they would do, and precautions for moral and material reasons were set on foot to frustrate their machinations.

Therefore the new year opened with a surprise for Cape Town in the form of the following call to arms:--

PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE, CAPE TOWN, _31st December 1900_.

In view of the fact that armed forces of the enemy have invaded this Colony, and that parties of them have penetrated south of Carnarvon in one direction and south of the town of Middelburg in another, and in view of the necessity for repelling such invasion as promptly as possible, the Government of this Colony has decided to call upon the loyal inhabitants, more especially of certain districts thereof mentioned in the annexed schedule, to aid the efforts which the military forces of her Majesty are making in that direction.

It is contemplated to raise a special force, to be called the Colonial Defence Force, to be utilised for the sole and exclusive purpose of repelling the present invasion, guarding railways and other lines of communication, and maintaining order and tranquillity in districts in which such measures are necessary.

Volunteers are called for to give in their names with a view to enrolment in this force to the Civil Commissioner of the division in which they reside, or to any officer specially appointed for that purpose, and whose appointment has been publicly notified.

Applicants should state:

(_a_) Whether they can ride and shoot.

(_b_) Whether they are prepared to serve as mounted men, and if so, whether they can provide their own horses, saddles, and bridles.

(_c_) Whether they are prepared to serve only in their own district or in any part of the Colony, it being clearly understood that the services of this force will not be utilised anywhere outside the boundaries of this Colony.

Persons whose services are accepted by the Government will receive pay at the rate of 5s. a day, with 2s. 6d. extra to those supplying their own horses, saddles, and bridles. Rations, forage, and arms will be provided.

Pay of officers and non-commissioned officers in proportion.

It is not expected that the term of service will be longer than three months.

The force will be under military control, but officers under the rank of Major will, as far as possible, be elected by the members of the force.

J. GORDON SPRIGG.

SCHEDULE.

_List of Districts to which this Notice is Specially Applicable._

Cape Town and Cape Division Paarl Stellenbosch Worcester Prince Albert Beaufort West Port Elizabeth Uitenhage Jansenville Aberdeen Graaf-Reinet Cradock Somerset East Bedford Fort Beaufort Albany Bathurst Victoria East Queen's Town Cathcart Stutterheim King William's Town Komgha East London Peddie

Any person resident in any other district and desirous of joining the force may send in his name to the nearest Civil Commissioner.

(Government Notice No. 8, 1901.)

PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE, CAPE TOWN, _4th January 1901_.

COLONIAL DEFENCE FORCE.

With reference to the enrolment of men of the above-mentioned force, the following orders are published for general information.

SYDNEY COWPER, _Secretary_.

I.--ARTILLERY.

An Artillery Contingent is being formed in connection with the above force of men who have already had training in Artillery Corps.

Application should be made to Kitchener Anderson, Esq., late Lieutenant, P.A.O.C.A., Artillery Quarters, Drill Hall, Darling Street.

II.--TOWN GUARD.

Enrolment will take place for

(1) Cape Town, at the Town House, Greenmarket Square, (2) Green and Sea Point, (3) Woodstock, (4) Mowbray, (5) Rondebosch,

--at the respective Municipal Offices.

(6) Claremont, (7) Newlands, (8) Kenilworth, (9) Wynberg,

--at the Office of the Resident Magistrate, Wynberg.

(10) Muizenberg and Kalk Bay, at the Municipal Office. (11) Simons Town, at the Office of the Resident Magistrate.

III.--GENERAL CONDITIONS.

The force raised will be organised in companies of 100 strong, under the orders of the Colonel Commanding Base.

The officers will be in proportion of one subaltern to every twenty-five men, and one captain to every 100. Officers will be elected by the men. N.C.O.'s will be appointed by the captains of companies. Only one-fourth of the effective strength of the corps will be called out at a time for service, except in case of emergency.

In the event of men being called out for active service, pay and allowances will be in accordance with the provisions of Government Notice No. 943, of the 31st December.

Men called out for drilling purposes only will be allowed five shillings per week, conditionally on their attending not less than two drills per week, of not less than one hour's duration each.

As far as possible all drills will be held outside of office hours.

The character, formation, and duties of the Town Guard may be judged from the following rules, which enabled every loyal citizen to come forward for the protection of hearth and home:--

(1) Employers may enrol their own men, and obtain enrolment cards from the Town House.

(2) Members of every company are empowered to elect their own officers.

(3) Employers or captains of companies will be empowered to arrange their own times for drills.

(4) Captains will be empowered to detail the rotation for duty.

(5) In case of the Commandant finding it necessary to call out the Town Guard, he will make a levy upon all companies in equal proportions, that is to say, every company will be required to furnish an equal percentage of men.

(6) Volunteers of one company will be allowed to make arrangements with another company for drill.

(7) Several employers of a small number of men may join together to form a company.

(8) The duties of the Town Guard will consist in guarding positions, picket and patrol duty usually undertaken by the regular forces now being withdrawn for service further afield. The area of service of the Town Guard will be the limit of the Municipality.

(9) No member of the Town Guard will be employed for more than twenty-four hours at a stretch.

(10) The duration of service will not exceed three months; if, as all hope will prove to be the case, the danger to the peace of the Western Province be removed earlier, the Town Guard will be disbanded before the three months have expired.

These conditions applied equally to town and suburb.

In response to the "call" came a spontaneous, remarkable, almost mad rush of recruits. No such scene of martial ardour had taken place since the outbreak of the war. The excitement was intense. The Drill Hall, where Colonels Girouard, R.E., and Southey, and Captain Chester-Master were presiding, became a pandemonium, every man anxious to know how best he could assist, either by his personal efforts or by allowing those in his employ to "sign on," and the streets, and clubs, and public conveyances literally buzzed with enthusiastic volunteers, who were itching to be "each of them doing his country's work."

It appeared that no section of the public would consent to be left out in the cold. Streaming to the banner came numbers of prominent townsmen, among them Messrs. R. M. Maxwell, Cecil Jones, L. Cloete, J. Rawbone (Somerset West), T. Bromley, Abe Bailey, G. Kilgour, C.E., A. Myburgh, E. Field, Colonel Coates, W. Duffus, and W. G. Rattray. Mr. R. Stuart Solomon was busily engaged as recruiting officer of the Defence Force, and was beset by volunteers Colonial born, who, when asked where they would like to serve--town districts or Colony--replied unanimously, "Anywhere!"

The spirit with which the Town Guard proposition was taken up was altogether without precedent, a striking demonstration of the solidarity of sentiment in the city, and within a few days the number of those eager to come forward in defence of home and district had reached 4000. As an instance of the practical zeal of the community, it may be mentioned that the Civil Service Company of the Town Guards (under Captain Callcott Stevens, who had previously seen active service with the D.E.O.V.R. in the Basuto War) was raised in the course of an afternoon! There was little martial glory to be attained in spending dreary nights on picket work or in sentry-go, therefore the enthusiasm with which these civilians threw themselves into the drudgery of battle for duty's sake was as amazing as it was honourable. Naturally the partisans of Dutch independence looked on with dumb consternation, and in the face of this ardent multitude their hopes gradually trickled away.

The force was given in charge of General Brabant, while Colonel Cooper, the Base Commandant, took control of the arrangements of the Town Guards, and put the enrolling in the hands of the Major of each municipality, thus relieving the pressure on the Drill Hall Staff. Recruiting went merrily, and soon the first drafts for the Western Province Mounted Rifles, commanded by Captain Chester-Master, were equipped and despatched to Piquetberg Road, where their mounts awaited them--and where Colonel Du Cane expressed his approval of the expedition with which the admirable corps had been despatched. These were followed by others without loss of time. The crack infantry regiment of the Colony, the Duke's, under the auspices of Colonel Goold Adams, was permitted to form a second battalion; a Cyclist Corps was raised, which included a number of well-known cyclists--Messrs. Donald Menzies, T. Denham, G. Roberts, A. M. Carroll, W. E. Tyler--with Captain J. G. Rose in command, and Lieutenants Brunton and Walker as subalterns; and the Cape Medical Staff Corps was augmented, in order that a medical company should be attached to every regiment of 800 men. Additional recruits were secured for the C. G. Artillery and the C. T. Highlanders, forces which had already distinguished themselves in the field; a Jewish Corps was originated under the direction of Mr. L. Waldman, assisted by a recruiting committee: Messrs. Harry Solomon, H. Goodman, S. Bebro, and J. H. Goldreich; while a Caledonian, a Legal, and a Cricketers' Corps were also started.

Mr. Abe Bailey showed practical appreciation of the Cricketers, by giving a donation of £100 to the troop for the purpose of transport equipment, and the first troop, commanded by Lieutenant Feltham (late Protectorate Regiment)--and among whom were the well-known players: M. Bisset (sergeant), T. W. Bell, E. Yates, G. Macfarlane, J. Rushton, D. Home, C. Bartlett, E. Warren, E. Gill, H. Wrensch, C. M. Neustetel, J. Graham, K. Hunter, F. R. Brooke, L. H. Fripp, W. Reid, H. Stidolph, S. Horwood, A. Baker, W. Marshant, J. Fehrsen, R. Solomon, I. Difford, H. Reid, and L. J. Tancred--was soon under way.

Arrangements for forming a second troop were in course of completion. The Volunteer Veterans' Association, by means of their Vice-President, Major J. Scott, introduced themselves to the favourable consideration of Colonel Southey; and the Scotsmen--so many were already in the field--rallied bravely round Messrs. Parker, M'Leod, Bowie, Collie, and Ramage, the energetic committee in charge of the formation of the Caledonian Corps.

Colonel Warren (late Kitchener's Horse) was now appointed to the command of a regiment to be styled Warren's Mounted Infantry--and a grand reunion of veterans of Prince Alfred's Own Cape Artillery took place in order that old gunners might form a company. When it is explained that at this time 6500 South African Irregulars had already been recruited, 2500 of whom had been contributed by Cape Town, the wonderful zeal of the community may be appreciated. Indeed, space does not admit of a detailed account of the further warlike preparations, but sufficient has been said to prove that this demonstration of loyalty was unparalleled in the history of the Cape.

All these exertions were due to the fact that De Wet and Botha had secretly arranged a combined system of attack which would keep our troops on tenterhooks while the Boers gathered together recruits, arms, and ammunition. Hertzog was to skirmish his way down the Colony, fan the smouldering disloyalty of Africanders, and gradually steer his course to the coast. De Wet, with more men, was to join him, and together they were to fight their way to a point of St. Helena's Bay, where a vessel bearing a fresh consignment of arms and ammunition forwarded by sympathisers in Europe, or from their own party in Holland, would be awaiting them. While they were thus carrying out their movements, Botha was to assist them by creating a diversion, and invading Natal with all the commandos at his disposal. The most important and alarming scheme--the parent scheme as it were--was De Wet's. That needed to be strangled in its birth, and to this end various complicated military movements were set on foot; firstly, to prevent Hertzog from advancing farther into British territory; secondly, to frustrate his efforts to gain recruits either by intimidation or inflated promises of success; thirdly, and chiefly, to arrest the rush to his assistance of De Wet and the concentration of the scattered commandos at any given point. So much for the arrangements to meet the parent scheme.

In regard to Botha's tactics, Lord Kitchener's plans for meeting them were of that complex nature which makes for simplicity. A crescent shaped rake of troops was to work eastwards towards the low country of Piet Retief, sweeping Botha's hordes--they numbered from five to eight thousand still--before it till the Boer chief should find himself wedged against the Swaziland border, and confronted with four equally uninviting alternatives.

1st. He might elect to fly into the arms of the loyal Swazis (who cherish an old-time hatred for their hereditary oppressors); 2nd, into those of the Zulus (who may be said to be equally antagonistic to Boer ways); 3rd, he might trek north-east into regions redolent of fever, and more deadly than the most bullet-laden battlefield; or, 4th, he might surrender and come to really easy terms with conquerors who were ready and anxious to hold out to him the hand of fellowship. But to return to Scheme No. 1.

At Cape Town the City Guard was armed, and musketry practice went on apace. The enrolment of the Johannesburg Mine Guard continued, and other regiments, the Western Province Horse and the Prince of Wales' Horse, were moved to strong positions, while Colonel Owen Thomas took command of a growing corps of smartly mounted men to replace troops that had worn themselves out with repeated combats with the enemy. The Marquis of Tullibardine, in command of the first regiment of Scottish Horse, prepared to take up his quarters at Johannesburg, _viâ_ Natal.

In a brisk encounter by a detachment of General C. Knox's force, 120 strong, with an overwhelming herd of Boers near Lindley, the British had the misfortune to lose three officers--Lieutenant-Colonel D. T. Laing, Lieutenants S. W. King and Vonschade--and fifteen men, while two officers--Lieutenants Sampson and Perrin--and twenty men were wounded. The facts were these. On the morning of the 3rd, the Commander-in-Chief's Body-guard, under Colonel Laing, were ordered to get in touch with the town of Reitz. In so doing, they found themselves assailed by Boers to right and to left of them--Boers carefully concealed in kopjes some 600 yards distant. The colonel fell, and an effort was made to retire, but the Dutchmen placed a wedge of some 500 of their number between the bodyguard and Colonel White's column. An appalling scene ensued. The British at bay fought ferociously, determining never to surrender, while young Bateson of the gallant number charged through the mass of Boers to inform Colonel White of the desperate drama that was going forward; but in spite of this noble effort, by the time reinforcements and guns appeared on the scene, the bodyguard was surrounded. Some even then refused to cease firing, but finally the Boer general threatened to shoot every man who continued, and they were eventually made prisoners.

On the 5th, General Babington drove back from Naauwpoort, a place north of Potchefstroom, the commandos of Delarey and Steenkamp, and captured a prisoner in the form of Commandant Duprez. The Dutchmen had secured an excellent and almost impregnable position in the Witwatersrand, but when the mounted infantry of Babington at Naauwpoort and Gordon at Zandfontein launched themselves at the offensive strongholds, the enemy fled to the north-west, pursued for fifteen miles by the Imperial Light Horse, who had lost heavily through their gallantry in the affair.

In the neighbourhood of the Delagoa line the Boers still buzzed, and on the night of the 7th, in a dense fog, which served as a curtain to their machinations, they simultaneously crept up to all the British posts--at Belfast, Wonderfontein, Nooitgedacht, Widfontein, and Pan.

The movement was most astutely managed, and not till about 4 A.M., after ferocious firing, were the swarming Dutchmen driven off and dispersed. Captain Fosbery was killed and twenty of the men, and three officers and fifty-nine men were wounded. The Boers left twenty-four of their number on the field.

On the 9th, Lieutenant Spedding, with sixty dashing men of the Royal Irish Rifles, proceeded by night from Ventersburg road, surprised the enemy at the romantically named kopje, Alleen, and returned plus three prisoners, 300 horses, and a quantity of cattle. A few days later the Victorians, under Captain Umpleby, made a fine haul of sixty fat cattle near Rustenburg, but unfortunately, starvation only made the Boers more daring and more rabid in their animosity.

Lord Kitchener now decided to evacuate all towns lying outside the line of communications, thus clearing the Boers' happy hunting-grounds of lootable convoys. Large camps of Boer families under British protection were formed at Brandfort and Kroonstad, and elsewhere near the railway lines.

De Wet, driven hither and thither, now developed symptoms of unusual ferocity, which seemed to prove that such civilised habits as have been accredited to him owed their origin rather to the desire to obtain the respect and sympathy of Europe than to humanitarian motives. Now that intervention was out of the question, the commandant decided to "gang his ain gait," and gave rein to his bitterness. Three agents of the Peace Committee were taken as prisoners to De Wet's laager; the burghers were flogged by his orders, and a British subject, one Morgendaal, was flogged and afterwards shot. Piet De Wet endeavoured to mediate, to point out the futility of further bloodshed, and sent an appeal which was both pathetic and practical, an appeal which passed unheeded.

An attack was made by night on Machadodorp, but before dawn on the 10th, the marauders had been routed, though a gallant young fellow, Lieutenant E. M. Harris, Royal Irish Fusiliers, lost his life in defending the post.

At Zeerust, Durban, in the region of Krugersdorp and the stations Zuurfontein and Kaalfontein, the Boers made themselves offensive, and from all places, after brisk fighting, retired with loss. At Zuurfontein, on the 12th, owing to the enemy being clothed in kharki, they were able to deceive the sentry and capture him, but the detachments of the Lincolns under Lieutenant Cordeaux, and the detachments of the Norfolks under Lieutenant Atkinson, soon routed their assailants and shot their commandant, who was within seven yards of the trenches.

While these subalterns were distinguishing themselves at Zuurfontein, another--Williams-Freeman of the Cheshires--was having a warm time at Kaalfontein; but he, with the small garrison of 120, after fighting for six hours in a blizzard from the Mausers of the foe, succeeded in driving them off without sustaining a single casualty.

About this period Sir A. Milner was appointed Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, retaining the High Commissionership; Sir W. Hely-Hutchinson, Governor of the Cape Colony; Sir Henry McCallum, Governor of Natal; and Major Goold Adams, Lieutenant-Governor of the Orange River Colony. The Secretary of State for War now authorised the enlistment of 5000 Imperial Yeomen to make up for the wastage which had occurred in that force at the front, and further contributions of troops were also invited from the colonies. The invitations, it is almost needless to say, were accepted with alacrity bordering on enthusiasm.

A few words must now be said on what may be called the Hospitals question. In consequence of grave allegations made by Mr. Burdett-Coutts (M.P. for Westminster) regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded in South Africa, the Government, on the 5th of July, decided to appoint a small Commission of three persons, afterwards increased to five, to report on the arrangements for the care and treatment of the sick and wounded during the campaign. The Commission, which consisted of Dr. Church, President of the College of Physicians; President Cunningham, of Trinity College, Dublin; Sir David Richmond (ex-Lord Provost of Glasgow); and Mr. Harrison, General Manager of the London and North-Western Railway, with Lord Justice Romer, went to South Africa, returned late in October, and concluded taking its evidence on the 5th of November.

Into the particulars of the inquiry it is impossible to enter; the sorry state of the mass of sufferers in Bloemfontein at the time of the epidemic has been described.[18] The utter impossibility of instantly remedying the evils and relieving the distress, while the bare life of the force depended on the supplies coming by train along a railway some 900 miles long, of which every bridge for the last 128 miles had been destroyed, was recognised by all who gave the matter practical thought. Still, in view of the charges made, which unrefuted, may live after those concerned have passed away and the good they have done has been "interred with their bones," it may be as well to state that after pointing out defects, &c., in the care of the sick and wounded, the commissioners came to the following conclusion:--"Reviewing the campaign as a whole," they said, "it has not been one where it can properly be said that the medical and hospital arrangements have broken down. There has been nothing in the nature of a scandal with regard to the care of the sick and wounded; no general or widespread neglect of patients, or indifference to their suffering." All witnesses of experience in other wars were, the commissioners declared, "practically unanimous in the view that, taking it all in all, in no campaign have the sick and wounded been so well looked after as they have been in this."

The report of the commissioners merely corroborated the views of all experienced men. The military and medical authorities could not have anticipated that the war would attain the proportions it did, and the Royal Army Medical Corps was insufficient in staff and equipment for the magnitude of the conflict. It was so constituted that the staff could not be suddenly enlarged or deficiencies instantly rectified. The deficiency in the staff of the corps before the war was, it was pointed out, not the fault of the Director-General and the staff of officers associated with him. They had, it is said, for a considerable time before the outbreak "urged on the military authorities the necessity for an increase of the corps, but for the most part without avail."

The commissioners, while suggesting for future guidance various improvements and the correction of defects, declared in regard to the officers of the Royal Army Medical Corps that, as a whole, their "conduct and capacity deserve great praise"; while the civil surgeons as a body did their duty "extremely well."

Taking in special consideration the state of affairs in hospital in Bloemfontein, respecting which most of the serious charges had been made, the commissioners, in stating where the conditions were unsatisfactory, pointed out that "there is nothing in them to justify any charge of inhumanity or of gross or wilful neglect, or of disregard for the sufferings of sick and wounded." They went on to state:--

"There were some special allegations made by certain witnesses which we ought to refer to before we leave the subject of Bloemfontein. It is said that on one occasion twenty typhoid patients were improperly removed to the Portland Hospital. We have inquired into this allegation, and as a result we have to state that in our own opinion the removal was necessary in the interests of the patients. A gruesome story of a corpse being stuffed into a lavatory was mentioned by Mr. Burdett-Coutts, M.P., but he states that he only spoke of the matter from information given to him. Inquiry has been made in all quarters to find out whether there is any foundation for this allegation. No such case can be found to have occurred, either at Bloemfontein or elsewhere in South Africa, and we are satisfied that Mr. Burdett-Coutts was misled by his informant. Some observations have also been made with reference to the dead at Bloemfontein, as if the corpses, owing to their great number, were dealt with in a hurried or neglectful way. This is not the fact. In the first place the numbers of men dying in Bloemfontein have been overstated by some witnesses. There were not fifty deaths a day, the maximum was forty, and that only for one day. Each body was buried separately and with every respect and care, and each grave was numbered, and the number and name of the dead man registered."

Certain other complaints and statements were not attended to by the commissioners, who explained their silence as indicating that they regarded them as not well founded.

* * * * *

And now comes the most painful duty of the chronicler. In writing of the end of the war and the triumph of British arms in the cause of civilisation, it is a grievous necessity to speak of the close of a great and glorious life. Queen Victoria, to the inexpressible grief of her large family and her devoted subjects, passed away at 6.30 P.M. on the 22nd January. On Friday, the 18th, the British public was shocked to hear that their hitherto hale, though venerable, Sovereign was stricken in health. On the following day her condition was found to be grave. On Sunday the Empire lived in suspense. The members of the Royal Family were called together, the German Emperor--as the Queen's grandson, not as a reigning monarch--hurried to these shores. Monday was a day of tribulation, for all knew there was no hope, and the world figurately watched with bated breath around that august bedside where the glorious Queen, a good and gracious lady, was slowly throwing aside the weight of years and sovereignty which she had so nobly borne. On Tuesday the end came, and the Empire was plunged in gloom. Victoria, the greatest queen the world has ever known, the purest ideal of womanhood, strong of brain and gentle of heart, had breathed her last. But she left behind her an undying fame, an influence which will be felt not for one but for many generations--a light to lighten the feet of men and women of the future whether in State or home.

* * * * *

To return to the Cape. About the middle of the month the situation stood thus. Colonel de Lisle's column, consisting of the 6th Mounted Infantry, the New South Wales Mounted Infantry, the Irish Yeomanry, a section of R Battery Royal Horse Artillery, and a "pom-pom," arrived at Piquetsberg, to assist in routing the guerillas, who, in clusters varying from 120 to 2000 strong, were reported to be marching towards Clanwilliam, Calvinia, Worcester, Piquetsberg, and the Beaufort West district.

A concerted movement against the invaders was being rapidly organised, and quantities of separate columns under General Settle, each in touch with the other and moving simultaneously, were to sweep clear the country and wipe off the Boers from the neighbourhood of Matjesfontein and Calvinia, whither Hertzog's commando had penetrated. At Matjesfontein Colonel Henniker's troops formed the centre of a semicircle, travelling left in the direction where Thorneycroft's and Bethune's forces operated, and bending coastwards were De Lisle and his nimble men who kept guard over the loopholes to the sea whence supplies might be drawn. The passes in the hills, of this the most difficult and mountainous country, were held by the Cape Town Cyclist Corps, together with the Western Province, Scottish and Welsh Horse, while the Australians patrolled around Lamberts and Bast, Clanwilliam and the coast, and took care the enemy found no means of squeezing to the left. There was little chance of a complete cessation of hostilities for a good time to come, for the Dutchmen were cunning, and having discovered that their wives and children were so humanely provided for, considered themselves free to keep the field with increased persistence. That they were not unsuccessful in their machinations was due to the fact that they carefully eluded the British troops, and were fed and cared for at the expense of the country people who kept them well informed as to the manoeuvres of their pursuers. Meanwhile Hertzog was beating up recruits and scouring districts known to be disaffected for hale and hearty bachelors who would share the life of the marauders. But martial law having been proclaimed there was no great rush to his banner, though from the attitude, laudatory and almost reverential, of the farmers towards De Wet and his exploits, it was plain that, should he succeed in eluding Knox and breaking south, he might end by fizzing comet-wise through the Colony with a trail of rebels at his heels.

In the Transvaal Botha's followers, to the strength of 3000, were concentrated near Carolina, while others of the gang hovered round Johannesburg and Standerton. On the 17th, from this latter place, they were driven off with loss by Colonel Colville's mobile column, and their discomfiture was completed by the seizure by the Johannesburg Mounted Rifles of a Boer outpost near Springs. They scored, however, by capturing a train with mine materials near Balmoral, and also by damaging, on the 22nd, the electric light work near Johannesburg. Lord Methuen, meanwhile, was clearing the Boers out of Kuruman and Griqualand.

On the 25th a goods train, with cattle and provisions for the far north of Kimberley, was captured at Slipklip by the marauders, who had previously captured an outpost of twenty Dublin Fusiliers. The Dutchman would have succeeded in seizing a second train which was following, but for the presence of mind of the driver of the first train, who directly he found himself pelted by bullets rolled off the engine, made a detour of several miles, and reached the line near Kimberley in time to arrest the progress of the second train.

General Smith-Dorrien, marching from Wonderfontein to Carolina, came on a mass of the enemy who had been tampering with the line, and were now strongly ensconced round the river. He gave battle to them--five hours the engagement lasted--and eventually succeeded in dispersing them, but with the loss of one officer and four men killed and three officers and thirteen men wounded. He afterwards returned to Pretoria. The scattered horde, after sniping at him to the best of their ability, gathered round a train with a view to creating damage, but the driver, a smart fellow, shot down the ringleader, one Commandant Liebrant (who was tampering with the vacuum brake), with the result that his comrades fled, leaving his body behind.

On the 29th the ubiquitous Knox engaged De Wet's force about forty miles north of Thabanchu. De Wet had been "loafing about" in the region between Ladybrand and Winburg, waiting, it was believed, for more of his followers (who were enjoying furlough), prior to making the grand invasion of Cape Colony. Fighting was fierce and sustained, but at last the Dutchmen made off, leaving behind them five dead Boers and three others who were taken prisoners. Our losses included Lieutenant Way, Durham Light Infantry, and one man, while among the wounded was Major Copeman, Essex Regiment.

De Wet himself, with a gang of some 2500 guerillas, came into contact with Major Crewe's composite column on the 31st of January near Tabaksberg, a rectangular slab of mountain, which was held by a force five times superior to the British in number, who poured a terribly severe rifle fire on the British party. A brilliant retirement was effected in the dusk and the convoy saved, though a pom-pom, after desperate efforts to remove it, had to be abandoned. Meanwhile, disaster had overtaken us in the eastern Transvaal.

On the 30th, during a storm of rain, a post at Moddersfontein was "rushed" by night by some 1400 Dutchmen with a gun and a pom-pom. A relief column sent out from Krugersdorp failed to avert the fall of the post, who had had their water supply cut off, and had no resource but to surrender. They however disabled their Maxim before so doing.

The casualties were:--Two officers, Lieutenant Green, 59th Company Imperial Yeomanry, and Civil Surgeon Walker, killed; Captain Magniac, 59th Company Imperial Yeomanry, and Lieutenant Crawley, South Wales Borderers, wounded.

To the south of Middelburg General Campbell's column was engaged with some 500 Boers, who were driven back with loss. Lieutenant Cawston, 18th Hussars, was dangerously wounded (since dead); Lieutenant Reade, King's Royal Rifles, severely wounded. Eighteen men were killed and wounded.

Of the situation at the close of January and the beginning of February it is impossible to give more than a rough outline. Four main movements had been organised against the cliques of the enemy. Towards the east of the Transvaal, in order to make a complete clearance of the Boers from Delagoa line of communications, the following columns, each in touch with the other, had started on the 27th of January:--

General Smith-Dorrien's from Wonderfontein, General Campbell's from Middelburg, General Alderson's from Eerstefabrieken, General Knox's from Kaalfontein, Colonel Allanby's (?) from Zuurfontein, General Dartnell's from Springs, and Colonel Colville's from Greylingstad. The southern columns were commanded by General French; those sweeping from the north by General Lyttelton.

In the Potchefstroom, Rand, and Krugersdorp districts, General Cunningham was operating against some 2000 of Delarey's followers, while Generals Knox, Plumer, Bruce-Hamilton, and Maxwell, with Colonels White and Pilcher and Major Crewe, were all engaged in hunting De Wet in hope of forcing him into the arms of one or other of the corps concentrated on the Orange River. This irrepressible one was marching hot-foot with a force of 3000 men south of Thabanchu, and the excitement among the various British regiments preparing to intercept his plan of crossing the Orange River was intense.

The fourth movement for the clearance of Cape Colony was being developed by General Brabant and Colonel Girouard (chief of staff). These two were on the watch to prevent De Wet and his followers, two 15-pounders, a Maxim and a pom-pom (captured from Major Crewe's column while crossing the rail between Edenburg and Springfontein), from co-operating with Hertzog's band in the Cape Colony, and carrying out his threat to "give the farmers there a taste of what we ourselves have suffered through this war."

The volunteers and town-guards in the districts of Oudtshoorn, Clanwilliam, Somerset East, and other parts of the Colony had exciting times, as the enemy, broken into mere marauding bands, looted and destroyed or damaged farms and property at every turn; but they bore these ills with spirit, and prepared themselves by night or day to give the aggressors a fitting reception. The marauders' tactics were everywhere the same--they lived on the country, and worked east, avoiding contact with the mounted troops, and speedily dispersing before places which offered resistance to their attacks.

Ermelo was occupied by General French on the 6th, when fifty Boers surrendered. Botha and his tribe of 7000 had retired eastward, and in the dusk before dawn attacked General Smith-Dorrien at Bothwell. After fierce fighting the Dutchman was repulsed with considerable loss to himself, for General Spruit was killed and two field cornets, while General Raademeger was wounded. Many other Boers were seriously wounded, and twenty were left on the ground. Of the British party twenty-four were slain and fifty-three wounded.

At Petrusburg a column brought in some 3500 horses and cattle without sustaining any casualty. More captures were made at Lillefontein, east of Vryburg; 12 waggons and 200 cattle formed the bag, and the enemy was dispersed.

On the 11th, General French made a magnificent haul, a convoy being captured--50 waggons, 15 carts, and 45 prisoners--and this with the loss of one man only.

Indeed day after day, before French and his hard-worked warriors in the neighbourhood of Piet Retief, Botha was suffering severely, and some 5000 Dutchmen were dispersing in disorganised gangs, having lost already over 280 in killed and wounded. Of their number 183 had surrendered, while 56 were made prisoners. They had lost a 15-pounder gun, 462 rifles, 160,000 rounds of small-arm ammunition, 3600 horses, 70 mules, 3530 trek oxen, 18,700 cattle, 155,400 sheep, and 1070 waggons and carts! But this was not all. A few days later, on the 25th, came additional captures in the form of a 19-pounder Krupp gun, a howitzer, a Maxim, 20,000 rounds of small-arm ammunition, 153 rifles, 388 horses, 52 mules, 834 trek oxen, 5600 cattle, 9800 sheep, and 287 waggons and carts! Three hundred of the enemy now surrendered, while their losses in killed and wounded were about nine. No British casualties were reported. Further operations were delayed by torrents of rain, which converted the country into a swamp; but Boers surrendered daily, and Botha's whole force was now represented only by scattered bands of malcontents.

The plight of the Dutchmen was equally sorry elsewhere. Lord Methuen, who was marching from Taungs to Klerksdorp with the object of clearing the Masakani Range at Haartbeestfontein, engaged De Villiers and Liebenberg with a band of 400 and defeated them, losing in the encounter 16 killed (among them 3 officers) and 34 wounded, while 18 Dutchmen bit the dust. The 10th Yeomanry, Victoria Bushmen, and the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment came out of the fray with flying colours. De Wet also, after a really magnificent venture south, was forced back to his old haunts discomfited.

The tale of his audacious invasion of Cape Colony can but be outlined here. Briefly, the Dutchman with his force succeeded, despite the resistance of the troops before-mentioned, in getting across the Orange River by Zand Drift on the 11th, with a view to following in the track of Hertzog, and fulfilling the programme already described. Ever active, he sped on, made a lunge at the garrison of Philipstown on the 14th, and, after a three hours' tussle, was repulsed, and bolted (followed closely by General Plumer) in the direction of Hout Kraal. Here he arrived on the 15th, with the intention of pushing on to De Aar, but he was frustrated by the timely arrival there of Lord Kitchener, who bore down on the scene from Pretoria and made dispositions which finally forced the foe into more northerly hunting-grounds. Meanwhile, Colonel Crabbe, thundering in rear of the Dutchman, caught up his convoy, seized twenty waggons, a score of Boer tatterdemalions, a Maxim, and over 200 horses. Still De Wet continued to flee, his aim being to cross the Brak River and reach Britstown; but Nature frustrated him, for the swollen river had become impassable, and there was nothing left but to turn tail and scurry northwards and escape the hunters Knox and Plumer, who were still in full chase. Dividing his forces, De Wet steered them between the Brak River and the rail, pounding on from the keen pursuit of the converging columns as fast as floods and quagmires would permit. His sole object now was to recross the Orange River with a whole skin, and rushing breathlessly first to Read's Drift, then to Mark's Drift (near Douglas), both of which were impassable, he found himself again frustrated and forced to twist downwards--clinging ever to the river bank, with the indomitable Plumer hanging to his coat-tails.

At last, near Hopetown, on the 23rd, he was overtaken by Colonel Owen, one of Plumer's lieutenants, who relieved him of fifty of his gang, some carts full of ammunition, a gun and a pom-pom. The wily one himself veered off in the direction of Petrusville with a following of some 400 men, the rest having dispersed before the avenging K.D.G.'s, Victorians, and Imperial Light Horse, according to custom, like the fragments of a bursting shell, leaving behind them steaming cooking-pots and horses ready saddled. The affair was another plume in the cap of the man who so unostentatiously had harried and fought and skirmished around Mafeking for the relief of Colonel Baden-Powell, but he had to pay for his hard work in persistently chasing and eventually turning the foe, by a spell of complete exhaustion. The pursuit was then carried forward by Colonels Henniker and Crabbe. General Plumer entrained and moved to Springfontein in order to await developments and be ready on the north of the river should De Wet succeed in evading the pursuit and in getting across. The fugitive at this time (24th) was in no enviable position. Chased by Henniker and Crabbe, worn, weary, and dropping shattered horses as he went, he found himself again within the same square hunting-ground he had left, bounded on the north by the Orange, on the south by the De Aar-to-Naauwpoort line, on the east by the line connecting Naauwpoort with Norval's Pont, on the west by that leading from De Aar up to Orange River Station.

But there were now stern limitations. Coming down from Hopetown towards Petrusville he was conscious of his cramped position and of his danger, for he had fled into a ring which was growing smaller and smaller as he rushed across country for an outlet. At the back of him was a half hoop, like an incoming wave, created by the troops of Henniker and Crabbe, supported by those of Thorneycroft, who guarded the region from Krankuil to the bank of the river. Coming up from Hanover Road on the south (to prevent him doubling back) were Colonels Hickman, Haig, and Williams; and waiting for him towards the east, with his arms open as it were, was Colonel Byng, moving from Colesberg. Thus all along the line of the Zeekoe River was guarded, or supposed to be. As De Wet's luck would have it, Colonel Byng, under orders, made a temporary move to Hamilfontein, causing a gap, of which the slim Dutchman was not slow to avail himself. He tore along towards the bank of the river, found the loophole at Lilliefontein (some four miles west of Colesberg Road bridge), and was over the river like a rocket! Space does not admit of a detailed account of this exciting chase, of Captain Dallimore's prodigious haul of twenty-seven Boers by fifteen Victorians, and of the part taken by all the splendid troops, that knew no rest night nor day for over a fortnight. Disappointment was great at the loss of the quarry, but there was at least the consolation of knowing that the projected invasion was a disastrous failure from beginning to end, and the brilliant guerilla chief was crippled for a good time to come.

On the 27th, a meeting took place at Middelburg between Lord Kitchener and Botha, with the object of making terms which would induce the Dutchman and his allies to surrender. A most liberal offer was made, but the Boers clamouring only for "independence," the one thing which it was impossible they could have, failed to come to terms, and after a lengthy correspondence of some weeks' duration, the proceedings fell through, and it was understood, both at home and abroad, that the enemy had decided to fight to the finish.

This decision was received by many with unfeigned thanksgiving. Though all were weary of war, of the ruin and sacrifice involved, they yet preferred to suffer and endure rather than run the risk of a magnanimous compromise which would "shame the living and cheat the dead," which must assuredly be regarded by the Boers as a demonstration of weakness, and might eventually bring about a recurrence of the terrible war drama that is now drawing to a close. Patience and pluck and determination are needed--they will be required for some months to come--but the end is in view. The bold, dogged, and doughty enemy will have to learn the lesson that the British are equally bold, dogged, and doughty--that they mean not only to have, but to hold, that which they have earned by a vast expenditure of blood and treasure; to maintain the avowed policy of the British nation, to establish British suzerainty from the Cape to the Zambesi, and make South Africa "indisputably and for ever one country under one flag, with one system of Government, and that system the British." The lesson once taught, the vista will grow clear. Into the newly acquired territory will be introduced the true meaning of the word Justice; of the phrase "liberty and equality for all white men." Then, slowly--by infinitesimal degrees, perhaps--but surely, will liberty and equality develop into fraternity, and the stalwarts who, like ourselves, have passed bravely through the fiercest ordeal of Manhood, will, with us, work shoulder to shoulder to bring about an era of prosperous peace and abiding amity.

LONDON, _March 1901_.

FOOTNOTES:

[18] See vol. iv. p. 177.

BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF NOTABLE PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CAMPAIGN[19]

ABBREVIATIONS

K.G. Knight of the Garter. K.T. Knight of the Thistle. K.P. Knight of St. Patrick. G.C.B. Knight Grand Cross } K.C.B. Knight Commander } of the Bath. C.B. Companion } G.C.S.I. Knight Grand Commander } K.C.S.I. Knight Commander } of the Star of C.S.I. Companion } India. G.C.M.G. Knight Grand Cross } K.C.M.G. Knight Commander } of St. Michael and St. C.M.G. Companion } George. G.C.I.E. Knight Grand Commander } K.C.I.E. Knight Commander } of the Indian C.I.E. Companion } Empire. G.C.V.O. Knight Grand Cross } K.C.V.O. Knight Commander } of the Royal Victorian C.V.O. Commander } Order. M.V.O. Member 4th or 5th Class } D.S.O. Companion of the Distinguished Service Order. A.D.C. Aide-de-Camp. V.C. Victoria Cross.

=Abinger= (4th Baron).--James Yorke Macgregor Scarlett. Late Captain 3rd Battalion Queen's Own (Cameron Highlanders).

=Acheson= (Viscount).--Archibald Charles Montagu Brabazon, D.L. for County Armagh. Lieutenant 2nd Battalion Coldstream Guards.

=À Court.=--Lieut.-Col. C. À Court. Entered Rifle Brigade, 1878; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Staff Capt. (Intell.) Headquarters of Army, 1890-93; D.A.A.G. (Intell.) Headquarters of Army, 1893-95; D.A.A.G., Egypt, 1897-98; Brig.-Maj. Soudan Ex. Force, 1898; Mil. Attaché (temp.) Brussels and the Hague, 1899; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878 (medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Ladysmith Relief Force; Spion Kop (Despatches).

=Airey.=--Lieut.-Col. H. P. Airey, D.S.O. This dashing officer commanded the New South Wales Imperial Bushmen.

=Airlie= (8th Earl of).--David William Stanley Ogilvy, Baron Ogilvy of Airlie (_see_ vol. vi. p. 15).

=Albemarle= (8th Earl of).--Arnold Allan Cecil Keppel, Baron Ashford, Viscount Bury. Colonel, C.I.V.; late Dorset Militia; late Scots Guards.

=Alderson.=--Lieut.-Col. E. A. H. Alderson, Royal West Kent Regt. Entered 1878; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv. S. Africa, 1896-97; D.A.A.G., Aldershot, 1897-99; Comdg. Mounted Inf. Cav., 1st Brig., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); Op. in S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Comdg. Corps of Mounted Inf.

=Aldworth.=--Lieutenant-Colonel W. Aldworth, D.S.O. Commanding 2nd Battalion Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. For career, _see_ vol. iv. p. 60.

=Alexander.=--Lieut.-Col. H. Alexander, 10th Hussars. Entered 1880; Lieut.-Col., Aug. 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Yeomanry Cavalry, 1890-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; twice wounded (once severely).

=Alexander.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. W. P. Alexander, Royal Scots Greys. Cor. 2nd Dragoons, 1869; Brev.-Col., July 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1884-89. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Allen.=--Major-General Ralph Edward Allen, J.P., A.A.G. South African Field Force. Entered 1865; Colonel, 1896. _Staff Service_--Brigade Major, Belfast, 1884; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., South Africa, 1884-85; Brigade Major, Eastern District, 1886-87; D.A.A.G., Chatham, 1887; A.A.G., Curragh, 1896-97; A.A.G., South Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-85 (honourably mentioned; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Major-General Allen, born in 1846, is the son of the late Major R. Shuttleworth Allen, J.P., D.L., and the daughter of Sir Samuel Cunard, Bart.

=Allin.=--Lieut.-Col. W. B. Allin, A.M.S., P.M.O., Natal Field Force; Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C., 1893. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-1880 (medal); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches, 1885; medal with clasp; bronze star; promoted Surg.-Maj.); Isazai Ex., 1892; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Appelbe.=--Col. E. B. Appelbe. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1887-93; Ord. Officer 3rd class, 1896-98; Ord. Officer 2nd class, 1898. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879-81 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); Soudan, 1888-89 (3rd class Medjidie); S. African War, 1899-1900; Chief Ord. Officer, Lines of Communication.

=Armstrong.=--Lieut.-Col. F. W. Armstrong. This officer rendered valuable service with the East Griqualand Mounted Volunteers.

=Arthur.=--Sir George Compton Archibald Arthur, 3rd Battalion Herts Yeomanry Cavalry; Lieutenant, 2nd Life Guards, 1880-86. _War Service_--Egyptian Campaign, 1882; Nile Expedition, 1885. Born 1860.

=Ava= (Earl of).--Archibald James Leofric Temple Blackwood (late 17th Lancers), son of 1st Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. For career, see vol iii. p. 90.

=Babington.=--Major-General J. M. Babington. Entered 1873; Colonel, 1896. _Staff Service_--A.A.G., Punjab, 1896-99. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1901; A.A.G., afterwards Commanding 1st Cavalry Brigade.

=Babtie.=--Major W. Babtie, #V.C.#, C.M.G., R.A.M.C. (_See_ Recipients of the V.C.) Entered 1881. This notable medical officer, the first of the Scottish heroes to earn the V.C. in South Africa, was born in 1859, and is the son of Mr. J. Babtie, J.P., of Dumbarton. He served with distinction in India, Malta, and Crete, and was decorated for services rendered during the international occupation of that island. His action at Colenso is described elsewhere.

=Bacon.=--Maj. W. Bacon. This officer rendered notable service with the Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Baden-Powell.=--Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell. Special Service, Mafeking. Entered 13th Hussars, 1876; Major-General, 23rd May 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Cape of Good Hope, 1888; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to G.O.C. Cape of Good Hope, 1888-90; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to Governor of Malta, 1890-93. Special Service, Ashanti, 1895-96; South Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Operations in Zululand, 1888 (honourably mentioned); Ashanti Expedition, 1895-96 (honourably mentioned; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel, Star); Operations in South Africa, 1896 (Despatches; Brevet of Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900; Mafeking. Afterwards on Staff. Promoted Major-General for distinguished services in the field. The heroic defender of Mafeking is the son of the late Prof. Baden-Powell, who married the eldest daughter of Admiral W. H. Smyth, F.R.S., a descendant of the gallant Captain John Smith of Elizabethan age. Their son, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, was born on the 22nd February 1857. He was a godson of Robert Stephenson, the celebrated engineer. He is a keen soldier, a smart scholar, a fine actor, and a born wit, and to these qualities, combined with his amazing versatility and excellent spirits, he owes his popularity and success. In 1870 he was nominated by the Duke of Marlborough for Charterhouse, where he distinguished himself not only by his mental but moral qualities, while his irrepressible spirits caused him to be looked upon as the life of the school. In addition to his other accomplishments he is a first-rate polo-player and pig-sticker, a capital shot, and an ambidextrous artist. His favourite mottoes are: "Don't flurry; patience gains the day!" and "A smile and a stick will carry you through any difficulty in the world."

