Part 8

Neud cyn nechrau Mai mau anrhydedd, Neud aeth ysgwaeth a maeth a medd, Neud cynhebyg, ddig, ddygn adrossedd drist, Er pan ddelid Crist, weddw athrist wedd! Neud cur a lafur im wylofedd, Neud cerydd Dofydd, nad rhydd rhuddgledd. Neud cof sy ynnof, ys anwedd ei faint, Neud cywala haint, hynt diryfedd. Neud caeth im dilyd llid llaweredd, Neud caith Beirdd cyfiaith am eu cyfedd. Neud caethiwed ced, nad rhydd cydwedd _Nudd_, Cadrwalch _Ruffydd_, brudd, breiddin tachwedd, Neud cwyn Beirdd trylwyn, meddw ancwyn medd, Neud cawdd im anawdd, menestr canwledd, Neud carchar anwar enwiredd Eingl-dud, Aerddraig _Llan Rhystud_ funud fonedd. Neud nim dyhudd budd, bum arygledd, Neud nam dilyd llid, lliaws blynedd. Neud nam dawr, Duw mawr, maranedd, Nef glyw, Neud nad rhydd fy llyw, llew _Trefgarnedd_, Neud trwm oi eisiau dau digyfedd. Neu'r wyr Beirdd canwlad, nad rhad rheufedd, Neud ef arwydd gwir, neud oferedd gwyr, Wrth weled f' eryr yn ei fowredd; Neud truan i'm gwan gwayw lledfrydedd, Neud trwydded galed im amgeledd. Neud trymfryd _Gwynedd_, gwander dyedd braw: Neud hwy eu treisiaw am eu trossedd. Neud trahir gohir gloyw babir gledd, Oedd trablwng echwng _Achel_ ddewredd. Neud trai cwbl or Mai, mawredd allwynin, Neud mis Mehefin weddw orllin wedd. Neud mis Mehefin, mau hefyd gystudd, Neud nam rhydd _Gruffydd_ wayw rhudd yn rhyd. Neum rhywan im gwan gwayw cryd engiriawl, Neud am Ddraig urddawl didawl im dyd. Neum erwyr om gwyr im gweryd Crist Ner, Neud arfer ofer, Beirdd nifer byd. Neud arwydd nam llwydd lledfryd im calon, Neud eres nad tonn honn ar ei hyd. Mau ynnof mowrgof am ergyd gofal, Am attal arial _Urien_ yngryd. Mal cofain cywrain _Cywryd_, fardd _Dunawd_, Meu im Dreig priawd gwawd ni bo gwyd. Mau gwawdgan _Afan_, ufuddfryd ffrwythlawn, O gof _Gadwallawn_, brenhinddawn bryd. Ni wn waith gwaywdwn, gwawd ddihewyd clod, A thi heb ddyfod pa dda bod byd? Neud wyr pawb yn llwyr, lleyrfryd gynnat, Nad hylithr aur mal mal oddiwrthyd. Nid oes nerth madferth ym myd, oth eisiau, Gwleddau na byrddau na Beirdd ynghlyd. Nid oes lys ysbys, esbyd neud dibeirch, Nad oes meirch na seirch na serch hyfryd. Nad oes wedd na moes, masw ynyd yw'n gwlad, Nad oes mad eithr gwad a gwyd. Neud gwagedd trossedd, traws gadernid _Mon_, Neud gweigion _Arfon_ is _Reon_ ryd. Neud gwann _Wynedd_ fann, fen ydd ergyd cur, Neud gwael am fodur eglur oglyd. Neud blwyddyn i ddyn ddiofryd a gar, Neud blaengar carchar, grym aerbar gryd.

X. DYHUDDIANT ELPHIN.

_Taliesin ai dywawd_.

I.

Elphin deg taw ath wylo Na chabled neb yr eiddo Ni wna les drwg-obeithio Ni wyl dyn ddim ai portho Ni fydd goeg gweddi _Cynllo_ Ni thyrr Duw ar addawo: Ni chad yngored _Wyddno_, Erioed cystal a heno.

II.

_Elphin_ deg sych dy ddeurudd Ni weryd bod yn rhy brudd Cyt tybiaist na chefaist fudd Nith wna da gormod cystudd Nag ammau wrthiau Dofydd Cyt bwyf bychan wyf gelfydd, O foroedd ac o fynydd Ag o eigion afonydd I daw Duw a da i ddedwydd.

III.

