Soap-Making Manual A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant.

CHAPTER I. Page.

Chapter 1128 wordsPublic domain

RAW MATERIALS USED IN SOAP MAKING 1-30

1. Soap Defined 1

2. Oils and Fats 1-2

3. Saponification Defined 2-3

4. Fats and Oils Used in Soap Manufacture 3-4 Fullers' Earth Process for Bleaching Tallow 4-6 Method for Further Improvement of Color in Tallow 6 Vegetable Oils 6-9 Chrome Bleaching of Palm Oil 9-12 Air Bleaching of Palm Oil 12-16

5. Rancidity of Oils and Fats 16-18 Prevention of Rancidity 18

6. Chemical Constants of Oils and Fats 18-19

7. Oil Hardening or Hydrogenating 19-21

8. Grease 21-22

9. Rosin (Colophony, Yellow Rosin, Resina) 22-23

10. Rosin Saponification 23-24

11. Naphthenic Acids 24-25

12. Alkalis 25-26 Caustic Soda 26 Caustic Potash 26-28 Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) 28-29 Potassium Carbonate 29

13. Additional Material Used in Soap Making 29-30