=Bagot.=--J. F. Bagot, J.P., D.L., M.P. for South Westmorland since 1892, County Councillor for Westmorland, Parliamentary Private Secretary to Financial Secretary to Treasury. This gallant officer (serving with Yeomanry Cavalry) retired as Captain in Grenadier Guards in 1886. Prior to that date he acted as A.D.C. to the Governor-General of Canada in 1882-83 and 1888-89. He is the eldest son of Colonel Charles Bagot, Grenadier Guards; was born in 1854, and married in 1885 to the daughter of Sir John Leslie, Bart.

=Bainbridge.=--Brev.-Maj. E. G. T. Bainbridge, The Buffs. Entered 1888; Brev.-Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1896-98; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches, Nov. 1896); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches, Jan. 1898; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, Sept. and Dec., 1898; Brev. of Maj.; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; Commanding Corps of Mounted Inf.

=Ball.=--Maj. J. W. Ball. This officer rendered valuable service with the Queenstown Rifle Volunteers.

=Banfield.=--Lieut.-Col. R. J. F. Banfield, The Welsh Regiment. Entered 1871; Lieut.-Col., 1896. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst. W. Dist., 1887-92. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Op. at Paardeberg; severely wounded, 18th Feb. 1900.

=Bartlett.=--Sir Ellis Ashmead Bartlett, M.P., Lieutenant, 4th Battalion Bedfordshire Regiment. Sir Ellis was born in 1849, and married in 1874 the daughter of Mr. Walsh of Philadelphia. He was M.P. for Suffolk from 1880-85, for Ecclesall Division, Sheffield, since 1885, and Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1885-86, 1886-92.

=Barton.=--Major-General G. Barton, C.B. Commanding 6th Brigade Natal Field Force. Entered 1862; Major-General, 1898. _Staff Service_--Special Service, Ashanti Expedition, 1873-74; A.D.C. to Brigadier-General, Aldershot, 1874-77; Special Service, South Africa, 1878-79; D.A.A. and Q.M.G. (commandant Foot Police); Expeditionary Force, Egypt, 1882; Assistant Military Secretary, China, 1884-85; Assistant Military Secretary to Lieutenant-General, Expeditionary Force, Suakim, 1885; A.A.G. Thames District, 1895-97, North-West District, 1897-98; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti, 1873-74, wounded (Despatches; medal with clasp; promoted Captain); South African War, 1879 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brevet of Major); Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel, 4th class, Osmanieh); Soudan Expedition, 1885 (clasp); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; wounded February 27, 1900.

=Basing= (2nd Baron).--George Limbrey Sclater-Booth. Entered 1st Dragoons, 1882; Major 1898. _War Service_--S. African War (Despatches). Lord Basing was born in 1860, and married, in 1889, the daughter of Mr. John Hargreaves, Maiden Erleigh, Berks, and Whalley Abbey, Lancs.

=Bayly.=--Lieut.-Col. A. W. L. Bayly, D.S.O., I.S.C. Entered 108th Foot, 1874; Lieut.-Col., June 1900. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Burmese Ex., 1886-87; D.A.Q.M.G. Dist. Staff Officer, 2nd class; D.A.A.G., Bombay, 1887-92; A.A.G., India, 1896; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches, Sept. 1887; medal with 2 clasps; D.S.O.); S. African War, with Ladysmith Relief Force; wounded 24th Jan.

=Beale.=--Col. Beale. This officer rendered valuable service with the Rhodesian Regt., British S. Africa Company.

=Bearcroft.=--Capt. J. Bearcroft, Royal Navy. Entered R.N. 1864; Capt., 1895. _War Service_--Commanded _Philomel_, and landed in command of Naval Brigade, S. African War, 1899-1900; C.B., Oct. 1900.

=Beckett.=--Colonel C. E. Beckett, C.B., 3rd Hussars. Entered 1869; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1882; Brigadier-Major Cavalry Brigade, Egypt, 1882-83; Assistant Military Secretary to G.O.C. Forces, Ireland, 1886-88; D.A.A.G., Headquarters, Ireland, 1888-91; Assistant-Inspector General of Ordnance, Headquarters of Army, 1898-99; A.A.G., Natal, 1899; A.Q.M.G., Headquarters of Army, 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brevet of Major, 4th class Medjidie); Soudan, 1884-85 (clasp); South African War, Dundee, severely wounded.

=Belcher.=--Maj. R. Belcher acted as second in command of the splendid corps known as Strathcona's Horse. See vol. iii. p. 147.

=Belfield.=--Col. H. E. Belfield. Entered 1876; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1890-93; D.A.A.G. (and also for Inst.), Aldershot, 1893-95; Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Bell-Irving.=--Lieut.-Col. A. Bell-Irving, R.A. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (Despatches; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Benson.=--Colonel F. W. Benson. Joined 21st Hussars, 1869; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieutenant-Governor North-West Provinces, India, 1877; employed with Egyptian Army, 1893-94; D.A.A.G. for Inst., Dublin, 1895-98; A.A.G. South-East District, 1898-99; Special Service, South Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G. South Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Fenian Raid, Canada (medal with clasp); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Bentinck.=--Lord Charles Cavendish Cavendish Bentinck, Lieutenant 9th Lancers. Special Service, S. Africa, 1900.

=Bentinck.=--Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P., Yeomanry Cavalry. Lord Henry, born in 1863, is the son of General Bentinck. He married in 1892 Lady Olivia, daughter of the late Earl of Bective.

=Bethell.=--Lieut.-Col. E. H. Bethell, R.E. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., Jan. 1900. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj. Royal Engineers, Headquarters, Ireland, 1890-95; Staff Off. Royal Engineers, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (Despatches; medal). S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Bethune.=--Lieutenant-Colonel E. C. Bethune. Entered 1875; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1900. _Staff Service_--Garrison Instructor, D.A.A.G., Madras, 1887-94; D.A.A.G., India, 1898-99; A.A.G., India, 1899; D.A.A.G., South Africa, 1899; Special Service, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal with clasp); South African War, 1881; South African War, 1900; on Staff; raised and commanded Bethune's Mounted Infantry.

=Bewicke-Copley.=--Lieut.-Col. R. C. A. B. Bewicke-Copley, 3rd Batt. King's Royal Rifle Corps. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gov., Bengal, 1880; D.A.A.G., Barbadoes, 1890-92; Headquarters, Ireland, 1892-95; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen., India, 1896-98. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; Feb. 1898; 2 clasps); Tirah, 1897-98 (Despatches; April 1900; clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Bingham.=--Maj. Hon. C. E. Bingham, 1st Life Guards, A.D.C. Entered 3rd Hussars 1882; Major, 1st Life Guards, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Cav. Brig., S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. Cav. Brig., S. Africa, Feb. 1900; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, May 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Blagrove.=--Colonel H. J. Blagrove. Commanding 13th Hussars. Entered 13th Hussars 1875; Brevet-Colonel, July 1900. _Staff Service_--Staff Captain Remount Establishment, 1887-92. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Blomfield.=--Lieutenant-Colonel C. J. Blomfield, D.S.O. Commanding 2nd Lancashire Fusiliers. Entered 1875; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjutant, Auxiliary Forces, 1884-89; D.A.A.G., Bombay, 1892-97; A.A.G., India, 1897. _War Service_--Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O. Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); South African War, 1899-1900. Colonel Blomfield, born in 1855, is the son of the late Rev. G. Blomfield and the daughter of the late Bishop of London. He married the daughter of the late Major E. Bristoe. The gallant Colonel, whose splendid regiment distinguished itself at Spion Kop, had the misfortune to be taken prisoner on that occasion (see vol. iii. p. 111).

=Bodle.=--Lieut.-Col. Bodle. This officer rendered valuable service with the British S. Africa Police.

=Bowles.=--Lieut.-Col. H. Bowles, Yorkshire Regt. Entered 1876; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Staff Capt., Egypt, 1884-85; D.A.A., and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885-86. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches, May 1900); Paardeberg, wounded.

=Boyes.=--Major-General T. E. Boyes. Commanding 17th Brigade. Entered 1861; Major-General, 1899. _Staff Service_--Brigade-Major, Straits Settlements, 1869-70; Major-General Infantry, Aldershot, January 1900 to March 1900; South Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882-84; (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel, 4th class Osmanieh); Soudan (2 clasps); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (clasp); South African War, 1900.

=Brabant.=--Brigadier-General E. Y. Brabant, M.L.D., C.M.G. (Brabant's Horse). Entered 2nd Derby Militia, 1855; joined Cape Mounted Rifles, 1856, and retired in 1870. Commandant of Colonial Forces, 1878; C.M.G., 1880; Commanding Colonial Division in South Africa, 1900.

=Brabazon.=--Major-General J. P. Brabazon, C.B., A.D.C. to the Queen. Commanding Imperial Yeomanry, South Africa. Entered 1862; Colonel, January 1899. _Staff Service_--Acting as Volunteer with rank of Captain, Ashanti Expedition, 1873-74; A.D.C. (extra to Viceroy of India), 1877-79; Brigade-Major, Afghan Campaign, 1870-80; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1889; Colonel on Staff; Commanding Cavalry Brigade, South-East District, 1899; Major-General, Cavalry Brigade, South Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Ashanti, 1874 (medal with clasp); Afghan War 1878-80 (Despatches; March, November, 1879; January, May, December, 1880; Medal with 4 clasps; bronze star; Brevet of Major); Egyptian Expedition, 1884 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); Soudan, 1884-85 (clasp); South African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches). General Brabazon, born in 1843, is the son of the late Major Brabazon (late 15th Hussars), and the daughter of the late Sir W. H. Palmer, Bart.

=Bradley.=--Lieut.-Col. C. E. Bradley, North Stafford Regiment. Entered 1874; Lieut-Col., 1899. _War Service_--Op. in Zululand, 1888; S. African War, 1890-1900.

=Brassey.=--Captain Hon. T. Allnutt Brassey, B.A., J.P., West Kent Yeomanry Cavalry. Captain Brassey is the son of the 1st Baron Brassey and the daughter of 1st Marquis of Abergavenny.

=Bridge.=--Col. C. H. Bridge, C.B., A.S.C. Brev.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.Q.M.G., Headquarters of Army, 1888-91; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1896-97; E. Dist., 1897-99; D.A.G. for Transport, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Op. in S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; C.B.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Broadwood.=--Brigadier-General R. G. Broadwood. Entered 12th Lancers 1881; Brevet of Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Belfast District, 1892; employed with Egyptian Army, 1892-99; Brigadier-General, Cavalry Brigade, South Africa, February 1900. _War Service_--Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps; medal); Nile Expedition, 1897 (2 clasps to Egyptian medal, 4th class Osmanieh); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; Brevet of Colonel; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Brocklehurst.=--Major-General J. F. Brocklehurst, M.V.O. Commanding 13th Cavalry Brigade. Entered 1874; Colonel, 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884-85; Equerry to the Queen, 1899; Major-General, Cavalry Brigade, Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; clasp; Brevet of Major); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Bromley Davenport.=--W. J. P. Bromley Davenport, M.P., Yeomanry Cavalry. Born 1863. Son of late Lieutenant-Colonel W. Bromley Davenport, M.P.

=Brooke.=--Col. L. G. Brooke, 1st Batt. Connaught Rangers. Entered 1869; Brev.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1881-86. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879; Ulundi, slightly wounded (Despatches; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force; Colenso, dangerously wounded.

=Brooke.=--Captain R. G. Brooke, D.S.O., A.D.C. to Sir George White. Entered 1885; Captain, 7th Hussars, 1896. _War Service_--Operations in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Operations on North-Western Frontier of India, 1897-98 (2 clasps); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; D.S.O. Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); South African War, 1899-1900; Elandslaagte, severely wounded. Captain Brooke is the son of Sir Victor Brooke and the daughter of Sir Alan Bellingham.

=Browne.=--Maj. R. S. Browne. This officer rendered valuable service with the Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Bryan.=--Major Hon. G. L. Bryan, Imperial Yeomanry. This officer, born in 1857, is a son of the 3rd Baron Bellew. He spent some years in the 10th Hussars, and served in the Nile Expedition.

=Buchan.=--Lieut.-Col. L. Buchan. This officer served with distinction with the Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry.

=Buchanan-Riddell.=--Lieut.-Col. R. G. Buchanan-Riddell, 3rd Batt. King's Royal Rifle Corps. For particulars see vol. iii. p. 111.

=Buller.=--General Sir Redvers Henry Buller, #V.C.#, P.C., G.C.B., K.C.M.G. Commander-in-Chief of Forces, Natal. Entered 1858; Colonel, 1879; General, 1896. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Ashanti Expedition, 1873-74; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1874-78; Special Service, Cape of Good Hope, 1878-79; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1879-84; A.A. and Q.M.G., North Britain; Aldershot, 1880-81; D.A. and Q.M.G., South Africa, 1881; Brigadier-General, South Africa, 1881; D.A. and Q.M.G., Intelligence Department, Expeditionary Force, Egypt, 1882; A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1883-84; Major-General (Chief of Staff), Egypt, 1884-85; D.A.G. to the Forces, Headquarters of Army, 1885-86; Special Service, 1886-87; Q.M.G. to the Forces, Headquarters of Army, 1887-90; Adjutant-General to the Forces, Headquarters of Army, 1890-97; Lieutenant-General commanding troops, Aldershot, 1898-99; General Commanding-in-Chief, South Africa, October 1899 to January 1900; General Officer Commanding Natal, January 1900. _War Service_--China War, 1860 (medal with clasp); Red River Expedition, 1870; Ashanti, 1873-74; wounded (Despatches, November 1873, March 1874; medal with clasp; Brevet of Major; C.B.); South African War, 1878-79 (thanked in General Orders; Despatches, 11th, 18th June 1878; 5th, 15th, 28th March; 7th May, 21st August 1879; medal with clasp; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel; A.D.C. to Queen; #V.C.#, C.M.G.); Egyptian Campaign, 1882-84 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star, 3rd class Osmanieh; K.C.M.G.); Soudan, 1884 (Despatches, March, April, May, 1884; 2 clasps; promoted Major-General for distinguished service); Soudan, 1884-85 (Despatches, March, August, 1885; clasp; K.C.B.); South African War, 1899-1900. Sir Redvers Buller, born in 1839, is the son of the late Mr. J. W. Buller and the daughter of the late Lord H. M. Howard. He married in 1882 the daughter of the 4th Marquis Townshend and widow of the Hon. G. T. Howard. The General's character has been much discussed, and it is universally allowed that for pluck, obstinacy, and bluntness he cannot find his match. The deeds that won him the Victoria Cross are now world-famous (_see_ vol. i. p. 60), but the public is less acquainted with the story of his gallantry at El-Teb, and the way he saved the situation at the desperate little battle of Tamai. Of this Mr. Charles Lowe, in his interesting book of "Our Greatest Living Soldiers," says: "Buller's square, composed of the 'Gay Gordons,' the Royal Irish, and the 60th Rifles, amongst the ranks of whom he had first won his spurs, had been assailed in the same furious manner as that of Davis, but had blown away all opposition to its advance, about five hundred yards on the right rear of its fellow-brigade, to whose support it now moved up, steady and machine-like, as if on parade. Encouraged by the splendid steadfastness of Buller's embattled men, Davis's disrupted square was quick to rally, and then the two brigades began to rain such an infernal fire of bullets on their savage foe that the latter were forced to break, and the day was won." Of his obstinacy an amusing anecdote is told. While he and Lord Charles Beresford were serving together in Egypt, an argument arose as to the direction to be taken by the river steamer. Each doggedly defended his own opinion, but finally, on gaining the day, Sir Redvers triumphed. "I was right after all!" he cried, when his programme had been fulfilled. "And so was I," replied Lord Charles. "I merely recommended the other because I knew you would go against anything I said!"

=Bullock.=--Lieut.-Col. G. M. Bullock, 2nd Batt. Devonshire Regt. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Brig. Maj. S.E. Dist., 1882-87; Station Staff Off., 1st class, Bengal, 1889-91; D.A.A.G., Bengal, 1891-94. War Service--S. African War, 1899-1900; with Ladysmith Relief Force; Action at Colenso (Despatches); wounded.

=Burdett-Coutts.=--W. Ashmead Bartlett Burdett-Coutts, J.P., M.P. This gentleman, whose dissatisfaction with the hospital arrangements in South Africa caused considerable stir in the country, acted as Correspondent of the _Times_. Mr. Burdett-Coutts, born in America in 1851, is mainly notable in consequence of his marriage with the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, one of the most benevolent and esteemed ladies of the Victorian Era.

=Burger.=--Schalk Burger, the reported "Acting President" of the Transvaal, _vice_ Mr. Kruger, was born at Lydenburg in the year in which the Sand River Convention was signed. His grandfather, one of the original Voortrekkers, had the distinction of having the price of £300 set on his head by the British Government, in consequence of his share in a Natal rebellion. His grandson is more of a politician than a soldier. Enlightened and shrewd, but--progressive though he was inclined to be--he could never have rivalled Mr. Kruger in his influence over his countrymen.

=Burnham.=--F. R. Burnham. This marvellous Canadian scout and tracker was invited by Lord Roberts to join his Staff. He was formerly a cow-boy, and has had unlimited experience of warfare. His hairbreadth 'scapes would form the nucleus of a library of adventure. His services have been invaluable.

=Burn-Murdoch.=--Brigadier-General J. F. Burn-Murdoch, J.P. Entered 1878; Brevet-Colonel, 1st Dragoons, 1898. _Staff Service_--Brigade-Major of Cavalry, 1890-91; Brigade-Major Cavalry Brigade, Aldershot, 1891-94; employed with Egyptian Army, 1894-95; Brigadier-General Cavalry Brigade, South Africa, February 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (medal with clasps; bronze star); Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches, Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel, Egyptian Medal with 2 clasps); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Colonel Burn-Murdoch, born 1859, is the son of the Rev. Canon Burn-Murdoch.

=Buston.=--Lieut.-Col. P. T. Buston, R.E. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps); Hazara Ex., 1888 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Maj.); Hazara Ex., 1891 (Despatches; clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Butcher.=--Lieut.-Col. G. J. Butcher, Army Ordnance Dept. Entered 1880; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Dep.-Assist. Com. Gen. Ord. Store Dept., 1885-95; Assist. Com. Gen. Ord. Store Dept., 1895-96; Ord. Off., 3rd class, 1896-1900; Ord. Off., 2nd class, April 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Byng.=--Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. J. Hedworth G. Byng, 10th Hussars. Entered 1883; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Aldershot, 1897-99; Provost-Marshal, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1884 (medal with clasp; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900, Commanding South African Light Horse. Colonel Byng, born 1862, is a son of the 2nd Earl of Strafford.

=Byron.=--Lieutenant-Colonel J. J. Byron, Royal Australian Artillery. A.D.C. to Lord Roberts. Wounded at Majesfontein.

=Cameron.=--Maj. C. Cameron. Maj. Cameron served with distinction with the Tasmanian Mounted Infantry.

=Campbell.=--Major-General B. B. D. Campbell, M.V.O. Commanding 16th Brigade. Entered 1864; Major-General, 1898. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882; (medal with clasp; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Campbell.=--Lieut.-Col. W. P. Campbell, 2nd Batt. King's Royal Rifle Corps. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., Jan. 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1889-94; Dist. Insp. of Musk., N.W. Dist., 1896-98. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; wounded.

=Capper.=--Lieut.-Col. J. E. Capper, R.E. Entered 1880; Major, 1899. _Staff Service_--Dep. Assist. Dir. of Rlys., S. Africa, 1899. War Service--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1898 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; Commanding Railway Pioneer Regt.

=Carleton.=--Capt. F. M. Carleton, D.S.O., Royal Lancs. Regt., A.D.C. Entered 1888; Capt. W. African Regt., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1896-97; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches); Nile Ex., 1897 (medal); Op. in Sierra Leone, 1898-99 (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force; Spion Kop, slightly wounded.

=Carr.=--Lieut.-Col. E. E. Carr, 2nd Batt. Royal Scots Fusiliers. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1885-90; Dist. Insp. of Musk., N.E. Dist., 1893-96. War Service--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force; severely wounded, 27th Feb.

=Carrington.=--Major-General Sir Frederick Carrington, K.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1897. Entered the 24th Foot as Ensign. Promoted Lieutenant 1867. Commanded Mounted Infantry in the Griqualand Expedition, 1875; and "Carrington's" Horse in the Kaffir War, 1877-81 (Despatches); Commandant of the Transvaal and Volunteer Force (Despatches; Brevet of Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, also C.M.G.); Commanded Cape Mounted Rifles in Basutoland Campaign, 1880-81; promoted to Colonel; Commanded 2nd Mounted Rifles, Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884; promoted Major-General 1893. Commanded Native Levies in the operations in Zululand, 1888. Commanded Infantry Brigade at Gibraltar, 1895. Sir Frederick is the son of Mr. E. Carrington, and was born in 1844. He married the daughter of Mr. Elmes, Colesbourne.

=Carter.=--Lieut.-Col. H. M. Carter, Wilts Regiment. Entered 1868; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Bengal, 1879-81. War Service--Afghan War, 1879 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; severely wounded.

=Carter.=--Lieut.-Col. S. H. Carter. Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C., Sept. 1894. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; Sen. Med. Officer Inf. Div., Natal Field Force.

=Carthew-Yorstoun.=--Lieut.-Col. A. M. Carthew-Yorstoun, The Black Watch. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1890-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Paardeberg; wounded.

=Castletown of Upper Ossory= (2nd Baron).--B. E. Barnaby Fitzpatrick, B.A., Lieutenant-Colonel 4th Leinster Regiment. Retired from the army in 1875. South African War Special Service Officer, including Service under Base Commandant, Cape Town; afterwards A.A.G.

=Cecil.=--Major Lord E. H. Cecil, D.S.O. Entered 1887; Brevet-Major, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Forces, Ireland, 1891-92; Special Service, Egypt, 1896; employed with Egyptian Army, 1898; South Africa, 1899; A.A.G. South Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie, Egyptian medal with 2 clasps; Brevet of Major); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; D.S.O.); South African War, 1899-1900. Lord Edward Cecil, whose splendid ability and services in Mafeking have made him world famous, is a son of the Marquis of Salisbury. He was born in 1867. He married the daughter of Admiral Maxse. Lord Edward's tact, patience, and good sense smoothed over many a perilous situation.

=Chamberlain.=--Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, J.P., M.P., Secretary of State for Colonies, 1895, M.P. for Birmingham, 1876-85, and thrice Mayor; President of Board of Trade, 1880-85; President of Local Government Board, 1886. Mr. Chamberlain, the foremost man in the drama of the Transvaal, the originator of the great Colonial movement which has made a united family of the Empire, began life as an advanced Radical. On the principle that extremes meet, he became at last the chief of the Tory Cabinet. That he is well hated as he is well loved, is the natural consequence of his staunchness in friendship as in antagonism. He has iron nerves, iron will, and an iron constitution with which to wield them. He has supreme confidence in himself, and thus maintains a youthful and cheery optimism even in the face of the vilest abuse which the members of his sometime party take a delight in hurling at him. Mr. Chamberlain, who was born in 1836, has been thrice married: first, to the daughter of Mr. A. Kenrick (mother of Mr. T. Austen Chamberlain, Civil Lord of the Admiralty, M.P.); second, to the daughter of Mr. T. Kenrick; third, to the daughter of Mr. W. Endicott, Secretary for War, U.S., late Judge Supreme Court, U.S., New York, 1888.

=Chamberlain.=--Col. N. F. Fitzgerald, I.S.C. Entered 11th Foot 1873; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen., Afghan Campaign, 1878; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, Madras, 1881-85; Persian Interpreter to Com.-in-Chief in India, 1885-89 (D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Burmese Ex., 1886-87); Col. on Staff, India, 1899; Priv. Sec. to Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces, S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80, wounded (Despatches, Feb., Jan., May, 1880; medal with 4 clasps; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Chauncey.=--Maj. H. Chauncey. This officer rendered valuable service with Lumsden's Horse.

=Chauvel.=--Maj. H. G. Chauvel. This officer distinguished himself with the 1st Contingent of the Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Cheatle.=--G. L. Cheatle, F.R.C.S.; Prizeman in Surgery, King's Coll.; Assist.-Surg. W. Lond. Hosp. and King's Coll. Hosp.; Teacher of Practical Surgery, King's Coll.; late House Surg. and Assist. House Surg., King's Coll. Hosp.; Demonstrator of Surgery and Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy, King's Coll. Mr. Cheatle rendered service of incalculable value at a time of abnormal pressure on the Army Med. Dept.

=Chermside.=--Major-General Sir H. C. Chermside, G.C.M.G., C.B. Commanding Third Division on the departure of General Gatacre. Entered 1870; Major-General, 1898. _Staff Service_--Vice-Consul, Anatolia, 1879-82; D.A.A.G. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1882-83; A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884; Governor-General, Red Sea Littoral, 1884-86; Consul, Koordistan, 1888-89; Military Attaché, Constantinople, 1889-96; Commissioner, Crete, Colonel on Staff, Crete, 1896-99; Major-General, Curragh, 1899; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1899-1900; Lieutenant-General Infantry Division, April 1900. _War Service_--Military Attaché with Turkish troops, Russo-Turkish War, 1876-78 (Turkish medal); Egyptian Expedition, 1882-84 (medal, bronze star, clasp); Soudan Expedition, 1885 (Despatches; clasp, Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); Soudan, 1887 (Brevet of Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Chesham= (3rd Baron).--C. C. W. Cavendish, J.P., D.L., Honorary Colonel Bucks Yeomanry Cavalry. Commanding Brigade Imperial Yeomanry. Entered Coldstream Guards 1870. Lord Chesham, born 1850, retired as Captain from the 16th Lancers in 1879. He married a daughter of the Duke of Westminster.

=Cheyne.=--Watson Cheyne, M.B., F.R.S., Consulting Surgeon. This notable man of science rendered valuable advice and assistance to the medical officers, and worked incessantly to promote the comfort and save the lives of sick and wounded.

=Chichester.=--Capt. Sir E. Chichester, Bart., Royal Navy, C.M.G. Entered Navy 1863; Capt., 1889. _War Service_--Lieut. of _Thalia_ during war in Egypt, 1882; Principal Transport Officer, 1884-85; served on various committees connected with North Sea fisheries; commanded _Immortalité_ in China during Spanish and American War; A.D.C. to Queen, 1899; S. African War, 1899-1900; Naval Transport Officer at Cape Town.

=Chiene.=--J. Chiene, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.S. (Edin.), Prof. of Surg. Edin. Univ. since 1882; Member of the Royal Med. and Surg. Soc., Edin.; Hon. Fellow Surg. Association, America; Educated Edin. and Paris; late President of Roy. Med. Soc., Edin. Rendered valuable service at a time of extreme pressure on the Army Med. Dept.

=Cholmondeley.=--Lieut.-Col. H. C. Cholmondeley, London Rifle Brig., City of London Imperial Volunteers Mounted Inf. Lieut.-Col., Aug. 1889 (late Capt. Rifle Brig.). _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Churchill.=--W. L. Spencer Churchill, M.P., War Correspondent to _Morning Post_, afterwards joined South African Light Horse. Entered the army 1895; retired 1898. This well-known young soldier, writer, and politician is a son of the late Lord Randolph Churchill. Though he was but three years in the army, he contrived to see more service than many officers have done in their whole lives. With the Spanish forces in Cuba, with the Malakand Field Force, with the Tirah Expeditionary Force, with the Nile Expeditionary Force, he was always in the forefront, fighting and writing, until the authorities determined to disassociate the two occupations, whereupon Mr. Churchill exchanged the sword for the pen, and decided to fight for the cause of Imperialism in the House of Commons.

=Clarke.=--Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Marshall Clarke, K.C.M.G., late R.A. Resident Commissioner in Southern Rhodesia. Sir Marshall, who retired from the army in 1882, has had considerable experience--both civil and military--of South Africa. He served in the first Boer War of 1881-82 (Despatches), and commanded the Turkish regiment of Egyptian Gendarmerie in 1882 (Order of Medjidie, 3rd class). Before the Boer War, he had acted as Resident Magistrate at Pietermaritzburg, as A.D.C. to Sir Theophilus Shepstone, as Special Commissioner, South Africa, and as Political Officer and Special Commissioner, Lydenburg. Later on he became Commissioner of Cape Police, then Resident Commissioner in Basutoland, and from 1893 to 1898 was Acting Administrator in Zululand.

=Clarke.=--Colonel R. F. Noel Clarke. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900, Chief Ordnance Officer.

=Clements.=--Major-General R. A. P. Clements, D.S.O. Commanding 12th Brigade; A.D.C. to the Queen. Entered 1874; Colonel, 1899. _Staff Service_--Brigade-Major, Burmese Expedition, 1885; Assistant Provost-Marshal, Burmese Expedition, 1885-86; A.D.C. to Queen, 1896; Major-General Infantry Brigade, Aldershot, 1899; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--South African War, 1877-78-79; (Despatches; medal with clasp); Burmese Expedition, 1885-89, severely and slightly wounded (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900; (Despatches).

=Clery.=--Lieutenant-General C. Francis Clery, K.C.B. Entered 1858; Major-General, 1894. _Staff Service_--Instructor Royal Military College, 1871-72; Professor, Tactics, 1872-75; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Headquarters, Ireland, 1875-77; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Aldershot, 1877-78; Special Service, Cape of Good Hope, 1878-79; Brigade-Major, Expeditionary Force, Egypt, 1882; A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt; D.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1882-85; Brigade-General Chief of Staff, Egypt, 1886-87; Command Staff College, 1888-93; Major-General, Infantry Brigade, Aldershot, 1895-96; D.A.G. to the Forces, Headquarters of Army, 1896-99; Lieutenant-General, Infantry Division, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--South African War, 1879 (Despatches, March and August 1879; medal with clasp; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); Egyptian Expedition, 1884 (Despatches, March and May 1884; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star; promoted Colonel, C.B.); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (clasp); South African War, 1899-1900. General Clery, who is renowned in the class-room as in the field, was born in 1838. In the art of war he has long been the recognised authority, and his "Clery on Tactics," has passed through several editions, and become a text-book in Germany, Russia, America, and Italy. In addition to this work, his influence has made itself felt at the War Office on behalf of the British soldier, to whom he has always been a sincere and practical friend. He is popular in all ranks of society, save perhaps with the Cadets at examination times!

=Clery.=--Col. J. A. Clery, M.B. Col. R.A.M.C., 1899; Principal Medical Officer of the Lines of Communication. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Clowes.=--Lieut.-Col. P. L. Clowes, 8th Hussars. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, Bombay, 1890-91. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Cochrane.=--Hon. T. H. A. E. Cochrane, D.L., J.P., M.P., late of 93rd Highlanders and Scots Guards, is a son of the 11th Earl of Dundonald. He married the daughter of the 6th Earl of Glasgow.

=Coke.=--Major-General J. Talbot Coke. Entered 1859; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjutant, Auxiliary Forces, 1875-81; A.A.G., Headquarters Ireland, 1891-94; Curragh, 1894-96; A.A.G., Aldershot, 1896; D.A.G., Aldershot, 1896-98; Colonel on Staff, Mauritius, 1898-99; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Fenian Raid, Canada, 1866 (medal); Soudan, 1888 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 3rd class Medjidie); Operations on Nile, 1889; South African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force.

=Colleton.=--Lieut.-Col. Sir R. A. W. Colleton, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., May 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Nagpur R.V.C., 1885-86; D.A.A.G. (Musk.) Bengal, 1886-91. _War Service_--Hazara, 1891 (Despatches); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Colvile.=--Major-General Sir H. E. Colvile, K.C.M.G., C.B. Commanding Ninth Division till June 1900. Entered 1870; Major-General, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Cape of Good Hope, 1880-83; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Nile Expedition, 1884-85; A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885-98; employed, Uganda Protectorate, 1893-95; Major-General Infantry Brigade, Gibraltar, 1899; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa; Lieutenant-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1899-1900; Major-General, Gibraltar. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1884 (Despatches, March and May 1884; medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; clasp; C.B.); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; promoted Colonel); Unyora Expedition, 1894 (medal; C.M.G.); South African War, 1899-1900; Kimberley Relief Force (Despatches, January and March 1900). General Colvile, like many keen soldiers and honourable men before him, has discovered that South Africa is "the grave of reputations." Nevertheless, it must not be forgotten, that even in the present war his services during the long and trying time prior to the relief of Kimberley, and the capture of Cronje, were notable, though perhaps his most distinguished service was rendered in the Soudan in 1885 with the Frontier Field Force. Sir H. Colvile was born in 1852, and is the son of the late Colonel C. R. Colvile of Lullington and the daughter of the 23rd Baroness de Clifford of Kirkby Hall. He married, firstly, the daughter of the Hon. R. Daly, and after her death was united in 1886 to the daughter of M. de Préville, Château des Mondraus, Basses Pyrénées.

=Colville.=--Lieut.-Col. A. E. W. Colville, 1st Batt. Rifle Brigade. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst., Curragh Dist., 1891-96; Comdt. Naauwpoort, S. Africa, 22nd Jan. 1900 to 10th Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); Mahsood Wuzeeree Ex., 1881; Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Compton.=--Lord Alwyne F. Compton, M.P., Bedfordshire Yeomanry (Compton's Horse). This officer, born in 1855, is a son of the Marquis of Northampton and the daughter of the late Hon. Sir G. Elliot, K.C.B. He served both in the Grenadier Guards and the 10th Hussars, and was present in the Soudan Campaign of 1884-85.

=Congreve.=--Captain W. R. Congreve, Rifle Brigade. Entered 1885; Captain, 1893. _See_ list of V.C.'s.

=Coningham.=--Lieutenant-Colonel C. Coningham. For career of this gallant officer, who was mortally wounded at Rensburg, _see_ vol. iv. p. 166.

=Cooke.=--Lieut.-Col. E. Cooke. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., Scottish Rifles, 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Cooper.=--Maj.-Gen. C. D. Cooper. Entered 103rd Foot 1868; Brev.-Col., Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1884-89; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Cooper.=--Colonel Harry Cooper. Entered 1865; Colonel, 1896. _Staff Service_--Special Service, Ashanti Expedition, 1873-74; Vice-Consul in Bosnia, 1877-78; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Headquarters, Ireland, 1878-79; Vice-Consul, Asia Minor, 1879-80; D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Headquarters, Ireland, 1882-84; A.D.C. to Viceroy, India, 1884-88; D.A.A.G., Jamaica, 1892-93; D.A.A.G., Dublin, 1893-95; A.A.G. Egypt, 1896-99; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1898; A.A.G., Western District, 1899; Colonel on Staff, Commandant Base, South Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1874 (medal); South African War, 1881-82; Burmese Expedition, 1886 (medal with clasp); Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Egyptian medal; medal); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Cowan.=--Colonel H. V. Cowan. Entered R.A. 1873; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1899. _Staff Service_--Brigade-Major, R.A., Woolwich, 1897-99; Assistant-Military Secretary to G.O.C. the Forces, Ireland, 1899; Assistant-Military Secretary to Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces, South Africa, 1899-1900; Military Secretary to Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces, South Africa, February 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches; medal with 3 clasps); Egyptian Expedition, 1882; severely wounded at Tel-el-Kebir (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie; Brevet of Major); South African War, 1900.

=Cowley= (3rd Earl).--H. A. Mornington, J.P., Imperial Yeomanry. Lord Cowley, born in 1866, was Captain in the 3rd Battalion Wiltshire Regiment. He succeeded his father in 1895. The first Lord Cowley was the brother of the 1st Duke of Wellington.

=Coxhead.=--Lieut.-Col. J. A. Coxhead, R.A. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Capt.-Gen. and Gov.-in-Chief, Jamaica, 1883-87. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Comdg. Brig. Div. R.A., Elandslaagte and Reitfontein; Siege of Ladysmith, slightly wounded.

=Cradock.=--Maj. M. Cradock. This dashing officer commanded the 2nd Contingent of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles.

=Cranborne.=--Viscount, J. E. H. G. Cecil, Q.C., M.A., M.P., Hon. Colonel, 1st Volunteer Battalion Essex Regiment. Lord Cranborne, born in 1861, is the eldest son of the 3rd Marquis of Salisbury. He married the daughter of the 5th Earl of Arran.

=Crawley.=--Col. Crawley, 8th Batt. Imperial Yeomanry. This officer with his corps performed excellent service at the action at Faber's Put.

=Crichton.=--Viscount H. W. Crichton, Royal Horse Guards. Lord Crichton, born in 1872, is the eldest son of the 4th Earl of Erne. He has been acting as A.D.C. to General Brocklehurst.

=Cronje.=--Pietrus Arnoldus Cronje. The Commandant of the Boer Army to whom the Jameson Raiders surrendered at Doornkop. He was responsible for withholding from Colonel Winslow, at the Siege of Potchefstroom in 1881, the fact that an armistice existed, thereby causing unnecessary anguish and distress. In spite of his tricks and tyrannies, he has shown himself a first-class fighter, and a remarkable leader of men. He profoundly detests the British, but the British, while returning the compliment, have a generous appreciation of his abilities.

=Cuming.=--Lieut.-Col. H. B. Cuming. This officer rendered valuable service with the Kaffrarian Rifles.

=Cunningham.=--Brigadier-General Glencairn Cunningham, D.S.O., Derbyshire Regiment. Entered 1881; Brevet-Colonel, 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1886-94; Civil employment, Uganda, 1891-96; Special Extra Regimental Employ, 1896-97; Brig.-General, Mounted Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Expedition, 1882; twice wounded (Despatches, September, November, 1882; medal; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie; Brevet of Major); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (clasp); Soudan, 1887-89; wounded (Despatches; clasp); Unyaro Expedition, 1895; wounded (Despatches; medal); Nandi Expedition, 1895-96 (Despatches, D.S.O.); Operations on the Niger, 1897 (Despatches; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel; medal with clasp); Operations in Sierra Leone, 1898-99 (Despatches; Brevet of Colonel; clasp); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Cunyngham.=--Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Dick-Cunyngham, #V.C.# Commanding 2nd Battalion Gordon Highlanders till 6th January 1900 (see vol. iii. p. 89).

=Cure.=--Major H. Capel Cure, D.S.O. 1st Battalion Gloucester Regiment. Entered 1878; Major, 1895. _Staff Service_--Special Service, Burmese Expedition, 1887-88. _War Service_--Burmese Expedition, 1886-87 (Despatches; medal with clasp, D.S.O.); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Curran.=--Lieut.-Col. A. E. R. Curran, 1st Batt. Manchester Regt. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1884-99. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Elandslaagte, wounded.

=Dalgety.=--Lieut.-Col. E. H. Dalgety, The gallant defender of Wepener. _See_ vol. v. p. 54.

=Dalrymple-Hamilton.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. N. de C. Dalrymple-Hamilton, Scots Guards. Entered 1871; Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj. Home Dist., 1883-85; Brig.-Maj. Guards Brigade Ex. Force, Suakin, 1885; Brig.-Maj. Home Dist., 1890; A.D.C. to G.O.C., S. Dist., 1891-93; A.D.C. to G.O.C., Aldershot, 1893-94. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex. (medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex. 1885, wounded (clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Kimberley Relief Force; Belmont, seriously wounded.

=Dalrymple-Hay.=--Brev. Lieut.-Col. J. R. M. Dalrymple-Hay, West India Regt., Comdt. at Volksrust. Entered 21st Foot 1879; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Garr. Adjt., Cape Coast Castle, 1889-90; Adjt. Volunteers 1891-96; Special Service, S. Africa. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881 (Despatches); W. Africa, 1897-98 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Op. in Sierra Leone, 1898-99 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Special Service Officer; afterwards Station Comdt. and Dist. Commissioner.

=Dalzell.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. A. E. Dalzell, 1st Batt. Oxfordshire Light Infantry. Entered 12th Foot 1870; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Brig., Malta, 1884-85; Insp. of Gymnasia, Bengal and Punjab, 1892-96. _War Service_--Burma, 1889-92; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Dartnell.=--Colonel J. G. D. Dartnell, C.M.G. Colonel commanding Natal Volunteers and Mounted Police (_see_ vol. iii. p. 167). Entered 1855; Retired 1864. This gallant officer, born in 1838, was severely wounded while serving with the Central India Field Force in 1857 (medal and clasp; Brevet-Major). He acted as A.D.C. to General Tombs in the Bhootan Expedition, and served at Isandhlwana under Lord Chelmsford.

=Davidson.=--Lieut.-Col. W. L. Davidson, R.H.A. Entered 1869; Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. (extra) to Com.-in-Chief in India, 1875-76; A.D.C. to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Gibraltar, 1881-82; Col. on Staff for R.A., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879; Ulundi, slightly wounded (Despatches; medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1880 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Davies.=--Maj. R. H. Davies. Major Davies rendered excellent service with the 4th Contingent New Zealand Mounted Rifles.

=Dawson.=--Lieut.-Col. H. L. Dawson, 9th Bengal Lancers. Entered 2nd Foot 1873; Lieut.-Col. I.S.C., 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); Tirah, 1897-98 (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; Commanding Mounted Inf. Corps.

=De la Warr= (8th Earl).--G. T. R. Sackville, D.L., J.P. Lord de la Warr, born 1869, is the second son of the 7th Earl and the daughter of the 1st Lord Lamington. He married the daughter of Lord Brassey. He joined Bethune's Horse, and was present at the unlucky affair near Vryheid (_see_ vol. v. p. 177).

=De Lisle.=--Lieutenant-Colonel H. de B. de Lisle, D.S.O., Durham Light Infantry. Entered 1883; Captain (Adjutant, Durham Light Infantry, 1892-96). _War Service_--Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; medal; D.S.O.); South African War, 1899-1900, severely wounded; Commanding Mounted Infantry Corps (Despatches). This dashing officer, who has made himself remarkable for his talent in the field during this war, has long been associated with polo, and sport of all kinds. He was born in 1864, and is the son of the late Mr. R. de Lisle, Guernsey.

=De Montmorency.=--Hon. R. H. de Montmorency, #V.C.# For distinguished career _see_ vol. iv. p. 167.

=Denison.=--Major S. J. A. Denison, The Royal Canadian Regt. of Infantry. This officer performed valuable service as A.D.C. to the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief.

=Denman= (3rd Baron).--T. Denman. Lord Denman, who was formerly in the Royal Scots, served with the Imperial Yeomanry.

=De Villiers.=--Right Hon. Sir John Henry de Villiers, K.C.M.G. Chief-Justice, Cape of Good Hope.

=Dewar.=--Lieut.-Col. G. Dewar, Army Pay Dept. Entered 1880; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Soudan, 1885-86 (medal; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=De Wet.=--Sir Jacobus Albertus de Wet, K.C.M.G. Formerly Member of Legislative Council of Cape Colony, and then British Agent in the Transvaal.

=De Wet.=--Christian de Wet, Commandant of Boer Forces. This brilliant Dutchman, who clasped about him the mantle of Cronje, was said to have been a butcher at Barberton, and a potato dealer in Johannesburg. Whatever his past, he certainly missed his vocation, for he is undoubtedly a born warrior and keen sportsman. Though he can scarcely be described as a great general, he may be called a bold and cunning Guerilla chief; a man whose powerful and dominating personality is endowed with both the magnetism and the passion of a leader. He displays withal a sense of soldierly chivalry, and has striven to contend against the treacherous and cruel instincts of his rude followers.[20]

=Dickson.=--Major-General J. B. B. Dickson, C.B., commanding 4th Cavalry Brigade. Entered 1860; Colonel (Staff employ), 1897. _Staff Service_--Special Service, Cape of Good Hope, 1879; D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Nile Expedition, 1884-85; Colonel on Staff (commanding Cavalry Brigade), Eastern District, 1897-99; Colonel on Staff, Straits Settlements, 1899-1900; Major-General, Cavalry Brigade, South Africa, February 1900. _War Service_--South African War, 1879 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85, severely wounded (medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Dickson-Poynder= (6th Bart.).--Captain Sir J. Poynder Dickson-Poynder, J.P., M.P. (Wilts Yeomanry), born in 1866, was formerly in the 3rd Battalion Royal Scots.

