CHAPTER XVI.

CLIMATE, 287.—Heat and Moisture Control Climates, 287.—Climatic Conditions, 287.—_Ascertainment and Presentation of Temperature Conditions_, 288.—Annual Mean not a Good Criterion, 289.—Extremes of Temperature are most Important, 289.—Seasonal and Monthly Means, 289.—Daily Variations, 290.—_The Rainfall_, 290.—Annual Rainfall not a Good Criterion, 290.—Distribution most Important, 290.—_Winds_, 291.—Heat the Cause of Winds, 291.—Trade Winds, 291.—Cyclones, 292.— Influence of the Topography on Winds; Rains to Windward of Mountains, Arid Climates to Leeward, 293.—General Distribution of Rainfall on the Globe. Figure, 294.—Ocean Currents, 295.—The Gulf Stream, 295.—The Japan Stream, 296.—Contrast of Climates of N. W. America, 297.—Continental, Coast and Insular Climates, 297.—Subtropic. Arid Belts, 298.—Utilization of the Arid Belts, 299.