Chapter 9

manuscript of _The Antiquary_, explaining why the author particularly liked that novel.

Letters, hitherto unpublished, written by members of Sir Walter Scott's family to their old governess. Edited, with an introduction and notes, by the Warden of Wadham College, Oxford.

London, 1905.

See pp. 13-15 for a letter from Scott, and pp. 37-38 for a note of instructions in regard to his daughter Sophia's history lessons.

Correspondence between J. Fenimore Cooper and Sir Walter Scott.

_The Knickerbocker Magazine_, xi: 380; April, 1838.

The letter from Scott to Cooper quoted above, p. 102, is here given.

Fiction, Fair and Foul. By John Ruskin.

_Nineteenth Century_, viii: 195; August, 1880.

A footnote on pp. 196-7 contains fragments of five letters from Scott to the builder of Abbotsford.

Wordsworth's Poetical Works. Edited by William Knight.

II vols. Edinburgh, 1882.

See the index. Vol. XI, p. 196 has a letter from Scott which I think had not previously been published. Vol. X, p. 105, gives one which Lockhart quotes "very imperfectly," according to Prof. Knight.

Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain ... with biographical and historical memoirs of their lives and actions, by Edmund Lodge.

London, 1835.

Vol. I contains, in the appendix to the preface, a letter from Scott to the publisher, dated 25th March 1828. (See _Lockhart_, V, 350.)

The Life and Letters of Maria Edgeworth, edited by Augustus J.C. Hare.

2 vols. Boston, 1895.

This contains a few letters of Scott's, but only one which is not published elsewhere.

A Short Account of successful exertions in behalf of the fatherless and widows after the war in 1814; containing letters from Mr. Wilberforce, Sir Walter Scott, Marshal Blücher, etc. By Rudolf Ackermann.

Oxford, 1871.

There is only one letter by Scott.

The Courser's Manual, etc., by T. Goodlake. 1828.

This book contains one letter by Scott, dated 16th October, 1828, about an old Scottish poem entitled "The Last Words of Bonny Heck." (See _Lockhart_, V. 219, for what is doubtless the same letter.)

The Chimney-sweeper's Friend and Climbing-boy's Album. Arranged by James Montgomery.

London, 1824.

The Preface contains part of a letter from Scott, in which he describes the construction of the chimneys at Abbotsford. (See _Lockhart_, IV. 158-9.)

APPENDIX II.

1. _Bibliographies of Scott_

Allibone, S.A. Dictionary of British and American Authors and Literature. 3 vols. Phil., 1870.

Anderson, J.P. Bibliography of Scott, in the Life of Scott by C.D. Yonge (Great Writers Series). London, 1888.

Lockhart's Life of Scott; the Centenary Catalogue (see above, p. 171); the British Museum Catalogue; the Dictionary of National Biography.

2. _A partial list of the books used in the preparation of this Study_, aside from those given in the bibliography of Scott's works. (See particularly the list of books which contain letters written by Scott: Appendix I. 3.)

Adolphus, J.L. Letters to Richard Heber, Esq., containing critical remarks on the series of novels beginning with "Waverley," and an attempt to ascertain their author. Second edition. London, 1822.

Aitken, G.A., ed. Romances and Narratives by Daniel Defoe. 16 vols. London, 1895.

Arnold, Matthew. Byron. In Essays in Criticism. Second series. London, 1889.

Carlyle, Thomas. Sir Walter Scott. In Critical and Miscellaneous Essays. 4 vols. London, 1857.

Chambers, E.K. The Mediaeval Stage. 2 vols. Oxford, 1903.

Chesterton, G.K. Varied Types. New York, 1903.

Child, Francis J. English and Scottish Popular Ballads. 5 vols. Boston, 1882-96.

English and Scottish Popular Ballads, edited from the collection of Francis James Child by Helen Child Sargent and George Lyman Kittredge. Boston, 1904.

Clemens, S.L. (Mark Twain). Life on the Mississippi. Boston, 1883.

Cockburn, Henry. Memorials of His Time. Edinburgh, 1874.

Coleridge, S.T. Specimens of the Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 2 vols. London, 1835.

Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, edited by E.H. Coleridge. 2 vols. Boston, 1895.