=Donald.=--Lieut.-Col. C. G. Donald. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col. Royal Fusiliers, 1898. Staff Service--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Madras, May 1883 to Dec. 1884, and Dec. 1884 to Jan. 1886. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Donne.=--Lieut.-Col. B. D. A. Donne, Royal Sussex Regiment. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1883-93. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (clasp); Soudan, 1888-89 (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Major); Actions of Arghiri and Toski (Despatches; clasp; 3rd class Medjidie); Tirah, 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Donovan.=--Lieutenant-Colonel W. Donovan, R.A.M.C. Principal Medical Officer Staff, Cavalry Division. Entered 1872; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1896. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); Boer War, 1881; Chitral Relief Force, 1895 (Despatches; medal with clasp).

=Douglas.=--Major-General C. W. H. Douglas. Commanding 9th Brigade. Entered 1869; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--Special Service Expeditionary Force, Suakim, 1885; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885; Adjutant Volunteers, 1886-91; Brigade-Major, Aldershot, and D.A.A.G., 1893-98; A.A.G., Aldershot, 1898-99; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1898; A.A.G., South Africa, 1899-1900; Major-General Infantry Brigade, South Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (Despatches, July and December 1880; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star; Brevet of Major); South African War, 1881; Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900; Kimberley Relief Force (Despatches).

=Douglas.=--Lieut.-Col. W. Douglas, Royal Scots. Entered 1st Foot, 1878; Major, 1895. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Militia, 1888-93. War Service--Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85; S. African War, 1899-1900; Comdt. De Wet's Dorp.

=Douglas-Pennant.=--Hon. E. Sholto Douglas-Pennant, M.P., J.P., D.L., was born in 1864, and married in 1887 to the daughter of Lord Southampton. From 1885 to 1891 he served in the 1st Life Guards.

=Downe= (8th Viscount).--Colonel Sir Hugh R. Dawnay, C.I.E., M.A., Bart. Entered 1865; Colonel, 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Major-General Cavalry Brigade, Cape of Good Hope, 1879-82; A.D.C. to Major-General, Bengal, 1883-85; A.D.C. to Commander-in-Chief, 1892-95; Colonel on Staff Commanding Cavalry Brigade, Curragh, 1897-99; A.D.C. to Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces, South Africa, 1899; Staff Officer for Military Attachés, February to July 1900. _War Service_--South African War, 1879 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brevet of Major); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Downing.=--Maj.-Gen. C. M. H. Downing, R.A. Entered 1866; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Chief Inst. Sch. of Gunnery, 1897-99; Col. on Staff for R.A., Natal, 1899; Col. on Staff for R.A., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen. for R.A., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Abyssinian Ex., 1867-68 (medal); Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith; O.C. Corps Artillery; afterwards O.C. R.A.

=Drury.=--Col. C. W. Drury, A.D.C. This notable officer commanded the Royal Canadian Artillery.

=Dudley= (2nd Earl).--W. Humble Ward, Major Worcester Yeomanry Cavalry. _War Service_--South African War, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G. Imperial Yeomanry.

=Duff.=--Colonel Beauchamp Duff, C.I.E. Entered, Royal Artillery, 1874; Major, Indian Staff Corps, 1894; Colonel, 1898. Staff Service--D.A.A.G., Bengal, 1891-95; Military Secretary to Commander-in-Chief, India, 1895-99; Assistant Military Secretary for Indian Affairs; Headquarters of Army, 1899; Assistant Military Secretary to Lieutenant-General of Natal, 1899-1900; A.A.G. South African War, 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal); Isazai Expedition, 1892; Waziristan Expedition, 1894-95 (Despatches, June and July 1895; medal with clasp; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Dundonald= (12th Earl).--Major-General Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane, Bart., M.V.O. Entered, 2nd Life Guards, 1870; Colonel, 1889. _Staff Service_--Colonel on Staff Irregular Mounted Brigade, South Africa, 1899-1900; Major-General Cavalry Brigade, South Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900. Lord Dundonald, who took so prominent a part in the relief of Ladysmith and the subsequent sweeping of Natal and the Eastern Transvaal, was born in 1852. He is the son of the 11th Earl and the daughter of the late Mr. W. A. Mackinnon, of Mackinnon, M.P. He comes of a fine fighting race, the 10th Earl (Lord Cochrane) having distinguished himself not only in destroying Napoleon's fleet in 1809, but subsequently during the wars for the independence of Chili and Peru, and in Brazil. His kinsman promises to make as great a mark in history.

=Earle.=--Major Sir H. Earle, Bart., D.S.O. Entered 1876; Major, York. Light Infantry, 1894. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Brigadier-General, Expeditionary Force, Egypt, 1882; Adjutant, Volunteers, 1891-96. _War Service_--Jowaki Expedition, 1877 (medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (medal); Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Burmese Expedition, 1886-89 (Despatches; 2 clasps, D.S.O.); Operations on North-West Frontier of India, severely wounded (medal with 2 clasps); South African War, 1899-1900, severely wounded (Despatches).

=Eddy.=--Maj. Eddy. This gallant officer, who did splendid service with the Victorian Mounted Rifles, was killed in action.

=Edge.=--Lieutenant-Colonel J. D. Edge, R.A.M.C. Principal Medical Officer, Staff, Third Division. Entered 1871; Lieutenant-Colonel, 1896. _War Service_--Engagement Orange Walk, B. Honduras, 1872 (Promoted Staff Surgeon); South African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1879-80 (thanked by Government of India; medal with clasp); Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star; 4th class Osmanieh); Burmese Expedition, 1887-89 (medal with 2 clasps); South African War, 1899-1900, Stormberg.

=Edwards.=--Lieut.-Col. A. H. M. Edwards (5th Dragoon Guards), Commanding Imperial Light Horse. Entered 1883; Major, 1897. _Staff Service_--A.A.G., S. Africa, May 1900. _War Service_--Hazara Ex., 1888 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith, wounded 6th Jan.

=Elliot.=--C. Bletterman Elliott LL.B., C.M.G. General Manager of Cape Government Railways.

=Elliot.=--Maj. Sir Henry George Elliot, K.C.M.G., created 1899; Chief Magistrate, Tembuland, Cape of Good Hope. Born 1826; son of the late Maj. J. F. Elliot. Married, first, 1865, a daughter of Mr. J. Drummond; second, 1879, a daughter of Mr. W. Gardner. Entered the Army, Royal Marines, 1841; retired (Major), 1870; served in the Crimea, 1854-55, including Sebastopol and Balaclava (Despatches; medal with clasp; Turkish medal; 5th class Medjidie); S. Africa, 1877-78 (C.M.G.).

=Eloff.=--Grandson of President Kruger. This young man, some years ago, made himself obnoxious in consequence of his disrespectful reference to her Majesty the Queen. He would otherwise have earned the esteem of even his enemies for the enterprise of his assault on Mafeking (_see_ vol. v. p. 109).

=Ennismore= (Viscount).--R. Granville Hare. Captain 4th Battalion Royal Munster Fusiliers. Lord Ennismore, born 1866, is the son of the 3rd Earl of Listowel, and was formerly in the 1st Life Guards.

=Erasmus.=--Boer Commandant, son of the sometime Acting President of the South African Republic.

=Erroll.=--(19th Earl of).--Brigadier-General Charles Gore, LL.D., D.L. Entered R.H.G., 1869; Colonel, 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Commander-in-Chief; A.A.G., under I.G. of Cavalry, 1898-99; Special Service, South Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., South Africa. January, 1900; March 1900; Brigadier-General, Imperial Yeomanry Brigade, South Africa, March, 1900. _War Service_--South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Escombe.=--Right Hon. Harry Escombe, P.C., LL.D. Commandant of Naval Natal Volunteers, and late Prime Minister and Attorney-General of Natal. Sir Harry Escombe, who died at the close of 1899, was intimately associated with affairs connected with Natal, and universally esteemed.

=Essex= (7th Earl of).--G. Devereux de Vere Capell, J.P. Lord Essex was formerly in the Grenadier Guards. He retired in 1882, but instantly offered his services when the need for them arose.

=Eustace.=--Lieut.-Col. F. J. W. Eustace, R.H.A. Entered 1870; Col., Feb. 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. Comg. Afghan Campaign, 1880; A.D.C. (prov.) to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1881-82; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1883-84; A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches, May 1900).

=Evans.=--Lieut.-Col. E. S. Evans, Royal Munster Fusiliers. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1896. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Evans.=--Maj. R. W. Evans. Commanded Natal Mounted Rifles, Ladysmith.

=Evans.=--Lieut.-Col. T. D. B. Evans. This dashing officer rendered valuable service with the Royal Canadian Dragoons.

=Ewart.=--Lieut.-Col. J. S. Ewart, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders, A.A.G. Entered 1881; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Garr. Adjt., Egypt, 1885-86; A.D.C. to G.O.C. Scottish Dist., 1893-94; A.M.S. to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Malta, 1894-98; D.A.A.G., W. Dist., 1898-99; Special Service, Natal, 1899; Brig. Maj. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (clasp); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; 5th class Medjidie); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Exham.=--Colonel R. Exham, R.A.M.C., P.M.O., Natal Field Force. Entered 1871; Colonel, 1899.

=Fairholme.=--Major W. E. Fairholme, C.M.G., R.A. Entered 1879; Major, 1897. _Staff Service_--Staff Captain (Intelligence), Headquarters of Army, 1893-94; D.A.A.G. (Intelligence), Headquarters of Army, 1894-98; employed with Turco-Greek Boundary Commission, 1898; Assistant-Commissioner, Crete, 1898-99; Special Service, South Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., South Africa, 1899-1900; Assistant-Military Secretary to Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Gibraltar, July 1900. _War Service_--South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Festing.=--Major A. H. Festing, D.S.O. (Royal Irish Rifles). Entered 1888; Brevet-Major, 1898. _Staff Service_--Special Extra Regimental Employ, 1895-98; employed with West African Frontier Force, 1898-1900; Special Service, Rhodesian Field Force, 1900. _War Service_--Operations on Niger, 1896-97 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brevet of Major); West Africa, 1896-97-98 (Despatches, D.S.O.); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Fetherstonhaugh.=--Major-General R. S. R. Fetherstonhaugh. Entered 1867; Colonel, August 1900. _Staff Service_--Station Commandant, South Africa, 1899; Infantry Brigade, South Africa, Nov. 1899, Feb. 1900; Major-General, Infantry Brigade, Aldershot, August 1900. _War Service_--South African War, 1879; Soudan Expedition, 1885 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900, wounded Belmont (Despatches).

=Fiaschi.=--Maj. J. H. Fiaschi, New South Wales Medical Staff Corps. This officer has made himself notable for the zeal and skill with which his humane duties were carried out, and the efficient condition in which he kept the ambulance under his command.

=Fincastle= (Viscount).--A. E. Murray, #V.C.#, Captain 16th Lancers. Entered 1891; Captain, 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Viceroy, India, 1895 and 1897; Special Service, Egypt, 1896; A.D.C. to Lieutenant-General, Infantry Division, South Africa, April 1900; _War Service_--Operations on North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; November 1897, January and April 1898, #V.C.#); Dongola Expedition, 1896 (medal); South African War, 1899-1900. This notable officer, born 1871, is the eldest son of the 7th Earl of Dunmore.

=Finlayson.=--Lieut.-Col. R. A. Finlayson. This officer commanded with distinction the Kimberley Regiment, composed of the Diamond Fields Horse and Kaffrarian Rifles.

=Fisher.=--Lieut.-Col. R. B. W. Fisher, 10th Hussars. Entered 1874; Brev.-Col., Aug. 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches, May and Dec. 1880; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star); Mahsood Wuzeeree Ex., 1881 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches, May 1900).

=Fitton.=--Major H. G. Fitton, D.S.O. Entered Royal Berks Regiment 1884; Brevet-Major, 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1894-99; D.A.A.G., South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1885; Suakim (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan, 1885-86; Expedition to Dongola, 1896, wounded (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Expedition, 1897 (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches; Brevet of Major, 2 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Fitz Clarence.=--Captain C. Fitz Clarence, Royal Fusiliers; Special Service, Mafeking, twice wounded. _See_ V.C. list.

=Fitzgerald.=--Sir T. N. Fitzgerald, L.R.C.S., Ireland, 1857; F.R.C.S., 1884; Senior Surg., Melbourne Hosp.; Consulting Surg., St. Vincent Hosp., Melbourne. Born Ireland, 1838; late President Inter-Colonial Medical Congress of Australasia; President of Medical Society of Victoria, 1883-89. Sir T. Fitzgerald rendered valuable service at a time of abnormal pressure on the Army Medical Dept.

=Flint.=--Lieut.-Col. E. M. Flint, R.A. Entered 1871; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1883-88. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Folkestone= (Viscount).--J. Pleydell Bouverie, M.P. Major, 1st Wilts Rifle Volunteers. Eldest son of the 5th Earl of Radnor.

=Ford-Hutchinson.=--Captain J. H. Ford-Hutchinson, D.S.O., Connaught Rangers. Entered 1885; Captain, 1891. _Staff Service_--Special Service, Egypt, 1896-97; employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; Railway Staff Officer, South Africa, June 1900. _War Service_--Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Egyptian medal); Nile Expedition, 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; D.S.O; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Forestier-Walker.=--Lieutenant-General Sir T. W. E. F. Forestier-Walker, K.C.B., C.M.G. Entered, S. F. Guards, 1862; Lieutenant-General, 1895. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Major-General, Mauritius, 1866-67; Assistant Military Secretary to G.O.C. Cape of Good Hope, 1873-78; Military Secretary to Governor, Cape of Good Hope, 1878; Special Service, Cape of Good Hope, 1878-79; A.A. and Q.M.G., Home District, 1882; A.A. and Q.M.G., South Africa, 1884-85; Brigadier-General, Aldershot, 1889-90; Major-General, Egypt, 1890-93; Lieutenant-General, Western District, 1895-99; Lieutenant-General, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Expedition to Griqualand West, 1875; South African War, 1878-79 (Despatches, March and May 1879; medal with clasp; C.B.); Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-85 (honourably mentioned; C.M.G.); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Fortescue.=--Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. C. G. Fortescue, C.M.G., Rifle Brigade. Entered 1881; Brevet-Colonel, 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed Gold Coast, 1897-99; Private Secretary to Secretary of State for War, 1899; Brigade-Major, Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Burmese Expedition, 1888-89 (medal with clasp); West Africa, 1897-98 (Despatches; C.M.G.; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Fortescue.=--Commander Hon. Seymour J. Fortescue, M.V.O., Naval A.D.C. to Commander-in-Chief. Entered Navy, 1869; Commander, 1890. This distinguished officer, lately Equerry-in-Waiting to the Prince of Wales, served in 1882 in the bombardment of Alexandria in the Egyptian War (medal; clasp; Khedive's Star); in the Soudan (Suakim clasp). He is a son of the 3rd Earl Fortescue.

=Foster.=--Colonel W. H. Foster, M.P. Commanding Yeomanry Cavalry. This gallant officer, who for many years has been associated with the 2nd West Yorks. Yeomanry Cavalry, volunteered immediately he found the country had need of his services. Like many other wealthy and notable volunteers, he had everything to lose and nothing to gain in fighting his country's battles save the esteem of a grateful nation.

=Fowler.=--Captain J. S. Fowler, R.E., D.S.O. Entered 1886; Captain, 1895. _Staff Service_--Director of Telegraphs, Orange River Colony, 1900. _War Service_--Isazai Expedition, 1892; Operations in Chitral, 1895; wounded (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with clasp); Operations on North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; 2 clasps); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Fowler.=--Sir Thomas Fowler, Bart., Lieut. 2nd Battalion Royal Wilts Yeomanry Cavalry.

=Franks.=--Mr. Kendal Franks, M.B., F.R.C.S.I., Consulting Surgeon. Mr. Franks rendered untiring service by using his skill for the benefit of the sick and wounded, and thus saving many valuable lives.

=French.=--Lieutenant-General John Denton Pinkstone French. Commanding Cavalry Division. Entered 1874; Major-General, 21st February 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjutant, Auxiliary Forces, 1881-84; A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1895-97; Colonel on Staff, Commanding Cavalry Brigade, S.E. District, 1897-99; Major-General, Cavalry Division, Aldershot, 1899; Major-General, Cavalry, Natal, 1899; Lieutenant-General, Cavalry Division, South Africa, October 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); South African War, 1899-1900; Elandslaagte; Relief of Kimberley (promoted Major-General for distinguished service; Despatches). General French, who is now world famous, was born in 1852. He is a brother of the well-known Commandant of Colonial Forces, New South Wales, who himself volunteered for service in South Africa, and was informed that his services were too valuable to be spared.

=Gallwey.=--Lieut.-Col. E. J. Gallwey, 2nd Batt. Somersetshire Light Infantry. Entered 1870; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1885-90; Comdt. Sch. of Inst. for Mil. and Vols., Aldershot, 1891. _War Service_--S. African War, 1878-79; Sekukuni and Zulu Campaigns; Ulundi (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Gallwey.=--Colonel T. J. Gallwey, C.B., M.D., R.A.M.C., P.M.O., Second Division. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Egyptian Expedition, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (Despatches; clasp; promoted Surgeon-Major); Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; C.B.; Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Expedition, 1897; Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; promoted Colonel; 2 clasps, Egyptian medal); South African War, 1899-1900.

=Garstin.=--Col. A. A. Garstin, A.A.G. Entered 1871; Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Ex. Force, Suakin, 1885; Spec. Serv., South Africa, Feb. to April 1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Spec. Serv. Officer, and on Staff.

=Gascoigne.=--Captain E. F. O. Gascoigne, D.S.O. Entered Grenadier Guards, 1892. _Staff Service_--Brigade-Major, Aldershot, January 1900; South Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Gatacre.=--Lieutenant-General Sir W. F. Gatacre, K.C.B., D.S.O. Commanding Third Division till May 1900. Entered, 77th Foot, 1862; Major-General, 1898. _Staff Service_--Instructor in Surv. Royal Military College, 1875-79; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Aldershot, 1879-80; A.A.G., Madras, 1880-81; D.Q.M.G., India, 1885-90; Adjutant-General, Bombay, 1890-94; Brigade-General, India, 1894-97; Major-General, Infantry Brigade, Aldershot, 1897-98; Major-General commanding Brigade, Egypt, 1898; Major-General commanding Division, Soudan Expedition Force, 1898; Major-General, E. District, 1898-99; Lieutenant-General, Infantry Division, S. Africa, 1899-1900; Major-General, E. District, June 1900. _War Service_--Hazara Expedition, 1888 (Despatches; medal with clasp; D.S.O); Burma, 1889-90 (clasp); Operations in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; C.B.); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; K.C.B., 2nd class Medjidie; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps; medal); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Gawne.=--Lieutenant-Colonel J. M. Gawne, R. Lanc. Regt. Entered 1874; Colonel, February 1900. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Egypt, 1895-97. _War Service_--South African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-85; South African War; died of wounds received in action, December 1900.

=Gerard.=--Col. Lord W. C. Gerard, Hon. Col. Lancs. Hussars Yeomanry Cavalry. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; A.D.C. to G.O.C. Natal.

=Gifford.=--Hon. Maurice R. Gifford, C.M.G. This remarkable officer, now associated with the Rhodesian Horse, is the son of 2nd Baron Gifford. He has seen an immense amount of fighting in various parts of the world. He served in the Egyptian Campaign, 1882; as scout in Canada (medal and clasp); and again in the Matabele Campaign of 1893 (medal). He raised "Gifford's Horse" in the Matabele Rebellion, 1896, when he lost an arm. His services were rewarded with the C.M.G.

=Girouard.=--Lieutenant-Colonel E. P. C. Girouard, D.S.O., R.E. Entered, Royal Engineers, 1888; Brevet-Major, 1899. _Staff Service_--Railway Traffic Manager, Royal Arsenal, 1890-95; employed with Egyptian Army, 1896-98; Special Extra Regimental Employ, 1898-99; Director of Railways, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches, D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Expedition, 1897 (Despatches; clasp to Egyptian medal; Brevet of Major); South African War; on Staff. Colonel Girouard is generally recognised as one of the foremost organisers and engineers of his day, and it has been said that what he does not know of his craft "is not knowledge." He was born at Montreal in 1867, and educated at the Royal Military College, Kingston.

=Gleichen.=--Count Albert Edward W. Gleichen, C.M.G., Major. Entered Grenadier Guards, 1881; Major, 1898. _Staff Service_--Equerry to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 1892; Extra Equerry to H.M. the Queen, 1892; Staff Captain, Headquarters of Army, 1895-98; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1898-99; Special Service, South Africa, and D.A.A.G., 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Expedition, 1884-85 (medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Egyptian medal); South African War, 1899-1900; Kimberley Relief Force; severely wounded (Despatches, January 1900).

=Godfray.=--Lieut.-Col. J. W. Godfray, King's Own Scottish Borderers. Entered 1871; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1881-82; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Jersey, 1882-87; D.A.A.G., Cyprus, 1893-94. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal with clasp); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Goggin.=--Lieut.-Col. G. T. Goggin, R.A.M.C., Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Sen. Med. Officer Inf. Div.

=Goold-Adams.=--Major H. J. Goold-Adams C.M.G., C.B., Resident Commissioner in Bechuanaland. Entered 1878; Major, 1895. _Staff Service_--Employed with Bechuanaland Border Police Force, 1895; Delimitation Duties, Bechuanaland, 1895-96; Delimitation Duties, Barotseland, 1896-97; Resident Commissioner, Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1897; Special Service, South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Expedition, 1884-85; Commanded in Matabeleland, 1893.

=Gordon.=--Brig.-Gen. J. R. P. Gordon, Commanding 3rd Cav. Brig. Entered 1879; Lieut.-Col., Feb. 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj. Gen., Madras, 1887-89; Adjt., Yeom. Cav., 1889-91; Spec. Serv., Lagos, 1892; Recruiting Staff Officer, 2nd class, Dublin, 1892-94, London, 1894-96 (Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96). Brig.-Gen. Cav. Brig., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1880 (medal); S. African War, 1881; Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85; Burmese Ex., 1887 (Despatches; G.G.O. 864 of '87; medal with clasp); Ex. against the Yebus Lagos, 1892 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Gordon.=--Col. J. M. Gordon. This gallant officer commanded the South Australian Bushmen.

=Gore.=--Lieut.-Col. St. J. C. Gore, Commanding 5th Dragoon Guards. Entered 1879; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.M.S. and A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gov., Bengal, July to Oct. 1898. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Elandslaagte.

=Gorringe.=--Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. Gorringe, D.S.O., R.E. Entered, Royal Engineers, 1888; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel, March 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1893-99; A.D.C. to Major-General (Chief of Staff), South Africa, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G., South Africa, February 1900. _War Service_--Expedition to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches, D.S.O.); Nile Expedition, 1897 (Despatches; Brevet of Major); Nile Expedition, 1898 (Despatches, May and September 1898; 4th class Medjidie; clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); Nile Expedition, 1899 (Despatches; Brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel); South African War; on Staff.

=Gough.=--Maj. H. de la P. Gough, 16th Lancers. Entered 1889; Capt., 1894. _Staff Service_--S. Africa. _War Service_--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; Special Service Officer. This excellent Cavalry officer distinguished himself as a leader of the Composite Regiment, Mounted Infantry, during the operations for the relief of Ladysmith.

=Graham.=--Lieut.-Col. E. R. C. Graham, Cheshire Regiment. Entered 1878; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Headquarters Madras, 1895; A.A.G. India, 1895-99; Assist. Prov.-Marshal, S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Graham.=--Major H. W. G. Graham, D.S.O. Entered 1884; Major, 5th Lancers, 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed with Gold Coast Constabulary, 1888-90; employed with Egyptian Army, 1891-93; Special Service, Ashanti, 1895-96; D.A.A.G., Natal, 1898-99; A.A.G., South Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Operations on West Coast of Africa, 1889 (Despatches; D.S.O.); Ashanti Expedition, 1895-96 (honourably mentioned; star); North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Tirah, 1897-98 (clasp); South African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Grant.=--Captain P. G. Grant, R.E. Entered 1888; Captain, 1899. _War Service_--Operations in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); South African War, 1899-1900; A.D.C. to G.O.C. Infantry Division.

=Greene.=--Lieut.-Col. E. M. Greene, Commanding Natal Carabineers.

=Greer.=--Lieut.-Col. J. Greer, Dir. of Mil. Postal Services. S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Grenfell.=--Lieut.-Col. H. M. Grenfell. Entered 1st Life Guards 1892; Brev.-Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--Spec. Extra Regimental Employment, 1895-96; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Egypt, 1897-98; A.D.C., and afterwards A.M.S., to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Malta, 1899; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, 1898; Brev. of Maj.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Commanding Regt. Brabant's Horse.

=Grierson.=--Lieut.-Col. J. M. Grierson, R.A., M.V.O. Entered 1877; Brev.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--D.A.Q.M.G., Indian Cont. Exped. Force, Egypt, 1882; Spec. Serv. Exped. Force, Suakim, 1885; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885; Station Staff Officer, Bengal, 1889; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1890-94; Brig.-Maj. R. A., Aldershot, 1895-96; Mil. Attaché, Berlin, 1896-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1900; Staff Officer; D.A.G., China. _War Service_--Egyptian Exped., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Soudan Exped., 1885 (Despatches; clasp); Hazara Exped. (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Grove.=--Lieut.-Col. A. W. S. Grove, Royal West Kent Regiment. Entered 1873; Brev. Lieut.-Col., Aug. 1900. _Staff Service_--Garr. Inst., Egypt, 1884; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884-85; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Canada, 1885-87; D.A.A.G., E. Dist., 1887-88. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.); Soudan Ex., 1884-85; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Guest.=--Hon. Ivor Guest, M.P. Imperial Yeomanry. Mr. Guest, who is the eldest son of Lord Wimborne, was born in 1873. He volunteered with other patriotic politicians in England's "dark hour."

=Guinness.=--Lieut.-Col. H. W. N. Guinness, Royal Irish Regt. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Guinness.=--Hon. Rupert E. C. L. Guinness. Mr. Guinness, a notable oarsman, is another patriotic nobleman who placed his services at the disposal of his country. He is the eldest son of Lord Iveagh, and was born in 1874.

=Haig.=--Major Douglas Haig. Entered 1885; Major, 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Insp. Gen. of Cavalry, 1894-95; Employed with Egyptian Army, 1898; Brig.-Maj. Cav. Brig., Aldershot, 1899; D.A.A.G., Natal, 1899; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Nile Exped., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; E. medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff (Despatches).

=Hall.=--Lieut.-Col. R. H. Hall, Commanded 1st Batt. South Lancashire Regt. on death of Col. M'Carthy O'Leary. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., Feb. 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Halliwell.=--Maj. H. L. Halliwell (late Royal Scots). This officer rendered valuable service with the Queenstown Rifle Volunteers.

=Hamilton.=--Maj.-Gen. Bruce M. Hamilton. Entered 1877; Brev.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Gov., Bombay, 1883-85 and 1885-89; D.A.A.G., S. Dist., 1894-97; Special Service, Ashanti, 1895-96 (Employed with Niger Coast Protectorate, 1897); A.A.G. S. Africa, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen., Inf. Brig., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1881 (Despatches); Burmese Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; star); Benin Ex., 1897 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; with Ladysmith Relief Force; Colenso; Operations 17th to 24th Jan.; wounded.

=Hamilton.=--Lieut. Hon. G. G. Hamilton. This officer, serving in Compton's Horse, was formerly in the Scots Guards. He is the eldest son of Baron Hamilton of Dalzell.

=Hamilton.=--Major H. I. W. Hamilton, D.S.O. Entered 1880; Major R. W. Surr. Reg., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Gen. 3rd Inf. Brig., Aldershot, 1896-97; employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Burmese Exped., 1886-88 (medal with clasp); Nile Exped., 1897; Nile Exped., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept., 1898, D.S.O.); Nile Exped., 1899; S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Hamilton.=--Lieut.-Gen. Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, C.B., D.S.O. Entered 1872. Col., Gordon Highlanders, 1898. _Staff Services_--A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, Madras, 1882-85; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1886-90; A.A.G., Bengal, 1890-93; Mil. Sec. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1893-95; D.Q.M.G. in India, 1895-98; Comdt., Sch. of Musk., 1898-99; A.A.G., Natal, 1899; Maj.-Gen., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Lieut.-Gen., Mounted Inf. Div., S. Africa, 10th April 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1881, severely wounded (Despatches); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; C.B.); Op. on N.W. Front. of India, 1898 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900; Elandslaagte; Siege of Ladysmith. This distinguished officer, born in 1853, is the son of Col. C. M. Hamilton and the daughter of the 3rd Viscount Gort. He married in 1877 the daughter of Sir John Muir, Bart. No better idea of his remarkable personality can be obtained than that suggested by the graphic pen of Mr. Winston Churchill in his unique record of the campaign: "A man of more than middle height, spare, keen-eyed, and of commanding aspect. His highly nervous temperament, animating what appears a frail body, imparts to all his movements a kind of feverish energy. Two qualities of his mind stand forward prominently from the rest. He is a singularly good and rapid judge of character. He takes a very independent view on all subjects, sometimes with a slight bias towards or affection for their Radical and Democratic aspects, but never, or hardly ever, influenced by the set of people with whom he lives. To his strong personal charm as a companion, to his temper, never ruffled or vexed either by internal irritation or the stir and contrariness of events, his friends and those who have served under him will bear witness. He has a most happy gift of expression, a fine taste in words, and an acute perception of the curious, which he has preserved from his literary days. But it is as a whole that we should judge. His mind is built upon a big scale, being broad and strong, capable of thinking in army corps, and, if necessary, in continents, and working always with serene smoothness, undisturbed alike by responsibility or danger. Add to all this a long experience in war, high military renown both for courage and conduct, the entire confidence and affection of the future Com.-in-Chief, the luck that has carried him through so many dangers, and the crowning advantage of being comparatively young, and it is evident that here is a man who in the years that are to come will have much to do with the administration of the British Army in times of peace and its direction in the field."

=Hanbury-Tracy.=--Maj. the Hon. A. H. C. Hanbury-Tracy, R. Horse Guards. Entered 1892; Brev.-Maj., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed in Brit. E. Africa Protectorate, 1897; Special Service, S. Africa, 1899; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Uganda, 1897-98 (Despatches; 3rd class brilliant star of Zanzibar; medal with clasp; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hannay.=--Col. O. S. Hannay. Commanding 1st Brigade Mounted Infantry. For career of this much esteemed and regretted officer, _see_ vol. iv. p. 60.

=Harley.=--Col. G. E. Harley, C.B. Entered 1864; Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Capt. Inst. of Sch. of Musk., Hythe, 1882-85; D.A.A.G., N. Brit. and N. Dist., 1886-89; D.A.A.G., Sch. of Musk., 1889-91; A.A.G., Belfast Dist., 1897-1900; A.A.G., Aldershot, 1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; C.B.; medal with clasp); S. African War.

=Harris.=--Rear-Admiral Sir R. H. Harris, Royal Navy. Entered Navy 1856; Capt., 1879; Rear-Admiral, 1895. This gallant officer commanded Training Squadron from 1893 to 1895; was Rear-Admiral, Mediterranean Fleet, 1896-98; and Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope and West Coast of Africa, 1898-1900; K.C.B.

=Harris.=--Lieut.-Col. R. H. W. H. Harris. Entered 1870; Lieut.-Col. East Surrey Regt., Dec. 1896. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1884-89. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal); Mahsood Wuzeeree Ex., 1881 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900; Willow Grange; Ladysmith Relief Force, wounded, 22nd Feb.

=Harris.=--Lieut.-Col. V. D. Harris. This officer rendered valuable service in command of the Kimberley Town Guard.

=Harrison.=--Lieut.-Col. C. E. C. B. Harrison, Lieut.-Col., Royal West Kent Regt. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Transvaal Campaign; Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Harrison.=--Lieut.-Col. R. A. G. Harrison, R.F.A. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., April 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1886-91. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hart.=--Maj.-Gen. A. Fitz-Roy Hart, C.B. Entered 1864; Maj.-Gen., 1898. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Ashanti Ex., 1873-74; Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1876-78; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1878-79, 1881-82; Special Employment, Egypt, 1882; A.A.G., Belfast Dist., 1896-97; Maj.-Gen., Aldershot, 1897-99; Maj.-Gen., Inf. Brig., S. Africa, October 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1873-74, wounded (Despatches, Feb. and March 1874; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1879-81 (Despatches, 2nd March and 7th May 1879; medal with clasp; Brev. of Maj.); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col., 4th class Osmanieh); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; Ladysmith Relief Force. This notable officer, who represents the backbone of "Ould Oireland," was born in 1844. He is the son of the late Gen. H. G. Hart, and married in 1868 the daughter of the late Mr. M. S. Synnot, D.L., J.P., Ballymoyer, co. Armagh.

=Hartley.=--Surg. Lieut.-Col. E. B. Hartley, #V.C.#, Cape Medical Staff Corps. This already distinguished officer, as P.M.O. of the Colonial Forces, worked with untiring energy and skill both from a military and a medical point of view.

=Heath.=--Lieut.-Col. H. N. C. Heath, Yorkshire Light Infantry, A.A.G. Entered 1881; Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--Staff Capt. (Intell.) Headquarters of Army, 1898-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, Oct. to Nov. 1899; A.A.G., S. Africa, Nov. 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; 2 clasps; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Hegan.=--Col. E. Hegan. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Comdt., Sch. of Aux. Cav., Aldershot, 1882-84; A.D.C. to G.O.C. W. Dist., 1889-90; D.A.A.G., Cork Dist., 1890-93; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Tirah, 1897-98 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hely-Hutchinson.=--The Hon. Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson, G.C.M.G. Governor of Natal and Zululand, and Special Commissioner for Amatongaland since 189 ; Barrister of the Inner Temple, 1877; Private Secretary to Sir Hercules Robinson, Governor of New South Wales; for Fiji Affairs, 1874; for New South Wales, 1875; Colonial Secretary of Barbadoes, 1877; Chief Secretary to the Government of Malta, 1883; Lieut.-Governor of Malta, 1884; Governor of Windward Islands, 1889; Governor of Natal and Zululand, 1893. Sir Walter is the second son of the 4th Earl of Donoughmore and the daughter of Mr. W. Steele, and was born in 1849. He married in 1881 the daughter of General W. C. Justice, C.M.G. (commanding the troops in Ceylon). He inaugurated the system of Responsible Government in Natal, and completed the annexation of the Trans-Pongola Territories, which form an integral part of Zululand.

=Henderson.=--Col. G. F. R. Henderson. Entered 1878; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Dep.-Assist. Com.-Gen. Ord. Store Dept., 1885-89; Inst. R. Mil. Coll., 1890-92; Prof. Staff Coll., 1892-96, and 1897-99; Spec. Serv. S. Africa, 1899-1900; Dir. of Intelligence, S. Africa, Jan. 1900; Specially Employed, Headquarters of Army, Aug. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Henniker-Major.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. A. Henniker-Major. Entered C. Guards, 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Comdt. Sch. of Inst. for Aux. Forces, Wellington Bks., 1886; Assist. Priv. Sec. to Sec. of State for War, 1888-91; D.A.A.G., S. Dist., 1891-94; D.A.A.G. for Inst., Home Dist., 1896-98; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1898. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Belmont (Despatches).

=Henry.=--Col. St. G. C. Henry, Northumberland Fusiliers. Entered 1880; Brev.-Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, Sept. and Dec. 1898; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); Nile Ex., 1899 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; commanded 4th Corps Mounted Infantry.

=Herbert.=--Col. I. J. C. Herbert, C.B., C.M.G. Entered, G. Guards, 1870; Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj., Home Dist., 1882; Brig.-Maj., Ex. Force, Egypt, 1882; Brig.-Maj., Home Dist., 1882-83; Comdt. Sch. of Inst. for Aux. Forces, Wellington Bks., 1885-86; Mil. Attaché, St. Petersburg, 1886; G.O.C., Mila. Domin. Canada, 1890-95; A.A.G., Home Dist., 1898-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.; 4th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Hicks.=--Lieut.-Col. H. T. Hicks, Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Militia, 1886-91. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hickson.=--Lieut.-Col. R. A. Hickson, 2nd Batt. The Buffs (East Kent Regt.). Entered 1867; Brev.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Brig.-Gen., Aldershot, 1883-84; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Gibraltar, 1884-88. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Driefontein, severely wounded.

=Hildyard.=--Lieut.-Gen. H. J. T. Hildyard, C.B., Commanding Fifth Div. Entered R. Navy, 1859; Army, 1864; Maj.-Gen., 1899. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj., Cyprus, 1878; Brig.-Maj., Gibraltar, 1878-82; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Ex. Force, Egypt, 1882; Brig.-Maj., Gibraltar, 1882-83; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1883-89; A.A.G., Aldershot, 1889-91; A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1891-93; Comdt. Staff Coll., 1893-98; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., Aldershot, 1898-99; Maj.-Gen., Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; 4th class Osmanieh); S. African War, 1899-1900; Willow Grange; Ladysmith Relief Force; Colenso (Despatches). This brilliant officer, who has vastly increased his reputation in the present war, is the son of the late Mr. T. B. T. Hildyard, M.P., of Flintham Hall, Newark. Like many other able commanders, distinguished alike for valour and versatility, he began life in the Royal Navy, afterwards electing to join the sister service. He is a strict disciplinarian, and a recognised authority on military tactics and strategy.

=Hill.=--Capt. A. Hill, M.P., 5th Batt. R. Irish Rifles. Eldest son of Rt. Hon. Lord Arthur Hill.

=Hime.=--Col. Hon. Sir A. Hime, K.C.M.G., Royal Engineers. Prime Minister of Natal. Rendered valuable service throughout the Natal Campaign.

=Hinde.=--Col. J. H. E. Hinde, 1st Batt. Border Regt. Entered 1867; Brev.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1883-88. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Willow Grange.

=Hippisley.=--Lieut.-Col. R. L. Hippisley. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col. 1898. _Staff Service_--Assist. Inst. Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1886-88; Inst. Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1889-91; Dir. of Telegraphs, S. Africa. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. This indefatigable officer, who rendered such valuable service in keeping the Commander-in-Chief in touch with his large force, was born in 1853.

=Hoad.=--Col. J. C. Hoad. This officer served with distinction with the Victorian Mounted Infantry.

=Hobart.=--Capt. C. Vere Cavendish Hobart, D.S.O., G. Guards. Entered 1890; Capt., 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed in Uganda Protectorate, 1897-99; Staff Off. to Station Comdt., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Staff Off. to Assist. Insp. Gen., L. of C., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Uganda, 1897-98 (Despatches, D.S.O.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hobbs.=--Lieut.-Col. G. R. Hobbs. Entered Army Ord. Dept. 1880; Lieut.-Col., 1896. _Staff Service_--Ord. Off., 3rd class, April to July 1896; Ord. Off., 2nd class, July 1896. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hofmeyr.=--Hon. J. H. Hofmeyr. This gentleman for some years has been a prominent figure in S. African affairs, and intimately associated with many leading men. With Sir Henry de Villiers and Sir Charles Mills, he represented S. Africa at the Ottawa Conference, and in the same capacity was present at London (Salisbury-Knutsford) Conference, with Sir T. Uppington, K.C.M.G., Q.C., and Sir John Robinson. K.C.M.G.

=Hope.=--Lieut.-Col. L. A. Hope, C.B., A.S.C. Lieut.-Col., 1892. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Curragh Dist., 1892-95; Egypt, 1897-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; C.B.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Spec. Serv. Off.

=Hore.=--Lieut.-Col. C. O. Hore. Entered 1878; Brev. Lieut.-Col. 1898. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex. (medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hoskier.=--Lieut.-Col. Hoskier. For particulars regarding this patriotic Volunteer officer _see_ vol. iv. p. 168.

=Houdin.=--Maj. Houdin. This officer rendered energetic service with the Royal Canadian Artillery.

=Howard.=--Maj.-Gen. F. Howard, C.B., C.M.G. Entered 1866; Col. 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to the Queen, 1895; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Jowaki Ex., 1877-78 (medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal with clasp); Burmese Ex., 1888-89 (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Good Service Reward; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Hughes.=--Lieut.-Col. S. Hughes. Lieut.-Col. Canadian Local Forces; Spec. Serv. Officer, including service as Railway Staff Officer.

=Hughes-Hallett.=--Lieut.-Col. J. W. Hughes-Hallett, D.S.O. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col. Seaforth Highlanders, 1897. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches, D.S.O.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; wounded with Kimberley Relief Force.

=Hunter.=--Lieut.-Gen. Sir Archibald Hunter, K.C.B., D.S.O. Entered 1874; Brev.-Col., 1894. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1884-87; Gov. of Red Sea Littoral and Comdt. Suakim, 1892-94; Gov. of Frontier and Comdt. F. F. Force, Egypt, 1894-96; Gov. of Dongola and Comdt. F. F. Egypt, 1896-99; Maj.-Gen., India, 1899; Maj.-Gen. (Chf. of Staff), Natal, 1899; S. Africa, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen., Chief of Staff, Natal, Jan. 1900; Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., March 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.; 4th class Osmanieh); Soudan, 1885-86-89; severely wounded (Despatches; D.S.O.; 3rd class Medjidie); Toski, wounded (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; promoted to Lieut.-Gen.; medal; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; 2nd class Osmanieh, 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; K.C.B; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); S. African War; on Staff; Natal, Ladysmith; G.O.C. Inf. Div. This remarkable officer, whose services have been so invaluable in the present war that he has run the risk of being overworked, not long ago enjoyed the distinction of being the youngest Maj.-Gen. in the British Army. The Boer Campaign has carried him still farther on the road of honour, and his almost magical success is to be attributed to his marvellous gift of observation, his ready grasp of character and situation, and the keen foresight which enables him so to organise as to suit the deed to the word. Like Lord Kitchener and Sir Leslie Rundle, he has a profound knowledge of Oriental languages and character. He was born in 1856, and is the son of the late Mr. A. Hunter and the daughter of Maj. Duncan Grahame of Perthshire.

=Hunter-Weston.=--Maj. A. G. Hunter-Weston, R.E. Entered 1884; Brev. Maj., 1895. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1896; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, July 1900. _War Service_--Miranzai Ex., 1891; Waziristan Ex., 1894-95; wounded (Despatches, June and July, 1895; Brev. of Maj.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Egyptian medal with clasp; 4th class Medjidie; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Maj. Hunter-Weston, who is associated with many daring acts during this campaign, comes of an ancient Scottish family. His father, Col. Hunter-Weston of Ayrshire, served in the Indian Mutiny, and commanded one of the outposts during the Siege of Lucknow.

=Hutton.=--Maj.-Gen. E. T. H. Hutton, C.B. Entered 1867; Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Ex. Force, Egypt, 1882; Assist. Mil. Sec. to G.O.C., Egypt, 1882-83; Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1883-84; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884-85; D.A.A.G. Aldershot, 1887-89, 1889-92; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1892; Comdt. Col. Forces, N.S.W., 1893-96; A.A.G., Dublin, 1896-97; Curragh, 1897-98; G.O.C. Mila., Domin. of Canada, 1898-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1900; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--S. Africa War, 1879-81 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.; 4th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex., 1885 (clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. This gallant officer, who has energetically interested himself in the Colonial patriotic movement from its inception, is the son of Mr. E. T. Hutton of Beverley, Yorks. He was born in 1848, and married in 1889 the daughter of Lord Charles Paulet.

=Inglefield.=--Lieut.-Col. F. S. Inglefield, East Yorkshire Regiment. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., April 1900. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj., Gibraltar, 1888-92; Inst. R. Mil. Coll., 1892-96; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Brig.-Maj. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, Feb. 1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, June 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Innes.=--Hon. James Rose Innes, LL.B., Member for Cape Division in the House of Assembly. This well-known politician, who is "distinguished by his great ability and volubility," is the son of Mr. J. Rose Innes, Under Secretary for Native Affairs. He entered the Cape Parliament in 1884 as Member for Victoria East; joined the Rhodes' Ministry as Attorney-General in 1890, and helped to break it up in 1893. He married the niece of Sir Gordon Sprigg.