_Elphin_ gynneddfau diddan Anfilwraidd yw d' amcan Nid rhaid yt ddirfawr gwynfan Gwell Duw na drwg ddarogan Cyd bwyf eiddil a bychan Ar fin gorferw mor dylan Mi a wnaf yn nydd cyfrdan Yt well no thrychan maran.

IV.

_Elphin_ gynneddfau hynod Na sorr ar dy gyffaelod Cyt bwyf gwan ar lawr fy nghod Mae rhinwedd ar fy nhafod Tra fwyf fi yth gyfragod Nid rhaid yt ddirfawr ofnod Drwy goffau enwau'r Drindod Ni ddichon neb dy orfod.

* * * * *

_It may not be improper to inform the Reader that the_ ORTHOGRAPHY _used in these Poems is the_ ORTHOGRAPHY _of the_ MSS. _and not that of the_ WELSH BIBLE.

APPENDIX.

1. A method how to retrieve the ancient British language, in order that the Bards of the sixth century may be understood, and that the genuineness of Tyssilio's British History, which was translated from the Armoric language into Latin by Galfridus Arturius of Monmouth may be decided; and concerning a new edition of Gildas Nennius's Eulogium Brittanniae, with notes, from ancient British MSS. This old British writer has been shamefully mangled by Dr. Gale, his editor, in the Scriptores Brittannici; and not much mended by Mr. Bertram in his late edition of it at Copenhagen.

Whether the ancient British language can be so far recovered as to understand the most ancient British writings now extant, is, I think, a consideration by no means beneath the notice of a society of Antiquarians, and of all learned men in general. There has been, it is true, an attempt of this nature made by the very learned Mr. Edward Llwyd, of the Museum, and in part laudably executed in his Archaeologia Britannica, which reflects honour on those worthy persons who supported him in his five years travels into Ireland, Scotland, Cornwal, Basse Bretagne, and Wales. But as his plan was too extensive to bring every branch of what he undertook to perfection, I think a continuation of the same, restrained within certain limits, might still be useful.--Natural history is itself a province sufficient to engross a man's whole attention; but it was only a part of this great man's undertaking: and the learned world is abundantly convinced of the uncommon proficiency he made in natural philosophy; and how industrious he was in tracing the dialects of the ancient Celtic language. But still it must be acknowledged that he did very little towards the thorough understanding the ancient British Bards and historians. And indeed he owns himself that he was not encouraged in this part of his intended work, as appears by his proposals. Far be it from me to censure those very learned men who generously contributed to support the ingenious author in his travels, and dictated the method he was to persue. But, after all, I cannot help lamenting that he did not pay more attention to the old MSS. and compile a glossary to understand them. What he has done of this nature is very imperfect, few words being added to what there are in Dr. Davies's Dictionary, and those chiefly from writings of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. Indeed it appears he had not seen the works but of one of the Bards of the sixth century, and that in the red book of Hergest, in the Archives of Jesus's College, Oxon. He complains he could not procure access to the collections at Hengwrt and Llan Fordaf, and without perusing those venerable remains, and leisure to collate them with other copies, it was impossible for him to do anything effectual.--Now the method I would propose to a person that would carry this project into execution, is, that as soon as he is become master of the ancient British language, as far as it can be learned, by the assistance of Dr. Davies's dictionary, and Moses Williams's glossary at the end of Dr. Wotton's translation of Howel Dda's laws, he should endeavour to procure access to the great collections of ancient British MSS. in the libraries of the Earl of Macclesfield, Lady Wynne of Wynstay, the Duke of Ancaster, Sir Roger Mostyn at Gloddaith, John Davies, Esquire, at Llannerch, Miss Wynne of Bod Yscallen, William Vaughan, Esquire, at Cors y Gedol, and in other places both in South and North Wales in private hands. By this means he would be enabled in time to ascertain the true reading in many MSS. that have been altered and mangled by the ignorance of transcribers. I am satisfied there are not many copies of the Bards of the sixth century extant, nor indeed of those from the conquest to the death of Llewelyn. But two or three ancient copies on vellom, if such can be met with, will be sufficient; for in some transcripts by good hands that I have seen, they are imperfect in some copies. This would in a great measure enable our traveller to fill up the blanks, and help him to understand what, for want of this, must remain obscure, if not altogether unintelligible. We should by the means of such a person have a great many monuments of genius brought to light, that are now mouldering away with age, and a great many passages in history illustrated and confirmed that are now dark and dubious. Whole poems of great length and merit might be retrieved, not inferior, perhaps, to Ossian's productions, if indeed those extraordinary poems are of so ancient date, as his translator avers them to be. The Gododin of Aneurin Gwawdrydd is a noble heroic poem. So are likewise the works of Llywarch Hen about his battles with the Saxons, in which he lost twenty-four sons, who all were distinguished for their bravery with golden torques's. _Aurdorchogion_.