Collins, J. Churton. Ephemera Critica. London, 1901.

Courthope, W.J. A History of English Poetry. 4 vols. New York, 1895-1903.

The Liberal Movement in English Literature. London, 1885.

Cunningham, Allan. Life of Scott. Boston, 1832.

Dowden, Edward. Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley. 2 vols. London, 1886.

Fitzgerald, Percy. New History of the English Stage, from the Restoration to the liberty of the theatres, in connection with the patent houses. 2 vols. London, 1882.

Forster, John. Walter Savage Landor, a biography. 2 vols. London, 1869.

Freeman, E.A. The History of the Norman Conquest of England. 5 vols. New York, 1873.

Gates, L.E. Three Studies in Literature. New York, 1899.

Gillies, R.P. Recollections of Sir Walter Scott. (Republished in book form from _Fraser's Magazine_, Sept., Nov., Dec. 1835, and Jan., 1836.)

Hazlitt, William. Collected Works, edited by A.R. Waller and Arnold Glover. 12 vols. London, 1902-4. (Spirit of the Age, Vol. IV; Plain Speaker, Vol. VII; Dramatic Essays, Vol. VIII.)

Herford, C.H. The Age of Wordsworth. (Handbooks of English Literature.) London, 1905.

Hogg, James, ed. Jacobite Relics of Scotland, being the songs, airs, and legends of the adherents of the House of Stuart. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1819-21.

Domestic Manners and Private Life of Sir Walter Scott. Glasgow, 1834.

Hudson, W.H. Sir Walter Scott, London, 1901.

Hunt, J.H. Leigh. Autobiography; with reminiscences of friends and contemporaries. 2 vols. New York, 1850.

Feast of the Poets. London, 1814.

Lord Byron and some of his contemporaries. Second edition. 2 vols. London, 1828.

Hutton, R.H. Sir Walter Scott. (English Men of Letters.) New York, 1878.

Irving, Washington. Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey. (First volume of the "Crayon Miscellany.") London, 1835.

Lang, Andrew. Sir Walter Scott (Literary Lives). New York, 1906.

Border edition of the Waverley Novels, 48 vols. London, 1892-1894.

Laing, Malcolm, ed. Poems of Ossian, containing the poetical works of James MacPherson in prose and verse. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1805.

Legaré, H.S. Writings.... Edited by his sister. Charleston, S.C., 1846.

Lounsbury, T.R. James Fenimore Cooper. (American Men of Letters.) Boston, 1882.

Maigron, Louis. Le Roman Historique à l'Époque Romantique: essai sur l'influence de Walter Scott. Paris, 1898.

Masson, David. British Novelists and Their Styles. Cambridge, Eng., 1859.

Matthews, Brander. The Historical Novel, etc. New York, 1901.

Meteyard, Eliza. A Group of Englishmen (1795-1815), being records of the younger Wedgwoods and their friends. London, 1871.

Millar, J.H. The Mid-Eighteenth Century. (Periods of European Literature.) New York, 1902.

Moore, Thomas. Letters and Journals of Lord Byron, with notices of his life. 2 vols. London, 1830.

Myers, F.W.H. Wordsworth. (English Men of Letters.) New York, 1881.

Newman, J.H. Apologia Pro Vita Sua. London, 1892.

Nichol, John. Byron. (English Men of Letters.) New York, 1880.

Palgrave, F.T. Biographical and Critical Memoir of Sir Walter Scott. (In Poetical Works of Scott. London, 1866, Macmillan and Company.)

Paris, Gaston. La Littérature Française au Moyen Age. Paris, 1890.

Percy, W. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, consisting of old heroic ballads, songs, and other pieces of our earlier poets (chiefly of the lyric kind) together with some few of later date. 3 vols. London, 1765.

Pierce, E.L. Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner. 2 vols. Boston, 1877.

Ruskin, John. Modern Painters. New edition, 5 vols. London, 1897.

Saintsbury, George. Life of Scott. (Famous Scots Series.) New York. [1897.]

A History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe.... 3 vols. New York, 1900-1904.

Scott, Temple, ed. The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. (Bohn's Standard Library.) London, 1898-1905.

