CHAPTER XVIII.

Man in Nature 481

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page

Cape Trinity on the Saguenay _Frontispiece_

Folding of the Earth's Crust _To face_ 9

Cambro-Silurian Sponges " 39

Map of the North Atlantic " 57

Nature-print of Eozoon " 95

Laurentian Hills, Lower St. Lawrence 100

Section from Petite Nation Seigniory to St. Jerome 101

The Laurentian Nucleus of the American Continent 103

Attitude of Limestone at St. Pierre 109

Weathered Eozoon and Canals _To face_ 112

" " " 113

Group of Canals in Eozoon 115

Amœba and Actinophrys 119

Minute Foraminiferal Forms 123

Section of a Nummulite 127

Portion of Shell of Calcarina 128

Weathered Eozoon with Oscular tubes _To face_ 135

Diagram showing different States of Fossilization of a Cell of a Tabulate Coral 139

Slice of Crystalline Lower Silurian Limestone 141

Walls of Eozoon penetrated with Canals 141

Joint of a Crinoid 145

Shell from a Silurian Limestone, Wales 146

Casts of Canals of Eozoon in Serpentine 147

Canals of Eozoon 147

Primordial Trilobites _To face_ 169

Primitive Fishes " 184

Devonian Forest " 201

Coal Section in Nova Scotia 233

Skeleton of _Hylonomus Lyelli_ _To face_ 257

Footprints of _Hylopus Logani_ " 260

Humerus and Jaws of _Dendrerpeton_ " 272

Reptiliferous Tree " 276

Microsaurian, restored " 278

_Dolichosoma longissimum_, restored " 286

_Pupa_ and _Conulus_ " 288

Millipedes and Insect " 296

Footprints of _Limulus_ " 311

_Rusichnites Grenvillensis_ " 322

Restoration of _Protospongia tetranema_ " 329

Giant Net-sponge " 336

Boulder Beach, Little Metis " 345

Palæogeography of North America " 383

Distribution of Animals in Time " 401

Tuckerman's Ravine and Mount Washington " 425

Pre-historic Skulls " 459

Primitive Sculpture " 481

TABLE OF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY.

Non-Geological readers will find in the following table a condensed explanation of the more important technical terms used in the following pages. The order is from older to newer.

GREATER SYSTEMS OF CHARACTERISTIC FOSSILS. PERIODS. FORMATIONS.

Archæan or Eozoic

Pre-Laurentian Laurentian Protozoa Protophyta

Palæozoic

Huronian { Crustaceans Algæ Cambrian { Molluscs Cryptogamous Cambro-Silurian[A] { Worms and Silurian[B] { Corals, etc, Gymnospermous Devonian Fishes Plants. Carboniferous Amphibians Permian

Mesozoic

Triassic { Reptiles Pines and Jurassic { Birds Cycads Cretaceous { Earliest Mammals. Trees of modern types.

Kainozoic or Tertiary

Eocene Higher Mammals Miocene of extinct forms Pliocene Recent Mammals Modern Plants, Pleistocene and Modern Man.

[A] Ordovician of Lapworth.

[B] Salopian of Lapworth.

_THE STARTING-POINT._

DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF

PROF. ROBERT JAMESON,

Of the University of Edinburgh, my first Teacher in Geology,

whose Lectures I attended, and whose kind Advice and

Guidance I enjoyed, in the Winter of 1840-1841.

Headlands and Spurs--Popular Papers on Leading Topics--Revisiting Old Localities--Dedications--General Scope of the Work