=Ireland.=--Lieut.-Col. R. Ireland. Col., 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Jameson.=--Leander Starr Jameson, C.B. This notable Scotsman, born in 1853, who has played such a prominent rôle in S. African affairs, gave up his medical duties to become Administrator of Rhodesia from 1891 to 1895. (For story of the Raid _see_ vol. i. p. 156.) Dr. Jameson lately assisted the defenders in the Siege of Ladysmith.

=Jarvis.=--Maj. A. M. Jarvis. This officer made himself notable for excellent work with Strathcona's Horse.

=Jenner.=--Sir Walter K. W. Jenner, 2nd Bart., Maj. 9th Lancers. Entered, 9th Lancers, 1880; Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst., Curragh, 1896.

=Jennings.=--Capt. J. W. Jennings, D.S.O., R.A.M.C. Capt. 1891. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Egyptian medal), Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal), Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; 4th class of the Medjidie; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal).

=Jervis.=--Maj. Sir J. H. H. Jervis-White-Jervis, 4th Bart. Entered R.A. 1877; Maj. 1895. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879; Zulu Campaign (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Johnston.=--Lieut.-Col. P. H. Johnston, R.A.M.C. Lieut., R.A.M.C., 1897. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); Hazara Ex., 1888; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Jones.=--Capt. Edward P. Jones, C.B. Naval Cadet, Sept. 1863; Capt., Jan. 1, 1895; is serving as Captain on the _Victory_ at Portsmouth. He was Lieutenant of the _Carysfort_ during the Egyptian War of 1882 (Egyptian medal; Khedive's bronze star); also during the naval and military operations near Suakin in the Eastern Soudan, 1884 (Suakin clasp); highly commended by Gen. Buller in his despatches for the manner in which he fought his guns and silenced every one of the enemy's guns that could be located at Colenso on Dec. 15, 1899; also for the smart manner in which the heavy guns of the brigade were brought into action on Sunday, June 10, 1900, when the troops concentrated on Klip River at the junction with Gans Vlei Stream; C.B. October, 1900, for services during the war.

=Jones.=--Maj.-Gen. I. R. Jones, Scots Guards. Entered 1866; Col., 1890. _Staff Service_--Maj.-Gen. Guards Brigade, S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Jones.=--Lieut.-Col. M. Q. Jones, C.B., 2nd Batt. the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1886-91; Comdt. Sch. of Inst. for Mil. and Vols., Aldershot, 1891-94. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85; Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; C.B.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Joubert.=--Gen. Pietrus Jacobus Joubert, Vice-President of the Transvaal Republic. Com.-in-Chief of the Boer Army. Born in Cango, Cape Colony, 1831. Defeated Sir George Colley at Laing's Nek and Majuba Hill in 1881. Suppressed the Swazis in 1895, and captured the Jameson Raiders in 1897. _See_ vol. iv. p. 191. He was of Huguenot descent, which may have accounted for his civilised attitude as statesman and politician, and the wide views which some of his countrymen failed to appreciate. The General was an inveterate smoker and a shrewd thinker. He had been to England several times, and knew better than his compatriots the risk of embroiling himself with a mighty nation. Nevertheless he went into the field as a brave man, determined to meet the inevitable--fighting.

=Jousey.=--Maj. T. Jousey. This dashing officer commanded the 3rd Contingent New Zealand Mounted Rifles.

=Kekewich.=--Brev.-Col. R. G. Kekewich, N. Lancashire Regiment. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884-85; Brig. Maj., Egypt, 1885-87; Mil. Sec. to Com.-in-Chief, Madras, 1891-93; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen., Madras, 1893-97. _War Service_--Perak Ex., 1875-76 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex. (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.), Soudan, 1888 (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Brev. of Col.; Despatches); Siege of Kimberley.

=Kelham.=--Lieut.-Col. H. R. Kelham, Highland Light Infantry. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Fort Adjt., Hong-Kong, 1878-79; Brig.-Maj. (Act.), Straits Settlements, 1879. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Kimberley Relief Force; Majesfontein, slightly wounded, also severely Aug. 1900.

=Kelly.=--Lieut.-Col. N. W. Kelly. This dashing officer served with the Victorian Imperial Bushmen.

=Kelly.=--Maj.-Gen. W. Freeman Kelly. Entered 1867; Maj.-Gen., 1900. _Staff Service_--Brig. Maj., Egypt, 1884-87; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to G.O.C., Cape of Good Hope, 1888; D.A.A., Cape of Good Hope, 1888-90; A.A.G., S. Africa, 1890-93; D.A.G., Headquarters, Ireland, 1894-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; D.A.G. (Brig.-Gen. on Staff) S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--N.W. Frontier, India, 1876; Egyptian Campaign, 1882-84 (medal; bronze star); Soudan, 1884 (Despatches; 2 clasps; 4th class Medjidie; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Soudan, 1885 (Despatches; 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Kelly-Kenny.=--Lieut.-Gen. T. Kelly-Kenny, C.B. Commanding Sixth Division. Entered 1858; Maj.-Gen. 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C., Cape of Good Hope, 1859-60; D.A.Q.M.G., Bombay, 1869-70; A.A.G., N. Dist., 1887-89; A.A.G., N.E. Dist., 1889-92; A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1893; A.A.G., Aldershot Dist., 1893-96; Maj.-Gen., Aldershot, 1896-97; Insp. Gen. Aux. Forces and Recg. Headquarters of Army, 1897-99; Lieut.-Gen. Commanding Troops, Aldershot, 1899; Lieut.-Gen., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--China War, 1860 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Abyssinian Ex., 1867-68 (Despatches; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; also commanding portion of Lines of Communication.

=Kemp.=--G. Kemp, M.P. (Yeomanry Cavalry). This patriotic officer, Capt. Duke of Lancaster's Own (Y.C.), born in 1866, is the son of the late Mr. G. Tawke Kemp. He married the third daughter of the 3rd Earl of Ellesmere.

=Kenna.=--Capt. P. Aloysius Kenna, #V.C.#, 21st Lancers. Entered 1886; Capt., 1895. _Staff Service_--Assist. Prov.-Marshal, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; #V.C.#; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Kenney.=--Lieut.-Col. A. H. Kenney, C.M.G., R.E. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps).

=Kerr.=--Capt. F. W. Kerr, D.S.O. Entered 1886; Capt., 1896. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with clasp); Op. N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98; Dargai (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Kerry= (Earl of).--H. W. Edmund Petty-Fitzmaurice, Lieut. Irish Guards; A.D.C. (extra) to Field-Marshal Com.-in-Chief the Forces, S. Africa, Feb. 1900.

=Kirkpatrick.=--Lieut.-Col. W. J. Kirkpatrick, 1st Batt. York and Lancashire Regiment. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.).

=Kitchener of Khartoum.=--Maj.-Gen. Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, R.E., G.C.B., K.C.M.G. Entered 1871; Maj.-Gen., 1896. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1883-85; D.A.A.G. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1884-85; employed with Egyptian Army, 1886; Gov.-Gen. Red Sea Littoral and Comdt., Suakim, 1886-88; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1888-96; Maj.-Gen. (Chief of Staff), S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Op. round Suakim, 1888, severely wounded; Soudan, 1888-89 (Despatches, Jan. 1889; Despatches, Sept. 1889; 2 clasps; C.B.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Maj.-Gen. for distinguished service; K.C.B.; 1st class Osmanieh; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; raised to Peerage; G.C.B., and thanked by both Houses of Parliament; clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.[21]

=Kitchener.=--Brig.-Gen. F. W. Kitchener. Entered 1876; Brev.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst., Bombay, 1891-96; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1896; Specially employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; Brig.-Gen., Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Ex. to Dongola (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; 4th Class Osmanieh; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897; Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; 3rd class Medjidie; 3 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches); on Staff.

=Knox.=--Maj.-Gen. Charles E. Knox. Commanding 13th Brig. Entered 1865; Col., 1889. _Staff Service_--Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., Aldershot, 1899; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85 (honourably mentioned; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; severely wounded at Paardeberg.

=Knox.=-Lieut.--Col. E. C. Knox, 18th Hussars. In ranks three years; Lieut., 18th Hussars, 1882; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force (Despatches).

=Knox.=--Maj.-Gen. W. G. Knox, C.B., R.A. Entered 1867; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.M.S. and A.D.C. to G.O.C., Bermuda, 1892-94; Col. on Staff, Natal, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Abyssinian Ex., 1887-88 (medal); Ashanti War, 1873-74 (medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1878-79 (Despatches; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1879; Zulu Campaign (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Col. on Staff; Advance Depôt, Ladysmith; Lines of Communication; afterwards G.O.C. Inf. Brig.

=Kruger.=--Stephen J. Paul Kruger, President of the Transvaal Republic from 1882 to 1900. Born at Colesberg, Cape Colony, 1825. For character sketch _see_ vol. i. p. 110.

=Lagden.=--Sir Godfrey Yeatman Lagden, K.C.M.G., C.M.G. Commissioner of Basutoland; Clerk to Secretary of Government of the Transvaal under British Administration, 1878; Private Secretary to Sir O. Lawson, Sir W. Bellairs, and Sir Evelyn Wood, while administering the Government; Secretary to the Transvaal Royal Commission for Compensation Claims, 1881; War Correspondent in Egypt, 1882; Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone, 1883; Secretary and Accountant in Basutoland, 1884; Assistant Commissioner, 1885; Acting Commissioner of Swaziland, 1892; Resident Commissioner of Basutoland, 1893. Sir Godfrey, whose splendid diplomacy and tact have kept the Basuto Chief and his tribe from launching themselves into the South African complication, is the son of the late Rev. R. Dowse Lagden, and was born in 1851. Lady Lagden, whom he married in 1881, is the daughter of Bishop Bousfield of Pretoria.

=Lambton.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. C. Lambton, D.S.O., 5th Fusiliers. Entered, 5th Foot, 1876; Lieut.-Col. Northumberland Fusiliers, 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. and Gen. Gov. Ireland, 1886-89. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); South African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches, 26th Jan. 1900).

=Lambton.=--Capt. Hon. Hedworth Lambton, R.N., C.B., H.M.S. _Powerful_. Entered the Navy 1870; Capt., 1889. _War Service_--Egyptian War, 1882 (medal with 2 clasps; 2nd class Medjidie; bronze star). This gallant officer, who performed such excellent service at Ladysmith and was decorated for his bravery, was born in 1856. He is a son of the 2nd Earl of Durham, and brother of the present earl. He acted as Private Secretary to the First Lord of the Admiralty in 1894-97.

=Law.=--Lieut.-Col. C. H. Law, 2nd Batt. Dorset Regiment. Entered 1869; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1887-92. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Lawley.=--The Hon. Arthur Lawley, Administrator of Matabeleland since 1898. Born Nov. 12, 1860; fourth son of the 2nd Baron Wenlock; married a daughter of Sir Edward Cunard, 2nd Bart., 1885; formerly Captain 10th Hussars; Private Secretary to the Duke of Westminster, 1892-96.

=Lawson.=--Brev. Lieut.-Col. H. M. Lawson, R.E. Entered 1877; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Dublin Dist., 1889-92; D.A.Q.M.G. Headquarters of Army, 1893-98; Specially employed with Egyptian Army, 1898-99; A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; 2 clasps; Brev. of Maj.); Nile Ex., 1898, dangerously wounded; (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; Ladysmith.

=Leary.=--Lieut.-Col. T. G. Leary. This officer served with distinction with the Transkei Territories Contingent.

=Le Gallais.=--Lieut.-Col. P. W. J. Le Gallais, 8th Hussars. Entered 1881; Brev.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Bengal, 1890-92; Employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-98; Mil.-Sec. to Viceroy, India, 1899; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899; A.A.G., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1897 (Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept., 1898; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; 4th class Osmanieh; 2 clasps for Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900, Commanding mixed force. This distinguished officer was killed in the engagement at Bothaville on the 5th of November.

=Legge.=--Lieut.-Col. Norton Legge, D.S.O., 20th Hussars. Killed in action on 13th Dec. 1900. Entered 1882; Major, 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1894-96 and 1898. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, 1898; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900, Comdg. Mtd. Inf. Corps.

=Lessard.=--Lieut.-Col. F. L. Lessard. This gallant officer served with the Royal Canadian Dragoons.

=Leuchars.=--Lieut.-Col. G. Leuchars. This officer commanded the Umvoti Mounted Rifles with distinction.

=Lewis.=--Brev. Maj. Vernon Lewis, 2nd Batt. Royal Scots Fusiliers. This promising young officer, who lost his life at Pieters Hill at the age of twenty-eight, had seen a considerable amount of service, both with the Chitral Relief Force and with the West African Frontier Force. He took part in operations on the Niger; was mentioned in Despatches, and honourably mentioned by the Colonial Office; he was awarded the medal with clasp, and the Brevet of Major, dated October 10, 1899, his commission as Captain bearing date of the preceding day. Throughout Gen. Buller's operations he greatly distinguished himself by his intelligence and daring, and through his exertions the passage of the Tugela, which ultimately proved to be the key to Ladysmith, was discovered.

=Leyds.=--Willem Johannes Leyds, Doctor at Law, Plenipotentiary Extraordinary of the S. African Republic, Attorney-General S. African Republic, 1884. Dr. Leyds, who has been the principal wirepuller in the political intrigues of Mr. Kruger, was born at Java in 1859. He was recommended to Mr. Kruger in 1884 by Professor Moltzer of Amsterdam University as a young man of promise. His abilities are undoubted--the use he has made of them open to question. He is said to be Mr. Kruger's _alter ego_, and he has certainly worked hard in the cause of the Krugerites.

=Lloyd.=--Lieut.-Col. F. Lloyd, D.S.O., Grenadier Guards. Entered 1874; Commanding Guards' Depôt, Aug. 1896; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_-Comdt. Schools of Inst. for Mil. and Vols., London, 1894-96. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Lloyd.=--Col. G. E. Lloyd, D.S.O., West Riding Regiment. Entered 1876; Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1884-96; Gov. of Red Sea Littoral and Comdt., Suakim, 1894-96. _War Service_--Jowaki Ex., 1877 (medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.); Soudan, 1885-86-87, 1888-89; (Despatches, 1886; D.S.O.; Despatches, 1887; 3rd class Medjidie; Despatches, Jan. 1889; Despatches, Sept. 1889; 2 clasps); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; promoted Lieut.-Col.; medal). This distinguished officer, born in 1855, lost his life while gallantly leading his men in the fight of 29th of Nov. 1900.

=Loch.=--Capt. Lord Edward D. Loch, D.S.O., Grenadier Guards. Entered, Grenadier Guards, 1893; Capt., 1899. _Staff Service_--Div. Signalling Officer, S. Africa. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War; on Staff.

=Longford= (5th Earl).--Thomas Pakenham, Capt. 2nd Life Guards. Lord Longford, who has been serving with Yeomanry Cavalry, was born in 1864. He is the son of the 4th Earl and the daughter of Lord Dynevor, and was married in 1899 to the daughter of the 7th Earl of Jersey.

=Lonsdale= (5th Earl).--Hugh Cecil Lowther. This patriotic peer, now serving as A.A.G. with Imperial Yeomanry, has occupied the positions of Hon. Col. of 1st Cumberland Volunteer Artillery since 1884, and Hon. Col. 3rd Batt. Border Regiment since 1891. He was born in 1857, and married in 1878 the daughter of the 10th Marquis of Huntly.

=Lowe.=--Lieut.-Col. W. H. M. Lowe, 7th Dragoon Guards. Entered 1881; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Burmese Ex., 1886-87. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-89 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Lumsden.=--Col. Dougall Lumsden. This patriotic volunteer, through whose exertions "Lumsden's Horse" came into being, has passed much of his life in tea-planting in India, but nevertheless has perpetually interested himself in the Volunteer movement. When the demand for extra troops for the Transvaal arose, he cabled an offer to provide a corps, and soon after Lumsden's Horse with its gallant promoter (who had spent over £3000 in his dashing work), took ship for S. Africa! _See_ vol. iii. p. 159.

=Lysaght.=--Lieut.-Col. J. D. Lysaght. Entered Army Pay Dept. 1881; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Lyttelton.=--Maj. Gen. Hon. Neville G. Lyttelton, C.B., Commanding 4th Brigade. _War Service_--Jowaki Ex., 1877 (medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; 4th class Osmanieh); Nile Ex. (Despatches; promoted Maj. Gen. for distinguished service; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Gen. Lyttelton is not only a remarkably fine soldier, but an excellent cricketer. He is the son of 4th Baron Lyttelton, was born in 1845, and married a daughter of the Rt. Hon. J. Stuart Wortley.

=Macbean.=--Capt. J. A. E. Macbean, D.S.O., 1st Batt. Royal Dublin Fusiliers. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Brig.-Maj. Inf. Brig. Killed in action, 13th of December 1900.

=MacCartie.=--C. F. MacCartie, C.I.E. A retired Indian civilian attached to Kitchener's Horse. The son of a Yorkshire parson, he was well known in hunting, sporting, and steeple-chasing circles in India. He served as Private Secretary to Lord Wenlock, Gov. of Madras, and also joined the mounted infantry in the Burmese War, and hunted dacoits with Sir Penn Symons. At the outbreak of the S. African War he volunteered, and at Driefontein achieved the dearest wish of his heart, "to die in his boots!"

=M'Calmont.=--H. L. B. M'Calmont, M.P. Major M'Calmont was among the first who volunteered to go to the front. He was formerly in the Scots Guards, and for some years has been associated with the 4th Batt. Royal Warwickshire Regiment. Like many other wealthy men of this marvellous period, he left the lap of luxury for the risks and hardships of the fight rather than neglect the duties of a Briton.

=Mac Cormac.=--Sir William Mac Cormac, 1st Baronet. Created, 1897; Kt., 1881; K.C.V.O., 1898. Consulting Surgeon to the Forces in S. Africa; President of Royal College of Surgeons of England and Member of the Court of Examiners, Royal College of Surgeons, and Examiner of H.M. Naval Medical Service. Sir William is covered with medical honours acquired in England, France, Italy, Prussia, Sweden, Portugal, Bavaria, Spain, and Turkey. He was created a baronet on the occasion of the Queen's Jubilee in 1897. He is the eldest son of Dr. Henry Mac Cormac, M.D., and was born at Belfast in 1836. He has performed signal services in the cause of science and humanity during the present war.

=MacDonald.=--Brig.-Gen. Hector A. MacDonald, C.B., D.S.O. Became Lieut. Gordon Highlanders, 1881; Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Constabulary, 1885-88; employed with Egyptian Army, 1898-99; A.D.C. to the Queen, 1898; Brig.-Gen., India, 1899-1900; Brig.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (Despatches; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star; promoted to Second Lieut.); S. African War, 1881; Majuba (Despatches); Soudan Ex., 1885; Soudan, 1888-89 (Despatches, Jan. 1889; 3rd class Medjidie; Despatches, Sept. 1889; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star; D.S.O.); Capture of Tokar (3rd class Osmanieh; clasp to bronze star); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches, 1898; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898; battles of Atbara and Khartoum (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; A.D.C. to the Queen; Brev. of Col.; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; wounded at Paardeberg. This remarkable officer, the hero of exploits too numerous to mention, well has earned for himself the title of "Fighting Mac." For ten years he served in the ranks, and then was offered his choice between a V.C. and a commission. Wisely for himself, and luckily for the British Army, he chose the latter, and was able at once to make his rapid way to the foremost rank among the warriors of the age.

=Macdonald.=--Maj. R. P. Macdonald, D.S.O. (Reserve of Off.) Joined Hampshire Regt., 1878; Maj., 1892; retired, 1897. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); Burmese Ex., 1885-89 (Despatches, 1887-89; medal with 2 clasps; D.S.O.); S. African War, Spec. Serv.

=M'Donnell.=--Lieut.-Col. J. M'Donnell, R.A. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Klip Kraal, severely wounded.

=M'Donnell.=--Hon. Schomberg Kerr M'Donnell, C.B. Mr. Schomberg M'Donnell, who is numbered among our noble citizen-soldiers, was born in 1861. He is the fifth son of the 5th Earl of Antrim, and till the war acted as Principal Private Secretary to the Marquis of Salisbury.

=Mackay.=--Col. Hon. J. A. K. Mackay. This valuable officer commanded the New South Wales Mounted Infantry.

=Mackenzie.=--Col. Colin John Mackenzie, Seaforth Highlanders. Entered 1881; Brev.-Maj., 1899. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Burmese Ex., 1887; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1890-92; D.A.A.G. in Bengal and Bombay, 1892-96; Dir. of Mil. Intell., S. Africa, and Mil. Gov., Johannesburg, 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-88 (medal with 2 clasps); Hazara Ex., 1888 (Despatches; clasp); Hunza-Nagar Ex., 1891-92 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; clasp); Waziristan Ex., 1894-95 (Despatches; clasp); Nile Ex., 1898; Khartoum; S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Mackenzie.=--Lieut.-Col. G. F. C. Mackenzie, Suffolk Regiment. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1890-95. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=M'Kenzie.=--Maj. D. M. M'Kenzie. This officer served with distinction with the Natal Carabineers.

=Mackinnon.=--Col. W. H. Mackinnon. Entered Grenadier Guards, 1870; Col., 1889. _Staff Service_--Assist. Mil. Sec. to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Malta, 1884-85; Priv. Sec. to Gov., Madras, 1885-86; A.A.G., Home Dist., 1893-98; A.A.G., Home Dist. (temp.), 1899. This officer commanded C.I.V. troops, and held a unique position "hitherto unprecedented in the annals of our military history."

=MacMunn.=--Captain G. F. MacMunn, D.S.O., R.A. Entered 1888; Capt., 1898. _Staff Service_--Station Staff Off. (graded Staff Capt.), S. Africa, 1900; Assist. Prov.-Marshal, S. Africa, May 1900. _War Service_--Burma, 1892 (Despatches; medal with clasp; D.S.O.); Burma, 1893; Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with 3 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=MacNeece.=--Lieut.-Col. J. G. MacNeece. Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C., August 1898. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Mahon.=--Brig.-Gen. Bryan Mahon, D.S.O. Entered 1883; Brev.-Col., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1893-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa; Commanding Colonial Mounted Troops, Kimberley Column, S. Africa; Brig.-Gen., S. Africa, May 1900. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col., 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1899 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. This dashing officer, whose name will ever be associated with the relief of Mafeking, was born in 1862. He is the son of the late Mr. H. Mahon, of Belleville, Co. Galway, and the daughter of Col. Seymour, Ballymore Castle, Co. Galway.

=Mainwaring.=--Col. R. B. Mainwaring, C.M.G. Entered 1871; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.A.G. S. Dist., 1899; A.A.G. S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1873-74 (medal); Burmese Ex., 1885-86 (medal with clasp); Hazara Ex., 1891; S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Makins.=--G. H. Makins. Mr. Makins acted as Consulting Surgeon to the Forces in S. Africa.

=Mapleton.=--Lieut.-Col. R. W. Mapleton, M.B., R.A.M.C. Lieut.-Col., 1893. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Sen. Med. Officer Lines of Communication.

=March= (Earl of).--C. H. Gordon-Lennox, eldest son of 6th Duke of Richmond. Col. 3rd R. Sussex Regt.

=Marlborough= (9th Duke).--C. R. J. Spencer-Churchill. The Duke of Marlborough, who was the first of the British to greet our prisoners in Pretoria, has been serving with the Yeomanry Cavalry. As was natural to one of his glorious martial line, he volunteered at the first sniff of battle. He is as yet a very young man, having been born in 1871, but he has already shown wonderful zeal and activity in the affairs, political and military, of the nation. He owes not a little to America, where, in 1895, he married the daughter of Mr. William Vanderbilt of New York. The Duke is staunch Conservative, a keen sportsman and dashing polo-player.

=Marling.=--Maj. P. S. Marling, #V.C.#, 18th Hussars. Entered 1880; Maj., 1896. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Yeomanry Cavalry. _War Service_--S. African War, 1881; Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan, Battles of Teb and Tamai (Despatches; 6th May 1884; 2 clasps; #V.C.#); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Marshall.=--Maj. G. Marshall. This officer commanded the gallant regiment known as Marshall's Horse, which was composed of the Grahamstown Volunteers and the Witenhage Volunteer Rifles.

=Marshall.=--Maj.-Gen. G. H. Marshall, Commanding R.A. Entered 1861; Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Chief Inst. Sch. of Gunnery, 1893-97; Brig.-Gen. Commanding R.A., Aldershot Dist., 1897-99; Maj.-Gen. Commanding R.A., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Marshall.=--Capt. W. T. Marshall, #V.C.#, 19th Hussars. Served for ten years in ranks; became Hon. Capt. 20th Jan. 1895. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan, 1884; Battle of Teb and Tamai (Despatches; 2 clasps; #V.C.#); S. African War, 1899-1900. This dashing officer received the Victoria Cross for his conspicuous bravery during the cavalry charge at El-Teb in bringing Lieut.-Col. P. H. S. Barrow, 19th Hussars, out of action. That officer, having been severely wounded and his horse killed, was on the ground surrounded by the enemy, when Quartermaster-Sergeant W. T. Marshall, who stayed behind with him, seized his hand and dragged him through the enemy back to the regiment. Had Lieut.-Col. Barrow been left behind he must have been killed.

=Martin.=--Lieut.-Col. H. Martin, M.B., Lieut.-Col. R.A.M.C., March 1900. _War Service_--Zhob Valley Ex., 1884; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Martyr.=--Lieut.-Col. Cyril G. Martyr, D.S.O. Entered 1880; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1886-96; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1896; employed in Uganda Protectorate, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Brig.-Maj. S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); Soudan, 1888-91 (clasp; 4th class Medjidie); Toski (clasp); Capture of Tokar, 1891 (4th class Osmanieh; clasp to bronze star); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps; 2 clasps); Uganda, 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Maxse.=--Lieut.-Col. F. I. Maxse, D.S.O. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C. Scottish Dist., 1893-94; A.D.C. to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Malta, 1894; employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept, 1898; D.S.O.; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal); Nile Ex., 1890 (Despatches; Brev. Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Transport Officer Mounted Inf.; Assist. to Mil. Gov., Pretoria.

=Maxwell.=--Maj.-Gen. J. G. Maxwell, D.S.O. Entered 1881; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Staff Capt. Mil. Police, Egypt, 1883-85; employed with Egyptian Army, 1886-97, and 1897-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, Feb. 1900 to April 1900; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1854-85 (Despatches; clasp); Soudan, 1885-86-88-89 (Despatches; D.S.O.); Action at Gamaizah (Despatches; 4th class Osmanieh; clasp); Action at Toski (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; clasp); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col., Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; Gaz. Jan. 1898; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=May.=--Lieut.-Col. E. S. May, R.F.A. Entered 1875; Maj., Nov. 1891. _Staff Service_--Inst. in Mil. Topog., R. Mil. Acad., 1885-91; Prof. R. Mil. Acad., 1891-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith.

=Mellor.=--Lieut.-Col. L. S. Mellor, Liverpool Regt. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1886-91. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith.

=Menzies.=--Maj. M. Menzies. This dashing officer served with the Ceylon Mounted Infantry.

=Merriman.=--Hon. John Xavier Merriman. Mr. Merriman is the son of Bishop N. J. Merriman, of Grahamstown. He entered the Cape Parliament as Member for Aliwal North in 1869; strongly opposed Responsible Government; joined Mr. Molteno's administration in 1875 as Commissioner of Crown Lands and Public Works. He was dismissed by Sir Bartle Frere, February 1878, and returned to office as Commissioner under Sir Thomas Scanlen in 1881. He retired in 1884; sat for Namaqualand since 1878; turned Transvaaler and manager of the Langlaagte Estate in 1889; a few months later he became once more a colonist; joined the Rhodes' Ministry as Treasurer-General in 1890, and helped to smash it in 1893.

=Metcalfe.=--Lieut.-Col. C. T. E. Metcalfe, Rifle Brigade. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _War Service_--Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (medal with clasp); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1889-1900; severely wounded.

=Methuen= (3rd Baron).--Lieut.-Gen. Paul Sanford Methuen, K.C.V.O., C.B., C.M.G. Entered S. F. Guards, 1864; Col., 1888; Lieut.-Gen., 1898. _Staff Service_--Brig.-Maj. Home Dist., 1871-76; Spec. Serv., Ashanti Ex., 1873-74; Assist. Mil. Sec., Headquarters, Ireland, 1877; Mil. Attaché, Berlin, 1878-81; A.A. and Q.M.G. Home Dist., 1881-82; Comdt. at Headquarters, (A.A. and Q.M.G.), Ex. Forces, Egypt, 1882; A.A. and Q.M.G., Home Dist., 1882-84; D.A.G., S. Africa, 1888-90; Maj.-Gen. Home Dist., 1892-97; Lieut.-Gen., Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1873-74 (medal); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 3rd class Osmanieh; C.B.); Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85 (hon. mentioned; C.M.G.); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900. Lord Methuen, born 1845, is the son of the 2nd Baron, and was married in 1879 to the daughter of Sir F. H. Hervey-Bathurst, Bart., and after her death to the daughter of Mr. D. A. Sanford. This officer, at the commencement of the war, enjoyed the distinction of being the youngest Lieut.-Gen. in the Army. He had hitherto taken a prominent part in promoting the efficiency of the Metropolitan Volunteer Corps, which services cannot be too highly estimated. Owing to his remarkable and increasing activity during the present war, he has proved himself one of the chief mainstays of Lord Roberts's operations.

=Meyer.=--General Lucas Meyer. Boer commandant, who got into bad odour with his compatriots for his precipitancy at the battle of Glencoe.

=Micklem.=--Lieut. H. A. Micklem, D.S.O., R.E. Entered 1891. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; Rail. Staff Officer, S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1897 (Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; 4th class Medjidie; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900. Severely wounded. Superintendent of Works, and on Staff.

=Mildmay.=--F. B. Mildmay, M.P. This patriotic politician and notable polo player and sportsman, born in 1864, is the son of Mr. H. B. Mildmay, Shoreham, Kent, and Flete, Devon. He was originally a Liberal, but after 1886 became a Liberal Unionist.

=Miles.=--Col. H. S. G. Miles, M.V.O., A.A.G. Entered 1869. _Staff Service_--Garr. Inst., Aldershot, 1881-87; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., D.A.A.G. for Inst., Aldershot, 1887-88; D.A.Q.M.G., Headquarters of Army, 1889-93; A.A.G., Aldershot, 1893-98; Comdt. Staff Coll., 1898-99; A.A.G., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Chief Staff Officer, 1900; Col. on Staff, Natal, 1900. _War Service_--S. Africa, 1899-1900, on Staff (Despatches).

=Miller.=--Sir James P. Miller, 2nd Batt. Yeomanry Cavalry. Sir James, born 1864, was formerly in the 14th Hussars. He retired in 1892, but promptly got into harness when his services were required. He is Master of the Berwickshire Hunt, and won the Derby with "Sainfoin" in 1890. In 1893 he married the daughter of 4th Baron Scarsdale.

=Mills.=--Lieut.-Col. G. A. Mills, 1st Batt. Royal Dublin Fusiliers; Commandant at Estcourt. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C., Ceylon, 1879-82; employed with Egyptian Constabulary, 1885-87. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; slightly wounded.

=Milner.=--Sir Alfred Milner, G.C.M.G., 1897; K.C.B., 1895; Governor of Cape Colony and High Commissioner of S. Africa since 1895; Private Secretary to Mr. Goschen (Chancellor of the Exchequer), 1887-89; Under-Secretary for Finance in Egypt, 1889-92; Chairman Board of Inland Revenue, 1892-97. Sir Alfred Milner, the only man who has been a match for Mr. Kruger, was born in 1854. He is the only son of Dr. C. Milner, M.D., and the daughter of General Ready (Governor of the Isle of Man). He had a distinguished scholastic career, and was alluded to by Dean Church as the "finest flower of culture that the University of Oxford has produced in our time." His masterly handling of affairs in South Africa has earned the admiration of a grateful nation. He is popular both as an individual and as a statesman, and Lord Rosebery's opinion that he has that "union of intellect with fascination which makes men mount high," is very generally endorsed.

=Milton= (Viscount).--W. Charles de Meuron Wentworth Fitzwilliam, M.P., is among the gallant volunteers who have served with the Imperial Yeomanry. He is the son of the late Viscount Milton, M.P., and a daughter of the late Lord Charles Beauclerk. He was born in 1872, and married in 1896 the daughter of the Marquis of Zetland.

=Money.=--Lieut.-Col. C. G. C. Money, C.B., 1st Batt. Northumberland Fusiliers. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--Employed with Army Pay Dept., 1885-89; Adjt. Volunteers, 1889-94. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; C.B.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Morris.=--Col. W. G. Morris, C.M.G., Col. on the Staff., Commanding Royal Engineers. Entered R.E. 1867; Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Assist. Inst. in Surv., Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1877-82; Assist. Comdt., Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1895-98; Col. on Staff, S. Africa, 1898. Col. Morris, born in 1847, is the son of the late Lieut.-Col. W. J. Morris, H.E.I.C.S.

=Mortimer.=--Col. W. H. Mortimer. Col., 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Chief Paymaster (Maritzburg).

=Munro.=--Sir Hector Munro, 11th Bart., Hon. Lieut.-Col. 3rd Batt. Seaforth Highlanders; embodied Dec. 1899.

=Murray.=--Brig.-Gen. J. Wolfe Murray. Entered R.A. 1872; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G. N. Brit. Dist., 1884; D.A.Q.M.G. (Intell. Br.) Headquarters of Army, 1884-87; D.A.A.G., 1887-90; Spec. Serv., Off. Headquarters of Army, 1892-94; D.A.A.G. for Inst., Aldershot, and D.A.A.G. for Aldershot, 1894-97; Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; A.A.G., India, 1898-99; A.Q.M.G. (Intell. Headquarters), India, 1899; Col. on Staff, S. Africa, 1899; Brig.-Gen. on Staff, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; commanding Lines of Communication, Natal.

=Napier.=--Col. Hon. J. S. Napier. Entered 1867; Brev. Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Gov. of Madras, 1869-72; A.D.C. to Viceroy of India, 1872; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1872-73; Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1881-86; Insp. of Gymnasia, Aldershot, 1897-1900; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches, May, July, and Dec. 1880; Brev. of Maj.; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star); S. African War, 1881; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Nash.=--Lieut.-Col. W. F. Nash. Entered 1881; Lieut.-Col., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Burmese Ex., 1889-90; S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Nesbitt.=--Lieut.-Col. R. A. Nesbitt. This dashing officer commanded the splendid volunteer corps known as Nesbitt's Horse.

=Nesbitt.=--Capt. R. C. Nesbitt, #V.C.# Mashonaland Mounted Police. This gallant officer, who was taken prisoner early in the war (_see_ vol. ii. p. 58), has seen a considerable amount of irregular service in Mashonaland and Gazaland. He was decorated for rescuing a party at the beginning of the Mashonaland rebellion in 1896.

=Newall.=--Lieut.-Col. S. Newall. This gallant officer commanded the 5th Contingent New Zealand Mounted Infantry.

=Nicholson.=--Maj. J. S. Nicholson, D.S.O., 7th Hussars. Entered 1874; Maj., 1899. _Staff Service_--Spec. Extra Regimental Employment, 1896-98; Comdt.-Gen. B.S.A. Police, 1898. _War Service_--Op. in S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.); S. African War, 1899-1900, Commanding 1st Brig. Rhodesian Field Force.

=Nicholson.=--Maj.-Gen. Sir W. G. Nicholson, K.C.B. Entered R.E. 1878; Col., 1891. _Staff Service_--A.A.G. for R.E., Bengal, 1885-90; Mil. Sec. to Com.-in-Chief in India, 1890-93; employed in Mil. Works Dept., India, 1893-95; D.A.G., Punjab, 1895-98; Adjt.-Gen. in India, 1898-99; Mil. Sec. to Field-Marshal Com.-in-Chief, S. Africa, 1899-1900; Dir. of Transport Maj.-Gen. S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (Despatches); 1879-80 (Despatches; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star; 4th class Osmanieh); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Tirah, 1897-98 (Despatches; K.C.B.; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Norcott.=--Col. C. H. B. Norcott, 1st Batt. Rifle Brigade. Entered 1867; Brev.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Bengal, 1884-88. _War Service_--Burmese Ex., 1888-89 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Norreys= (Lord).--Montague Charles Townley-Bertie, Imperial Yeomanry. Lord Norreys, born in 1860, is the eldest son of the 7th Earl of Abingdon. He married the daughter of the 4th Lord Wolverton.

=Nugent.=--Maj. O. S. W. Nugent, D.S.O., King's Royal Rifle Corps. Entered 1882; Maj., 1899. _War Service_--Hazara Ex., 1891 (medal with clasp); Miranzai Ex., 1891 (Despatches; clasp); Isazai Ex., 1892; Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; medal with clasp; D.S.O.); S. African War, 1899-1900; seriously wounded at Dundee.

=O'Dell.=--Lieut.-Col. T. J. O'Dell, A.M.S., A.A.G. Entered 1878; Lieut.-Col., A.S. Corps, Aug. 1900. _Staff service_--Dep. Assist. Com. Gen., Com. and Trans. Staff, 1886-88; D.A.A.G. S. Dist., 1894-97. _War service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1889-1900.

=Ogilvie.=--Maj. G. H. Ogilvie. This officer rendered valuable service with the Royal Canadian Artillery.

=O'Leary.=--Col. W. M'Carthy O'Leary, 1st Batt. S. Lancs. Fusiliers. For career _see_ vol. iv. p. 150.

=Orr-Ewing.=--Maj. J. A. Orr-Ewing, Imp. Yeomanry. This distinguished officer, born 1857, was the son of the late Sir A. Orr-Ewing, and married in 1898 the daughter of the 7th Duke of Roxburghe. He lost his life while gallantly fighting at Kheis on 28th of May 1900.

=Otter.=--Col. W. C. Otter, A.D.C. This officer distinguished himself in command of the Royal Canadian Regiment of Infantry.

=Paget.=--Maj.-Gen A. H. Paget. Scots Guards. Entered 1869; Col., 1893. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Ashanti Ex., 1873-74; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, April 1900. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1873 (medal); Soudan Ex. 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches); on Staff.

=Park.=--Lieut.-Col. C. W. Park, 1st Devon Regiment. Entered 1875; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff service_--D.A.A.G. Madras, 1892-93; A.A.G., Madras, 1893-97. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Parsons.=--Col. Sir C. S. B. Parsons, K.C.M.G. Entered R.A. 1874; Col., 1899. _Staff service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1883-84; A.D.C. to Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Malta, 1884-85; A.D.C. to G.O.C. E. Dist., 1887-88; A.D.C. to G.O.C., Aldershot, 1889-92; employed with Egyptian Army, 1892-99; Gov. of Red Sea Littoral, and Comdt. Suakin, 1896-99; A.A.G. Woolwich Dist., 1899; Col. on Staff, Com. R.A. Curragh Dist., 1899-1900; Col. on Staff (R.A.) S. Africa, Jan. 1900, Feb. 1900; Col. on Staff (Assist. Insp. Gen. L. of C.) S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War service_--S. African War, 1877-80; (Despatches, 1879; medal with clasp; Despatches, 1881); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie; Brev. of Maj.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1897; Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; clasp to Egyptian medal; K.C.M.G.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Deputy Mil. Gov. of Northern Cape Colony and Comdt. W. Kimberley Dist.

=Parsons.=--Col. L. W. Parsons. Entered 1870; Col., 1900. _Staff service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1881-86; Col. on Staff (R.A.), S. Africa, April 1900. _War service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; (Despatches).

=Peakman.=--Maj. T. C. Peakman. This dashing officer's unflagging energy in command of the Kimberley Light Horse is already well known.

=Pennell.=--Capt. H. S. Pennell, #V.C.#, Derby Regt. Entered 1893. _War service_--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; #V.C.#; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; Ladysmith Relief Force; wounded 27th Feb.

=Phipps-Hornby.=--Maj. E. J. Phipps-Hornby, #V.C.#, R.A. Entered 1877; Maj., 1895. _War service_--Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85; S. African War, 1899-1900 (#V.C.#, _see_ V.C. list). This notable officer and splendid polo player, born 1857, is a son of the late Admiral Phipps-Hornby.

=Pickwoad.=--Col. E. H. Pickwoad, R.A. Entered 1873; Col., 1898. _Staff service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1885-89. _War service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900, Commanding Brig. Div. R.A.; Siege of Ladysmith; severely wounded.

=Pilcher.=--Lieut.-Col. T. D. Pilcher, Bedfordshire Regiment. Entered 1879; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff service_--D.A.A.G., Dublin Dist., 1895-97; Employed with W. African Frontier Force, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War service_--W. Africa, 1897-98 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900. Commanding Corps Mounted Infantry.

=Pilkington.=--Lieut.-Col. H. L. Pilkington (Reserve of Officers). Col. Pilkington rendered conspicuous service with the 2nd West Australian Mounted Infantry.

=Pilson.=--Maj. A. F. Pilson, Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Entered 1888; Brev. Maj., 1897. _Staff service_--Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Op. in S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Pink.=--Lieut.-Col. F. J. Pink, D.S.O., R. W. Surrey Regiment. Entered 1878; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G. Burmese Ex., 1887-89; employed with Egyptian Army, 1895-99. _War service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); Burmese Ex., 1886-89 (Despatches, Sept. 1887, Nov. 1889; medal with 2 clasps; D.S.O.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; Brev. Lieut.-Col.; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal; medal).

=Pirie.=--Duncan Vernon Pirie, M.P. This gallant officer retired from the army in 1898, after having acted as A.D.C. to Sir G. Graham in Egypt, and A.D.C. to the Governor of Ceylon, in which capacities he greatly distinguished himself. He is the eldest son of Mr. G. Pirie, was born in 1858, and married, in 1894, the daughter of 17th Baron Sempill.

=Plumer.=--Lieut.-Col. H. C. O. Plumer, York and Lancaster Regiment. Entered 1876; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1897. _Staff service_--D.A.A.G., Jersey, 1890-93; D.A.A.G., Aldershot, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 4th class Medjidie); Op. S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Spec. Serv.; wounded.

=Pole-Carew.=--Lieut.-Gen. R. Pole-Carew, C.B. Entered, Coldstream Guards, 1869. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Viceroy of India, 1879; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Afghan Campaign, 1879-80; Mil. Sec. to Com.-in-Chief, Madras, 1884-85; Mil. Sec. to Prov. Com.-in-Chief, Madras, 1885; Mil. Sec. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1885-90; Comdt. Headquarters Staff, S. Africa, 1899; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (Despatches, Jan., May, and Dec., 1880); Egyptian Campaign, 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches; C.B.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff (Despatches).

=Poore.=--Maj. R. M. Poore, 7th Hussars. Entered 1886; Brev.-Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Gov. of Bombay, 1894-95; employed with Mil. Mounted Police, S. Africa, 1899; Prov.-Marshal, S. Africa, Nov. 1899. _War Service_--Op. in S. Africa, 1896-97 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Pratt.=--Lieut.-Col. A. S. Pratt, R.A. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Inst. Sch. of Gunnery, 1886-91, 1891-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Pretyman.=--Maj.-Gen. G. T. Pretyman, C.B., R.A. Entered 1865; Maj.-Gen., 1897; _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Afghan Campaign, 1878-79; and to Lieut.-Gen., Afghan Campaign, 1879-80; Mil. Sec., Madras, 1881-84; A.A.G. for R.A., Bengal, 1887-89; Brig.-Gen., Bengal, 1889-94; Comdt. Headquarters, S. Africa, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen., Mil. Gov., Bloemfontein, March 1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star; Brev. of Maj. and Lieut.-Col.); Isazai Ex., 1892; S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Price.=--Col. T. Price. This officer rendered conspicuous service with the Victorian Mounted Infantry.

=Pritchard.=--Lieut. Harry Lionel Pritchard, D.S.O. Entered R.E., 1891. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1896; employed with Egyptian Army, 1896-98; Specially employed, Cyprus, 1898-99; Staff Off. to Assist. Dir. of Railways., S. Africa, 1900. _War Service_--Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; star); Ex. to Dongola (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie; Egyptian medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; clasp to Egyptian medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Quill.=--Lieut.-Col. B. C. Quill. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., Feb. 1900. _Staff Service_--Assist. Insp. of Gymnasia, Aldershot, 1888-92; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; Spec. Serv. Officer.