Southey, Robert. Selections from the Letters of Robert Southey, edited by John Wood Warter. 4 vols. London, 1856.

Stephen, Leslie. English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century. (Ford Lectures, 1903.) London, 1904.

Swift. (English Men of Letters.) New York, 1882.

Taine, H.A. Histoire de la Littérature Anglaise. 4 vols. Paris, 1863-64.

Ticknor, George. Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor. Sixth edition. 2 vols. Boston, 1877.

White, A.D. Autobiography. 3 vols. New York, 1905.

Wylie, L.J. Studies in the Evolution of English Criticism. Boston, 1894.

3. _Periodicals and articles referred to, aside from the articles written by Scott._

_The Bibliographer_: Notes for a Bibliography of Swift, by Stanley Lane-Poole. Vol. VI, pp. 160-71.

_The Edinburgh Review_: Review of The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. I, pp. 395-406; Review of Sir Tristrem, Vol. IV, pp. 427-43; Review of Scott's edition of Swift, Vol. XXVII, pp. 1-58; Border Ballads, Vol. CCIII, pp. 306-26.

_The English Historical Review_: Dean Swift and The Memoirs of Captain Carleton, by Col. the Hon. Arthur Parnell, R.E. Vol. VI, pp. 97-151.

_Fraser's Magazine_: Review of Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft, Vol. II, pp. 507-519.

_The Knickerbocker Magazine_: Review by J. Fenimore Cooper of Lockhart's Life of Scott, Vol. XII, pp. 349 ff.

_Macmillan's Magazine_: The Historical Novel: Scott and Dumas, by Prof. Saintsbury, Vol. LXX, pp. 321-330.

_The Nineteenth Century_: Defoe's "Apparition of Mrs. Veal," by G.A. Aitken, Vol. XXXVII, pp. 95 ff.

_The Quarterly Review_: Review of Dunlop's History of Fiction, Vol. XIII, pp. 384-408; Review of Frankenstein, Vol. XVIII, pp. 37-385; Review of The Lives of the Novelists, Vol. XXXIV, pp. 349-378.

INDEX.

_Abbot, The_, 88, 132, 155 _Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey_, 15, 176 _Abbotsford, described by the Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell Scott_, 161 _Abbotsford Notanda_, 169 _Absalom and Achitophel_, 60, 63-4, 66 _Account of the Death of Frederick, Duke of York, An_, 156 Addison, Joseph, 80 Adolphus, J.L., see _Letters to Heber_ Aeschylus, 50 _Age of Wordsworth, The_, 10, 20, 125, 131, 136, 175 _Aiken's Collection of Songs_, Scott's review of, 26, 163 Aitken, G.A., 77, 174, 178 _Alastor_, 89 _Alexander's Feast_, 63, 139 Allibone, S.A., 56, 153, 172, 174 _Amadis de Gaul_, Scott's review of, 4, 37, 128, 129, 162 _Ancient British Drama_, 52, 151-2 _Ancient Criminal Trials_, Scott's review of, 46, 143, 165 _Ancient English Metrical Romances_, Scott's review of, 125, 162 _Ancient Mariner, The_, 87-8 _Ancient Times_, 149 Anderson, J.P., see _Bibliography of Scott_ _Annals of a Publishing House_, 169 _Annals of the Caledonians_, etc., Scott's review of, 164 _Anne of Geierstein_, 51, 65, 104, 127, 160 _Antiquary, The_, 3, 50, 51, 89, 154, 172 _Apologia_, Newman's, 142, 176 _Apology for Tales of Terror_, 147 _Apparition of Mrs. Veal, The_, 76-7, 178 Arbuthnot, John, 68 Ariosto, 33, 105 Aristotle, 53, 54 Arnold, Matthew, 95-6, 174 _Auchindrane, or The Ayrshire Tragedy_, 160 _Auchinleck Manuscript, The_, 34, 148 _Auld Robin Gray_, 157 Austen, Jane, 75, 100, 130 _Autobiography of Scott_, 160