Taliesin's poems to Maelgwn Gwynedd, to Elphin ap Gwyddno, to Gwynn ap Nudd, and Urien Reged, and other great personages of his time, are great curiosities. We have, besides these, some remains of the works of Merddin ap Morfryn, to his patron Gwenddolau ap Ceidis, and of Afan Ferddig to Cadwallon ap Cadfan; and, perhaps, there may be in those collections some besides that we have not heard of. All these treasures might be brought to light, by a person well qualified for the undertaking, properly recommended by men of character and learning: and I think, in an age wherein all parts of literature are cultivated, it would be a pity to lose the few remaining monuments now left of the ancient British Bards, some of which are by their very antiquity become venerable. Aneurin Gwawdrydd above-mentioned is said, by Mr. Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt, to be brother to Gildas ap Caw, author of the _Epistle de excidio Britanniae_ which is the most ancient account of Great Britain extant in Latin by a native.--No manner of estimate can be made of the works of our Bards and Historians that have been destroyed from time to time; nay some very curious ones have been lost within this century and a half. I think, therefore, it would be an act becoming the Antiquarian Society, and all patrons of learning in general, to encourage and support such an undertaking, which would redound much to their honour, and be a fund of a rational and instructive amusement.--Nor would those benefits alone accrue from a thorough knowledge of our Bards, but still more solid and substantial ones. For who would be better qualified than such a person to decide the controversy about the genuineness of the British History, by Tyssilio, from the oldest copies of it now extant, which differ in a great many particulars from the Latin translation of Galfrid, who owns that he received his copy from a person who brought it from Armorica; and why may there not be some copies of it still behind in some monasteries of that country, and of other works still more valuable? Mr. Llwyd, of the Museum, intended to visit them all, in order to get a catalogue of them to be printed in his Archaeologia Britannica; but he was prevented by the war which then broke out, of which he gives an account in a letter to Mr. Rowlands, author of Mona Antiqua restaurata, and which is published at the end of that treatise. Who can be better qualified to succeed in such an undertaking than a person that is thoroughly well versed in all the old MSS. now extant in Wales. I find that the Armoric historians, particularly Father Lobineau, quote some of their ancient Bards to confirm historical facts. This is demonstration that some of their oldest Bards are still extant; and who knows but that some of the books they took with them when they first went to settle in Gaul, under Maximus and Conau Meiriadoc, may be still extant, at least transcripts of some of them; for that some were carried over is plain, by what Gildas himself says, "quae vel si qua fuerint, aut ignibus hostium exusta, aut civium exulum classe longins deportata non compareant." So that I would have our traveller pass two years at least in Basse Bretagne, in order to make enquiry after such ancient monuments, and I make no doubt but he would make great discoveries.--Thus furnished, he might proceed to the British Museum, the Bodleian library, and the library of the two Universities, and elsewhere, where any ancient British MSS. are preserved. We might then have better editions of British authors than we have had from the English antiquaries, though in other respects very learned men; but, being unacquainted with our language, Bards, and antiquities, they have nothing but bare conjectures, and some scraps from the Roman writers to produce. No one likewise would be better qualified to fix the ancient Roman stations in Britain, as they are set down in Antoninus's intinerary, and their ancient British names.--I wish learned men would think of this ere it be too late; for one century makes a great havoc of old MSS. especially such as are in the hands of private persons, who understand not their true value, or are suffered to rot in such libraries, where nobody is permitted to have access to them.

2. _The following curious Commission published and inserted in some of the copies of Dr. Brown's Dissertation on the Union &c._, _of Poetry and Music_, _and communicated from a Manuscript Copy in my possession_, _having so near a Relation to the Family of the noble Patron of these Poems_, _I thought it right to reprint it on this occasion_.