=Rawlinson.=--Lieut.-Col. Sir H. S. Rawlinson, 2nd Bart., D.S.O., Coldstream Guards. Entered 1884; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1885-86, and 1886-87; A.D.C. (Extra) to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1887; A.D.C. to Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1887-88, and 1889-90; Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1895-98; D.A.A.G., Egypt, 1898; D.A.A.G., Natal, 1899-1900; A.A.G., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (Despatches); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Siege of Ladysmith. This well-known officer, born in 1864, is the son of the late General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, Bart., the distinguished Orientalist. He married in 1890 the daughter of Mr. Coleridge Kennard.

=Rawson.=--Lieut.-Col. H. E. Rawson. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Sec. R.E. Committee, 1890-94. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; Commanding R.E. Lines of Communication.

=Reade.=--Maj. C. Y. Reade. This officer rendered valuable service with the South Australian Mounted Rifles.

=Reed.=--Capt. H. L. Reed, R.A. _See_ V.C. list. Entered 1888; Capt., 1898. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches; #V.C.#)

=Reeves.=--Col. J. Reeves, 2nd Batt. Royal Irish Fusiliers. Entered 1874; Brev.-Col., 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Ladysmith Relief Force; Colenso, wounded, 21st Feb.

=Rethman.=--Maj. F. J. Rethman. Commanded Border Mounted Rifles, Ladysmith.

=Rhodes.=--The Rt. Hon. Cecil John Rhodes, D.C.L., M.A. For career _see_ vol. i. p. 118.

=Rhodes.=--Maj. E. Rhodes, D.S.O. Entered 1878; Maj., 1893. _Staff Service_--Assist. Insp. of Signalling, Aldershot, 1895-97; and 1898-99; D.A.A.G. for Signalling, 1899; Dir. of Signalling, S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1885 (Despatches; 2 clasps); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; D.S.O.); S. African War; on Staff (Despatches).

=Rhodes.=--Col. F. W. Rhodes, D.S.O. Entered 1873; Col., 1889. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Brig.-Gen. Force on the Nile, 1884-85; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Egypt, 1885; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Dublin Dist., 1886-87; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Egypt., 1888-89; Mil. Sec. to Gov., Bombay, 1890-92; Civil Employment, Uganda, 1892-93. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; 2 clasps; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Soudan, 1888 (Despatches; clasp; 3rd class Medjidie); S. African War, 1899-1900; Attached to Headquarters Staff.

=Ricardo.=--Lieut.-Col. P. R. Ricardo. Col. Ricardo commanded with distinction the 1st Contingent Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Rice.=--Maj. D. R. Rice, R.E. Entered 1877; Maj., 1896. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1892-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900. This officer, commanding R.E. in Ladysmith, was "indefatigable in his exertions both day and night."

=Richardson.=--Col. W. D. Richardson, C.B., A.S.C. Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Aldershot, 1883-87; Egypt, 1889-96; Dublin, 1894-97; A.A.G., W. Dist.; D.A.G. for Supplies, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Ashanti War, 1873-74 (medal); S. African War, 1877-78-79 (Despatches; medal with clasp; promoted Dep. Commissary); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85 (hon. mentioned; hon. and rel. rank, Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. This remarkable officer, whose labours have been as the labours of Hercules, and to whom much of the success of Lord Roberts's great marches has been due, was born in 1854. He married the daughter of the Rev. J. Ewing.

=Ridley.=--Brig.-Gen. C. P. Ridley. Entered 1873; Brev. Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Station Comdt., S. Africa, 1899; A.A.G. (Assist. Insp.-Gen. L. of C.), S. Africa, 1899-1900; Brig. Gen. Mounted Inf. Brig., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Miranzai Ex., 1891 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Rimington.=--Lieut.-Col. M. F. Rimington, Rimington's Horse. Entered, 6th Dragoons, 1881; Col., Sept. 1900. _Staff Service_--Staff Capt. Remount Establishment, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Op. in Zululand, 1888; S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches, May 1900).

=Rivett-Carnac.=--Lieut.-Col. P. T. Rivett-Carnac, West Riding Regiment. Entered 1873; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Army Pay Dept., 1884-89; Spec. Extra Regt. Employ., 1896-98; Station Comdt., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1884 (medal; bronze star); Op. in S. Africa, 1896-97 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Roberts of Kandahar and Waterford.=--Rt. Hon. Frederick Sleigh, Lord Roberts, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E. Entered 1851; Field-Marshal, 25th May 1895. _Staff Service_--D.A.Q.M.G., Indian Mutiny, 1857-58; D.A.Q.M.G. in charge of the Viceroy's Camp, 1859-60; D.A.Q.M.G., Army Headquarters, India, 1860-65; A.Q.M.G., Bengal, 1866-67; A.Q.M.G. 2nd Div., Abyssinian Ex., 1867-68; A.Q.M.G. Army Headquarters, India, 1869-71; A.Q.M.G. Looshai Ex., India, 1871-72; D.Q.M.G., Bengal, 1872-75; Q.M.G., Bengal, 1875-78; Maj.-Gen. Afghan Campaign, 1878-79; Lieut.-Gen. (local) Afghan Campaign, 1879-80; Lieut.-Gen. Madras, 1881-85; Com.-in-Chief E. Indies, 1885-93; Gen. Commanding the Forces, Ireland, 1895-99; Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces, S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Indian Mutiny, 1857-58 (Despatches, 15th Dec. 1857; 16th Jan., 29th Jan., 22nd Feb., 25th May, 31st May, and 8th June, 1858; received the thanks of the Gov.-Gen. of India; medal with 3 clasps; Brev. of Maj.; #V.C.#); N.W. Frontier of India Ex., 1863 (medal with clasp); Abyssinian Ex., 1868 (Despatches; 30th June, 3rd July, 10th July 1868; medal; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Looshai Ex., 1871-72 (Despatches); Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (Despatches, 4th Feb., 21st Feb., 21st March, 13th May, and 7th Nov., 1879; 16th Jan., 4th May, and 3rd Dec., 1880; received thanks of both Houses of Parliament, 4th Aug. 1879 and 5th May 1881, and created a Baronet; thanked by Government of India and Gov.-Gen. in Council; medal with 4 clasps; bronze star; K.C.B., G.C.B.); Burmese Ex., 1886 (thanked by Government of India; Despatches; clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief the Forces in S. Africa. This wonderful officer, "the idol of the army and of the nation, and the greatest commander of modern times," was born in 1832. He is the son of Gen. Sir Abraham Roberts, G.C.B., and the daughter of Maj. Bunbury of Kilfeacle, co. Tipperary. He married in 1859 the daughter of Capt. Bews, 73rd Foot. He was created a Baron in 1892, in connection with his famous services in Afghanistan. Owing to the popularity of his famous work, "Forty-One Years in India," the facts of his marvellous career are well known, but the book being the output of the most modest of men, it fails to do justice to the personal qualities which have made this great leader so deservedly celebrated and beloved. A few lines from Mr. Maclaren Cobban's "Life and Deeds of Earl Roberts" express so ably the view of the multitude that it is a temptation to quote them. "His successes as a general have not been merely warlike--could not be merely warlike; for he has an understanding and an imagination which compel him to look 'before and after'--to note how the necessity for war has arisen, and to consider how war may promote a more secure and perfect peace. He has exhibited the mind of a statesman and an administrator, as well as of a soldier; and in the highest sense he has ever been an 'Empire-builder'; for he has not only made strong the borders of her Majesty's dominions in India and S. Africa, but he has also consistently maintained and strengthened the ancient and inalienable British reputation for justice and truth, kindness and mercy--the intangible bonds, light as air but tougher than steel, which bind our widespread Empire together.... And so we come to the fascination of his personality. The Commander-in-Chief is a great soldier, but he is a greater man. It is in his character as a man rather than as a soldier that he has won the unrestrained affections even of the army. Since the 'little corporal,' no great commander has held so entirely the confidence and devotion of all sorts and conditions of soldiers; but, while Napoleon imposed himself upon his embattled hosts as a kind of demigod, he who is most widely known as 'little Bobs' has impressed his soldiers as a man of men, as the best, the most sympathetic, the cleverest and dearest of comrades. His regard for the soldier is so well known, that such a saying would be incredible of him as that which is recorded of the Duke of Wellington, who described the men who won his battles as 'the greatest scoundrels in Europe.' It is, indeed, one of the rarities of history to find a successful leader of armies distinguished by such sweetness and such gentleness of temper, such kindness and such tact of conduct and of speech. These qualities are commonly regarded as marking the ideal character of a domestic person, of a man of peace, and in bringing them into complete accord with the triumphant practice of war he who has been so widely known as Lord Roberts shows himself our 'own ideal knight.'"

=Roberts.=--Hon. F. H. S. Roberts, Lieut. King's Royal Rifles. _See_ vol. ii. p. 193; also V.C. list.

=Robertson.=--Maj. W. R. Robertson, D.S.O. In ranks over ten years; Lieut., 3rd Dragoon Guards, 1888; Maj., March 1900. _Staff Service_--Staff Lieut. Intell. Br. Q.M.G. Dept., India, 1892-95; Staff Capt. Q.M.G. Dept., India, 1895-96; Staff Capt. Intell. Dept. Headquarters of Army, 1899; D.A.A.G. Headquarters of Army, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; medal with clasp; D.S.O.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Robin.=--Maj. A. W. Robin distinguished himself in command of the 1st New Zealand Contingent.

=Roche.=--Lieut.-Col. Hon. U. de R. B. Roche, S. Wales Borderers. Entered 1876; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Bengal, 1890-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1877-78 (medal with clasp); Burmese Ex., 1886-89 (medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Romilly.=--Maj. F. W. Romilly, D.S.O. Entered 1873; Brev.-Maj. Scots Guards, 1894. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen., Egypt, 1883-84, and 1885-87; D.A.A.G., Malta, 1890-93; Mil. Sec. to Gov. Madras, 1896-98. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal with clasp; bronze star; Despatches; 2 clasps); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (2 clasps); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; D.S.O.) S. African War, 1899-1900; wounded.

=Ross.=--Maj. W. C. Ross, Durham Light Infantry. Entered 1877; Lieut.-Col., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _Staff Service_--Insp. and Adjt. Gt. Indian Penin. Rly. V.C., 1890-95; A.M.S. and A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gov., Punjab, 1898-1900. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Commanded 8th Corps Mounted Infantry till severely wounded.

=Rowell.=--Lieut.-Col. J. Rowell. This officer commanded the 4th Contingent South Australian Bushmen.

=Roxburghe= (8th Duke).--H. John Innes-Ker, Lieut. Royal Horse Guards. This young nobleman, born in 1876, son of 7th Duke of Roxburghe and the daughter of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, was originally in the 4th Batt. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. He has now been serving in the Household Cavalry Composite Regiment.

=Royston.=--Col. W. Royston. Commanding Natal Volunteer Force. _See_ vol. iv. p. 134. This officer and his force reflected "the highest credit on the Colony of Natal."

=Rundle.=--Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. M. Leslie Rundle, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. Entered R.A. 1876; Brev. Col., 1894. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1883-98; Maj.-Gen. E. Dist., 1898-99; D.A.G. Headquarters of Army, 1899-1900; Lieut.-Gen. Commanding Div., Aldershot, Jan. 1900, March 1900; Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879-81 (Despatches; medal with clasp; wounded in defence of Potchefstroom; Despatches); Egyptian Ex. (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Maj.); Soudan, 1885-86-87-89-91 (Despatches; D.S.O.; 3rd class Osmanieh); Action of Toski (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Capture of Tokai (clasp to bronze star); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; promoted to Maj.-Gen.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (Despatches; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; K.C.B.; thanked by both Houses of Parliament; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Samut.=--Lieut.-Col. A. Samut, Army Ord. Dept. Entered 1878; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Dep.-Assist. Com. Gen. Ord. Store Dept., 1885-94-95; Assist. Com. Gen. Ord. Store Dept., 1895-96; Ord. Off., 3rd class, 1896-1900; Ord. Off., 2nd class, 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Sandbach.=--Lieut.-Col. A. E. Sandbach, R.E. Entered 1879; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Bengal, 1890-92; employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-98; Mil. Sec. to Viceroy, India, 1899; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899; A.A.G., S. Africa, Dec. 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1885 (clasp); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (medal with clasp); Sikkim Ex., 1888 (clasp); Hazara Ex., 1891 (Despatches; clasp); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; Spec. Serv.; on Staff.

=Sandwith.=--Lieut.-Col. R. L. Sandwith, Leicestershire Regt. Entered 1880; Lieut.-Col., S. Africa, March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Sauer.=--Hon. J. W. Sauer. Son of a Free State Landdrost; was five times Member for Aliwal North, Cape House of Assembly; was Secretary for Native Affairs in Scanlen Ministry, 1881-84; Colonial Secretary in the Rhodes Ministry, 1890. He was one of "the three" who broke it up in 1893. He calls himself a philosophic radical, and is sufficiently consistent to have declined a knighthood.

=Schermbrucker.=--Hon. Frederick Schermbrucker, Senior Member King William's Town, Cape House of Assembly. Son of the Hon. Christopher Schermbrucker; was born at Frankfurt-on-the-Maine; entered ranks of Bavarian Army as a private, with the privileges of a gentleman cadet, and fought among the Royalists during the disturbances in 1850-52, and gained his commission. Since this time, he settled at King William's Town as German interpreter to the Resident Magistrate; subsequently, after many adventures, became editor of _Bloemfontein Express_, and, according to the Cape "Parliamentary Companion," he left Bloemfontein in a hurry, and was burned in effigy; he returned to King William's Town; volunteered for service in the Frontier War; appointed Commandant of the Amatola division; volunteered for service against the Zulus; commanded at Luneberg; was present at the battles of Zlobane and Kambula; distinguished himself on the Pemvani River; in 1880 accompanied Mr. Sprigg to Basutoland to raise a police force; retired with that Sprigg Government; elected Member Legislative Council for the Eastern Province, 1882; re-elected 1884; became Commissioner Crown Lands and Public Works, Upington Ministry, 1884; successfully contested King William's Town general election, 1888. He succeeded in raising several companies of German Colonists to go to the front in 1901.

=Schleswig-Holstein.=--Maj. H. H. Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein. _See_ vol. vi. p. 123.

=Schofield.=--Maj. H. N. Schofield, R.A. Entered 1884; Maj., Feb. 1900. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to G.O.C., Aldershot, 1898-99; A.D.C. to Gen. Com.-in-Chief, S. Africa, 1899-1900; A.D.C. to G.O.C., Natal, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--S. Africa, 1899-1900; Colenso. This distinguished officer, who saved two guns at Colenso and by his gallantry should have earned a #V.C.#, was only debarred from receiving the coveted honour owing to the fact that being a gunner officer his actions were done in pursuance of his duty. It is a distinction without a difference which many have failed to see, in view of the decoration having been given to other artillery officers while also in pursuance of their duty.

=Schreiner.=--Hon. W. P. Schreiner, Q.C., C.M.G., Premier of Cape Parliament, 1898. Mr. Schreiner, son of a Lutheran missionary and an English lady, was born in 1859. He is the brother of Miss Olive Schreiner (Mrs. Cronwright) the authoress whose anti-British proclivities are well known. Mr. Schreiner was educated in England, was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1882, and on his return to the Cape engaged in politics and became Mr. Rhodes' Attorney-General. In 1898 he became Premier, but his sympathies were not with the British, and his attitude caused him to be described as "the pro-Boer Premier of an Africander Government." He was married to the sister of Mr. Reitz, formerly President of the Orange Free State.

=Scott.=--Capt. P. M. Scott, C.B., Royal Navy, H.M.S. _Terrible_. This notable officer and clever inventor of the now celebrated gun-carriages (_see_ vol. ii. p. 53) has seen a considerable amount of service. He took part in the Ashanti War, the Congo Expedition, and the Egyptian War. He has been twice mentioned in despatches, and, in addition to his British medals, has the Khedive's star. He was promoted from the 4th to the 3rd class Medjidie in 1890.

=Scott.=--Maj. R. G. Scott. This officer rendered valuable service with the Kimberley Light Horse.

=Scott= (6th Bart.).--Sir Samuel E. Scott, M.P. Imperial Yeomanry.

=Scott.=--Lieut.-Col. W. A. Scott, 2nd Batt. Gordon Highlanders. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1891-96; Comdt. Sch. of Inst. for Mil. and Vols., Aldershot, 1897. _War Service._--S. African War; Ladysmith.

=Scott-Chisholme.=--Col. J. J. Scott-Chisholme, Imperial Light Horse. _See_ vol. ii. p. 27.

=Selheim.=--Maj. V. C. M. Selheim rendered valuable service with the Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Settle.=--Brig.-Gen. H. H. Settle, R.E., C.B., D.S.O. Entered 1867; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885; Employed with Egyptian Army, 1886-92; Insp.-Gen. of Egyptian Police, 1892-94; Assist. Insp.-Gen. of Fortifications, Headquarters of Army, 1895-99; Col. on Staff (Commanding R.E.), Malta, 1899; Col. on Staff, S. Africa, 1899; Col. on Staff (Insp.-Gen. Lines of Communication), S. Africa, 1899. _War Service._--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.); Soudan, 1888-99 (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Action of Toski (Despatches; clasp; 2nd class Medjidie); Capture of Tokar, 1891 (clasp to bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Settrington= (Lord).--Charles H. Gordon-Lennox, Second Lieut. Life Guards; Extra A.D.C. to Lord Roberts. This officer is eldest son of the Earl of March, who is heir to the 6th Duke of Richmond.

=Sharpe.=--Lieut.-Col. J. B. Sharpe, R.E. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst., Curragh Brig., 1886-91. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (Despatches; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Kimberley Relief Force; Belmont; Enslin; Modder River; and Majesfontein.

=Sim.=--Lieut.-Col. G. H. Sim, R.E. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Inst. Sch. of Mil. Eng., 1893-98. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal); Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; with Ladysmith Relief Force; Spion Kop.

=Sitwell.=--Col. C. G. H. Sitwell, D.S.O., 2nd Batt. Royal Dublin Fusiliers. For career _see_ vol. iv. p. 141.

=Sitwell.=--Col. W. H. Sitwell. Entered 1880; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Bechuanaland Border Police, 1891-93; D.A.A.G., Guernsey, 1895-97; Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; Employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1880 (medal); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (star); Nile Ex., 1897; Nile Ex., 1898, wounded (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Smith-Dorrien.=--Brig.-Gen. H. L. Smith-Dorrien, D.S.O. Entered 1876; Brev. Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Cape of Good Hope, 1878-79; employed with Egyptian Army, 1884-87; Station Staff Off., 1st class, Bengal, 1892-93; D.A.A.G., Bengal, 1893-94; A.A.G., Bengal and Punjab, 1894-96; Maj.-Gen., Inf. Brig., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); Soudan Ex., 1885 (clasp); Soudan, 1885-86 (Despatches; D.S.O.); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1878 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Sondes= (2nd Earl).--George E. Milles, D.L., J.P., Imperial Yeomanry. Lord Sondes, who is one of the gallant many who hastened to volunteer for the front, was born in 1861. He is the son of the 1st Earl and the daughter of Sir Henry Stracey, Bart.

=Southey.=--Lieut.-Col. R. G. Southey. This energetic officer, formerly in H.M. Foot, has been commanding Colonial Volunteers, and is now Acting Staff Officer for Colonial Forces in S. Africa.

=Spence.=--Col. W. A. Spence, Commanding Duke of Edinburgh's Own Volunteer Rifles. A "most gallant and efficient commanding officer." Killed in action at Faber's Spruit. _See_ vol. v. p. 169.

=Spens.=--Lieut.-Col. J. Spens, 2nd Batt. King's Shropshire Light Infantry. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1898. _Staff Service_--Insp. R. Mil. Coll., 1886-98. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Spragge.=--Maj. B. E. Spragge, D.S.O., Col. Imperial Yeomanry. This officer, though he retired as a Major in 1894, has seen a considerable amount of service. In the Jowaki Ex. (medal with clasps); in the first Afghan War; the second Afghan War (Despatches; medal with clasp); as D.A.A.G. in the Burmah War (Despatches twice; medal with 2 clasps; Brev.-Maj.; D.S.O.), he has done notable military work.

=Spreckley.=--Col. Spreckley, Rhodesian Regt. For career, _see_ vol. vi. p. 80.

=Sprenger.=--Maj. C. F. Sprenger. This gallant officer of the Cape Mounted Rifles lost his life during the Siege of Wepener. _See_ vol. v. p. 67.

=Sprigg.=--Rt. Hon. Sir J. G. Sprigg, K.C.M.G. This well-known politician has spent most of his life at the Cape, where he settled in 1858 at the age of twenty-eight. He has filled a series of posts from 1878 to 1898. As Prime Minister and Colonial Secretary, 1878-81; as Treasurer, 1884-86; as Prime Minister and Treasurer, 1886-90; Treasurer, 1893-96; Prime Minister and Treasurer, 1896-98, he has laboured zealously in the interests of the Cape Colony.

=Stanford.=--Lieut.-Col. W. E. M. Stanford, C.M.G. This officer commanded the East Griqualand Mounted Rifle Volunteers, and rendered valuable service.

=Stanley= (Lord).--Edward George Villiers Stanley, M.P. Lord Stanley, who was formerly in the Grenadier Guards, and has acted as Press Censor and Priv. Sec. to Lord Roberts. He was born in 1865, and is the son of the 16th Earl of Derby and the daughter of the late Earl of Clarendon. He married in 1889 the daughter of the 7th Duke of Manchester.

=St. Clair.=--Col. J. L. C. St. Clair. Entered 1871; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Ex. Force, Egypt, 1882-83; Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1884-87; D.A.A.G., W. Dist., 1887-89; Guernsey, 1892-95; Dep. Judge Adv., London, 1896-99; Dep. Judge Adv., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Dep. Judge Adv.-Gen., S. Africa, Feb. 1900.

=Steele.=--Lieut.-Col. S. B. Steele, Strathcona's Horse. This gallant officer of the N.W. Mounted Police is a native Canadian, born at Ontario, but his father was a Capt. in the Royal Navy. In 1866 he entered the 35th Batt. "Simcoe Foresters." He served in the Red River Ex. under Lord Wolseley, and on the formation of the N.W. Mounted Police in 1873 he joined as Troop Serg.-Maj. He was promoted in 1885 for his share in the pursuit of Big Bear's band in the Rebellion, and was mentioned in despatches. His courage, intrepidity, and keen sense of duty have won him the esteem of all with whom he has served.

=Stephenson.=--Col. T. E. Stephenson, Essex Regiment. Commanded 18th Brigade. Entered 1874; Brev.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. for Inst., Gibraltar, 1883-86; N. Dist., 1886-89; N.E. Dist., 1889-90. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff (Despatches, May 1900).

=Stevenson.=--Lieut. A. G. Stevenson, R.E., D.S.O. Entered 1891. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1895-99; Railway Staff Off., S. Africa, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--Ex. to Dongola 1896 (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie); Nile Ex., 1897 (clasp; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; clasp to Egyptian medal; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Stevenson.=--Col. R. Stevenson. Entered 1864; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Aux. Forces, 1879-82; Recg. Staff Off., 1st class, Leeds Recg. Dist., 1892-97; Assist.-Insp. of Remounts, 1899; Remount Dept., S. Africa, Oct. 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Steyn.=--M. T. Steyn, President of the Orange Free State till 1900. Advocate, 1883-89; State Attorney, 1889-93; Second Puisne Judge, 1889-93; First, 1893-96. Mr. Steyn, born at Winburg in 1857, is the son of Mr. M. Steyn and the daughter of Comdt. Wessels. In 1897 a Joint-Federal Council was appointed (consisting of five members from each Republic) to discuss questions of mutual importance, and it was then arranged that the franchise should be granted indiscriminately to burghers of both States, both States agreeing to stand by each other in the event of war. As a result of this agreement Mr. Steyn played a prominent part in the Conference at Bloemfontein in 1899. He married a lady of Scottish descent, the daughter of the Rev. Colin Fraser. Like "Oom Paul" he stands six feet high in his stockings, but unlike him, is well educated and civilised in his customs, having inherited from his father (who was called "Shiny Shoes" on account of his neatness) habits of greater cleanliness and refinement than those of Mr. Kruger.

=Stokes.=--Sir William Stokes. This eminent surgeon devoted himself to the wounded, and by his skill saved many lives and mitigated much suffering.

=Stoneman.=--Lieut.-Col. J. Stoneman, A.S.C.; Lieut.-Col., 1894; D.A.A.G. Ladysmith, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G. Lines of Communication.

=Stopford.=--Col. Hon. Frederick W. Stopford, C.B. Entered Grenadier Guards 1871; Col., 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Chief of Staff Ex. Force, Egypt, 1882; A.D.C. to. Brig.-Gen., Egypt, 1884-85; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Ex. Force, Suakin, 1885; Brig.-Maj. Guards Brigade, Egypt and Cyprus, 1885; Brig.-Maj., Aldershot, 1886-89; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1892-94; D.A.A.G., Aldershot, 1894-97; Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1897-99; Mil. Sec. to Gen. Com.-in-Chief, 1899-1900; S. Africa Mil. Sec. to G.O.C., Natal, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; 5th class Medjidie); Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; clasp; Brev. of Maj.); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; Brev. of Col.; star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Col. Stopford, born 1854, is the son of the 4th Earl of Courtown.

=Streatfield.=--Maj. H. Streatfield. Entered 1876; Maj., Grenadier Guards, 1893. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Gov. Gen., Canada, 1883-85; Mil. Sec. to Gov. Gen., Canada, 1886-88; A.D.C. to Viceroy, India, 1888-91; A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gov. and Gen.-Gov., Ireland, 1892-94; Assist. Mil. Sec. to G.O.C. the Forces, Ireland, 1895-99; A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; with Kimberley Relief Force (Despatches; Jan. 1900).

=Stuart= (7th Bart.).--Sir Simeon H. L. Stuart, Capt. Suffolk Yeomanry Cavalry; Commanding Imperial Yeomanry. Sir Simeon Stuart was formerly in the 5th Dragoon Guards. He was born in 1864, and married in 1891 the daughter of Mr. H. Gudge, Sec. to the Austrian Legation.

=Symons.=--Sir William Penn Symons, K.C.B. _See_ vol. ii. p. 35.

=Talbot.=--Lieut.-Col. Lord Edmund Bernard Talbot, M.P. Entered, 11th Hussars, 1875; Lieut.-Col., Sept. 1900. _Staff Service_--Spec. Service, S. Africa, 1899-1900; D.A.A.G., S. Africa, Feb. 1900. Lord Edmund Talbot, born in 1855, is the brother of the Duke of Norfolk. He married in 1879 the daughter of the 7th Earl of Abingdon.

=Teck= (Duke of).--H.S.H. Adolphus C. A. Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus of Teck, K.C.V.O.; Capt. 1st Life Guards. Entered 1888; Capt., 1895. The Duke, born 1868, is the son of the late Duke and the late H.R.H. Princess Mary of Cambridge, and the brother of the Duchess of York. He married the daughter of the 1st Duke of Westminster.

=Teck.=--H.S.H. Prince Alexander A. F. W. A. G. of Teck, K.C.V.O., Capt. 7th Hussars. Entered 1894; Capt., April 1900. _War Service_--Op. in S. Africa 1896-97 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Teck.=--H.S.H. Prince Francis J. L. F. of Teck, K.C.V.O., D.S.O., Capt. 1st Dragoons. Entered, 9th Lancers, 1889. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., India, 1896-97; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1897; A.D.C. to G.O.C., S.E. Dist., 1899; Staff Capt. Remount Estab., 1899-1900; Remount Dept., S. Africa, May 1900. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1897 (medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Thackeray.=--Col. T. M. G. Thackeray, 1st Batt. Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. For career _see_ vol. iv. p. 149.

=Theron.=--T. P. Theron, Member of Cape House of Assembly. A sheep farmer, an ardent Bondsman, and "much envied by his fellow Africanders for his townsman's aptitudes." He was born in 1839 at Tulbagh, elected Member for Richmond in 1884, and re-elected in 1888.

=Thomas.=--Major A. H. Thomas, D.S.O., A.S.C. Entered 1880; Maj., 1895. _War Service_--Op. in Sierra Leone, 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Thomas.=--Lieut.-Col. Sir G. V. Thomas, Bart., R.A. Entered 1875; Maj., R.A., 1892. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-9 (medal); Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Soudan, 1884 (2 clasps; 4th class Medjidie).

=Thorneycroft.=--Lieut.-Col. A. W. Thorneycroft. Entered from Militia, 1879; Maj., Royal Scots Fusiliers, 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. Natal, 1899; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, Oct. 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879-81 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900. This officer, a giant in every sense of the word, who raised and commanded Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry, has made himself noted for gallantry and ability. He is the son of Colonel Thorneycroft of Tettenhall Towers; every inch a soldier like his father; an enthusiastic sportsman, and distinguished in social as in military accomplishments.

=Thorold.=--Col. Thorold, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. For career _see_ vol. iv. p. 150.

=Tickell.=--Maj. E. J. Tickell, D.S.O. Entered 1885; Maj., 14th Hussars, 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed in Uganda Protectorate, 1898-1900; Spec. Serv., Rhodesian Field Force, Feb. 1900. _War Service_--Uganda, 1898 (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Todd.=--Lieut.-Col. O. Todd, M.B., R.A.M.C. Lieut.-Col., March 1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Townsend.=--Col. E. Townsend. Col. R.A.M.C., 1897. _War Service_--Abyssinian Ex., 1867-68 (medal); Perak Ex., 1875-76, severely wounded (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1879 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1885-86 (medal with clasp); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; star); N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Tirah, 1897-98 (Despatches; C.B.; clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches).

=Townshend.=--Lieut.-Col. C. V. F. Townshend, C.B., D.S.O. Entered 1881; Brev. Lieut.-Col., 1896. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1896-98; Spec. Serv., S Africa; Staff Mil. Gov., Bloemfontein, March, 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); Hunza Nagar Ex., 1891-92 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (thanked by Govt. of India; Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; C.B.); Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; D.S.O.); S. African War; on Staff.

=Towse.=--Capt. E. B. Towse, #V.C.# Entered from Militia, Wiltshire Regiment, 1885; Capt. Gordon Highlanders, 1896. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1898 (2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900 (Despatches; #V.C.#; severely wounded). _See_ V.C. list.

=Trench.=--Lieut.-Col. F. A. Le P. Trench, A.S.C. Lieut.-Col., Feb. 1895. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. Scottish Dist., 1899. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Treves.=--Frederick Treves, F.R.C.S. Consulting Surgeon to the Forces in S. Africa; Member of Court of Examiners of the Royal College of Surgeons; Examiner in Surgery at the University of Cambridge and in Anatomy at the Universities of Aberdeen and Durham. Mr. Treves was born in 1843, and married in 1877 to the daughter of Mr. Mason of Dorchester. He has written innumerable scientific works, and won the Jacksonian Prize Essay at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1884. Officers and men are deeply grateful for the skill and devotion he has expended on their behalf during the present war.

=Trotter.=--Lieut.-Col. J. K. Trotter, C.M.G. Entered R.A. 1870; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Spec. Serv., Bechuanaland, 1884-85; Brig.-Maj. (Cork Dist.) R.A. and Malta, 1886-90; Staff Capt. (Intell.) Headquarters of Army, 1890-91; D.A.A.G. (Intell.) Headquarters of Army, 1892-95; employed on Sierra Leone Boundary Commission, 1895-96; A.A.G. S. Africa, 1899; D.A.G. S. Africa, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85 (hon. mentioned); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Tucker.=--Lieut.-Gen. Charles Tucker, C.B. Entered 1855; Maj.-Gen., 1893. _Staff Service_--Col. on Staff, Natal, 1891-93; Brig.-Gen., Natal, 1893-95; Maj.-Gen., India, 1895-99; Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Bhootan Ex., 1865-66 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1878-79 (Despatches, April and Aug. 1879; medal with clasp; C.B.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. Gen. Tucker, born in 1838, is a son of Mr. Tucker of Ashburton and a daughter of Mr. Hayter, Painter-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria. As a practical, resourceful, and rough-and-ready soldier, he has no equal. He was rewarded in 1896 for "distinguished and meritorious" service with a "good-service" pension.

=Tullibardine.=--Capt. the Marquis of Tullibardine, D.S.O., Royal Horse Guards. Entered 1892; Capt., 1899. _Staff Service_--Specially employed with Egyptian Army, 1898. _War Service_--Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches, May and Sept. 1898; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Tunbridge.=--Maj. W. H. Tunbridge rendered valuable service with the 3rd Contingent Queensland Mounted Infantry.

=Umphelby.=--Lieut.-Col. C. E. E. Umphelby. For career _see_ vol. iv. p. 104.

=Valentia= (11th Viscount).--Arthur Annesley, M.P. Lieut.-Col. Oxford Yeomanry Cavalry; Assist. Adjt. Gen. Imp. Yeomanry. Lord Valentia, born in 1843, succeeded his grandfather in 1863. He retired from the 10th Hussars in 1872, and in 1878 married the widow of Sir Algernon Peyton.

=Vandeleur.=--Maj. C. F. Seymour Vandeleur, D.S.O. Entered 1889; Brev. Maj., 1899. _Staff Service_--Employed in Uganda Protectorate, 1894-96; Spec. Extra Regt. Employ, 1896-97; employed with Egyptian Army, 1897-99; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Unyoro Ex., 1895 (Despatches; medal); Nandi Ex., 1895-96 (Despatches; D.S.O.); Op. on the Niger, 1897 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; medal with clasp); Nile Ex., 1898, wounded (Despatches; 4th class Medjidie; 2 clasps to Egyptian medal); S. African War 1899-1900.

=Verner.=--Lieut.-Col. W. Willoughby Cole Verner. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1896. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Gibraltar, 1877-78; D.A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885; D.A.A.G. for Inst. S.E. Dist., 1885-92; Prof. R. Mil. Coll., 1896-99; D.A.A.G. (Topog.); S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Vernon.=--Capt. H. E. Vernon, D.S.O. Entered 1888; Capt. Rifle Brig., 1897. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen., Inf. Brig., Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Op. in S. Africa, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Vialls.=--Maj. H. G. Vialls. A notable member of the West Australian Bushman's Corps.

=Vincent.=--Sir Charles E. Howard Vincent, K.T., K.C.M.G., C.B., M.P., Lieut.-Col. 13th Middlesex V.R.C. Sir Charles Howard Vincent who, in spite of his numerous duties, so patriotically hurried to the front with the rest of the gallant volunteers, has always kept in touch with military affairs. He was born in 1849, and spent the years from 1868 to 1873 in the Royal Welsh Fusiliers. Later, he joined the Berks Militia, and afterwards became Lieut.-Colonel of the Central London Rangers. He has filled with distinction many important posts. He was Director of Criminal Investigations, Metropolitan Police, 1878-84; Member of Metropolitan Board of Works, 1888; Founder of United Empire Trade League, 1891; Chairman of National Union Conservative Associations, 1895; Member of London County Council, 1889-96. He has been M.P. for Central Sheffield since 1885.

=Waldron.=--Lieut.-Col. F. Waldron, R.A. Entered 1873; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Canada, 1890-95. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Walford.=--Col. Walford. This officer rendered meritorious service with the British S. Africa Police.

=Wallack.=--Col. T. E. Wallack. This officer rendered splendid service with the Tasmanian Corps of Imperial Bushmen.

=Wallnutt.=--Maj. Claude C. M. Wallnutt, D.S.O. This gallant officer entered the army in 1881, and became a Major in 1898. He had distinguished himself in the Soudan, in the Chitral Relief Force, and on the N.W. Frontier of India, including Dargai and the Operations in the Maidan. He was killed in the Boer attack on Waggon Hill, Ladysmith, on the 6th of Jan.

=Ward.=--Col. E. W. D. Ward, C.B., A.A.G., Natal. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G., Headquarters, Ireland, 1892-95; D.A.A.G., Home Dist.; Spec. Serv., Ashanti, 1895-96; A.A.G., Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1885 (Despatches; medal with 2 clasps; bronze star; promoted Assist. Comdt.-Gen.); Ashanti Ex., 1895-96 (hon. mentioned; star); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff. This remarkable officer, born in 1853, who was one of the prime actors in the gallant defence of Ladysmith, is the son of the late Capt. J. Ward, R.N.

=Warren.=--Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Warren, R.E., G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Entered 1857; Lieut.-Gen., 1897. _Staff Service_--Inst. in Surveying School of Mil. Eng., 1880-84; Maj.-Gen. (local), S. Africa, 1884-85; Maj.-Gen. (local), Egypt, 1886; Col. on Staff, Straits Settlements, 1889-93; Brig.-Gen., Straits Settlements, 1893-94; Maj.-Gen., Thames Dist., 1895-98; Lieut.-Gen., Inf. Div., S. Africa, 1899-1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1877-79 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Egyptian Ex., 1882 (medal; bronze star; K.C.M.G.; 3rd class Medjidie); Bechuanaland Ex., 1884-85 (G.C.M.G.); S. African War, 1899-1900; afterwards Mil. Gov., N. Cape Colony. Sir Charles, who was born in 1840, is the son of the late Gen. Sir Charles Warren, K.C.B. He married in 1864 the daughter of Mr. Haydon, Guildford.

=Watermeyer.=--Capt. Watermeyer, Cape Town Highlanders; A.D.C. to Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief.

=Watson.=--Maj. J. K. Watson, D.S.O., A.D.C. to Lord Kitchener. Entered 1885; Brev.-Maj., 1898. _Staff Service_--Employed with Egyptian Army, 1894-99. _War Service_--Burma, 1891-92; Ex. to Dongola, 1896 (Despatches; D.S.O.; Egyptian medal with 2 clasps); Nile Ex., 1897 (4th class Medjidie; clasp to Egyptian medal); Nile Ex., 1898 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.; 2 clasps Egyptian medal; medal); Nile Ex., 1899 (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900. This distinguished officer, who, in S. Africa as in the Soudan, has performed a vast amount of valuable service with little display, is the son of Gen. J. K. Watson (late 60th Rifles). He was born in 1865.

=Wauchope.=--Maj.-Gen. A. G. Wauchope, C.B., C.M.G. For career _see_ vol. ii. p. 184.

=Wavell.=--Maj.-Gen. Archibald G. Wavell. Entered 1863; Brev. Col., 1894; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1900. _Staff Service_--Fort Adjt., King William's Town, 1868-70; Spec. Serv., S. Africa, 1879; Staff Officer Volunteers, Cape of Good Hope, 1880-81; D.A.A.G. and D.A.A.G. for Inst., Scottish Dist., 1894-95; A.A.G. for Recg., Headquarters of Army, 1898-1900. _War Service_--S. African War, 1879 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Wells-Cole.=--Capt. H. Wells-Cole, D.S.O., York Light Infantry. Entered 1884; Capt., 1892. _War Service_--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; D.S.O.; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Western.=--Col. C. M. Western. Entered Royal Artillery, 1869; Brev.-Col., 1899. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79 (medal); S. African War, 1881.

=Westminster= (2nd Duke of).--Hugh R. A. Grosvenor. The Duke of Westminster, born in 1879, joined the Royal Horse Guards in Aug. 1900. He has acted in the capacity of A.D.C. (extra) to Lord Roberts.

=White.=--Gen. Sir George Stewart White, #V.C.#, G.C.B., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., G.C.V.O., Col. Gordon Highlanders. Entered 1853. Lieut.-Gen., 1895. _Staff Service_--Mil. Sec. to Viceroy, India, 1880-81; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1885; A.A. and Q.M.G., Egypt, 1885; Brig.-Gen., Madras, 1885; Commanding Brig., Burmese Ex., 1885-86; Commanding Upper Burmah Field Force, 1886-89; Maj.-Gen., Bengal, 1889-93; Com.-in-Chief, E. Indies, 1893-98; Q.M.G. Headquarters of Army, 1898-99; Lieut.-Gen., Natal, 1899-1900; Gov. and Com.-in-Chief, Gibraltar, July 1900. _War Service_--Indian Mutiny (medal); Afghan War, 1879-80 (Despatches; medal with 3 clasps; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.; #V.C.#; C.B.); Soudan Ex. 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1885-89 (thanked by Govt. of India; Despatches; K.C.B.; promoted Maj.-Gen.); Op. of Zhob Field Force, 1890 (Despatches); Op. N.W. Frontier of India (Despatches); S. African War, 1899-1900; G.O.C. Natal Field Force. Sir George White, born in 1835, is the son of Mr. J. R. White and the daughter of Mr. G. Steuart. He married in 1874 Miss Bayley, daughter of the Archdeacon of Calcutta. Before the Afghan War General White was comparatively unknown, but after that date honours rained thickly upon him. From the outset Lord Roberts had noted his splendid ability, and in "Forty-one Years in India" he showed his readiness to recognise how much of the success of the victory of Charasiah he owed to his gallant subordinate. The following passage serves to show the generosity of the one, and the gallantry of the other: "Major White explained to me his part in the victory of the previous day. From my inspection of the ground I had no difficulty in coming to the conclusion that much of the success which attended the operations on this side was due to White's military instincts, and, at one supreme moment, his extreme personal gallantry. It afforded me very great pleasure, therefore, to recommend this officer for the Victoria Cross, an honour of which more than one incident in his subsequent career proved him to be well worthy." In the prosaic language of the London _Gazette_ the "supreme moment" is thus described: "Finding that the artillery and rifle fire failed to dislodge the enemy from a fortified hill, which it was necessary to capture, Major White led an attack upon it in person. Advancing with two companies of his regiment, and climbing from one steep ledge to another, he came upon a body of the enemy, strongly posted, and outnumbering his force by about eight to one. His men being much exhausted, and immediate action being necessary, Major White took a rifle and, going on by himself, shot the leader of the enemy. This act so intimidated the rest that they fled round the side of the hill, and the position was won." The "gallant and ever-foremost Major White" was again eulogised by the conqueror of Kandahar, who wrote inspiritingly of the intrepidity with which he and the dauntless Gordons dashed themselves against the one remaining entrenched position: "It now became necessary to take this position by storm, and recognising the fact with true soldierly instinct, Major White, who was leading the advanced companies of the 92nd, called upon the men for just one charge more, 'to close the business.' The battery of screw guns had been shelling the position, and under cover of its fire, and supported by a portion of the 2nd Gurkhas and 23rd Pioneers, the Highlanders, responding with alacrity to their leader's call, dashed forward and drove the enemy from their entrenchments at the point of the bayonet. Major White was the first to reach the guns, being closely followed by Sepoy Inderbir Lama, who, placing his rifle on one of them, exclaimed, 'Captured in the name of the 2nd (Prince of Wales's Own) Gurkhas!'"

=White.=--Lieut.-Col. H. White. This officer rendered conspicuous service with the British S. Africa Police.

=Williams.=--Col. W. D. C. Williams. This officer rendered meritorious service with the New South Wales Army Medical Corps.

=Williams.=--Capt. W. de L. Williams, D.S.O., Hampshire Regiment. Entered 1891; Capt., 1898. _Staff Service_--Spec. Extra Regimental Employ, 1898-99. _War Service_--Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98, severely wounded (medal with 2 clasps); W. Africa, 1898, wounded (Despatches; D.S.O.); S. African War, 1899-1900, severely wounded.

=Wilson.=--Surgeon Gen. W. D. Wilson, R.A.M.C. Col. R.A.M.C., 1894; Army Medical Staff, 1898. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-79-80 (medal); Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal; bronze star); Soudan, 1884 (Despatches; 2 clasps; pro. Surg.-Maj., ranking with Lieut.-Col.), S. African War; P.M.O.

=Winchester= (15th Marquis).--Augustus J. H. B. Paulet. For career _see_ vol. ii. p. 186.

=Wolseley-Jenkins.=--Lieut.-Col. C. B. H. Wolseley-Jenkins, 19th Hussars. Entered 1874; Lieut.-Col., 1897. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (medal with clasp; bronze star); wounded (Despatches; 2 clasps; 4th class Medjidie; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900; Commanding Cavalry, Ladysmith.