Bage, Robert, 73, 75, 79 Baillie, Joanna, 46, 85, 97, 98, 114, 118, 151, 156 _Ballad Book, The_, 28, 148 _Ballads and Lyrical Pieces_, 148 _Ballantyne and Lockhart Pamphlets, The_, 149, 169 _Bannatyne, Memoir of_, 44, 160 _Bannatyne Miscellany, The_, 159 Barnard, Lady Anne, 157 _Bartholomew Fair_, 118 _Battle of Brunanburgh, The_, 20, 43 _Battles of Talavera_, Scott's review of, 106, 112-13, 163 Beaumont and Fletcher, 42, 50, 51, 52, 56 _Beggar's Bush, The_, 50 _Beggar's Opera, The_, 50 _Beowulf_, 42 Berners, John, Lord, 128 _Betrothed, The_, 157, 167 _Bibliographer, The_, 67, 177 _Bibliography of Scott_, Anderson's, 174 _Bibliothèque Bleue_, 33 _Bibliothèque de Romans_, 33 _Black Dwarf, The_, 3, 87, 109, 154 Blackmore, Sir Richard, 80 _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, 78, 83, 100, 164, 167, 169 Blair, Hugh, 15 _Boaden's Life of Kemble_, Scott's review of, 46, 47, 58, 164 Boiardo, 33 Boileau, 136 _Border Antiquities_, 153 Boswell, James, 80, 161 _Brennoralt_, 51 _Bridal of Triermain, The_, 27, 152 _Bride of Lammermoor, The_, 3, 34, 155 _British Novelists and Their Styles_, 3, 145, 176 Brome, Richard, 50 Broughton, Hugh, 71 Brown, Charles Brockden, 104 Buchan, Peter, 27 Bunyan, Scott's review of Southey's Life of, 111, 165 Bürger, Gottfried, 18, 31, 147 Burney, Fanny, 100 Burns, Robert, 22, 30, 86, 93, 96 _Burt's Letters from the North of Scotland_, 154 Butler, Samuel, 64 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 11, 50, 86, 88-9, 91, 92-6, 97, 98, 99, 101, 104, 105, 106, 110, 121, 129, 143, 163, 171, 176

_Cadyow Castle_, 30 _Cain_, 95 _Caledonian Sketches_, Scott's review of, 84, 163 Calprenède, 53, 76 Campbell, Thomas, 96, 100, 118, 163 Carey, Patrick, 155 _Carey, Robert, Memoirs of_, 149, 151 _Carleton, Captain, Memoirs of_, 68, 144, 148, 178 Carlyle, Thomas, 125, 131, 144, 174 Carr, Sir John, 84, 163 Cartwright, William, 50 _Castle Dangerous_, 18, 34, 161 _Castle of Otranto, The_, 76 _Catalogue of the Centenary Exhibition_, 147, 151, 171, 174 Chambers, E.K., 21, 174 Chambers, Robert, 50, 169, 170 _Changeling, The_, 56 Chapman, George, 50 _Chase, The_, 31, 147 Chatterton, Scott's review of the Life and Works of, 43, 162 Chaucer, 43, 44-5, 62, 162 Chesterton, G.K., 11, 174 _Childe Harold_, 14, 88, 93, 94, 95, 129, 163 Child, Francis J., 24, 28, 31, 174 _Chimney-Sweeper's Friend_, 173 _Chivalry_, Essay on, 36, 46, 154 _Christabel_, 62, 86-7, 88 Christie, W.D., 60 _Chronicles of the Canongate_, 2, 3, 80, 119, 129, 159 _Chronological Notes of Scottish Affairs_, 156 _Chrononhotonthologos_, 50 _Cid, The_, Scott's review of, 92, 163 _Clarissa Harlowe_, 74 Clemens, Samuel L., 142, 174 Clifford, Arthur, 149 _Cock and the Fox, The_, 45 Cockburn, Henry, 15, 175 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 11, 22, 51, 86-9, 90-91, 92, 106, 135, 137, 138, 169, 175 Collins, Churton, 68, 143-4, 175 Colvin, Sidney, 100 Congreve, William, 57, 60 _Conquest of Granada, The_, 57 _Constable, Archibald, Literary Correspondence of_, 12, 33, 48, 52, 98, 104, 121, 126, 127, 154, 158, 168, 169 Conybeare, John J., 42 Cooper, J. Fenimore, 14, 101-3, 172, 178 _Correspondence of Lady Suffolk_, Scott's review of, 142, 164 _Count Julian_, 99 _Count Robert of Paris_, 161 _Courser's Manual, The_, 173 Courthope, W.J., 21, 141, 175 Cowley, Abraham, 59, 64 Cowper, William, 64 Crabbe, George, 97, 166 Craik, Sir Henry, 68 _Critic, The_, 50 Croker, J.W., 161, 163 _Cromek's Reliques of Burns_, Scott's review of, 22, 86, 163 _Culloden Papers_, Scott's review of, 45, 163 Cumberland, Richard, 73, 163 Cunningham, Allan, 47-8, 81-2, 96, 175 _Curse of Kehama, The_, Scott's review of, 91, 92, 163