"By the QUEEN,

"Elizabeth, by the Grace of GOD, of England, France, and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, &c. To our trusty and right well beloved Sir Richard Bulkely, Knight, Sir Rees Griffith, Knight, Ellis Price, Esq. Dr. in Civil Law, and one of our Council in the Marchesse of Wales, William Mostyn, Ieuan Lloyd of Yale, John Salisbury of Rhug, Rice Thomas, Maurice Wynne, William Lewis, Pierce Mostyn, Owen John ap Howel Fychan, John William ap John, John Lewis Owen, Morris Griffith, Symwd Thelwal, John Griffith, Ellis ap William Lloyd, Robert Puleston, Harri ap Harri, William Glynn, and Rees Hughes, Esqrs. and to every of them Greeting.

"Whereas it is come to the Knowledg of the Lord President, and other our Council in our Marchesse of Wales, that vagrant and idle Persons naming themselves _Minstrels_, _Rythmers_, and _Bards_, are lately grown into such _intolerable Multitude_ within the Principality of North Wales, that not only Gentlemen and others by their _shameless Disorders_ are oftentimes disquieted in their Habitations, but also the expert _Minstrels_ and _Musicians_ in _Tonge_ and _Cunynge_ thereby much discouraged to travaile in the Exercise and Practice of their Knowledg, and also not a little hindred (_of_) Livings and Preferment; the Reformation whereof, and the putting these People in Order, the said Lord President and Council have thought very necessary: And knowing you to be Men of both Wisdom and upright Dealing, and also of Experience and good Knowledg in the Scyence, have appointed and authorised You to be Commissioners for that Purpose: And forasmuch as our said Council, of late travailing in some Part of the said Principality, had perfect Understanding by credible Report, that the accustomed Place for the Execution of the like Commission hath been heretofore at Cayroes in our County of Flynt, and that William Mostyn, Esq. and his Ancestors have had the Gift and bestowing of the _Sylver Harp_ appertaining to the _Chief of that Faculty_, and that a _Year's Warning_ (at least) hath been accustomed to be given of the _Assembly_ and Execution of the like Commission; Our said Council have therefore appointed the Execution of this Commission to be at the said Town of Cayroes, the Monday next after the Feast of the Blessed Trinity which shall be in the Year of our Lord 1568. And therefore we require and command You by the Authority of these Presents, not only to cause _open Proclamation_ to be made in all _Fairs_, _Market-Towns_, and other _Places of Assembly_ within our Counties of Aglere, Carnarvon, Meryonydd, Denbigh and Flynt, that all and every Person and Persons that intend to _maintain_ their _Living_ by name or Colour of _Minstrels_, _Rythmers_, or _Bards_, within the Talaith of Aberffraw, comprehending the said five Shires, shall be and appear before You the said Day and Place to _shew_ their _Learnings_ accordingly: But also, that You, twenty, nineteen, eighteen, seventeen, sixteen, fifteen, fourteen, thirteen, twelve, eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, or six of you, whereof You the said Sir Richard Bulkely, Sir Rees Griffith, Ellis Price, and William Mostyn, Esqs. or three or two of you, to be of the number; to repair to the said Place the Days aforesaid, and calling to you such _expert men_ in the said _Faculty_ of the _Welsh Music_ as to You shall be thought convenient, to proceed to the Execution of the Premises, and to admit such and so many, as by your Wisdoms and Knowledges you shall find _worthy_, into and under the _Degrees_ heretofore (_in Use_) in semblable Sort to _use_, _exercise_, and _follow_ the _Sciences_ and _Faculties_ of their _Professions_, in such decent Order as shall appertain to each of their Degrees, and as your Discretions and Wisdoms shall prescribe unto them: Giving streight Monition and Commandment in our Name and on our Behalf to the rest not worthy, that they return to some honest Labour, and due Exercise, such as they be most apt unto for Maintenance of their Living, upon Pain to be taken as sturdy and idle Vagabonds, and to be used according to the Laws and Statutes provided in that Behalf; letting You with our said Council look for Advertisement, by Certificate at your Hands, of your Doings in the Execution of the said Premises; foreseeing in any wise, that upon the said Assembly the Peace and good Order be observed and kept accordingly; ascertaining you that the said William Mostyn hath promised to see Furniture and Things necessary provided for that Assembly, at the Place aforesaid.

"Given under our Signet at our City of Chester, the twenty third of October in the ninth Year of out Reign, 1567.

"Signed Her Highness's Counsail in the Marchesse of Wales."

"_N.B._ This Commission was copied exactly from the original now at Mostyn, A.D. 1693: where the _Silver Harp_ also is."