=Wood.=--Col. C. K. Wood, R.E. Entered 1872; Col., S. Africa, April 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1889-94; Col. on Staff (Chf. Eng.), Natal, April 1900. _War Service_--Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (medal with clasp; bronze star); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Wood.=--Lieut.-Col. C. Wood, Essex Regiment. Entered 1872; Lieut.-Col., 1900. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Militia, 1887-92. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Wood.=--Maj.-Gen. Elliot Wood, C.B. Entered R.E. 1864; Col., 1889. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. to Inspector-General of Fortifications, War Office, 1880; Spec. Serv., Egypt, 1884; A.A.G., Royal Engineers, Headquarters of Army, 1889-94; Col. on Staff (Commanding R.E.), Malta, 1894-99; Col. on Staff (Commanding R.E.), Aldershot, 1899; Maj.-Gen. (Chief Eng.), S. Africa, 1899. _War Service_--Egyptian Ex., 1882-84 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Maj.; 4th class Medjidie; Despatches, March, 2nd and 6th May, 1884; 2 clasps; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Soudan Ex., 1885 (Despatches; 2 clasps; C.B.); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Woodgate.=--Maj.-Gen. Sir E. Robert Prevost Woodgate, K.C.M.G., C.B., C.M.G. For career _see_ vol. iii. p. 116.

=Woodland.=--Lieut.-Col. A. L. Woodland, 1st Batt. Durham Light Infantry. Entered 1867; Lieut.-Col., 1896. _War Service_--S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Wools Sampson.=--Lieut.-Col. Wools Sampson. This dashing officer commanded the splendid regiment of S. African Colonials, the Imperial Light Horse.

=Wright.-=-Lieut.-Col. A. J. A. Wright, East Lancashire Regiment. Entered 1870; Lieut.-Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--D.A.A.G. (Musk.) Bengal, 1883-95; Adjt. Militia, 1890-98. _War Service_--Op. in Chitral, 1895 (medal with clasp); S. African War, 1899-1900.

=Wyndham-Quin.=--Maj. W. H. Wyndham-Quin, M.P. Major Wyndham-Quin, who was formerly in the 16th Lancers, is another of the patriotic number who went to the front with the Imperial Yeomanry. He was born in 1857, served in the Boer War of 1881, and married in 1885 the daughter of the 6th Earl of Mayo.

=Wynne.=--Maj.-Gen. A. S. Wynne, C.B. Entered 1863; Col., 1891. _Staff Service_--Spec., S. Africa, 1881; employed with Egyptian Army, 1883-85; D.A.A.G., Headquarters of Army, 1886-88; A.A.G., Curragh, 1891-94; D.A.G., Malta, 1894-98; Aldershot, 1898-99; Assist. Mil. Sec., Headquarters of Army, 1899; D.A.G., S. Africa, 1899-1900; Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, Jan. 1900. _War Service_--Jowaki Ex., 1877 (Despatches; medal with clasp); Afghan War, 1878-79 (Despatches; medal with clasp; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1881; Soudan Ex., 1884-85 (Despatches; medal with clasp; bronze star; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; with Ladysmith Relief Force (wounded, Feb. 22).

=Wynyard.=--Capt. E. G. Wynyard, D.S.O., Welsh Regiment. Entered 1883. _Staff Service_--Adjt. Volunteers, 1899; Inst. R. Mil. Coll., 1899. _War Service_--Burmese Ex., 1885-87 (Despatches; medal with clasp; D.S.O.).

=Yarde-Buller.=--Capt. Hon. H. Yarde-Buller, Rifle Brigade, A.D.C. Entered 1884; Capt., 1893. _Staff Service_--A.D.C. (extra) to Gov., Bombay, 1887-88; A.D.C. (extra) to G.O.C., Aldershot, 1896-97; A.D.C. to Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., S. Africa, 1899; A.D.C. to Lieut.-Gen. Inf. Div., S. Africa. _War Service_--Waziristan Ex., 1894-95; Nile Ex., 1898 (Egyptian medal with clasp; medal); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff.

=Younghusband.=--Maj. G. J. Younghusband, I.S.C. Entered 1878; Major, I.S.C., 1898. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1878-80 (medal with clasp); Soudan Ex., 1885 (medal with clasp; bronze star); Burmese Ex., 1886-87 (medal with clasp); Op. in Chitral, 1895 (Despatches; Brev. of Maj.); S. African War, 1899-1900; severely wounded; Commanded 3rd Battalion Imperial Yeomanry throughout Lord Methuen's operations.

=Yule.=--Col. J. H. Yule. Entered 1865; Col., 1899. _Staff Service_--Maj.-Gen. Inf. Brig., Natal, 1899. _War Service_--Afghan War, 1879-80 (medal); Burma, 1889-92 (medal with clasp; Brev. of Lieut.-Col.); Op. on N.W. Frontier of India, 1897-98 (Despatches; Brev. of Col.; medal with 2 clasps); S. African War, 1899-1900; on Staff; action at Dundee.

FOOTNOTES:

[19] The military details do not extend beyond the information contained in the Official Army Lists of 1900.

[20] This was written prior to the display of brutality towards the Peace Envoys.

[21] Now Commander-in-Chief in S. Africa.

RECIPIENTS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS

Queen Victoria was pleased to confer the decoration of the Victoria Cross on the following officers, non-commissioned officers, and men, whose claims were submitted to her Majesty's approval, for their conspicuous bravery in South Africa, as stated against their names[22]:--

=Captain Matthew Fontaine Maury Meiklejohn= of the Gordon Highlanders.--At the battle of Elandslaagte, on October 21, 1899, after the main Boer position had been captured, some men of the Gordon Highlanders, when about to assault a kopje in advance, were exposed to a heavy cross-fire, and, having lost their leaders, commenced to waver. Seeing this, Captain Meiklejohn rushed to the front and called on the Gordons to follow him. By his conspicuous bravery and fearless example, he rallied the men and led them against the enemy's position, where he fell, desperately wounded in four places.

=Captains C. H. Mullins and R. Johnstone=, Imperial Light Horse.--On the 21st October 1899, at Elandslaagte, at a most critical moment, the advance being momentarily checked by a very severe fire at point-blank range, these two officers very gallantly rushed forward under this heavy fire and rallied the men, thus enabling the flanking movement which decided the day to be carried out. On this occasion Captain Mullins was wounded.

=Sergeant-Major (now Quartermaster and Hon. Lieutenant) William Robertson= of the Gordon Highlanders.--At the battle of Elandslaagte, on October 21, 1899, during the final advance on the enemy's position, Sergt.-Major Robertson led each successive rush, exposing himself fearlessly to the enemy's artillery and rifle fire to encourage the men. After the main position had been captured, he led a small party to seize the Boer camp. Though exposed to a deadly cross-fire from the enemy's rifles, he gallantly held on to the position captured, and continued to encourage the men until he was dangerously wounded in two places.

=Second Lieutenant John Norwood=, 5th Dragoon Guards.--On October 30, 1899, Second Lieutenant Norwood went out from Ladysmith in charge of a small patrol of the 5th Dragoon Guards. They came under a heavy fire from the enemy, who were posted on a ridge in great force. The patrol, which had arrived within about 600 yards of the ridge, then retired at full speed. One man dropped, and Second Lieutenant Norwood galloped back about 300 yards through heavy fire, dismounted, and picking up the fallen trooper, carried him out of fire on his back, at the same time leading his horse with one hand. The enemy kept up an incessant fire during the whole time that Second Lieutenant Norwood was carrying the man until he was quite out of range.

*=Lieutenant H. E. M. Douglas=, Royal Army Medical Corps.--On December 11, 1899, during the action at Majesfontein, Lieutenant Douglas showed great gallantry and devotion under a very severe fire in advancing in the open and attending to Captain Gordon, Gordon Highlanders, who was wounded, and also attending to Major Robinson and other wounded men under a fearful fire. Many similar acts of devotion and gallantry were performed by Lieutenant Douglas on the same day.

=Corporal J. Shaul=, the Highland Light Infantry.--On December 11, 1899, during the battle of Majesfontein, Corporal Shaul was observed (not only by the officers of his own battalion but by several officers of other regiments) to perform several specific acts of bravery. Corporal Shaul was in charge of stretcher-bearers; but at one period of the battle he was seen encouraging men to advance across the open. He was most conspicuous during the day in dressing men's wounds, and in one case he came, under a heavy fire, to a man who was lying wounded in the back, and, with the utmost coolness and deliberation, sat down beside the wounded man and proceeded to dress his wound. Having done this, he got up and went quietly to another part of the field. This act of gallantry was performed under a continuous and heavy fire as coolly and quietly as if there had been no enemy near.

=Captain W. N. Congreve=, the Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own).--At Colenso, on December 15, 1899, the detachments serving the guns of the 14th and 66th Batteries, Royal Field Artillery, had all been either killed, wounded, or driven from their guns by infantry fire at close range, and the guns were deserted. About 500 yards behind the guns was a donga in which some of the few horses and drivers left alive were sheltered. The intervening space was swept with shell and rifle fire. Captain Congreve, Rifle Brigade, who was in the donga, assisted to hook a team into a limber, went out, and assisted to limber up a gun. Being wounded, he took shelter; but seeing Lieutenant Roberts fall, badly wounded, he went out again and brought him in. Captain Congreve was shot through the leg, through the toe of his boot, grazed on the elbow and the shoulder, and his horse shot in three places.

=Lieutenant the Hon. F. H. S. Roberts= (since deceased), the King's Royal Rifle Corps.--Lieutenant Roberts assisted Captain Congreve. He was wounded in three places.

=Corporal G. E. Nurse=, 66th Battery, Royal Field Artillery.--Corporal Nurse also assisted.

=Captain H. L. Reed=, 7th Battery, Royal Field Artillery.--Captain Reed, who had heard of the difficulty, shortly afterwards brought down three teams from his battery to see if he could be of any use. He was wounded, as were five of the thirteen men who rode with him; one was killed; and thirteen out of twenty-one horses were killed before he got half-way to the guns, and he was obliged to retire.

=Major William Babtie, C.M.G.=, of the Royal Army Medical Corps.--In the engagement the wounded of the 14th and 66th Batteries, Royal Field Artillery, were lying in an advanced donga close in the rear of the guns without any medical officer to attend to them, and when a message was sent back asking for assistance, Major Babtie rode up under a heavy rifle fire, his pony being hit three times. When he arrived at the donga, where the wounded were lying in sheltered corners, he attended to them all, going from place to place exposed to the heavy rifle fire which greeted any one who showed himself. Late in the day Major Babtie went out with Captain Congreve to bring in Lieutenant Roberts, who was lying wounded on the veldt. This also was under a heavy fire.

=Captain Charles FitzClarence=, the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment).--On the 14th October 1899, Captain FitzClarence went with his squadron of the Protectorate Regiment, consisting of only partially trained men, who had never been in action, to the assistance of an armoured train which had gone out from Mafeking. The enemy were in greatly superior numbers, and the squadron was for a time surrounded, and it looked as if nothing could save them from being shot down. Captain FitzClarence, however, by his personal coolness and courage, inspired the greatest confidence in his men, and by his bold and efficient handling of them, not only succeeded in relieving the armoured train, but inflicted a heavy defeat on the Boers, who lost fifty killed and a large number wounded, his own losses being two killed and fifteen wounded. The moral effect of this blow had a very important bearing on subsequent encounters with the Boers.

On the 27th October 1899, Captain FitzClarence led his squadron from Mafeking across the open, and made a night attack with the bayonet on one of the enemy's trenches. A hand-to-hand fight took place in the trench, while a heavy fire was concentrated on it from the rear. The enemy was driven out with heavy loss. Captain FitzClarence was the first man into the position, and accounted for four of the enemy with his sword. The British lost six killed and nine wounded. Captain FitzClarence was himself slightly wounded. With reference to these two actions, Major-General Baden-Powell states that, had this officer not shown an extraordinary spirit and fearlessness, the attacks would have been failures, and we should have suffered heavy loss both in men and prestige. On the 26th December 1899, during the action at Game Tree, near Mafeking, Captain FitzClarence again distinguished himself by his coolness and courage, and was again wounded (severely through both legs).

=Sergeant H. R. Martineau=, Protectorate Regiment.--On the 26th December 1899, during the fight at Game Tree, near Mafeking, when the order to retire had been given, Sergeant Martineau stopped and picked up Corporal Le Camp, who had been struck down about ten yards from the Boer trenches, and half dragged, half carried him towards a bush about 150 yards from the trenches. In doing this Sergeant Martineau was wounded in the side, but paid no attention to it, and proceeded to staunch and bandage the wounds of his comrade, whom he afterwards assisted to retire. The firing while they were retiring was very heavy, and Sergeant Martineau was again wounded. When shot the second time he was absolutely exhausted from supporting his comrade, and sank down unable to proceed further. He received three wounds, one of which necessitated the amputation of his arm near the shoulder.

=Trooper H. E. Ramsden=, Protectorate Regiment.--On the 26th December 1899, during the fight at Game Tree, near Mafeking, after the order to retire was given, Trooper H. E. Ramsden picked up his brother, Trooper A. E. Ramsden, who had been shot through both legs and was lying about ten yards from the Boer trenches, and carried him about 600 or 800 yards under a heavy fire (putting him down from time to time for a rest) till they met some men who helped to carry him to a place of safety.

=Lieutenant (now Captain) Sir John P. Milbanke, Bart.=, 10th Hussars.--On the 5th January 1900, during a reconnaissance near Colesberg, Sir John Milbanke, when retiring under fire with a small patrol of the 10th Hussars, notwithstanding the fact that he had just been severely wounded in the thigh, rode back to the assistance of one of the men whose pony was exhausted, and who was under fire from some Boers who had dismounted. Sir John Milbanke took the man up on his own horse under a most galling fire and brought him safely back to camp.

=Lieutenant Francis Newton Parsons= (since deceased), Essex Regiment.--On the morning of the 18th of February 1900, at Paardeberg, on the south bank of the river Modder, Private Ferguson, 1st Battalion Essex Regiment, was wounded and fell in a place devoid of cover. While trying to crawl under cover he was again wounded in the stomach. Lieutenant Parsons at once went to his assistance, dressed his wound under heavy fire, went down twice (still under heavy fire) to the bank of the river to get water for Private Ferguson, and subsequently carried him to a place of safety. This officer was recommended for the Victoria Cross by Lieutenant-General Kelly-Kenny, C.B., on the 3rd of March last. Lieutenant Parsons was killed on the 10th of March in the engagement at Driefontein, on which occasion he again displayed conspicuous gallantry.

=Private (now Corporal) A. E. Curtis=, 2nd Battalion East Surrey Regiment.--On the 23rd February 1900, Colonel Harris lay all day long in a perfectly open space under close fire of a Boer breastwork. The Boers fired all day at any man who moved, and Colonel Harris was wounded eight or nine times. Private Curtis, after several attempts, succeeded in reaching the Colonel, bound his wounded arm, and gave him his flask--all under heavy fire. He then tried to carry him away, but was unable, on which he called for assistance and Private Morton came out at once. Fearing that the men would be killed, Colonel Harris told them to leave him, but they declined, and after trying to carry the Colonel on their rifles they made a chair with their hands and so carried him out of fire.

=Lieutenant E. T. Inkson=, Royal Army Medical Corps.--On the 24th February 1900, Lieutenant Inkson carried Second Lieutenant Devenish (who was severely wounded and unable to walk) for three or four hundred yards under a very heavy fire to a place of safety. The ground over which Lieutenant Inkson had to move was much exposed, there being no cover available.

=Captain Conwyn Mansel-Jones=, the West Yorkshire Regiment.--On February 27, 1900, during the assault on Terrace Hill, north of the Tugela, in Natal, the companies of the West Yorkshire Regiment on the northern slope of the hill met with a severe shell, Vickers-Maxim, and rifle fire, and their advance was for a few moments checked. Captain C. Mansel-Jones, however, by his strong initiative, restored confidence, and, in spite of his falling very seriously wounded, the men took the whole ridge without further check, this officer's self-sacrificing devotion to duty at a critical moment having averted what might have proved a serious check to the whole assault.

=Sergeant H. Engleheart=, 10th Hussars.--At dawn on March 13, 1900, the party that had destroyed the railway north of Bloemfontein had to charge through a Boer piquet and get over four deep spruits in order to make their way back through the Boer lines. At the fourth spruit Sapper Webb's horse failed to get up the bank, and he was left in a very dangerous position. In face of a very heavy rifle and shell fire, and notwithstanding the great chance of being cut off, Sergeant Engleheart returned to Sapper Webb's assistance. It took some time to get the man and his horse out of the sluit, and the position became momentarily more critical owing to the advance of the Boers. He was, however, at last successful, and retiring slowly, to cover Webb's retreat, was able to get him safely back to the party. Shortly before this, Sergeant Engleheart had shown great gallantry in dashing into the first spruit, which could only be reached in single file, and was still full of Boers hesitating whether to fly or fire. Had they been given time to rally they must have destroyed the small party of British, as they outnumbered them by four to one.

=Major Phipps-Hornby, Sergeant Charles Parker, Gunner Isaac Lodge, Driver Horace Harry Glasock=, Q Battery, R.H.A.--Four Victoria Crosses were awarded to members of Q Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, for gallantry displayed at Koorn Spruit. As every man of the battery had displayed equally conspicuous courage, Lord Roberts decided to deal with the case under Rule 13 of the Warrant of the Order, and allotted four badges--one for officers, one for non-commissioned officers, and two for gunners and drivers. The circumstances in which Major Phipps-Hornby was selected for the honour in the first class mentioned are set forth in the following extract from the London _Gazette_: "On the occasion of the action at Koorn Spruit on March 31, 1900, a British force, including two batteries of the Royal Horse Artillery, was retiring from Thabanchu towards Bloemfontein. The enemy had formed an ambush at Koorn Spruit, and, before their presence was discovered by the main body, had captured the greater portion of the baggage column and five out of the six guns of the leading battery. When the alarm was given Q Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, was within 300 yards of the spruit. Major Phipps-Hornby, who commanded it, at once wheeled about and moved off at a gallop under a very heavy fire. One gun upset when a wheel-horse was shot, and had to be abandoned, together with a waggon, the horses of which were killed. The remainder of the battery reached a position close to some unfinished railway buildings, and came into action 1150 yards from the spruit, remaining in action until ordered to retire. When the order to retire was received, Major Phipps-Hornby ordered the guns and their limbers to be run back by hand to where the teams of uninjured horses stood behind the unfinished buildings. The few remaining gunners, assisted by a number of officers and men of a party of mounted infantry, and directed by Major Phipps-Hornby and Captain Humphreys, the only remaining officers of the battery, succeeded in running back four of the guns under shelter. One or two of the limbers were similarly withdrawn by hand, but the work was most severe and the distance considerable. In consequence, all concerned were so exhausted that they were unable to drag in the remaining limbers or the fifth gun. It now became necessary to risk the horses, and volunteers were called for from among the drivers, who readily responded. Several horses were killed, and men wounded, but at length only one gun and one limber were left exposed. Four separate attempts were made to rescue these, but when no more horses were available the attempt had to be given up, and the gun and limber were abandoned. Meanwhile the other guns had been sent on, one at a time, and, after passing within 700 or 800 yards of the enemy, in rounding the head of a donga and crossing two spruits, they eventually reached a place of safety, where the battery was reformed. After full consideration of the circumstances of the case, the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief in South Africa formed the opinion that the conduct of all ranks of Q Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, was conspicuously gallant and daring, but that all were equally brave and devoted in their behaviour. He therefore decided to treat the case of the battery as one of collective gallantry under Rule 13 of the Victoria Cross Warrant, and directed that one officer should be selected for the decoration of the Victoria Cross by the officers, one non-commissioned officer by the non-commissioned officers, and two gunners or drivers by the gunners and drivers. A difficulty arose with regard to the officer, owing to the fact that there were only two unwounded officers--Major Phipps-Hornby and Captain Humphreys--available for the work of saving the guns, and both of these had been conspicuous by their gallantry and by the fearless manner in which they exposed themselves, and each of them nominated the other for the decoration. It was ultimately decided in favour of Major Phipps-Hornby, as having been the senior concerned."

Sergeant Charles Parker was chosen by the non-commissioned officers as the one among them most deserving the distinction.

Gunner Isaac Lodge and Driver Horace Harry Glasock were selected in the like manner by the vote of their comrades.

*=Lieutenant F. A. Maxwell=, D.S.O., Indian Staff Corps, attached to Roberts's Light Horse.--Lieutenant Maxwell was one of three officers not belonging to Q Battery, Royal Horse Artillery, specially mentioned by Lord Roberts as having shown the greatest gallantry and disregard of danger in carrying out the self-imposed duty of saving the guns of that battery during the affair at Koorn Spruit on March 31, 1900. This officer went out on five different occasions and assisted to bring in two guns and three limbers, one of which he, Captain Humphreys, and some gunners, dragged in by hand. He also went out with Captain Humphreys and Lieutenant Stirling to try to get the last gun in, and remained there till the attempt was abandoned. During a previous campaign (the Chitral Expedition of 1895) Lieutenant Maxwell displayed gallantry in the removal of the body of Lieutenant-Colonel F. D. Battye, Corps of Guides, under fire, for which, though recommended, he received no reward.[23]

=Lieutenant W. H. S. Nickerson=, Royal Army Medical Corps, attached to Mounted Infantry.--At Wakkerstroom, on the evening of the 20th April 1900, during the advance of the Infantry to support the mounted troops, Lieutenant Nickerson went, in the most gallant manner, under a heavy rifle and shell fire, to attend a wounded man, dressed his wounds, and remained with him till he had him conveyed to a place of safety.

=Corporal H. Beet=, 1st Battalion Derbyshire Regiment Mounted Infantry.--At Wakkerstroom, on the 22nd April 1900, No. 2 Mounted Infantry Company 1st Battalion Derbyshire Regiment, with two squadrons Imperial Yeomanry, had to retire from near a farm, under a ridge held by Boers. Corporal Burnett, Imperial Yeomanry, was left on the ground wounded, and Corporal Beet, on seeing him, remained behind, and placed him under cover, bound up his wounds, and by firing prevented the Boers from coming down to the farm till dark, when Dr. Wilson, Imperial Yeomanry, came to the wounded man's assistance. The retirement was carried out under a very heavy fire, and Corporal Beet was exposed to fire during the whole afternoon.

=Captain Ernest Beckwith Towse=, the Gordon Highlanders.--On the 11th December, 1899, at the action of Majesfontein, Captain Towse was brought to notice by his commanding officer for his gallantry and devotion in assisting the late Colonel Downman, when mortally wounded, in the retirement, and endeavouring, when close up to the front of the firing line, to carry Colonel Downman on his back, but finding this not possible Captain Towse supported him till joined by Colour-Sergeant Nelson and Lance-Corporal Hodgson. On the 30th of April, 1900, Captain Towse, with 12 men, took up a position on the top of Mount Thaba, far away from support. A force of about 150 Boers attempted to seize the same plateau, neither party appearing to see the other until they were but 100 yards apart. Some of the Boers then got within 40 yards of Captain Towse and his party, and called on him to surrender. He at once caused his men to open fire, and remained firing himself until severely wounded (both eyes shattered), succeeding in driving off the Boers. The gallantry of this officer in vigorously attacking the enemy (for he not only fired, but charged forward) saved the situation, notwithstanding the numerical superiority of the Boers.

=Corporal F. M'Kay=, the Gordon Highlanders.--On the 29th of May 1900, during the action on Crow's Nest Hill, near Johannesburg, Corporal M'Kay repeatedly rushed forward, under a withering fire at short ranges, to attend to wounded comrades, dressing their wounds, while he himself was without shelter, and in one instance carrying a wounded man from the open, under a heavy fire, to the shelter of a boulder.

=Corporal F. Kirby=, Royal Engineers.--On the morning of June 2, 1900, a party sent to try to cut the Delagoa Bay Railway were retiring, hotly pressed by very superior numbers. During one of the successive retirements of the rearguard a man, whose horse had been shot, was seen running after his comrades. He was a long way behind the rest of his troop, and was under a brisk fire. From among the retiring troop, Corporal Kirby turned and rode back to the man's assistance. Although by the time he reached him they were under a heavy fire at close range, Corporal Kirby managed to get the dismounted man up behind him, and to take him clear off over the next rise held by our rearguard. This is the third occasion on which Corporal Kirby has displayed gallantry in the face of the enemy.

=Private C. Ward=, 2nd Battalion the King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry).--On June 26, 1900, at Lindley, a picket of the Yorkshire Light Infantry was surrounded on three sides by about 500 Boers at close quarters. The two officers were wounded, and all but six of their men were killed or wounded. Private Ward then volunteered to take a message asking for reinforcements to the signalling station about 150 yards in the rear of the post. His offer was at first refused, owing to the practical certainty of his being shot; but, on his insisting, he was allowed to go. He got across untouched through a storm of shots from each flank, and, having delivered his message, he voluntarily returned from a place of absolute safety and recrossed the fire-swept ground to assure his commanding-officer that the message had been sent. On this occasion he was severely wounded. But for this gallant action the post would certainly have been captured.

=Sergeant Arthur Herbert Lindsey Richardson= of Lord Strathcona's Corps.--On July 5, at Wolve Spruit, about fifteen miles north of Standerton, a party of Lord Strathcona's Corps, only thirty-eight in number, came into contact and was engaged at close quarters with a force of eighty of the enemy. When the order to retire had been given, Sergeant Richardson rode back under a very heavy cross-fire and picked up a trooper whose horse had been shot, and who was wounded in two places, and rode with him out of fire. At the time when this act of gallantry was performed, Sergeant Richardson was within 300 yards of the enemy, and was himself riding a wounded horse.

=Captain William Engleson Gordon=, the Gordon Highlanders.--On July 11, 1900, during the action near Leehoehoek (or Doornbosch Fontein), near Krugersdorp, a party of men, accompanied by Captains Younger and Allan, having succeeded in dragging an artillery waggon under cover when its horses were unable to do so by reason of the heavy and accurate fire of the enemy, Captain Gordon called for volunteers to go out with him to try to bring in one of the guns. He went out alone to the nearest gun under a heavy fire, and with the greatest coolness fastened a drag-rope to the gun and then beckoned to the men, who immediately doubled out to join him in accordance with his previous instructions. While moving the gun, Captain Younger and three men were hit. Seeing that further attempts would only result in further casualties, Captain Gordon ordered the remainder of the party under cover of the kopje again, and, having seen the wounded safely away, himself retired. Captain Gordon's conduct, under a particularly heavy and most accurate fire at only 850 yards' range, was most admirable, and his manner of handling his men most masterly; his devotion on every occasion that his battalion has been under fire has been remarkable.

=Captain David Reginald Younger=, the Gordon Highlanders, in recognition of the conspicuous bravery displayed by him on July 11, 1900, as described above, would have received the Victoria Cross had he survived his gallant action.

=Sergeant T. Lawrence=, 17th Lancers.--On the 7th August 1900, when on patrol duty near Essenbosch Farm, Sergeant Lawrence and a Private Hayman were attacked by twelve or fourteen Boers. Private Hayman's horse was shot and the man was thrown, dislocating his shoulder. Sergeant Lawrence at once came to his assistance, extricated him from under the horse, put him on his own horse, and sent him on to the picket. Sergeant Lawrence took the soldier's carbine, and, with his own carbine as well, kept the Boers off until Private Hayman was safely out of range. He then retired for some two miles on foot, followed by the Boers, and keeping them off till assistance arrived.

=Corporal H. J. Knight=, 1st Battalion Liverpool Regiment, No. 1 Company, Fourth Division Mounted Infantry.--On the 21st August 1900, during the operations near Van Wyk's Vlei, Corporal Knight was posted in some rocks with four men covering the right rear of a detachment of the same company who, under Captain Ewart, were holding the right of the line. The enemy, about fifty strong, attacked Captain Ewart's right and almost surrounded, at short range, Corporal Knight's small party. That non-commissioned officer held his ground, directing his party to retire one by one to better cover, where he maintained his position for nearly an hour, covering the withdrawal of Captain Ewart's force, and losing two of his four men. He then retired, bringing with him two wounded men. One of these he left in a place of safety, the other he carried himself for nearly two miles. The party were hotly engaged during the whole time.

=Private William Heaton=, 1st Battalion the King's (Liverpool Regiment).--On the 23rd August 1900, the company to which Private Heaton belonged, advancing in front of the general line held by the troops, became surrounded by the enemy and was suffering severely. At the request of the officer commanding Private Heaton volunteered to take a message back to explain the position of the company. He was successful, though at the imminent risk of his own life. Had it not been for Private Heaton's courage there can be little doubt that the remainder of the company, which suffered very severely, would have had to surrender.

=Lieutenant Guy G. E. Wylly=, Tasmanian Imperial Bushmen.--On the 1st of September 1900, near Warm Bad, Lieutenant Wylly was with the advanced scouts of a foraging party. They were passing through a narrow gorge, very rocky and thickly wooded, when the enemy in force suddenly opened fire at short range from hidden cover, wounding six out of the party of eight, including Lieutenant Wylly. That officer, seeing that one of his men was badly wounded in the leg, and that his horse was shot, went back to the man's assistance, made him take his (Lieutenant Wylly's) horse, and opened fire from behind a rock to cover the retreat of the others, at the imminent risk of being cut off himself. Colonel T. E. Hickman, D.S.O., considers that the gallant conduct of Lieutenant Wylly saved Corporal Brown from being killed or captured, and that his subsequent action in firing to cover the retreat was "instrumental in saving others of his men from death or capture."

=Private J. H. Bisbee=, Tasmanian Imperial Bushmen. Act of courage for which recommended.--On September 1, 1900, Private Bisbee was one of an advanced scouting party passing through a rocky defile near Warm Bad, Transvaal. The enemy, who were in ambuscade, opened a sudden fire at close range, and six out of the party of eight were hit, including two officers. The horse of one of the wounded officers broke away and bolted. Private Bisbee gave the officer his stirrup leather to help him out of action; but, finding that the officer was too badly wounded to go on, Private Bisbee dismounted, placed him on his horse, mounted behind him, and conveyed him out of range. This act was performed under a very hot fire and in a very exposed place.

=Major E. D. Brown=, 14th Hussars.--On the 13th October 1900, at Geluk, when the enemy were within four hundred yards, and bringing a heavy fire to bear, Major Brown, seeing that Sergeant Hersey's horse was shot, stopped behind the last squadron as it was retiring, and helped Sergeant Hersey to mount behind him, carrying him for about three-quarters of a mile to a place of safety. He did this under a heavy fire. Major Brown afterwards enabled Lieutenant Browne, 14th Hussars, to mount, by holding his horse, which was very restive under the heavy fire. Lieutenant Browne could not otherwise have mounted. Subsequently Major Brown carried Lance-Corporal Trumpeter Leigh out of action.

=Lieutenant A. C. Doxat=, 3rd Battalion Imperial Yeomanry.--On the 20th October 1900, near Zeerust, Lieutenant Doxat proceeded with a party of Mounted Infantry to reconnoitre a position held by one hundred Boers on a ridge of kopjes. When within three hundred yards of the position the enemy opened a heavy fire on Lieutenant Doxat's party, which then retired, leaving one of their number who had lost his horse. Lieutenant Doxat, seeing the dangerous position in which the man was placed, galloped back under a very heavy fire and brought him on his horse to a place of safety.

*=Lieutenant H. Z. C. Cockburn=, Royal Canadian Dragoons.--During the action at Komati River on the 7th of November, Lieutenant Cockburn, with a handful of men, at a most critical moment held off the Boers to allow the guns to get away; to do so he had to sacrifice himself and his party, all of whom were killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, he himself being slightly wounded.

*=Lieutenant R. E. W. Turner=, Royal Canadian Dragoons.--Later in the day, when the Boers again seriously threatened to capture the guns, Lieutenant Turner, though twice previously wounded, dismounted and deployed his men at close quarters and drove off the Boers, thus saving the guns.

*=Sergeant E. Holland=, Royal Canadian Dragoons.--Sergeant Holland did splendid work with his Colt gun, and kept the Boers off the two twelve-pounders by its fire at close range. When he saw the enemy were too near for him to escape with the carriage, as the horse was blown, he calmly lifted the gun off and galloped away with it under his arm.

=Sergeant Farmer=, Cameron Highlanders.--During the attack on General Clements' camp at Nooitgedacht on December 13, 1900, Lieutenant Sandilands, Cameron Highlanders, with fifteen men, went to the assistance of a picquet which was heavily engaged, most of the men having been killed or wounded. The enemy, who were hidden by trees, opened fire on the party at a range of about twenty yards, killing two and wounding five, including Lieutenant Sandilands. Sergeant Farmer at once went to the officer, who was perfectly helpless, and carried him away under a very heavy and close fire to a place of comparative safety, after which he returned to the firing line, and was eventually taken prisoner.

FOOTNOTES:

[22] The names are arranged according to the dates on which were performed the deeds that earned the distinction. An asterisk denotes the V.C.'s conferred by King Edward VII.

[23] This decoration was the first Victoria Cross conferred by King Edward VII., on March 8, 1901.

LEXICON OF TERMS AND PLACES CONNECTED WITH THE CAMPAIGN

=Accoutrements.=--The belts which support the arms, pouch, or pouches of a soldier. These belts are usually made of "buff" leather in the English Army, and are marked inside, as are also the pouches, &c., with the number of the regiment to which they belong.

=Adjutant.=--An officer not above the rank of Major, appointed to assist the commanding officer in all the details of duty and discipline; receives and issues that officer's orders to the regiment in general, and is bound to bring to his notice all infraction of rules and orders. He is responsible for the correctness of the regimental books; he prosecutes on all court-martials; supervises the sergeants' mess; has charge of the orderly-room (Colonel's office); inspects all escorts and guards; has charge of the official correspondence; and has to spend much of his time in drilling recruits, and in all duties tending to discipline and the smartness and efficiency of the regiment.

=Adjutant-General.=--One of the chief staff officers of the army, through whom all orders are promulgated, and to whom all reports are sent for the information of the Commander-in-Chief. In time of peace all official correspondence passes through his office, and he is responsible for the general efficiency of the army. On a campaign, in subordination to the Chief of the Staff, he regulates the daily duties of the force. He keeps an exact account of each division and brigade, with a roll of the general and field officers. He issues the orders of the day, and communications on the field are made to him in the absence of a Chief of the Staff. To his department are attached Deputy-Adjutant-Generals, Assistant-Adjutant-Generals, and Deputy-Assistant-Adjutant-Generals.

=Advanced Posts.=--A term applied to picquets, and any fortified position in country or village in advance of the main line of battle. Their object is to prevent the enemy surprising the main body of the army, and to give it time to form up; this being done, the advanced posts fall back upon their supports and join the main force.

=Africander.=--A white man born of European parents in South Africa.

=Africander Bond.=--An association to protect the interests of the Africanders in Africa; now known as the "Dutch party" in Cape Colony, who were certainly not wholly loyal.

=Aide-de-camp.=--An officer attached to the personal staff of a general officer in garrison or in the field. He carries all orders given him by the general. These he must deliver most distinctly, so as to avoid all chance of mistake, and it is understood his orders must be implicitly obeyed. Thus only officers of intelligence and smartness are appointed. In times of peace, the aide-de-camp assists his chief in official correspondence, in introducing officers, and in dispensing the courtesies of the general's house. An officer cannot be appointed until he has served two years with his regiment, and passed the prescribed examination. The number of aide-de-camps allotted to general officers in the field are: Commander-in-Chief, four; Generals of Division, two; General of Brigade, one. In time of peace a general has three only. Aide-de-camps receive extra pay in addition to the pay of their regimental rank, which rank is seldom above that of captain. Aide-de-camps are attached to the sovereign, the appointment carrying with it the rank of Colonel in the army. Governors of provinces also have them.

=Aliwal North.=--A town on the Orange River, on the border between the Free State and Cape Colony, where the Frere Bridge (860 ft. in length) crosses the river. It had a population a little over 2000; and with its park, racecourse, golf links, and sulphur springs, acted as the Leamington of Cape Colony.

=Ambulance.=--A four-wheeled, covered waggon for the conveyance of sick and wounded soldiers. Two stretchers, the legs of which have small iron wheels, can be run into it, three men can sit on the tailboard, which lets down to serve as a foot-rest, and three others on a like seat in front. Buckets hang below the waggon; a barrel of water is fastened to the splinter-bar, and from the high canvas roof depends a basket for the men's arms and valises. This roof is marked with the Geneva Cross.

=Amnesty.=--An act of forgiveness for offences committed against the State, these offences being usually of a political nature.

=Ammunition.=--A term applied to charges of powder for ordnance and small arms; also to all kinds of projectiles, and to various appliances for igniting the charges, &c. During a campaign the reserve ammunition for small arms is carried in carts, each containing 9600 rounds, under the charge of the officers commanding battalions; three carts to each battalion. The remainder of the reserve ammunition, gun and small arm, is with the ammunition column.

=Ambush= or =Ambuscade=.--Troops, in small or large bodies, placed in concealment in order to surprise and attack an enemy.

=Approaches.=--All works are generally so called that are carried on towards a besieged place, such as trenches, saps, galleries, redoubts, lodgments, and places of arms.

=Armistice.=--A truce or suspension of hostilities between two armies, a stated time being given for its duration, at the expiration of which, if the contending nations do not come to an agreement, hostilities begin again.

=Armoured-Train.=--A train, the carriages of which are externally plated with metal, and loop-holed to admit of soldiers firing, while they themselves are protected.

=Arms.=--Weapons of different forms for attack and defence in the various branches of the army.

=Army Corps.=--A small army, under the command of a general, composed of all arms of the service, and furnished with every requisite for active service. Its war strength in the British army is about 40,000 officers and men, 12,846 horses, 122 guns, 25 machine-guns, and 1573 carts and waggons.

=Army Ordnance Corps.=--Its duties consist in issuing stores and munitions of war, and are most onerous.

=Army Reserve.=--A force composed of men who have enlisted for twelve years, a portion of which service, viz. seven or eight and not less than three years, must be passed with the colours, the residue being spent in the reserve. These are known as "short service men." Other soldiers eligible to enter the reserve force are those who have exceeded their first term of service, men of say thirteen or fourteen years' service, and are yet under thirty-four years of age.

=Artillery.=--Horse artillery consists of men mounted on horses or on the limbers of the guns. They are armed with 12-pounders, and manoeuvre with cavalry. Field artillery moves more slowly, the men being carried on guns and waggons. Garrison or siege artillery furnishes gunners and heavy guns of position drawn by horses, bullocks, and in India, elephants. There are now 28 Horse batteries, 151 Field batteries, and 10 of the Mountain division of garrison artillery.

=Badge.=--An honorary distinction worn on the colours of a regiment. According to the Queen's Regulations, all regimental badges granted under special authority to different corps are to be strictly preserved.

=Baggage.=--In a military sense, includes clothes, camp-equipage, and cooking apparatus of a regiment or army. The baggage of troops, if proceeding by sea, is divided into "light" and "heavy" baggage.

=Balloon.=--Useful in warfare for purposes of reconnoitring, also in cases of a beleaguered city of keeping up communications with the outside world. The Prussians reconnoitred the French position before Metz, in 1870, by means of a balloon with telegraph attached, and thus the survey of the position of the French army was instantaneously conveyed to General Von Moltke.

=Bandoliers.=--Belts of leather or canvas to hold small-arm cartridges, worn over the shoulder.

=Base of Operations.=--In military language represents the original line on which an offensive army forms, whether it be the frontier of a country, river, or safe position, whence it takes the field to invade an enemy's country. The base of operations in case of retreat is always kept open to fall back upon.

=Battalion=--An infantry unit. A British battalion is composed of 1010 of all ranks and one machine-gun. It is usually constituted thus: Lieutenant-colonel in command, majors 4, captains 5, lieutenants (first and second) 16.

=Battery.=--Signifies, first, generally guns grouped and in position for action; second, the unit of an artillery command, as a battalion of infantry or a squadron of cavalry; thirdly, any work, permanent or temporary, considered as a position for a group of guns.

=Bayonet.=--A short sword or triangular-shaped dagger, fixed on to the muzzle of a rifle, which, in this position, gives the soldier increased means of offence and defence. The name is derived from Bayonne in France, where it was supposed to have been first invented. Originally the bayonet was a blade of steel attached to a helve of wood, which was thrust into the barrel, but this arrangement interfered with the loading and firing of the weapon, and to remedy this defect, an elbow and socket were constructed, and the result was the present mode of attaching the bayonet. This improvement took place about the seventeenth century. The first regiment which appears to have had the bayonet attached to its musket was the Grenadier Guards in 1693. Macaulay attributes the loss by the English of the battle of Killiecrankie to the then awkward mode of attaching the bayonet, as the Highlanders were upon the troops before they could convert their firelocks into pikes. The older form of bayonet was 22 inches long, and weighed nearly a pound. The modern bayonet is about 12 inches in length, and weighs 15 ounces.

=Beaconsfield.=--A suburb of Kimberley, containing several hotels, municipal offices, court-house, tramways, &c. Population about 10,000, half of whom are whites.

=Bearer Company.=--Company of Royal Army Medical Corps for the removal of the wounded from the field of action to the dressing station or hospital.

=Bechuanaland.=--A protectorate containing the territories of various native chiefs. The Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland was annexed to Cape Colony, November 1895. It is bounded on the north by the Motopo River, beyond which is the country known as the British Protectorate.

=Belmont.=--A station on the railway from Cape Town to Kimberley, 591 miles from the former and about 54 miles from the latter.

=Berg.=--A mountain or high hill.

=Biltong.=--Strips of meat dried in the sun. It is much used by the Boers in war-time, as it is very portable and can be kept for an almost unlimited period.

=Bivouac.=--From _bis_, "double," and the German word _wache_, "a guard." An army is said to bivouac when it does not encamp at night and sleeps in the open. This form of resting has the advantage over tents, as it does not enable the enemy to form any conception of the strength of his adversary.

=Black Watch.=--The 42nd Regiment of the line, known as one of the most distinguished corps in the British army. In Chambers's "Encyclopedia" is found the following: "'Black Watch,' the appellation given to certain armed companies employed to watch the Highlands of Scotland. The term 'black' arose from the dress of this species of militia being composed of tartans of dark colours. Some Highlanders had been armed by Government as early as 1725, when General Wade was appointed Commander-in-Chief in Scotland, but it was not till about 1729 or 1730 that the companies assumed a regular form." They were stationed originally in different parts of the Highlands, and, acting independently of each other, were styled "the Independent Companies of the Black Watch." Subsequently, after being of great use for local purposes, the companies, united, were formed into the 42nd Regiment under the command of the Earl of Crawford, in 1739.

=Bloemfontein.=--The capital of the Orange Free State, on the railway line between Cape Town and Pretoria, 750 miles from the former and 290 from the latter town. Population about 7000 white, 3000 black inhabitants. It is a picturesque, cleanly, and prosperous town. Three English newspapers are published there, and it is much frequented by the English, by whom the fine climate is much esteemed.

=Boers.=--The Dutch word for farmers. For early history and character _see_ vol. i.

=Bombproof Buildings.=--Buildings formed so as to withstand the shock of heavy shot or shell falling on them.

=Boschveld.=--Plain covered with bush or scrub.

=Boshof= is seventy-two miles north-west of Bloemfontein, and about forty north-east of Kimberley. From Boshof to the nearest point of the Vaal River--near Warrenton, or Fourteen Streams--is about twenty-five miles.

=Brigade.=--A body of troops, the unit of a division. An infantry brigade is composed of four battalions. The term brigade is given to the Brigade of Guards, which consists of four regiments of Foot Guards; to the Household Cavalry, composed of two regiments of Life Guards, and the Royal Horse Guards.

=Brigade-Major.=--Takes the same place in relation to a brigade as an adjutant in relation to a regiment.

=Brigadier.=--A military officer whose rank is next above a Colonel. He exercises the command of a brigade of troops, with the rank, on active service, of Major-General.

=Bulawayo= (the place of killing).--The capital of Rhodesia. White population 4000. A thriving, well-built town, with every modern convenience. It boasts many large hotels and churches, two theatres, a racecourse, and several schools. Electric light, newspapers, and a splendid avenue of trees, 2540 yards long and 130 feet broad, speak of the march of civilisation and bear the impress of the finger of Mr. Rhodes. A statue, characteristically colossal, of the empire-maker has been executed by Mr. John Tweed for erection on the scene of his life labours. _See_ vol. i. p. 124.

=Burg.=--A town.

=Burgher.=--European male inhabitant of the Republics, who may have obtained the franchise. For particulars regarding the Uitlanders and the franchise _see_ Mr. Loveday's speech, 1895, vol. i. p. 146.