Dante, 33, 92 _Darkness_, 88-9 Davy, Sir Humphrey, see _Salmonia_ _Dean Swift and the Memoirs of Captain Carleton_, 68, 144, 148, 178 Defoe, Daniel, 71, 73, 76-7, 148-9, 156, 178 Dekker, Thomas, 50, 56 _Demonology and Witchcraft, Letters on_, 45, 104, 138, 160, 178 DeQuincey, Thomas, 99 Derrick, John, 71, 150 _Description of the Regalia of Scotland_, 155 _Diable Boiteux, Le_, 74 _Dictionary of British and American Authors_, 56, 153, 172, 174 D'Israeli, Isaac, 20, 142 _Domestic Manners and Private Life of Sir Walter Scott_, 114, 175 _Don Juan_, 95 Donne, John, 62 _Don Quixote_, 33 _Doom of Devorgoil, The_, 46-7, 48, 160 Douce, Francis, 20 _Douglas_, 47, 51, 111 Douglas, David, 161, 168 _Douglas on Military Bridges_, Scott's review of, 163 Dowden, Prof. Edward, 91, 175 _Drama_, Essay on, 50, 52-9, 136, 154 _Drapier's Letters, The_, 69 Drayton, Michael, 62 Drelincourt's _Defence_, etc., 76-7 Dryden, John, 44, 59-65, 93, 112, 145 _Dryden's Works_, edited by Scott, 2, 5, 7, 36, 44-5, 50, 51, 52-8, 59-65, 66, 70, 73, 80, 126, 131, 136, 139, 145, 149 Dunbar, William, 44, 143-4 Dunlop, J.C., 73, 178 Dyce, Alexander, 55

Eberty, Felix, 2 Edgeworth, Maria, 75, 76, 97, 100, 101, 103, 173 _Edinburgh Annual Register, The_, 6, 26, 85, 91, 118, 141, 155, 165-7 _Edinburgh Review_, 4, 5, 18, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 61, 69, 82, 84, 91, 125, 128, 129, 134, 135, 162, 164, 178 _Edinburgh Weekly Journal, The_, 155, 156, 157, 167 Elliott, Hon. Fitzwilliam, 25 Ellis, George, 4, 20, 34, 35, 43, 44, 58, 60, 91, 113, 162 Ellis, James, Letters of Scott to, 171 _Emma_, Scott's review of, 100, 163 _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 37, 46, 52, 154 _English and Scottish Popular Ballads_, 24, 28, 31, 174 _English Historical Review, The_, 68, 144, 148, 178 _English Literature and Society in the Eighteenth Century_, 97, 177 _English Minstrelsy_, 151 _Ephemera Critica_, 143-4, 175 _Evans's Old Ballads_, Scott's review of, 26, 163 _Eve of St. John, The_, 30, 147 _Evergreen, The_, 28 _Eyrbyggja Saga, The_, 42, 152