3. _Since this Commission has been in the Press_, _the Author has had an opportunity to see the following Account of what has been done in consequence of such a Commission in the tenth Year of the Reign of Queen_ Elizabeth. _This is translated from the Original in_ Welsh.

Know all Men, by these Presents, that there is a Congress of Bards, and Musicians, to be held in the Town of Caerwys, in the County of Flint, on the twenty-sixth day of May, in the tenth Year of the Reign of her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, before Ellis Price, Esquire, Doctor of the Civil Law, and one of her Majesty's Council in the Marches of Wales, and before William Mostyn, Peres Mostyn, Owen John ap Hywel Vaughan, John William ap John, John Lewis Owen, Morris Griffith, Simon Thelwat, John Griffith Serjeant, Robert Pulesdon, Evan Lloyd of Ial, and William Glyn, Esquires.

And that we the said Commissioners, by virtue of the said Commission, being her Majesty's Council, do give and grant to Simwnt Vychan, Bard, the degree of Pencerdd; and do order that Persons receive and hospitably entertain him in all Places fit for him to go and come to receive his Perquisites according to the Princely Statutes in that Case made and provided. Given under our Hands, in the Year 1568.

A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR Of the preceding Work.

"In the church-yard of Llanfihangel Lledrod, situated at some distance from Crosswood, on the other side of Ystwyth, are deposited, without stone or epitaph, the remains of the Rev. Evan Evans, the author of 'Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh Bards,' &c., and equally distinguished for his genius as a poet, and his knowledge of the British language and antiquities. He was born at Cynhawdref in this parish, about the year 1730, and received the first part of his education at the Grammar School at Ystrad Meirig, then under the care of the celebrated Mr. Richards. Hence he removed to Jesus College, Oxford, towards the beginning of 1751. He afterwards took orders, and served successively several churches in the capacity of curate, but was never fortunate enough to hold a living of his own. His disappointment in his profession preyed considerably on his mind, and led him to seek an oblivion to his vexation in excesses which impaired his health and greatly limited his usefulness. He devoted considerable attention in early life to the study of his native language, in which he composed several poetical pieces. Some of these, as appears from a correspondence inserted in the 'Cambrian Register,' were submitted to the criticism, and received the corrections of Mr. Lewis Morris, who speaks highly of Mr. Evans's talents and promise of future excellence. His chief literary productions are the 'Specimens,' above mentioned, which were published in 4to. in 1764. In these he has given a literal prose version of the writings of some of the earlier Welsh bards. For the copy-right he received thirty pounds. He wrote also several English poems, and a great number of short poems in Welsh, (some of which are inserted in the following pages,) and a translation into Welsh of two volumes of sermons, selected out of Tillotson and other eminent divines. A great part of his life was spent in collecting and transcribing ancient Welsh manuscripts. He was admitted to the collection of Sir Roger Mostyn, which preserves a very great number of ancient manuscripts, of great value: he likewise copied the works of the oldest bards, from a very large vellum manuscript, called 'Y Llyfr Coch,' in the library of Jesus College, Oxford. He thence also copied several valuable historical tracts of the 12th century. He, besides what has been mentioned, explored every corner of Wales, in quest of manuscripts, and met with considerable success; but the neccessary encouragement, which was solicited towards putting a part of what he had thus collected to press was withheld from him."--_Partly extracted from Rees's Historical description of South Wales_.

We are told that the ancient Welsh MSS. which our industrious author collected and transcribed, occupy upwards of eighty volumes. They were purchased by the late Paul Panton Esq., of Plasgwyn, Anglesea.

Mr. Evans had a lengthy correspondence with Bishop Percy and other eminent antiquaries; the most interesting portions of which will be found in the following pages together with selections from his poetical works. He was of tall stature,--hence his Bardic name of Prydydd Hir, (the tall poet.) He was very benevolently disposed, and highly national and patriotic, and as might be expected, was most averse to the appointment of English prelates to Welsh dioceses. That will partly account for his stationary position in the Establishment. His excessive love of the 'wine cup' may also have had something to do in preventing his appointment to a more lucrative position in the Church. Mr Evans died suddenly in the month of May 1789; some say that he perished on a mountain; _others_ say that he died at, or near his native home; but _none_ deny that poverty and sorrow hastened the death of our talented but unfortunate author.

AN ELEGY

_On the Death of the Rev. E. Evans_, (_Ieuan Prydydd Hir_,) _by the Rev. R. Williams_, (_Companion to Mr. Pennant in his Welsh tours_.)