=Camp.=--The extent of ground occupied by an army either in huts or under canvas. They are placed, as a general rule, where wood and water are easily accessible. In standing camps the regulated interval is ten paces between each tent.

=Campaign.=--The period during which an army keeps the field and carries on a series of operations.

=Canteen.=--A regulated establishment (otherwise a store), managed for the benefit of the men by a committee of officers, for the purpose of supplying liquor, groceries, &c., to the soldier at reasonable prices.

=Cape Boys.=--Coloured people, the offspring of intermarriage between mixed races and negroes.

=Cape Colony.=--Bounded by the Orange River and Orange Colony on the north, by Natal on the north-east; and by the Atlantic and Indian Oceans on the west, south, and south-east. Area about 277,150 miles. Population in 1896 (exclusive of Pondoland and British Bechuanaland) about 1,822,000--one-fifth of whom are whites. The climate is highly esteemed and is said by some to have upon the constitution the effect of champagne. It is highly recommended for those suffering from pulmonary complaints, and as the seasons are exactly the reverse of those in England, health travellers to South Africa can escape the rigours of the British winter entirely. The defence of the Cape Colony has hitherto been maintained by a small British fleet, and by a small British garrison supplemented by the admirable corps of volunteers whose services in the present need have been so zealously placed at the service of the Empire. For details _see_ vol. iii. p. 161. The imports in 1898 stood thus: Cape Town, £5,128,292; Port Elizabeth, £6,246,429; East London, £3,519,697. The exports were: Cape Town, £15,881,952; Port Elizabeth, £2,103,351; East London, £954,654.

=Cape Town.=--Population over 50,000 before the war. Distance from Southampton 5978 miles. A flourishing, well built and ordered town, boasting eighteen miles of tramway lines. The water supply is good, but owing to bad drainage the death rate in hot weather is about 27 per 1000.

=Captain.=--In the army an officer who commands a troop of horse or a company of infantry. The badges of rank are two stars on each shoulder-strap. In the navy a captain commands a cruiser or a battleship. He ranks with a lieutenant-colonel in the army, and after three years' service with a full colonel.

=Carbine.=--A small-arm rifle used by the cavalry, shorter and lighter than that of the infantry.

=Cavalry.=--Mounted branch of the army--divided into _heavy_ and _light_. The duties of cavalry are extensive, and comprise the care of reconnoitring parties, outpost duties, feelers in advance of an army. Cavalry is classed as heavy, medium, and light. The Household Cavalry and two regiments of Dragoons are _heavy_, all other dragoons and dragoon guards are _medium_, and Hussar regiments _light_. The whole carry carbines and swords, or carbines and swords and lances. Every regiment is divided into three or four squadrons, which are each divided into two troops. General de Brack, in remarking on the qualifications of the cavalry officer, said, "To be a good officer of advance guard, it is not enough to be brave and to command well under fire; it is necessary to have brought there the greatest possible number of men, and in the best condition to act with effect.... The habit of judging of the health of men and horses; a knowledge of prompt remedies applicable in particular cases, the daily and minute inspection of appointments; understanding the necessary and judicious modes of repairing the same; the providing of all that can be useful to the soldier and his horse without overloading the latter; the equipment well arranged; regularity of pace in the line of march; good situation for the bivouacs; with constant attention to everything which can contribute to a horse's ability even to dispense for a time with the farrier; a notion of the method of using the utensils contained in a soldier's case; understanding the occasions favourable to refreshment and repose; the moral acquaintance with men under his command; discipline preserved when the dragoons have no longer before their eyes the dread of the guard-room or jail; that foresight which ever watches to prevent useless distress to the horses; personal example offered upon every occasion, and afforded the more readily in proportion as those occasions may be trying or difficult; confidence; unbounded devotion; the power of exciting enthusiasm among his followers: these are capabilities the theories of peace cannot teach, these are what, in addition to courage, military _coup d'oeil_, and a ready judgment on the field of battle, form the officer of real distinction." This quotation serves to enhance our appreciation of the "real distinction" of the British cavalry leaders who relieved Kimberley and Mafeking.

=Charlestown.=--Situated north of Natal, a few miles from Majuba Hill.

=Colenso.=--Small village in Natal near the Tugela River.

=Colesberg.=--Small town 37 miles beyond Naauwpoort. Population, 1830.

=Colonel.=--Highest rank in the army below that of general. Their rank is denoted by two stars and a crown on each shoulder-strap. A lieutenant-colonel wears a crown and one star.

=Colonel of a Regiment.=--A general officer placed at the head of a regiment as reward of long and meritorious services. An honorary distinction merely. The Prince of Wales is Colonel of the 10th Hussars.

=Column.=--Formation of troops several ranks in depth and of any length of front, disposed so as to move in regular succession. Sometimes the name _column_ is given to a body of troops which is in effect a small army.

=Combatant.=--As distinct from noncombatant officers such as chaplains and surgeons.

=Commandant.=--The chief of the Boer commando.

=Commandeer.=--To call out on service.

=Commander.=--Naval officer ranking next below a captain. He receives the title of captain socially, and ranks with a colonel in the army.

=Commander-in-Chief.=--Highest Staff appointment in the army. He acts in conjunction with the Secretary of War. There is a _local_ Commander-in-Chief over the Indian forces, and also over those in Ireland. All these officers in their different posts supervise the training, discipline, and appointments, &c., of the army.

=Commando.=--An irregular regiment of mounted Boers.

=Commissariat.=--An organisation responsible for collecting food, forage, and necessaries for troops in cantonments or in the field. The duties, divided into (1) transport, (2) supply, are carried out by the Army Service Corps. The difficulties of securing and carrying food in an enemy's country are very great. Owing to this difficulty the First Crusade never got beyond Hungary. In the Ashantee War the Fantees were so afraid of the Ashantees that they refused to carry the food or baggage of the army, and the duty devolved on the West India Regiments.

=Commission.=--Warrant signed by the sovereign authorising the officer to exercise command in the army. The purchase of commissions was abolished in 1871. They are now given to candidates after passing the prescribed examination before the Civil Service examiners, when they are sent to Sandhurst or Woolwich Academies for further instruction, chiefly of military nature. Quantities of "irregulars" and volunteers have now been given commissions as reward for practical service in the field.

=Communications.=--The lines by which an army communicates with its base from any point to which it has advanced, and by which it must retreat in the event of disaster. They are the arteries that vitalise the mechanism and allow it to work.

=Company.=--A body of men commanded by a captain, and forming the first unit of an infantry battalion. The number of a company may be reckoned as about 100. About eight companies make a battalion.

=Contraband of War.=--Arms, ammunition, coal, food, &c., which a neutral power is prohibited by the Law of Nations from carrying to countries in a state of war.

=Cordite.=--Smokeless powder resembling cords, which defies the best efforts to locate the enemy. Invented by Sir F. Abel and Professor Dewar.

=Corporal.=--Next grade below that of sergeant.

=Creusot Gun.=--The famous "Long Toms" of the Boers are Creusot guns. They were originally named after the place of Le Creuzot, where the firm of Schneider & Co. manufacture these weapons. But the term is now applied to other guns made by the same firm.

=De Aar.=--Important junction of the Cape Town and Port Elizabeth Railways.

=Division.=--First unit of a _corps d'armée_, and commanded by a general officer. Consists of two or more brigades, and is composed of three arms of the service, infantry, cavalry, and artillery.

=Donga.=--River bed with high banks on either side. Generally dry, save in the rainy season.

=Dorp.=--A hamlet.

=Dundee.=--Town in Natal, north of Ladysmith. Noted for its coal-fields, which are the best in S. Africa. They produced about 1000 tons a day before the war. The locality is rich in iron, and the future of this now historic region promises to be commercially rosy.

=Durban.=--Flourishing port of Natal. Population about 39,245, of which over 17,700 are whites. It is twenty-nine hours' journey by rail from Pretoria, and 6800 miles by sea from Southampton. It has several good hotels, restaurants, and clubs; and two daily newspapers are published there. Trams and electric lights form part of the attractions of the town.

=Earthworks.=--In fortification, all works thrown up for attack or defence in which earth enters chiefly into the construction. It is a question whether--in the defence of a place--earth be preferable to masonry. In the latter case, the defenders are liable to be injured by splinters, while in the former, repairs are more readily effected. The reason why the capture of the Mamelon during the Crimean War was so hard a task, is attributed to the fact that repairs were very easily accomplished during the night.

=Elandslaagte= (The Glen of the Eland).--Small and now ever memorable village near Ladysmith. _See_ vol. ii. p. 20.

=Engineers.=--The duties of this branch are so numerous, it is almost impossible to define them. They are required to be jack-of-all-trades, and masters of each. The construction of works and bridges, and of military buildings--the planning and direction of the attack and defence of a fortification, and a thousand and one other duties fall to their lot. The following lines by Rudyard Kipling form a summary of the Sappers' accomplishments:--

"We lay down their sidings an' help 'em entrain, An' we sweep up their mess through the bloomin' campaign. They send us in front with a fuse an' a mine, To blow up the gates that are rushed by the Line; They send us behind with a pick an' a spade, To dig for the guns of a bullock-brigade.... Now the Line's but a man with a gun in his hand, An' Cavalry's only what horses can stand. Artillery moves by the leave o' the ground; But _we_ are the men that do something all round: For _we_ are her Majesty's Royal Engineers, With the rank and pay of a Sapper!"

=Epaulment.=--An earthwork thrown up to conceal and protect guns and gunners from the fire of the enemy.

=Esprit de Corps.=--It is described in James' "Military Dictionary" as the "feeling of attachment a soldier has for his regiment, even to the point of thinking it the best in the army. It fosters goodwill and fellowship among officers and soldiers. It produces an emulous thirst after military glory. In fact, true _esprit-de-corps_ creates such a feeling of enthusiasm and love for all that is honourable and noble, that an officer or soldier will be careful in his conduct to do nothing which would bring dishonour or reproach on his regiment."

=Estcourt.=--Important trading town in Natal, situated near the junction of the Bushman's and the Little Bushman's River. It is the seat of Magistracy for Weenen County. Population 300. It possesses two hotels, a church, and a library. The climate is considered one of the finest in Natal.

=Facings.=--Regiments are distinguished by the colour of their facings, otherwise by the colour of the cuffs and collar of their regimentals.

=Feint.=--A mock attack to deceive the enemy as to the real direction of the assault.

=Field-Cornet.=--A Boer sub-magistrate of a district.

=Field-Marshal.=--Highest military rank a General can obtain.

=Field Officer.=--One below the rank of general and above that of captain. Majors, lieut.-colonels, or colonels of brevet or regimental rank, are field officers.

=Flag of Truce.=--Flag--generally a white handkerchief attached to a staff and carried by an officer sent to communicate with the enemy.

=Flank Attack.=--One of the modes of attack whereby the side or flank of an army is attacked.

=Flank Movement.=--A change of march in course of a battle, with a view to turning either one or both wings of the enemy.

=General.=--The name designates his command as having the general or highest orders to give in battle. There are three grades: General, Lieut.-General, and Major-General. Brigadier-General is the title given to an officer while in command of a brigade.

=Glencoe= (Talana Hill).--A now notable little town, N.E. of Ladysmith.

=Guards.=--The Guards compose the Household Brigade. This consists of 1st and 2nd Life Guards--red, the Royal Horse Guards--blue, the Grenadier Guards, the Coldstream Guards, the Scots Guards, and the Irish Guards. The Life Guards greatly distinguished themselves at Waterloo. The Horse Guards (Oxford Blues) took part in the campaigns of both Marlborough and Wellington. The Grenadier Guards is the senior regiment of infantry in the army. The devoted royalists clinging to Charles II. in 1656 formed the first nucleus of this gallant regiment. The Coldstreams were raised in 1660, by General Monk, when Parliament consented to give a brigade of guards to Charles II. The splendid work done by the Guards in the present war speaks for itself.

=Gun.=--The modern word for cannon of all kinds.

=Gunner.=--A private in the Royal Artillery. The duties of the gunner are manifold--he has to be instructed in drill and in the services of the various natures of ordnance, heavy and light, to be acquainted with ammunition, mode of using it, and caution required in dealing with it. In other days few gunners were attached to either train or battery, only one per gun, assisted by a matross. The duties of a matross were only in some ways similar to those of the present gunner. The men belonged to a class termed artificers, and were engaged more for the usefulness of their trade than for the knowledge of artillery. With the increase of guns came the increase of gunners, and the mere artificer was superseded, and the gunner became the handy, well-instructed, yet dashing man he has proved himself to be.

=Harrismith.=--Situated near the Natal border in the Orange Free State, an important trading centre and a highly approved health resort. Population--mostly British--1700.

=Heidelburg.=--Town on the rail 50 miles south of Pretoria. Population about 2500.

=Heliograph.=--An apparatus invented by Mr. H. C. Mance, for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays reflected from mirrors. The mirror, generally of steel, mounted on a stand, is movable, so that its reflections flash in given figures across the sky. The process has been adapted to the Morse system of dots and dashes, and messages have been successfully carried over a distance of 150 miles. The signal can be read in ordinary weather without telescopes up to 50 miles.

=Helmet.=--A head-dress of light cork or wicker generally covered with kharki, to protect the troops from the sun. It is the universal head-dress for officers and men in India.

=Honourable Artillery Company.=--A volunteer force--the oldest military body in England.

=Horse Artillery.=--Mounted branch of the British Service. On account of its mobility, it acts with cavalry. Field Artillery is also a mounted branch.

=Hospital= (Military).--They are of three kinds, general, field, and convalescent. Cases of infectious nature are sent to a general hospital specially appointed for their reception. Field hospitals are temporary establishments for the care of sick and wounded in the vicinity of the field of battle. Serious cases, when practicable, are sent off to the nearest general hospital in the rear. Convalescent hospitals describe themselves.

=Hospital Ships.=--They serve either as stationary hospitals, or, if sick accumulate, can sail home or to the nearest station, discharge, and return to fill again. One of these, the _Maine_, was organised by Lady Randolph Churchill, and proved invaluable.

=Howitzer.=--Short siege gun throwing lyddite shells at a high angle, so that they can descend upon a fortress or besieged town. They have a range of over 8000 yards. There are also field howitzers.

=Hussars.=--Light cavalry. Derived from the Hungarian (_huss_) twenty and (_ar_) pay, because every twenty houses had to provide one horse soldier.

=Imperial Light Horse.=--_See_ vol. iii. p. 165.

=Infantry.=--Foot soldiers. The words derived from the Spanish soldiery of the _infanta_, and the term _infanteria_ was applied to them, in consequence of their being the troops of the Infanta of Spain. The British infantry was declared by Marshal Soult "the finest in the world." There are 109 infantry regiments in the British army. The oldest of these, formed between 1660 and 1662, are the Guards, the 2nd Queen's (raised for the defence of Tangiers), and the 3rd Buffs (the old London train-bands).

=Intelligence Department.=--A branch of the Quartermaster-General's Department, which has for its object the collecting and sifting and arranging information useful to Government or army in peace or war.

=Intrench= or =Entrench=.--To secure a position or body of men against the attack of the enemy by digging a ditch or trench.

=Invest.=--To surround a place and prevent all communication with the outer country.

=Irregular Troops.=--Troops which do not belong to the regular forces. Until lately there were no such troops in the British Army, now it is almost impossible to enumerate them. In India there are several irregular forces of cavalry and infantry for the protection of Native States.

=Jack.=--The nation's "pet" name for a sailor, as "Tommy" is the "pet" name for a soldier.

=Jacobsdaal.=--Small town in the Orange Free State.

=Jagersfontein.=--Small town sixty miles south-west of Bloemfontein. In its valuable diamond mine have been found both the largest and the most perfect stones yet discovered. The largest specimen was brought to light in 1893, the most flawless one in 1895.

=Johannesburg.=--This important city extends over an area of six miles, its parks alone occupying an area of 84 acres. Rural population in 1896 was 48,331, of which 38,868 were whites. District population, 102,078, of which 50,907 were whites. Johannesburg was declared a Municipality in 1896. Fine hotels, public buildings, churches, clubs, and theatres abound. There are 126 miles of road, and most of the streets are regularly laid out with several open squares at intervals. Cabs, trams, jim rickshaws, and omnibuses ply for hire; electric lights brighten the streets, while public-houses and low canteens innumerable, where the vilest and most poisonous liquor is sold, deface them. These, together with gambling hells, &c., contrive to make the place a sink of abomination equal to Chicago. The cost of living in Johannesburg is enormous. The board and lodging of a bachelor is estimated at about £8 per month. Clothing and food are said to be nearly 50 per cent. dearer than in Europe. Seven newspapers exist, two of which are published in Dutch. Johannesburg in 1886 was represented by some straggling shanties dotting the line of reef now forming the Wemmer and Ferreira Company's ground. When the existence of the reef, till then unknown, was discovered, steps were taken to secure a more convenient locality, and as a result the present township was laid out in the December of that year. The spot chosen was one of the bleakest and highest in the Transvaal, and land was of so small value for agricultural purposes, that farms were known to change hands for the price of a team of oxen. In 1895, however, two stands in Commissioner Street sold for £22,000, and in 1897, one in Pritchard Street fetched £40,000. The reefs that have brought about the transformation run east and west of the city, a distance of about 130 miles, and all around the country is dotted with battery houses, and other buildings connected with the working of the mines. Regarding the output, _see_ vol. i. p. 129.

=Karoo.=--Hottentot name for a dry place, but now denoting certain districts.

=Kharki.=--A dust-coloured material in wool or calico used for the uniforms of soldiers, in order to make them less distinguishable from a distance. Indian troops are always clothed in kharki. Of late, every article used on service has been painted or dyed the same colour, from guns, carriages, and scabbards, to horses, and the attire of the Naval Brigade.

=Kilt.=--A dress worn by Highlanders, consisting of a loose petticoat, extending from waist to knees. It dates from the seventh century, when the kilt was made of skins.

=Kit.=--A military term expressing the regimental necessaries of a soldier.

=Kimberley.=--A flourishing town whose existence dates from the year 1870, when diamonds were discovered on two farms--Du Joits Pan and Bulsfontein (_see_ vol. i. p. 133). Since that date the place has widened with astounding rapidity, growing gradually from a mining camp into a large somewhat irregularly planned town full of corrugated iron buildings, dotted at intervals with edifices of more substantial nature. The principal public buildings are the High Court of Griqualand West, with its imposing clock tower, the adjacent Post and Telegraph Offices in the market-square, the Public Library, said to contain the best collection of books in South Africa, the Kimberley Club, the Masonic Temple, the Hospital, and the Sanatorium on the Beaconsfield Road. There are hotels in plenty, and churches of all denominations; also, a fine park with recreation grounds, and two pavilions. The climate is splendid--an ideal one for invalids. The population is about 28,718, of whom 12,658 are of European extraction.

=Krupp Gun.=--A breech-loading rifled gun, taking its name from the inventor.

=Kuruman.=--Though the surrounding country is scarcely attractive, land is said to yield good pasturage, and water can be obtained by digging from five to thirty feet. The price of Crown lands in Kuruman in 1896 was at the rate of 2-3-1/2 per morgen.

=Kloof.=--A ravine.

=Kop.=--A hill.

=Kopje.=--The diminutive of kop.

=Kraal.=--Cattle fold.

=Kroonstad.=--An active little town situated 877 miles from Cape Town. Population about 2000. It has several hotels, a charming climate, good fishing on the Valsch River, golf links, a club, and several churches. A railway connecting the place with the coal mines at Groenfontein is shortly to be made. Superior coal has also been found some forty-five miles off at Vierfontein, and near the town is the Lace Diamond Mine, which (in 1899) produced about 1500 carats a month.

=Krugersdorp.=--A small town, situated twenty-two miles from Johannesburg, where, on the 15th of December, a species of national pilgrimage to celebrate the victory over the Kaffirs in 1836, and over the British at Majuba in 1881, was made by the Boers. It is also notable as the place where Dr. Jameson and his band surrendered in 1896. It contains a monument to those who have fallen in the service of their country.

=Laager.=--A fortification usually formed by placing waggons lashed together in a circle, and covering them with tangled thorn and scrub. It now signifies a camp.

=Ladysmith.=--This now historic town lies in a basin of the hills some thirty miles from the Drakensberg range. Its population is about 4500, exclusive of military. The climate is dry and bracing, and highly recommended to those suffering from affection of the lungs. There are many churches, a Public Library, a Town Hall, Court House, Jail, and School. The town, which claims to be the third in importance in Natal, derived its name from the wife of Sir Harry or Henry Smith, Governor of Cape Colony. _See_ vol. i. p. 11.

=Lancers.=--A regiment of cavalry armed with lances. This nature of cavalry was much appreciated by the great Napoleon, who placed great reliance on some Polish lancer regiments.

=Landdrost.=--Stipendiary magistrate to collect the revenues of a district.

=Lee-Metford.=--Magazine rifle bearing the name of its inventors, Mr. Lee and Mr. Metford.

=Lieutenant.=--Ranks next below a captain. The senior lieutenant takes command of a company in the event of accident to the captain.

=Lieutenant-Colonel.=--Ranks next below a colonel in the army.

=Lieutenant-General.=--Ranks next below a general.

=Life Guards.=--Mounted bodyguard of the sovereign. These regiments distinguished themselves in the Peninsula, at Waterloo, and in Egypt. They seldom leave this country, save on special occasions.

=Lourenço Marques.=--A Portuguese township in Delagoa Bay, situated 7090 miles from Southampton, with which it is connected by a service of steamers _viâ_ Durban. Boats returning to Europe _viâ_ the Suez Canal call here. The importance of Delagoa as a trading station and as a base of railway to the interior has long been recognised, and in 1887 Colonel M'Murdo (having obtained a concession from the Portuguese Government in 1883) formed a company to connect Lourenço Marques with Komati Poort on the Transvaal frontier. This railway was confiscated by the Portuguese in June 24, 1889, compensation to the shareholders (as a result of arbitration which was placed in the hands of three Swiss jurists) having only recently been awarded.

=Lyddite.=--A very powerful explosive, the exact composition of which is a secret. The early experiments of lyddite were made at Lydd, a small town in Kent, from which it derives its name. Its effects are so deadly that the mere concussion of the displaced air particles serves to kill any one who may be within fifty yards of the shell.

=Mafeking.=--This small but world-famous town, 870 miles from Cape Town, was considered as a gateway to Rhodesia, and standing as it does on the route to Mashonaland, between Bechuanaland and the Transvaal, its importance as a centre for distribution is evident. The Molopo River and the Ramathlabama Spruit, a few miles north of the town, form the southern boundary of the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

=Major.=--The lowest rank of field officer. Being a field officer he is mounted on all parades and going into action. To every infantry battalion there are four, and to every squadron of cavalry one.

=Major-General.=--The lowest grade of general officers. A brigade in the army is properly a major-general's command.

=Majuba Hill.=--Scene of the Boer triumph over Sir George Colley in 1881. Near this spot is the grave of the gallant general, and not far off are the burial places of Colonel Deane at Laing's Nek and the men who fell in their country's cause. It is four miles distant from Charlestown.

=Marines.=--A body of men under the control of the Admiralty--for service in the navy or on shore. They have been described as "amphibious animals," because they are equally at home on land or at sea. They form part of naval brigades landed for service on shore, and co-operate with the sailors. The force consists of two branches, Royal Marine Artillery and the Royal Marine Light Infantry. They were first raised in 1664. A finer and more serviceable set of men it is difficult to find.

=Martial law.=--Martial law means no law at all. According to the Duke of Wellington it represents the will of the general who commands the army. Proclamation of martial law cautions the inhabitants of the district concerned, that in consequence of rebellion or other rising, the responsibility of superseding the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals for the protection of property and persons rests with the military authorities, who will act as they think expedient for the public safety.

=Mauser.=--A rifle sighted up to 2200 yards, but capable of much longer range, of which the bullet leaves the muzzle at a speed of 2300 feet per second. It weighs three quarters of a pound less than the Lee-Metford, and is much neater in appearance. The Mauser is a favourite rifle with the Boers though its magazine is only capable of holding five cartridges, while that of the Lee-Metford will accommodate ten.

=Maxim Guns.=--Guns of small bore weighing 59 lbs., sighted up to 2500 yards.

=Mobilisation.=--Fitting an army for the field--bringing the units to war strength and calling out the reserves. The success of a war depends largely on the rapidity with which armies can be got ready previous to their being concentrated on the threatened points, and thus enabled to take the aggressive. In the Swiss army the whole organisation is so completely carried forward in time of peace that at the outbreak of hostilities the headquarters staff need do no more than telegraph the one word--mobilise. The rapidity with which foreign armies can be mobilised has been gradually increasing. In 1866 the Prussian armies, 220,000 strong, reached the frontiers of Saxony and Silesia in a fortnight. In 1870 Germany took nine days to mobilise, and eight days more to send an army of 400,000 men and 1200 guns to the French frontier.

=Mounted Infantry.=--Good shots of the infantry mounted and joined into separate companies. The Boers have taught us the value of mounted infantry, and in the near future they will probably become a permanent arm of the British forces.

=Naauwpoort.=--Situated at the junction of the branch line to De Aar and the main line to Pietersburg, _viâ_ Bloemfontein and Pretoria. It is about 270 miles distant from Port Elizabeth.

=Nachtmaal.=--The Communion Service. Held quarterly by the Boers, who congregate from different parts to partake of it together.

=Natal.=--_Terra Natalis_, or Christmas land, was so named by its discoverer, Vasco da Gama, on the 25th of December 1497. Population 900,000, a tenth of whom are whites. Natal became a British Colony in 1843, and in 1856 was made independent of Cape Colony. The total area of New Natal is 35,000 square miles. Pietermaritzburg is the capital, and its most flourishing seaport is Durban. The climate is excellent, and has been likened to that of "Kashmir with a dash of English South Down thrown in." It is called the Garden of South Africa, and its picturesqueness is generally commented on. Some declare the scenery to be reminiscent of Scotland, though on a larger scale. Perhaps this very likeness to their native land may have influenced the early British explorers to settle in the place, which from then till now has been everywhere redolent of the Scotsman. The names of Glencoe and Dundee bear witness to his early enterprise, and the railway system, so admirably managed, serves to show how energetically he has continued to make this region entirely his own. The revenue for 1898 was £2,121,034; the expenditure £1,923,978. The Postal Telegraph Service acquired a profit of £36,767. Since 1897 Natal has supplied free of cost 12,000 tons of coal to the British Navy.

=Naval Brigade.=--A detachment of seamen, marines, and guns landed from men-of-war to assist the army ashore. A Naval Brigade did signal service in the siege of Sebastopol, and earned twelve out of sixty-two Victoria Crosses presented to the British forces. In the Indian Mutiny and in the Zulu War they were again active, and several times in African campaigns the bluejacket has shown the desperate valour, fertility of resource, and versatility of accomplishments that have earned for him the nickname of "The Handy Man."

=Nek.=--Junction between two hills.

=Newcastle.=--Population 1746. This small town, eighty miles north of Ladysmith, is noted for its coal. The place, situated at the foot of the Drakensberg range, was used as the base of military operations in 1881.

=Non-Commissioned Officer.=--The title includes staff-clerks, sergeants, corporals, and bombardiers. Above them in rank are sergeant-majors and bandmasters, who are warrant officers. "Non-coms." are described as "the backbone of the army," many of them, when their officers have been stricken down, having led the men to victory. _See_ vol. iv. p. 104.

=Nordenfeldt Gun.=--Modern gun named after its maker.

=Nullah.=--An Indian term. The dry bed of a stream. Like donga.

=Objective.=--A technical military term signifying the aim or object of the military combinations and movements in the theatre of war.

=Occupation= (Army of).--An army that remains in possession of a newly acquired country, retaining it as a kind of hostage till peace is signed and the war indemnity paid. Armies of occupation are usually fed at the expense of the defeated nation.

=Operations Military.=--General movements of armies in the field. They are of two kinds, strategical and tactical; the former undertaken before being within reach of the enemy, the latter being developed during the battle.

=Orange Free State.=--Area about 50,000 square miles, bounded on the north by the Transvaal, the east by Natal and Basutoland, and on the south and west by Cape Colony. Population in 1898, 400,000, two-thirds of whom were blacks. Revenue, £799,757. Expenditure, £956,752. Postal service profit, £2510. Telegraph service, £3140. The place is rich in diamonds, gold, iron, saltpetre, and various other metals and minerals of less valuable description.

=Organisation.=--The organisation of an army is the duty of a general staff in time of peace, and should be so perfect in detail as not to break down in the eventuality of war. Owing to the unpreparedness and inferiority of France in the matter of organisation, she was beaten by Germany in 1870 and 1871.

=Parole.=--An officer in the hands of the enemy may be permitted to proceed to his country on _parole_, having promised not to take up arms against his captors till the war is over.

=Patrol.=--A party of men moving between the line of posts, to keep one informed of the state of the other. Also a body of men told off for purposes of quelling disturbances, picking up stragglers, &c.

=Pickets.=--The real outposts of any body of troops are the pickets with their dependent small bodies, patrols, and vedettes. As a rule twenty to thirty men is a reasonable strength for a picket.

=Pietermaritzburg.=--Capital of Natal. Population 20,155, consisting of 11,309 whites, 2692 Indians, 6151 natives. It possesses some fine buildings, hotels and churches, a theatre, a museum, and a library. It boasts three newspapers and a lunatic asylum.

=Pietersburg.=--A gold-producing locality 240 miles north-east of Pretoria.

=Pigeons= (Carrier).--Birds known as homing pigeons that supply the most simple and practical means of transmitting orders to a distance during military operations. Carrier pigeons are said to have been used by the ancient Roman navigators as a species of pigeon telegraph before the time of the Cæsars.

=Pont.=--Ferry over a river.

=Pontoon.=--Flat-bottomed open boat like a punt, used by Royal Engineers for supporting temporary bridges by which troops can cross a river.

=Poort.=--Funnel-shaped gap between mountains.

=Port Elizabeth=, 839 miles by rail from Cape Town, is the second city of importance in Cape Colony. Population 25,325, of which 13,000 are of European origin. The town was named after the wife of Sir Rufane Donkin, who there erected a pyramid to her memory. There are many hotels, churches, and libraries, and the general appearance of prosperity and modernity that pervades the place has caused it to be called the Liverpool of South Africa.

=Potchefstroom.=--The most ancient town of the Transvaal, situated eighty-eight miles from Johannesburg. Population 5000. It was the original seat of the Boer Government, and later in 1881 became the scene of Colonel Winslow's resistance to the Boers. After stoutly holding out, starving and fighting, and losing one-third of his men, he surrendered to Cronje, only to find that ten days previously an armistice had been proclaimed.

=Pretoria.=--The capital of the Transvaal, lies thirty-two miles north of Johannesburg. Population 12,000. It has many fine public buildings, the chiefest being the splendid Government Buildings, which were erected at a cost of £200,000. The newly completed Courts of Justice are also immensely imposing. There is an English Cathedral, and many churches of all denominations, a public library, a public hospital, a museum, some large hotels, and several clubs, notably the Pretoria Club. The President's house is at the western extremity of Church Street, the main business thoroughfare. The new market buildings on Market Square were erected at a cost of £35,000.

=Rand.=--Short of Witwatersrand.

=Reconnaissance.=--The art of reconnoitring--examining a portion of the country with a view to ascertaining its resources for movements and subsistence of the army.

=Regiment.=--Consists of two or more battalions of infantry. A cavalry regiment is composed of three or four squadrons.

=Rooinek.=--Boer name for the British, signifying red neck.

=Rustenberg.=--Population 500. Situated east of Pretoria, near the Magaliesberg range.

=Shell.=--A hollow projectile filled with explosive so arranged as to act by means of a fuse, and, at a certain point and time, spread destruction by the forcible dispersion of its fragments. The common shell, which is used for destroying earth-works, fortifications, and solid matters, is filled with powder which forms the bursting charge, and is fitted with either a time or a percussion fuse according to the nature of ordnance from which it is fired. The Shrapnel shell is similar in external form, but is filled with bullets (sand shot), cemented together with rosin. It was invented by Colonel Shrapnel, R.A., in 1808. The object in using Shrapnel shell is to give the projectile at long distances the power and efficacy of case shot, and to cover a large space of ground with its effects. Against artillery it has the effect of placing men and horses _hors de combat_, which is the most efficacious way of silencing the fire of a battery.

=Shelter Trenches.=--Trenches constructed in the presence of the enemy as cover for troops from the action of shot and shell.

=Siege.=--A regular organised attack on a fortified position by means chiefly of artillery. Sir John Jones, the author of "Peninsula Sieges," says "the most celebrated commanders and best engineers are agreed that as a general principle the besieging army should vary in proportion to the strength of the garrison according to the numbers of the garrison; and as an approximation have fixed that proportion at 5 to 1 when the garrison consists of 15,000 men, 6 to 1 when of 10,000 men, 7 to 1 when of 5000, 8 to 1 when of 3000, and in still greater proportion when it consists of a less number." This curious computation is explained by the fact that the more numerous the garrison the smaller the besieging army need be in proportion to it, since the attack of a similar front or fronts of fortification is little different. If the garrison contain 5000 or 10,000 men, the guards of the trenches and other duties increase proportionately, but the work does not.

=Spruit.=--A stream.

=Spy.=--Persons sent into the enemy's camp to gain information regarding the intentions of the enemy. There are two classes of spy: the spies who betray their own people to the enemy, and those who go to the enemy in the interests of their own party. In both cases martial law orders the death of a detected spy.

=Squadron.=--A fourth division of a cavalry regiment, divided in two troops each, commanded by a captain.

=Stad.=--A town.

=Staff.=--A body of officers appointed to assist a general in command, to form a link between him and the various branches of the army, and thus give coherence to all its parts.

=Subaltern.=--A term applied to a commissioned officer in the army, under the rank of captain.

=Succour.=--Assistance in men, stores, or ammunition.

=Sword.=--Offensive weapon in use throughout the world. One of the arms of the British cavalry. During the Anglo-Saxon period swords were made of iron, two-edged, long, and straight.

=Team.=--Two or more horses or animals harnessed together.

=Trek.=--A journey.

=Troop.=--Two troops form a cavalry squadron. Each troop is commanded by a captain and two lieutenants.

=Tugela River.=--River dividing Zululand from Natal.

=Tuli.=--Town, 340 miles from Pretoria. The junction of several roads radiating towards Victoria, Bulawayo, Mangwe, Mafeking, and Pretoria. The direct road from Tuli to Bulawayo, cut in 1874 for the Zeederberg Service of coaches (now discontinued), reduced the distance from Pretoria to Bulawayo to 500 miles.

=Uitlander.=--A resident in the Transvaal not entitled to the Franchise. The term is generally applied to Europeans resident in or around Johannesburg, of which before the war there were some 50,000, mostly British. _See_ vol. i. p. 146.

=Uitspan.=--To unharness and halt. The reverse of inspan.

=Uniform.=--Dress of officer or soldier. So-called because men of same rank and duties are clothed in a uniform manner.

=Union Jack.=--National flag of Great Britain. The original English flag was the banner of St. George. On the union of Scotland with England the banner of St. Andrew was added, and on the union of Ireland, that of St. Patrick. It now consists of a red and white diagonal cross (the last two being side by side), on a blue ground.

=Unit.=--Euclid describes number to be a collection of units. In military organisation the term unit is applied to a single portion upon which any part of an army, regiment, &c., is formed. A company is the unit of a regiment; a battery, that of a brigade of artillery.

=Unlimber, to.=--To disconnect the limber from the gun or carriage.

=Veldt.=--An open plain.

=Victoria Cross.=--A decoration in form of a bronze Maltese Cross, conferred on members of the Army, Navy, or Volunteers who have distinguished themselves in face of the enemy by abnormal deeds of valour at risk of their lives. The V.C. was instituted in 1856 at the conclusion of the Crimean War, when sixty-two were earned. The cross was then made from the cannon captured at Sebastopol with the Royal Crest in the centre, and underneath, the words "For Valour." It is worn with a red ribbon in the Army--a blue one in the Navy.

=Vierkleur.=--Four-coloured Boer flag. The colours are red, white, and blue in horizontal lines, with a perpendicular line of green near the staff.

=Volunteers.=--Citizen soldiers who voluntarily fight in defence of their country. The oldest Volunteer Corps is the Hon. Artillery Company, instituted in 1485. The Volunteer movement gained ground in 1793-94, when invasion was threatened by France. The force enrolled numbered 70,000, of which 41,000 were Irish.

=Voortrekker.=--One of the early trekkers.

=War.=--The present war is the fortieth war that has taken place during the reign of Queen Victoria. In 1854 there was the Crimea; in 1838, 1849, and 1878 came wars against Afghanistan; four wars against China in the years 1841, 1856, 1849, and 1860; two against the Sikhs in 1845 and 1848; three against the Kaffirs in 1846, 1854, and 1877; three against Burma, 1850, 1852, and 1885; nine in India, in 1857, 1860, 1863, 1864, 1868, 1869, 1890, 1895, and 1897; three in Ashantee, 1864, 1873, and 1896; a war against Abyssinia, 1867; a war against Persia, 1852; a war against the Zulus, 1878; a war against the Basutos, 1878; a war in Egypt, 1882; three in the Soudan, 1894, 1896, and 1899; a war with Zanzibar, 1890; a war against the Matabele, 1894; and finally two wars against the Transvaal, 1881 and 1899-1900.

=Waterworks.=--The Waterworks at Sanna's Post, on the Modder River, are situated twenty miles from Bloemfontein. By means of powerful pumps the water is raised from the level of the river to the top of Bushman's Kop, nearly half-way to the town. From that point it flows into Bloemfontein by the force of gravitation. The works are capable of delivering 250,000 gallons of water daily. There are thirty-four miles of pipes, laid down at a cost of £80,000.

=Yeomanry.=--The Yeomanry Cavalry of Great Britain is chosen from among the gentlemen and yeomen of each county. They are liable to be called out in aid of the civil power, and in case of invasion would have to assemble for actual service. For Imperial Yeomanry, _see_ vol. iii. p. 168.

=Zululand.=--Situated north-east of Natal, east of the Transvaal, and south of Amatongaland. Area, about 10,456 miles; population 170,000, including only 1200 whites. It became part of Natal in 1897. Gold and various minerals have been found there in appreciable quantities.

DEATHS IN ACTION AND FROM DISEASE

The following is a list of the officers who have died in South Africa from June 5th to December 19th, 1900:--

JUNE 1900

=6.=--Fever at Bloemfontein: Capt. G. Murrell. Fever at Johannesburg: Capt. the Hon. L. R. D. Gray. Fever at Kroonstad: Sec. Lieut. R. Forrester.

=7.=--In action at Roodeval: Lieut.-Col. B. Douglas, and Sec. Lieut. B. J. Horley. In action at Rhenoster: Capt. Gale. Fever at Kroonstad: Capt. G. P. Ellison. Wounds at Pretoria: Lieut. A. J. G. Meek.

=8.=--Fever at Kroonstad: Lieut. Kerans. Dysentery at Bloemfontein: Maj. Power.

=9.=--Suddenly at Pretoria: Capt. W. G. Thomson. Fever at Wynberg: Capt. E. F. Harrison. Fever at Newcastle: Lieut. S. F. Brooks and Vet. Lieut. E. T. C. Ensor.

=10.=--Fever at Bloemfontein: Lieut. A. Byrne. Pneumonia at Johannesburg: Lieut. W. J. Berry.

=11.=--In action at Diamond Hill: Lieut.-Col. the Earl of Airlie, Maj. the Hon. L. H. D. Fortescue, Lieut. the Hon. C. W. H. Cavendish, and Lieut. W. B. L. Alt. In action at Almonds Nek: Capt. W. D. O'Brien, Capt. H. Mann, and Lieut. N. M. Johnson. Fever at Bloemfontein: Capt. T. S. Hichens. In action at Zand River: Maj. L. J. Seymour.

=12.=--In action at Diamond Hill: Capt. C. J. K. Maguire, Lieut. P. W. C. Drage, and Sec. Lieut. W. S. Luce.

=13.=--Fever at Newcastle: Capt. F. Hunnard, D.S.O.

=14.=--Wounds received at Zand River: Lieut. W. Harrison.

=15.=--Wounds received at Bappisfontein: Lieut. Hon. C. M. E. Freke. Wounds at Kroonstad: Lieut. Blanchard and Sec. Lieut. R. H. Hall.

=17.=--In action near Kwisa: Capt. M. Wilson.

=19.=--Fever at Cape Town: Surg. Lieut.-Col. J. S. Forrester.

=20.=--Fever at Bloemfontein: Lieut. B. B. Waddell-Dudley.

=21.=--Wounds at Pretoria: Lieut. Kortwright.

=22.=--In action at Honing Spruit: Maj. H. T. de C. Hobbs. Fever at Wynberg: Sec. Lieut. W. G. Rait.

=23.=--Fever at Johannesburg: Capt. J. B. T. Pratt. Poisoning at Volksrust: Lieut. N. M'Lean.

=24.=--Wounds at Bloemfontein: Capt. Lord Kensington. Wounds at Heidelberg: Capt. F. J. Whittaker.

=25.=--In action at Ficksburg: Capt. E. B. Grogan and Lieut. G. L. D. Brancker.

=27.=--Fever at Dewetsdorp: Sec. Lieut. J. S. Preston.

=28.=--Fever at Kroonstad: Surg. Lieut.-Col. J. Creagh.

=30.=--Fever at Heilbron: Lieut. J. Hunter.

JULY 1900

=1.=--Fever at Bloemfontein: Lieut. G. P. Rayner.

=3.=--In action near Lindley: Sec. Lieut. W. G. Belcher.

=6.=--Wounds at Pleiserfontein: Maj. H. E. Oldfield. Dysentery at Johannesburg: Lieut. J. B. Grylls.

=7.=--Wounds received at Bethlehem: Capt. J. B. S. Alderson. In action at Rustenburg: Capt. Machattie. In action at Rietfontein: Capt. Currie and Lieut. Kirk.

=11.=--Fever at Durban: Lieut. P. W. Tindal-Atkinson, R.N. In action near Krugersdorp: Capt. D. R. Younger. In action at Nitral's Nek: Lieut. T. Conolly, Lieut. G. F. Prichard, and Sec. Lieut. T. D. Pilkington. In action at Derdepoort: Sec. Lieut. K. K. Mackiller.

=12.=--Dysentery at Marrandellas: Capt. H. C. W. Hamilton.

=16.=--In action near Pretoria: Lieut. H. L. Borden and Lieut. G. B. Burch. Fever at Vrede: Vet. Lieut. Fenner.

=19.=--In action at Palmietfontein: Maj. Moore. Wounds at Pretoria: Capt. B. B. Church.

=20.=--Fever at Newcastle: Lieut. W. H. Kenyon.

=22.=--In action at Majate Pass: Capt. C. W. Robertson.

=23.=--In action at Retief's Nek: Capt. Sir W. G. Barttelot. In action at Stabbert's Nek: Capt. W. Gloster. Pneumonia at Pretoria: Capt. F. S. Kent.

=24.=--In action at Bronkhorst Spruit: Lieut. A. Ebsworth.

=25.=--Murdered at Pretoria: Col. C. W. H. Helyar. Wounds at Retief's Nek: Maj. E. M. Wiltshire.

=26.=--Syncope at Pretoria: Sec. Lieut. W. V. St. C. M'Laren.

=28.=--Wounds at Potchefstroom: Lieut. Drew. Fever at Winburg: Sec. Lieut. H. B. D. Bird.

=29.=--In action at Stephanusdrai: Capt. E. Q. Robertson.

AUGUST 1900

=5.=--Wounds at Paardekop: Capt. M. S. Wellby.

=6.=--In action at Elands River: Lieut. J. W. Annat.

=7.=--Wounds at Durban: Capt. E. Lucas.

=9.=--In action at Rietfontein: Lieut. A. M. Knowles.

=14.=--At Naauwpoort: Lieut. and Quartermaster P. J. Gleeson. Wounds: Sec. Lieut. Gibson.

=18.=--At Pietermaritzburg: Sir W. Stokes, Consulting Surgeon to the Forces.

=19.=--Wounds at Crocodile Drift: Lieut. H. Bradburn.

=20.=--In action at Klip Drift: Lieut.-Col. Spreckley. In action at Haman's Kraal: Lieut. R. F. Flowers. Wounds at Pretoria: Lieut. J. Leash.

=21.=--In action at Ottoshoop: Lieut. A. G. Gilpin.