_Fables_, Dryden's, 44-5, 64 _Fair Maid of Perth, The_, 159 _Fair Maid of the Inn, The_, 50 _Family Legend, The_, 46 _Familiar Letters of Sir Walter Scott_, 5, 13, 14, 33, 37, 40, 47, 50, 62, 80, 84, 85, 87, 89, 96, 97, 103, 104, 108, 110, 114, 115, 116, 118, 120, 138, 143, 168 _Fatal Revenge, The_, Scott's review of, 163 _Faust_, 104 _Faustus_, 55 _Ferdinand, Count Fathom_, 74 Fergusson, Robert, 86 _Ferrex and Porrex_, 54 Ferrier, Susan, 100 Fielding, Henry, 73, 74, 75-6, 78-9, 110 _Field of Waterloo, The_, 121, 153 Fitzgerald, Percy, 49, 175 _Fleetwood_, Scott's review of, 162 Fletcher, John, 42, 50, 51, 52, 56 Fletcher, Phineas, 64 Ford, John, 50, 56 _Foreign Quarterly Review_, 57, 58, 105, 132, 133, 164 _Forester's Guide, The_, Scott's review of, 164 Forster, John, 85, 91, 98-9, 175 _Fortunes of Nigel, The_, 27, 47, 48, 49, 51, 77, 108, 110, 111, 118, 119, 128, 131, 157 Fouqué, Baron de la Motte, 105 _Fragmenta Regalia_, 55, 149 _Fragments of Voyages and Travel_, 172 France, Anatole, 127 Franck, Richard, 155 _Frankenstein_, 78, 89, 164, 178 _Fraser's Magazine_, 85, 106, 130, 138, 143, 146, 175, 178 Freeman, Edward, 126, 127, 175 Frere, John Hookham, 20, 35 Froissart, 36, 128, 162

Galt, John, 129, 164 _Gammer Gurton's Needle_, 54 Gates, Prof. L.E., 134, 135, 175 Gay, John, 128 _Gebir_, 98 _Gertrude of Wyoming_, Scott's review of, 82, 96, 163 Gibson, John, 170 Gifford, William, 50, 52, 83, 84, 134, 141 Gilfillan, George, 1 Gillies, R.P., 14, 85, 95, 106, 130, 143, 146, 171, 175 _Glenfinlas_, 30 Godwin, William, 9, 44, 99 _Godwin's Life of Chaucer_, Scott's review of, 9, 44, 84, 124, 162 Goethe, 54, 95, 104-5, 125, 147 _Goetz von Berlichingen_, 54, 147 Goldsmith, Oliver, 73, 75 Gosson, Stephen, 71 _Gourgaud's Narrative, Remarks on_, 164 Grammont, Count, 5, 152 _Gray Brother, The_, 30 Greene, Robert, 55, 71 Grimm, Jacob, 21 _Groat's-worth of Wit_, 71 _Group of Englishmen, A_, 87, 176 _Gulliver's Travels_, 70 _Guy Mannering_, 3, 6, 46, 50, 76, 117, 120, 121, 153, 167 _Gwynne, John, Military Memoirs of_, 157

_Hajji Baba in England_, Scott's review of, 164 _Halidon Hill_, 48, 156 _Hall of Justice, The_, 97 _Harold the Dauntless_, 121, 154 _Harper's Magazine_, 161 Hawkesworth, John, 65 Haydon, B.R., 99, 171 Hazlitt, William, 49, 51, 85, 99, 114, 135, 139, 141, 175 _Heart of Midlothian, The_, 3, 46, 154 _Heber, Richard, Letters to_, 10, 15-16, 49, 65, 85, 88, 97, 114, 129, 131, 132, 174 Hemans, Mrs. Felicia, 98 Henderson's edition of _The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border_, 22, 23, 24-5, 26, 28, 29, 148 Henry, Robert, 126 Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury, 150 Herbert, William, Scott's review of the Poems of, 18, 31, 41, 162 Herford, C.H., see _Age of Wordsworth_ _Highland Widow, The_, 120, 159 _Hind and the Panther, The_, 60 _History of Criticism_, Saintsbury's, 146, 177 _History of English Poetry_, Courthope's, 21, 175 _History of English Poetry_, Warton's, 19, 21, 34, 35 _History of John Bull_, 68 _History of Prose Fiction_, Dunlop's, 73, 178 _History of Queen Elizabeth's Favourites_, 5, 149 _History of Scotland_, Scott's, 127, 160 _History of Scotland_, Tytler's, Scott's review of, 45, 124, 164 _History of the Church of Scotland_, Defoe's, 77 _History of the Church of Scotland_, Sharpe's Kirkton's, Scott's review of, 163 _History of the Norman Conquest of England_, 126, 127, 175 _History of the Years 1814 and 1815_, 6, 166 _Hodgson, Captain, Memoirs of_, 148, 149 Hoffman, Scott's review of the Works of, 89, 105, 132, 164 Hogg, James, 26, 96, 114, 169, 171, 175 Home, Scott's review of the Life of, 15, 80, 82, 106, 164 Homer, 63, 71, 118, 131 Horace, 54, 84 _Hours of Idleness_, 93 _House of Aspen, The_, 167 _Hudibras_, 64 Hudson, W.H., 2, 175 Hughes, Mrs., 54, 168 Hume, David, 15 Hunt, Leigh, 99, 100, 135, 141, 176 Hutton, R.H., 1, 176 Hutchinson, H.G., 54, 168