=23.=--In action at Geluk: Capt. A. Savory.

=25.=--At Durban: Lieut.-Col. A. G. S. Wade-Gregory. In action: Lieut. J. H. Robbins.

=26.=--In action near Brandwater Basin: Capt. W. S. Clarke.

=27.=--In action at Bergendal: Capt. G. L. Lysley and Lieut. Abbot. Wounds at Nylstroom: Lieut. D. M. M. Oliver.

=28.=--Sunstroke: Capt. W. B. Norwood.

=29.=--Wounds: Capt. E. G. Campbell. Wounds at Nooitgedacht: Capt. A. D. Plomer.

=30.=--Wounds received at Bergendal: Capt. W. H. W. Steward. Wounds at Waterval Onder: Lieut. J. L. Lawlor.

SEPTEMBER 1900

=3.=--Wounds at Mafeking: Capt. R. Arbuthnot. Wounds received at Belfast: Lieut. J. C. Harrison.

=7.=--Wounds received at Newcastle: Maj. Hilliard.

=10.=--In action at Welverdiend: Lieut. T. B. Maddocks.

=12.=--In action at Wonderfontein: Lieut. R. J. L. White.

=16.=--In action at Hekpoort: Lieut. H. T. Stanley.

=19.=--From blood poisoning contracted at the Tugela: Lieut. J. T. Lowry.

=24.=--Fever at Barberton: Lieut. L. H. Gilliat.

OCTOBER 1900

=1.=--In action at Kruger's Post: Sec. Lieut. H. W. Cuming.

=4.=--In action near Lindley: Capt. H. Wiltshire.

=6.=--In action near Bultfontein: Lieut. A. H. Thomas.

=9.=--Wounds received at Kaap Muiden: Capt. G. L. Paget. In action at Kaap Muiden: Capt. A. D. Stewart. In action at Dwarsvlei: Sec. Lieut. J. R. Williams-Ellis. Fever at Pretoria: Sec. Lieut. P. A. M'Cutchan.

=13.=--In action at Machadodorp: Capt. H. W. Taylor. In action at Dalmanutha: Lieut. F. W. Wylam and Lieut. P. A. T. Jones. In action at Jagersfontein: Lieut. E. M. Hanbury.

=14.=--In action at Ventersburg Road Station: Lieut. H. K. Attfield.

=16.=--In action near Bethel: Sec. Lieut. A. W. Swanston.

=17.=--Tuberculosis at Pretoria: Capt. E. St. A. Pearse.

=19.=--In action near Bethel: Sec. Lieut. N. Calvert.

=20.=--In action at Weltevreden: Capt. G. E. B. Wood.

=21.=--In action near Frederikstad: Lieut. E. H. Finch.

=25.=--In action at Frederikstad: Capt. W. L. Baillie. In action at Vrede: Lieut. J. C. Browne.

=29.=--Fever at Pretoria: Prince Christian Victor.

=30.=--In action at Ventersburg: Maj. J. Hanwell.

NOVEMBER 1900

=1.=--Wounds received at Syferfontein: Capt. W. B. Chappell-Hodge.

=2.=--In action at Witkop: Capt. Chalmers. Of hepatitis at Wynberg: Capt. J. Loughlin.

=5.=--In action near Bothaville: Lieut.-Col. P. W. J. Le Gallais, Capt. F. Engelbach, and Lieut. W. A. G. Williams, D.S.O.

=9.=--Wounds at Vrede: Sec. Lieut. H. G. W. Woodhouse.

=10.=--Wounds received at Bothaville: Maj. N. C. Welsh.

=12.=--Fever at Standerton: Lieut. H. P. Pigott.

=13.=--Fever at Mooi River: Capt. N. M. Lynch. At Barberton: Capt. L. H. Hawkes. Wounds at Kimberley: Lieut. W. Rolfe.

=16.=--In action at Thabanchu: Sec. Lieut. L. Paxton.

=21.=--Disease at Daniel's Kriel: Capt. M. K. Crozier.

=23.=--In action at Tiger's Kloof: Lieut. A. M. Southey.

=28.=--Disease at Prieska: Capt. H. Masterman.

=29.=--In action at Rhenoster Kop: Lieut.-Col. G. E. Lloyd, D.S.O. Wounds at Krugersdorp: Lieut. H. G. Berghuys.

=30.=--Wounds near Ladybrand: Lieut. W. H. Dobbie.

DECEMBER 1900

=3.=--Fever at Pretoria: Col. L. J. A. Chapman. Fever at Pietermaritzburg: Capt. H. D. Marshall.

=5.=--Concussion of the brain at Germiston: Lieut. H. C. Ingram.

=7.=--Fever at Pretoria: Vet. Lieut. D. C. Barningham.

=9.=--Wounds at Lichtenburg: Lieut. F. Arbuthnot.

=10.=--Fever at Pietermaritzburg: Lieut.-Col. Stoneman.

=11.=--Lightning at Dundee: Lieut. J. F. Thompson-Pegge. In action at Vryheid: Lieut. W. A. D. Lippert.

=12.=--Wounds at Vryheid: Lieut.-Col. J. M. Gawne and Lieut. W. E. S. Woodgate.

=13.=--In action at Nooitgedacht: Lieut.-Col. N. Legge, D.S.O., Capt. J. A. E. MacBean, Capt. A. J. C. Murdoch, Capt. W. Atkins, Lieut. J. C. C. Reid, Capt. H. de C. Moody, Lieut. W. Skene, Lieut. A. C. Campbell. Fever at Springfontein: Lieut. Lord O'Hagan. Fever at Pretoria: C. W. P. Dalyell.

=19.=--Disease at Cape Town: Maj. E. G. Giles.

LIST OF CASUALTIES

As it has been found impossible to mention the number of casualties that occurred during the numerous desultory engagements which followed the occupation of Pretoria, lists of some of the wounded are here appended:--

JULY 1900

At Kruisfontein, on the 1st: Lieut. Horace Cole, Imperial Yeomanry.

At Waterval: Capt. Donald M'Lean-Howard, Lord Strathcona's Corps (missing).

At Bakenkop, on the 3rd: Maj. Rae, New Zealand Bushmen (slightly); Lieut. J. C. Collins, Roberts's Horse (dangerously).

At Paardeplatt, on the 19th: Capt. H. I. Nicholl, Mounted Infantry, Bedfordshire Regiment; Lieut. Sir F. Burdett, 17th Lancers.

At Zinkerbosch, on the 21st: Lieut. R. H. Greig, Royal Engineers.

Among officers wounded in action near Kosk's River were: Lieut. A. Eckford, New South Wales Contingent; Lieut. L. Leask, Lieut. R. H. Walsh, Queensland Mounted Infantry; Capt. F. J. Ingolby, Lieut. John Davis, Capt. C. Hall, West Australian Contingent.

At Spitz Kop, on the 22nd: Lieut. C. C. Wilson, Westmoreland and Cumberland Yeomanry, attached to 8th Hussars (severely).

Near Stinkhoutboom, on the 24th: Capt. C. H. M. Doughty, 1st Royal Welsh Fusiliers; Lieut. B. C. Dwyer, 2nd Leicester Regiment; Lieut, A. A. C. Taylor, 1st Royal Dublin Fusiliers; Capt. R. L. Adlereron, Lieut. A. J. C. Murdoch, 1st Cameron Highlanders.

At Rooi Koppies: Capt. Rogers, Volunteer Company Gordon Highlanders.

At Stephanusdrai, on the 29th: Capt. W. R. Marshall, Derbyshire Regiment.

AUGUST 1900

At Paardekop, on the 3rd: Capt. M. S. Wellby, 18th Hussars (died from wounds).

Near Ottoshoop, on the 6th: Lieut. Collins, South Australian Bushmen.

At Derdepoort, on the 9th: Lieut. Howell, Somerset Yeomanry (attached for duty to Transvaal Constabulary).

At Rietfontein: Col. G. J. Younghusband, 3rd Batt. Imperial Yeomanry.

On the 12th: Lieut. F. G. Newton, Queensland Mounted Infantry.

At Zilicats Nek, on the 20th: Capt. Bonham Christie, Reserve of Officers, attached for duty to 1st Mounted Infantry.

On the 25th: Brig.-Gen. M. O. Little (severely).

At Doornhoek, on the 26th: Maj. Robinson, Natal Border Mounted Rifles.

At Jachtfontein, on the 29th: Lieut. L. J. Wyatt, 2nd North Staffordshire Regiment.

At Kwaggasfontein, on the 31st: Capt. J. P. Farrar, Lieut. J. H. Beswick, Capt. A. Rose-Innes, Capt. J. M. Fairweather, Capt. and Adjt. (temp. Maj.) R. H. Price, Capt. J. Donovan, Kaffrarian Rifles.

At Welverdiend: Lieut. G. H. J. S. Smyth, 9th Lancers.

SEPTEMBER 1900

Near Warmbaths, on the 1st: Capt. E. W. Brooke, Army Service Corps.

At Waterval Onder, on the 3rd: Lieut. F. Darling, West Australian Mounted Infantry.

At Boschfontein, on the 11th: Lieut. Lang, 2nd Worcester Regiment.

At Bethlehem, on the 12th: Lieut. Power, 8th Imperial Yeomanry.

At Witpoort, on the 20th: Lieut. the Hon. W. E. Guinness, 12th Batt. Imperial Yeomanry.

At Kail Vlei: Lieut. Clifford, 1st Batt. Imperial Yeomanry

At Zandfontein, on the 25th: Capt. G. M. H. Stirling, Essex Regiment; Lieut. J. Higson, Queensland Bushmen.

At Doornkop, on the 28th: Lieut. Sherrard, R.E. (dangerously).

OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, AND DECEMBER

Among the wounded in various engagements were: Lieut. Richardson, Natal Mounted Rifles; Capt. E. Molyneux, 12th Bengal Lancers (severely); Lieut. Stubbs; Capt. N. Luxmoore, 1st Devonshire (dangerously); Lieut. S. A. Slater, 57th Co. Imperial Yeomanry; Capt. G. M. H. Stirling, Essex Regiment (slightly); Lieut. J. Higson, Queensland Bushmen (severely); Capt. Lord Loch, Grenadier Guards (severely): Lieut. L. E. L. Parker, R.A.M.C. (slightly); Lieut. Noel Money, 5th Batt. Imperial Yeomanry (slightly); Major C. E. Duff, 8th Hussars; Second Lieut. H. Gilmour, 16th Lancers; Lieut. W. S. Brancker, R.H.A.; Lieut. H. T. Pomfret, Imperial Yeomanry; Lieut. O. Humphrey, Cape Mounted Rifles; Capt. H. M. Trenchard, Royal Scots Fusiliers; Capt. R. E. P. Gabbett, Second Lieut. H. V. Kyrke, Royal Welsh Fusiliers; Major A. E. Cavendish, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders; Col. F. G. Blair, Imperial Yeomanry (slightly wounded); Lieut. R. B. B. England, 14th Batt., Lieut. J. Crocker, 3rd Batt., and Capt. P. Davidson, 5th Batt. Imperial Yeomanry; Sec. Lieut. A. Cameron, 1st Gordon Highlanders; Major Broke, R.E.; Lieut. H. J. Hall, Lieut. P. G. Anstruther, 2nd Seaforth Highlanders; Capt. J. W. Yardley, Lieut. E. Paterson, Lieut. J. Harris, 6th Dragoons; Capt. H. Delmé-Radcliffe, Lieut. W. Best, Lieut. F. H. Nangle, Royal Welsh Fusiliers; Capt. D. H. A. Dick; Sec. Lieut. A. G. Bruce, Sec. Lieut. J. Elliott, Royal Scots Fusiliers; Capt. H. M. Brown, N.S.W. Bushmen; Lieut. W. Rolfe, Cape Mounted Rifles; Lieut. C. H. Mullins, Marshall's Horse; Capt. D. J. Glasford, 1st Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Sec. Lieut. Lord G. R. Grosvenor, 2nd Scots Guards (slightly); Lieut. J. H. Elmsley, Lieut. L. E. W. Turner, Lieut. H. Z. C. Cockburn, 1st Canadian Mounted Rifles; Capt. G. H. Reynolds, Capt. T. R. Stannus, Lieut. Viscount Ennismore, Imperial Yeomanry (slightly); Lieut. J. G. Craik, 2nd Seaforth Highlanders (slightly); Surg. Hartley, Lovat's Scouts (slightly); Capt. G. T. Mair, R.H.A. (severely); Lieut.-Col. W. C. Ross, Durham Light Infantry (dangerously); Capt. G. N. Colvile, Oxford Mounted Infantry (severely); Lieut. A. S. Peebles, Suffolk Mounted Infantry (severely); Lieut. C. Percy Smith, Middlesex Mounted Infantry (slightly); Capt. O. Harris, West Riding Mounted Infantry (slightly); Maj. N. C. Welch, Hampshire Mounted Infantry (severely); Lieut. J. D. Lyons, 13th Hussars; Lieut. E. M. Baker, 2nd Manchester Regiment; Lieut. Hawke, R.F.A. (accidentally injured); Maj. A. R. Austen, 2nd Shropshire Light Infantry (slightly); Lieut. H. A. H. Stepney, 2nd Coldstream Guards (slightly); Lieut. W. R. K. Mainwaring, Imperial Yeomanry (severely); Maj. E. E. Hanbury, 2nd Scots Guards (severely); Lieut. Hon. H. Baring (severely), Lieut. C. H. Gresson (slightly), Roberts's Horse; Lieut. F. C. Grey, Imperial Yeomanry (severely); Lieut. Roos, Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry (severely); Capt. Wingfield-Digby, Gloucester Regiment (slightly); Lieut. H. W. T. Elam, R.F.A. (slightly); Lieut. M. Home, Highland Light Infantry (dangerously); Sec. Lieut. Cooke-Collis, Royal Irish Rifles (slightly); Lieut. E. A. B. Clive, 2nd Seaforth Highlanders (severely); Major Taylor, R.H.A.; Sec. Lieut. Moffat, 2nd South Wales Borderers (slightly); Lieut. G. Conder, Veterinary Dept. (slightly); Lieut. J. N. S. Stott, 3rd Norfolk (slightly); Capt. E. G. Elger, 2nd Somerset Light Infantry (slightly); Lieut. E. N. Townsend, Lieut. H. J. L. Oakes (severely), Capt. L. R. Acworth (slightly), 1st West Riding Regiment; Lieut. O. Challis, R.A.M.C. (severely); Lieut. J. E. Montgomerie, Lieut. C. L. Somerville (severely), Capt. G. Crawshaw, Capt. S. C. Godfray, and Lieut. F. G. Tucker, New Zealand Mounted Infantry; Lieut. F. Arbuthnot, Imperial Yeomanry (dangerously); Lieut. E. J. M. Hanley, Queensland Mounted Infantry (severely); Lieut. S. R. Theobald, 9th Lancers (slightly); Capt. C. Warner, 17th Lancers (slightly); Lieut. H. W. Compton, 5th Royal Fusiliers (severely); Capt. Dennison, Dennison's Scouts (slightly); Capt. Bolitho, 27th Co. (slightly), Capt. R. W. Purvis, 20th Co. Imperial Yeomanry (severely); Capt. Stevenson, Kitchener's Horse (severely); Sec. Lieut. L. W. Gordon, 2nd Bedfordshire (slightly); Lieut. A. Friedlander, Brabant's Horse; Maj. E. D. Cropper (dangerously), Lieut. B. Napier, Imperial Yeomanry (since dead); Lieut. D. F. Miller, New South Wales Bushmen (severely); Lieut. G. R. Taylour, Royal Warwickshire Regiment (slightly); Capt. H. Cholmondeley, Brabant's Horse (severely); Lieut. M. B. White (slightly), Capt. C. E. Radclyffe, Rifle Brigade (slightly); Capt. H. H. Harvest R.F.A. (very severely), Lieut. H. E. S. Wynne, R.F.A. (dangerously); Lord F. Blackwood, 9th Lancers (severely); Lieut. C. J. Thackwell, 18th Hussars (severely); Lieut. E. N. Kelly, Nesbitt's Horse.

INDEX

Africander Bond, origin and nature of, i. 115

Alice, Mount, iii. 94

Aliwal North occupied, iv. 170

Almond's Nek, battle of, vi. 29

Armoured train, ii. 59, 121, 125

Arundel, _see_ Colesberg

Baden-Powell, Colonel, at Mafeking, ii. 55; his clever ruses and energy, iii. 32; remarkable letter to the Boers, 38; private letter home, 39; his "Manual on Scouting," 53; despatch to Colonel Nicholson, iv. 91; correspondence with Snyman, v. 47; receives a message from the Queen, 49; sends a message to Lord Roberts, 51; attacked by Eloff, 110; relief, 131, 134; further operations, vi. 40; arrives at Pretoria, 40; at Rustenburg, 70; guerilla war, 125. _See_ Mafeking

Balloon, range of country visible from Mount Alice, iii. 98

Barberton, vi. 108

Barton, Maj.-General, at Colenso, ii. 190

Bastion Hill, capture of, iii. 101

Basutoland, i. 12

Beacon Hill, fight at, ii. 132

Beaconsfield, i. 44

Bechuanaland, i. 114

Belfast attacked, vi. 93

Belmont, engagement near, ii. 81; battle of, 86; casualties, 92; colonial forces at, iii. 60

Bethlehem, battle of, vi. 42

Bethulie, saving the bridge at, iv. 171; capturing the station, 173

Biddulph's Berg, battle of, v. 161-68

Bloemfontein, i. 11; conference, 182; surrender of, iv. 107-11; fever, 177; army at, 185; preparations for the advance northwards, v. 32; life in, 38; on the eve of the great advance, 87

Bloomplaats, battle of, i. 12

Boer brutality outside Kimberley, iii. 43; at Spion Kop, 115

Boers, origin and early history of, i. 1; their character, 15

Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon, the Prince Imperial, i. 51

Boshof, battle of, v. 38; casualties, 45

Botha, General, conference at Kroonstadt, iv. 180; conference with General Buller near Majuba, vi. 27; great activity along Delagoa line, 55; guerilla tactics, 142; conference with Kitchener, 150

Brabant, General, and the relief of Wepener, v. 64-68, 75-81; further operations, vi. 38, 42; guerilla war, 125

Brandfort occupied, v. 91

British South Africa Company, origin of, i. 122

Bronker's Spruit, massacre of, i. 71

Buller, General, ii. 6; arrives at the Cape, 73; at Pietermaritzburg, 139; Colenso, 188; his despatch, 199; his second advance, iii. 92; his force, 92; at Spearman's Farm, 96; his plan, 97; at Spion Kop, 115 and appendix; Vaal Krantz, 117; plans for another attempt, iv. 121; forces as reorganised, 123 (_see_ Pieters Hill, Ladysmith, &c.); advance to Newcastle, v. 171; his forces, 171, vi. 27; routing the Boers from Laing's Nek, vi. 27; conference with Botha, 27; Majuba, 29; to Standerton, 32; arrives in Pretoria, 56; Lydenburg campaign, 93; clearing the country from Volksrust to Belfast, 88; returns home, 122

Buluwayo, i. 120, 124

Bushmen's corps, iii. 158

Cæsar's Camp, attack on, iii. 81; casualties, 90

Campbell-Bannerman, his views on the war, iii. 15

Canadian contingents, iii. 138-148

Cape Colony, early history of, i. 2; invaded by the Boers, ii. 76; loyalty of, 156; volunteers, 159, iii. 161; invaded by De Wet, vi. 134; the call to arms, 138

Cape Town, enthusiasm at, ii. 156; the call to arms, vi. 138

Carrington, General, his force arrives at Beira, v. 53; plans, 127; in the Western Transvaal, vi. 70

Cetchwayo, i. 30, 34, 57

Chamberlain, Mr., i. 148; and the Jameson Raid, 174; speech, Feb. 5, 1900, iv. 11

Chelmsford, Lord, i. 40 _et seq._

Chermside, General, operations in Free State, v. 71, 78

Chieveley, armoured train disaster at, ii. 121, 153, 187; iii. 93; army returns to, iv. 121

Christian, Prince, vi. 123

Christmas day in the field, iii. 15

Churchill, Mr. Winston, ii. 36, 73; captured, 122; story of his escape, iii. 11; his letter to Mr. de Sousa quoted, 97; marvellous escape near Dewetsdorp, v. 72

Clements, General, vi. 42 _et passim_; guerilla war, 134

Clery, Sir C. F., his force, iii. 92

Clery, General, details of his force, ii. 160; general order at Colenso, 189

City Imperial Volunteers, iii. 171

Coke, Major-General, iii. appendix

Colenso evacuated, ii. 54; advance towards from Estcourt, 141; bridge destroyed, 144-45; battle of, 154; casualties, 197

Colesberg, ii. 73, 85; operations near, iii. 52; disaster to the Suffolks, 175; remarkable operations, 176; the Australians at, iv. 164

Colley, Sir George, i. 70, 78 _et seq._

Colonies, the, response of, ii. 2, iii. 136

Colvile, General, and the Lindley affair, v. 161-168

Congreve, Captain, his account of battle of Colenso, ii. 200

Conventions: Sand River, i. 12; of 1881, 106 and appendix; of 1884, 110 and appendix

Cronje, General, i. 70; treachery, 106; and the Jameson Raid, 166, 172-73; invests Mafeking, ii. 55 _et passim_; leaves Mafeking in disgust, iii. 32; his position at Majesfontein, iv. 31; his position turned, 30-79; flight, 40; Paardeberg, 54; trapped, 62; surrenders, 70; a prisoner, 74

Dalgety, Captain, the hero of Wepener, v. 54

De Aar, ii. 77 _et passim_

Deaths in action and from disease, January to June 1900, v. 195 _et passim_

Delarey, the guerilla war, vi. 125

De Wet attempts to relieve Cronje at Paardeberg, iv. 66; conference at Kroonstadt, 100; his great activity, vi. 21; chased in the Eastern Transvaal, 70; near Bethlehem, 45; guerilla war, 125; invades Cape Colony, 134

Diamonds discovered, i. 30; effects, 132; statistics, 135

Diamond Hill, battle of, vi. 12; casualties, 18

Dick-Cunyngham, Colonel, death of, iii. 89, 90

Doornkop, _see_ Jameson Raid

Doornkop, battle of, v. 147; casualties, 148

Douglas, the relief of and exodus from, iii. 66

Driefontein, fight at, iv. 101; casualties, 104

Dundee, ii. 7 (_see_ Glencoe); retreat from, 32, 37; occupied by Boers, 38, 98; wounded sent to Estcourt, 120; occupied by the British, v. 174

Dundonald, Lord, ii. 151; at Colenso, 190, 194; iii. 94, 100 _et passim_; Ladysmith, iv. 153; advance to Newcastle, v. 176

Durban, military occupation of, i. 10; bank seized, ii. 70

Dutch disloyalty at the Cape, ii. 76, 143 _et passim_

Elandslaagte, ii. 14; battle, 20; casualties, 27

Elands River, operations at, vi. 70

Election, General, October 1900, vi. 127

Elliot, Captain, fate of, i. 73

Eloff, Commandant, attack on Mafeking, v. 109

Enslin, _see_ Graspan

Estcourt, ii. 116, 117; the situation at, 119, 126, 131, 139, 143

Europe and the war, vi. 128

Farms, Dutch, description of, iii. 74

Fever at Bloemfontein, iv. 177

Fitzpatrick's "Transvaal from Within," i. 178

Force, total in the field, Dec. 1899, iii. 15

Forestier-Walker, General, ii. 79 _et passim_

Fort Wylie, _see_ Colenso

Franchise question, the, i. 141, 146, 179; ii. 5

French, General, at Elandslaagte, ii. 21; Lombard's Kop, 43; gets out of Ladysmith, 114; his force, 159; operations in Colesberg district, iii. 52, 174; his famous ride to Kimberley, iv. 30; back again on the track of Cronje, 49; at Paardeberg, 65; movements in Free State, v. 73 _et seq._; moves northward towards Pretoria, 91, 96; fighting near the Zand River, 104; casualties, 105; Doornkop, 147; advance to Pretoria, 187; battle of Diamond Hill, vi. 12; capture of Middelburg, 54; Lydenburg campaign, 93; guerilla war, 125

Frere, ii. 139; great activity at the camp, 151; life in camp, 152

Frere, Sir Bartle, i. 33, 37 _et seq._

Gatacre, General, details of his force, ii. 160; operations, 160; Stormberg, 163; operations, 18th Dec. to 20th Jan., iii. 47-52; occupies Burgersdorp, iv. 169; oath administered to rebels, 170; at Reddersburg, v. 17; recalled to England, 34

Geneva Convention, iv. 22

German tactics adopted by the Boers, iii. 3

Germany in South Africa, i. 114

Gladstone, Mr., his policy, i. 66

Glencoe, troops at, ii. 3, 7, 11; battle of, 14; casualties, 18; occupied by the British, v. 174

Gold discovered, i. 30, 116; the goldfields, 127, 137

Graspan, battle of, ii. 92; casualties, 96

Griqualand, i. 11

Griqualand West, i. 132

Grondwet, the, i. 26

Guerilla war, vi. 125

Haldane, Captain, and Lieutenant Mesurier escape from Pretoria, v. 21

Hamilton, General Ian, ii. 5, 22; at Lombard's Kop, 41; composition of his division for advance on Pretoria, v. 35; moves north from Bloemfontein, 74, 95; crosses the Zand River, 102; casualties, 104; Doornkop, 148; advance to Pretoria, 187; battle of Diamond Hill, vi. 12; capture of Middelburg, 54; approaches Heidelberg, 34, 42; Lydenburg campaign, 93

Harrismith occupied, vi. 112

Hart, Major-General, at Colenso, ii. 190; his force, iii. 92, 94; at Spion Kop, 100 _et seq._; Vaal Krantz, 117; at Pieters Hill, iv. 138

Heilbron occupied by Colvile, v. 156; Highlanders captured near, vi. 6

Heliograph, humours of the, ii. 151

Highland Brigade at Koodoesberg, iii. 186; at Paardeberg, iv. 56; march to Heilbron, v. 156

Highlanders' devotion to their dress, iii. 77

Hildyard, Major-General, at Colenso, ii. 190; iii. 104, 117

Hlangwane Hill, ii. 194; taken, iv. 128

Hollanders, Sir Bartle Frere's opinion of, i. 77

Hospitals question, the, vi. 144

Hunter, General, brilliant exploit at Ladysmith, ii. 146; scheme to relieve Mafeking, v. 117; occupies Christiana, 132; moves to Johannesburg, vi. 35; surrender of Prinsloo, 42

Imperial Yeomanry, iii. 167; distinguish themselves at Boshof, v. 39, 41

India contingents, iii. 159

Ingogo, engagement, i. 85

Irish troops, matchless bravery of, iv. 140-144

Isandlwana, battle of, i. 40

Jacobsdaal, iii. 72, 73; entered by Lord Roberts, iv. 47

Jameson, Dr., i. 122. _See_ Jameson Raid

Jameson Raid, i. 149; report to War Office, 157; after Doornkop, 172; fate of raiders and reformers, 177

Johannesburg (_see_ Gold, Jameson Raid, Reform Movement, &c.); the mines threatened, v. 145; Germiston occupied by Roberts, 149; yields, 151; entered by the British, 152; the road to Pretoria, 185

Joubert, General, i. 70, 73, 79, 109; ii. 10, 14; opinions on causes of the war (_see_ Ladysmith, 40); conference at Kroonstadt, iv. 180; death, 191; remarks, 191

Karee, battle of, iv. 192; casualties, 193

Karee Siding, incident at, iv. 189

Kekewich, Colonel, defends Kimberley, ii. 66 _et passim_; his plan for defence of Kimberley, iv. 15

Kelly-Kenny, General, leaves England, iii. 14; his part in the great turning movement, iv. 34-79

Kharki dress adopted, iii. 17

Kimberley (_see_ Diamonds), i. 133; ii. 3, 6; description of, 64; the garrison, 65; early incidents of the siege, 66; the opposing forces, 110; engagement at, Nov. 4, iii. 39; opposing forces, 41; bombardment, 41; humours, 41; another engagement, Nov. 17, 42; hopes of the besieged, 42; strong reconnaissance, 25th Nov., 44; again, 28th, 45; death of Colonel Scott-Innes, 45; further details of the siege, Nov.-Feb., iv. 14-30; relief, 30, 36-79; casualties, 63

Kimberley, Lord, i. 48, 100

Kipling, Mr. Rudyard, poem, in facsimile, ii. 203

Kitchener, Lord, leaves for the Cape, iii. 14; his part in the great turning movement, iv. 32-79; detects the flight of Cronje, 40, 51; his organising genius, 42-44, 179; at Paardeberg, 62; guarding the communications, vi. 19; in the Western Transvaal, 75; succeeds Lord Roberts, 133; conference with Botha, 151; proclamation, 136

Knox, General, and the guerilla war, vi. 132 _et seq._

Komati Poort, vi. 110

Koodoesberg, battle of, iii. 186; casualties, 189

Koorn Spruit, disaster at, v. 1; casualties, 13

Kroonstadt, Lord Roberts enters, v. 106

Kruger, Mr., his father, i. 12; becomes Commandant-General, 28, 108; becomes President, 109; visits England, 109; his character, &c., 110; and the Uitlanders, 138; closes the drifts, 148; Jameson Raid, 155; Bloemfontein Conference, 183; telegram to _New York World_, ii. 3; proclamation, 4; despatch to Lord Roberts, Feb. 3, 1900; despatch, iv. 96; at Poplar Grove, 100; at Kroonstadt with Steyn, 180; leaves South Africa, vi. 124

Kruger, Mrs., i. 178

Krugersdorp, i. 70. _See_ Jameson Raid

Krugersdorp-Potchefstroom railroad, protecting the, vi. 66

Kuruman, story of, iii. 25; gallant defence of, 215

Ladysmith, ii. 3; the position at, 38; Lombard's Kop, 41; invested, 50; the opposing forces, 110; early days of the siege, 112, 126; the siege, 136; hospital fired on, 137, 140; surprises at, 145; communication established by heliograph, 151; composition of the relief force, 152; Christmas at, iii. 79; activities, 80; attack on Wagon Hill, 81; privations, 125; great sufferings, iv. 129; relief, 153; effect at home, 155; formal entry, 156

Laing's Nek, i. 77; routing the Boers from, vi. 27.

Languages, i. 116

Leyds, Dr., i. 117

Lindley, capture of the Yeomanry at, v. 161-68

Lobengula, i. 120, 121-23

Lombard's Kop, battle of, ii. 41; casualties, 45; General Hunter's night attack on, 146

Lydenburg Campaign, the, vi. 93

Lyttelton, Major-General, at Colenso, ii. 190; crosses the Tugela, iii. 95; at Spion Kop, 100 _et seq._; at Vaal Krantz, 117 and appendix; succeeds General Buller, vi. 122

MacDonald, General Hector, arrives at Modder, iii. 76; his career, Majuba, Omdurman, 76; at Koodoesberg, 186; wounded at Paardeberg, iv. 56; occupies Harrismith, vi. 112

Mafeking, becomes British, i. 116; Dr. Jameson at, 151; ii. 3, 6; besieged, 55; the garrison, 56; armoured train attacked, 57, 59; night sortie, 63; heavy fighting, 63; the opposing forces, 110; further incidents, iii. 19; _Daily Chronicle_ correspondent shot, 20; the _Mafeking Mail_, 21; the opposing forces in November, 25; no surrender thought of, 31; another sortie, 33; dynamite mines, 33; _Punch_ in Mafeking, 34; sniping, 34; humours of the siege, 36; Lady Sarah Wilson, 36; Baden-Powell's remarkable letter to the Boers, 38; attack on Game Tree fort, iv. 80; Cronje again, 83; siege life, 84-94; a magnificent defence, 93; must hold out till May, 113; events in February, 112; in March, 194; during April, v. 46; May, in extremities, 109; great attack by Eloff, 109; casualties, 115; relief (and casualties), 131, 134; extraordinary enthusiasm throughout the Empire, 140

Mahon, Colonel, his dash for Mafeking, v. 117, 131, 134

Majesfontein, battle of, ii. 172; casualties, 184

Majuba day at Paardeberg, iv. 69; Buller's victory at, vi. 29

Majuba Hill, battle of, i. 86

Matabeleland, i. 113, 120

Matabele War, i. 122

Methuen, General, at De Aar, ii. 83, 86 (_see_ Belmont, Graspan, Modder River, &c.); details of his force, 160 and 171; Majesfontein, 172; at Boshof, v. 38; at Kroonstadt, 159; guarding the communications, vi. 19; further operations, 39; protecting Krugersdorp railway, 66; at Rustenburg, &c., 70; guerilla war, 131

Middelburg, capture of, vi. 54

Militia, permitted to volunteer, iii. 3

Milner, Sir Alfred, i. 125, 182; Sir Alfred issues proclamation, Oct. 11th, 1899, ii. 5; again Oct. 28th, and letter to Mr. Chamberlain, 70; telegram to the same, Nov., 155; proclamation, Nov., 156; congratulates Colonial troops, iii. 58; appointed Governor of the Transvaal, &c., vi. 144

Modder River, battle of, ii. 97; casualties, 107; town occupied, 169; situation at, iii. 73; demonstration against Boer left, 76; locusts, 77

Molteno, ii. 165

Monte Christo Hill taken, iv. 126

Naauwpoort. _See_ Colesberg

Natal Volunteers, iii. 166

Natal, early history, i. 7

Natal's splendid loyalty, ii. 71

Naval Brigade, at Ladysmith, ii. 44, 75, 83; at Graspan, 95-96, 113, 141; at Colenso, 190; on Mount Alice, iii. 98

Newcastle, abandoned, 6, 8, 9

New Republic, origin of, i. 115

New South Wales contingents, iii. 148

New Zealand contingents, iii. 151

Nicholson's Nek, disaster at, ii. 45; casualties, 45

Nitral's Nek, disaster at, vi. 57; casualties, 61

Oliver, General, curious controversy with General Gatacre, iii. 50

Orange Free State, origin of, i. 10; early history, 24; sides with the Transvaal, ii. 4; measures for control of, v. 37; complicated movements in, before the advance to Pretoria, 70

Osfontein, battle of, iv. 97; Kruger and Steyn try to rally the Boers, 100

Paardeberg, battle of, iv. 54; casualties, 60, 67, 79; feat by Canadians, 69; the surrender and after, 71-79

Paget, General, vi. 42 _et passim_, 125, 132

Parliament, vote of censure, iv. 1; M.P.'s at the front, 13

Peers at the front, iv. 13

Pieter's Hill, battle of, iv. 134; casualties, 149

Pilcher's, Colonel, expedition to Sunnyside and Douglas, iii. 61; itinerary, 67; further adventures, 68

Pitsani, i. 150, 156 _et seq._

Plumer, Colonel, in Rhodesia, ii. 61; his force, 110; account of operations, iii. 27; guarding the drift, 35; operations for relief of Mafeking, iv. 204; further efforts (April), v. 49, 53; co-operates with Mahon and relieves Mafeking, 124, 131, 134; the guerilla war, vi. 132

Pole-Carew, General, ii. 177; operations in Free State, v. 73, 75, 77, 84; battle of Diamond Hill, vi. 12; capture of Middelburg, 65; Lydenburg campaign, 93

Potchefstroom, i. 96, 106

Potgeiter's Drift, iii. 95; pontoon captured, 95

Pretoria, siege of, i. 95; British resident in, 108; changed to diplomatic agent, 110; fortifications, 179; Mr. Kruger leaves, v. 179; forts fired on, 180; prisoners liberated, some removed, 181; occupied by the British, 184; escape of prisoners, v. 21; list of officers imprisoned at, vi. 10; affairs in and around, 54; plot, 62; further events, 81; the Cordua plot, 85

Pretorius, i. 6, 12

Prieska occupied, iii. 78

Prinsloo, his surrender, vi. 42

Queensland contingents, iii. 153

Raad. _See_ Volksraad.

Railways in South Africa, i. 129; Transvaal monopoly, 143; ii. 168

Reddersburg, mishap at, v. 16; casualties, 20

Reform movement, the, i. 148 _et seq._

Reitfontein, battle of, ii. 36; casualties, 38

Rensburg. _See_ Colesberg

Reverses, reason for, iii. 1; criticism, 7

Rhodes, Mr. Cecil, i. 116; his early career, 118; and General Gordon, 118; premier, 119; and Rhodesia, 120; his connection with the Jameson Raid, 150; goes to Kimberley, ii. 65; his devotion to the cause of the town, iii. 44; his various activities, iv. 14-30; heliograph message to Roberts, 28

Rhodesia, i. 118; uncivilised, 119; civilised, 124; operations in, ii. 61, 110; Northern, state of affairs in November, iii. 26; Southern, state of affairs in, 31

Roberts, Lieutenant, his death at Colenso, ii. 193; burial, iii. 8

Roberts, Lord, i. 101; leaves England, iii. 7; arrives, 131; and the Colonial troops, 133; correspondence with Kruger, 134; arrives at the Modder, 185; his despatch regarding Spion Kop, appendix; his message to Rhodes, iv. 28; his great plan to relieve Kimberley, 30; his force as reorganised, 38; issues "Notes for Guidance," 43; enters Jacobsdaal, 47; Proclamation, 48; Paardeberg, 62; receives Cronje's submission, 70; march to Bloemfontein, 108-11; characteristics, 178; plans and changes, 185; letter to Kruger, 192; preparations for advance to Pretoria, v. 32; distribution of force for subjection of Free State, 68; his plan for advance northward, 89; forces, 89; advance begins, 91; enters Kroonstadt, 106; enters Johannesburg, 152; enters Pretoria, 157; issues a General Order, vi. 3; plot in Pretoria, 62; Lydenburg campaign, 93; proclamation, 105; appointed Commander-in-Chief, 121; leaves for England, 133

Robinson, Sir Hercules and the Jameson Raid, i. 170, 172, 174

Roodeval, militia captured, vi. 8

Rorke's Drift, i. 42

Rosebery, Lord, his attack on the Government, iv. 3

Rundle, General, operations in Free State, v. 71, 77, 84; march to Senekal, 154; the Lindley affair, 161-68; movements in East Orange State, vi. 37, 42

Rustenburg occupied by Baden-Powell, vi. 40; siege of, 70

St. Helena, stranding of the _Esmore_, ii. 158

Salisbury, Lord, i. 45; reply to criticisms, iv. 3; reply to Kruger's despatch, 97; letter from the Envoys to, vi. 86

Sanna's Post, _see_ Koorn Spruit

Schreiner, Mr., ii. 5

Scott, Captain Percy, R.N., ii. 53, 75, 141, 151

Scott-Chisholme, Colonel, tribute to, ii. 27

Scott-Turner, Colonel, death of, iii. 45, 46. _See_ Kimberley

Shepstone, Sir T., i. 31, 33, 37

Smith-Dorrien, General, and the guerilla war, vi. 126

South African Republic, name taken, i. 109. _See_ Transvaal

South and West Australian Contingents, iii. 154

Spion Kop, engagement at, iii. 95, 96, 98, 100 _et seq._; casualties, 116 and appendix

Springfield, concentration at, iii. 94

Staff appointments (Chart), ii. _front._; iii. 199; iv. 213; v. 193

Steyn, Mr., becomes President, i. 182; issues proclamation October 1899, ii. 4; leaves Bloemfontein for Kroonstadt, iv. 106; leaves Kroonstadt for Lindley, v. 106; still keeps the field after Kruger's flight, vi. 54; guerilla war, 129

Stormberg, ii. 73, 84; reverse to General Gatacre's force at, 163; casualties, 167; explanations, 166-68; reconnaissance at, iv. 167

Strathcona's Horse, iii. 146

Sunnyside, action at, iii. 62

Swartz Kop, iii. 95, 101, 120

Swaziland, i. 145

Symons, General, ii. 8; at Glencoe, 14-20; death and career, 34

Talana Hill, _see_ Glencoe

Tasmania contingents, iii. 157

Thabanchu occupied, v. 83

Thorneycroft, Colonel, iii. 114 _et passim_, and appendix

_Times'_ report on Nicholson's Nek, ii. 47; the remarkable letter to, i. 186; another letter to, vi. 127

_Toronto Globe_, description of Colonel Pilcher's raid, iii. 64

Transport in the field, iii. 93

Transvaal, origin and early history of (_see_ Appendix), i. _et seq._ 4, 23; nature of, 14; dissensions, 29; annexed, 1876, 34; rebellion, 69; retrocession and its effects, 100; gold discovered, 127; of to-day, i. 136; corruption, 142; Jameson raid, 150; annexed to British Empire, vi. 97

Trichardt's Drift, crossing at, iii. 96

Truce flag, abuse of by Boers, ii. 89, 111, 116; iii. 10

Tugela River, _see_ Colenso; iii. 95; final crossing, iv. 128, 134, 142, 145; casualties, 136

Tuli, expedition from, iii. 35

"Uitlanders," i. 116; their treatment, 138; and the Jameson raid, 149; their treatment after, 179; complaints to the Queen, 180

Ultimatum, the, of 1899, i. 178-89

Ulundi, battle of, i. 49

Vaal, British army crosses, v. 145

Vaal Krantz, battle of, iii. 117; casualties, 125

Venter's Spruit casualties, iii. 104

Victoria, Queen, death of, vi. 145

Victoria contingents, iii. 150

Viljeon, General, ii. 3, 5, 10, 14

Villebois-Mareuil, de, Colonel, v. 41; his plan of campaign, 42

Volksraad, i. 8, 27, 108, 117, 140, 145, 179 _et seq._ _See_ Appendix

Volunteers offer themselves for foreign service, iii. 5

Vryburg, v. 121, 133

Wagon Hill, attack on, iii. 81; casualties, 90

Warren, Sir C., Bechuanaland expedition, i. 115; iii. 7; his force, 92; crosses the Tugela, 96; at Spion Kop, 100 _et seq._ and Appendix; engagement near Douglas, v. 169

Wauchope, General, ii. 84; at Majesfontein, 173; his death, 175, 183; his career, 184

Wepener, siege of, v. 54; casualties, 67; operations for relief, 70-82

White, Sir George, ii. 11; Reitfontein, 37; Ladysmith, 38; Lombard's Kop, 41; defends Ladysmith, 50 _et passim_. _See_ Ladysmith

Willoughby's, Sir J., report to War Office on the Jameson raid, i. 157

Willow Grange, ii. 128. _See_ Beacon Hill

Winburg, v. 97; occupied, 100

Wolseley, Sir Garnet, i. 62; his declaration, 65

Wood, Colonel Evelyn, i. 43 _et seq._; Sir Evelyn, i. 100

Wood, General, occupies Zoutpansdrift, iii. 74

Woodgate, General, iii. 104, 105, 109, 116.

Worcester Congress, vi. 133

Yeomanry volunteer for foreign service, iii. 3

Yule, General, ii. 16; famous retreat, 32, 37

Zand River crossed, v. 101

Zulus, conflicts with the Boers and British, 1836-38; origin of the war in 1879, i. 30, 36; the war, 38

Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO. Edinburgh & London

TRANSCRIBERS' NOTE

The following amendments have been made to the original text:

General: Corrections to punctuation have not been individually noted. Page 17: Volkrust standardised to Volksrust. Page 27: Nordenfelts standardised to Nordenfeldts. Page 42: Colonel Airie corrected to Colonel Airey. Page 45: Fouriesberg standardised to Fouriesburg. Page 53: consesequently corrected to consequently. Page 103: unnegociable corrected to unnegotiable. Page 105: Lydenberg standardised to Lydenburg. Page 124: asphixiated corrected to asphyxiated. Page 133: Lieufontien standardised to Lieufontein. Page 142: via standardised to viâ. Page 148: maurauding corrected to marauding. Page 157: politican corrected to politician; Buchuanaland standardised to Bechuanaland. Page 169: In the entry for Hely-Hutchinson, the blank after 189 is as in the original. Page 202, 214: Jacobsdal standardised to Jacobsdaal. Page 203, 205: Drakensburg standardised to Drakensberg. Page 204: Jerra corrected to Terra in the entry for Natal. Page 206: Pattrick corrected to Patrick in the entry for Union Jack; Magaliesburg standardised to Magaliesberg. Page 207: Sannah's standardised to Sanna's. Page 209: hepititis corrected to hepatitis. Page 215: Krugerdorp standardised to Krugersdorp.