_Iliad, The_, 63, 131 _Illustrations of Northern Antiquities_, 152 _Image of Ireland, The_, 71, 150 _Imitations of the Ancient Ballad_, Essay on, 19, 30, 41, 42, 88, 115, 160 _Indian Emperor, The_, 53 _Introductions, etc., to the Novels, Tales, and Romances, of the Author of Waverley_, 160 Irving, Washington, 15, 97, 101, 103-4, 117, 143, 171, 176 _Ivanhoe_, 6, 87, 108, 120, 126, 127, 128, 142, 155

_Jacobite Relics_, 26, 175 Jamieson, Robert, 42, 152, 154 Jeffrey, Francis, 4, 69, 83, 84, 93, 134-5 _Jests of George Peele_, 71 _Jonathan Wild_, 74 _John de Lancaster_, Scott's review of, 163 _Johnes's Froissart_, Scott's review of, 36, 162 Johnson, Samuel, 60, 61, 64, 68, 73, 74, 79-80, 102, 128, 135, 137, 161 Johnstone, Charles, 73 _Jolly Beggars, The_, 86 Jonson, Ben, 50, 51, 56, 118 _Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides_, 161 _Journal, Scott's_, 12, 38, 51, 56, 84, 100, 117, 122, 129, 161, 164 (see the footnotes for the many references not here indexed) _Judicial Reform_, Essay on, 141, 165

Keats, John, 11, 100 _Keepsake, The_, 167 _Kelly's Reminiscences_, Scott's review of, 46, 47, 58, 164 Kemble, Scott's review of the Life of, 46, 47, 58, 164 Kemble, J.M., 43 _Kenilworth_, 10, 51, 98, 155 _Kinmont Willie_, 24, 26, 31, 148 Kirk, Robert, 45, 153 _Kirkton's History, etc._, Scott's review of, 163 _Knickerbocker's History of New York_, 103 _Knickerbocker Magazine, The_, 102, 172, 178 Knight, Prof. William, see _Memorials of Coleorton_, and _Wordsworth_ _Knight's Tale, The_, 44 _Knighton, Sir William, Memoirs of_, 12, 171 Kölbing, E., 35, 36 _Kuzzilbash, The_, Scott's review of, 164

_Lady of the Lake, The_, 46, 97, 113, 118, 119, 151 _Lady Suffolk's Correspondence_, Scott's review of, 142, 164 _Laird's Jock, The_, 167 Laing, Malcolm, 40, 176 Lamb, Charles, 20, 51, 99, 100, 135 _Landor_, Forster's _Life of_, 85, 91, 98-9, 175 _Landscape Gardening_, see _Planter's Guide_ Lane-Poole, Stanley, 67, 177 Lang, Andrew, _Border Edition of the Waverley Novels_, 51, 89, 108, 158, 176 _Life of Lockhart_, 52, 84, 99, 100, 158, 168 _Life of Scott_, 87, 100, 126, 127, 176 _Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns, and Fairies_, 153 Langhorne, John, 98 _Lay of the Last Minstrel, The_, 4, 18, 31, 87, 110, 148 _Lays of the Lindsays_, 157 Lee, Sidney, 150 Lee, William, 77 Legaré, H.S., 94, 176 _Legend of Montrose, A_, 51, 155 Lennox, Charlotte, 151 _Lenore_, 31, 147 Le Sage, 73, 74 _Letter from Dr. Tripe to Nestor Ironside_, 67 _Letters of Malachi Malagrowther on the Currency_, 59, 69, 116, 140, 157 _Letters of Sir Walter Scott_, 168-173, see also _Familiar Letters_, Hutchinson, Polwhele, and Stuart, Lady Louisa _Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft_, 45, 104, 160, 178 _Letters to Richard Heber, etc._, 10, 15-16, 49, 65, 85, 88, 97, 114, 129, 131, 132, 174 _Letting of Humour's Blood in the Head Vaine, The_, 153 _Levett, Robert, Verses on the Death of_, 80 Lewis, Matthew, 30, 97-8, 147 Leyden, John, 25, 30, 166 _Liberal Movement in English Literature, The_, 141, 175 _Life of Napoleon Buonaparte, The_, 7, 12, 78, 102, 124-5, 127, 140, 158, 170 _Life on the Mississippi_, 142, 174 _Life of Sir Walter Scott, The_, see Cunningham, Gilfillan, Hudson, Hutton, Lang, Lockhart, Mackenzie, and Saintsbury _Littérature Française au Moyen Age, La_, 38, 177 _Little French Lawyer, The_, 50 _Lives of the Novelists_, 6, 7, 15, 72-9, 128, 131, 156, 178 _Lives of the Poets_, 74 _Living Poets of Great Britain_, Article on, 118, 165 _Livre de Mon Ami, Le_, 127, 175 Lockhart, John Gibson, 6, 22, 25, 27, 29, 52, 83, 84, 85, 98, 99, 112, 117, 158, 160, 168, 169 _Lockhart's Life of Scott_, 1, 11, 12, 13, 96, 98, 101, 102-3, 112, 148, 149, 152, 153, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 178 (see the footnotes for the many references not here indexed) Lodge, Edmund, 132, 172 _London_, 79 _Lord Byron and Some of his Contemporaries_, 99-100, 176 _Lord of the Isles, The_, 120, 153 Lounsbury, Prof. T.R., 14, 102, 176 _Love_, 87 Lyly, John, 61

Macaulay, T.B., 144 _Macduff's Cross_, 156 Mackenzie, Colin, 30 Mackenzie, Henry, 17, 73, 75, 100, see also Home, John Mackenzie, R. Shelton, 1, 52, 123, 139, 171 _Macmillan's Magazine_, 51, 142, 178 McNeill, G.P., 35 Macpherson, James, 40, 41, 176 _Madoc_, 91 _Magnalia_, 104 Maigron, Louis, 105, 176 _Malachi Malagrowther, Letters of_, 59, 69, 116, 140, 157 Malone, Edmund, 60, 61 Malory, 37 _Manfred_, 50, 51 Mark Twain, 142, 174 Marlowe, Christopher, 55 _Marmion_, 5, 6, 31, 90, 93, 97, 110, 113, 115, 145, 148 Marston, John, 50 _Masque of Owls, The_, 51 Massinger, Philip, 56 Masson, David, 3, 145, 176 Mather, Cotton, 104 Matthews, Prof. Brander, 76, 176 Maturin, C.R., 138, 163, 164 _Mediaeval Stage, The_, 21, 174 _Memoirs of a Literary Veteran_, 14, 171 _Memoirs of Captain Carleton_, 68, 144, 148-9, 178 _Memoirs of Captain Hodgson_, 148, 149 _Memoirs of Robert Carey_, 149, 151 _Memoirs of the Court of Charles II._, 5, 152 _Memoirs of the Insurrection in 1715_, 159 _Memoirs of the Duke of Sully_, 151 _Memoirs of the Marchioness de la Rochejaquelin_, 159 _Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I._, 5, 152 _Memorials of Coleorton_, 169 _Memorials of George Bannatyne_, 44, 160 _Memorials of His Time_, Cockburn's, 15, 175 _Memorials of James Hogg_, 171 _Memorials of the Haliburtons_, 155 _Memorie of the Somervilles_, 154 _Merry Devil of Edmonton, The_, 50 Meteyard, Eliza, 87, 176 _Mezeray's History of France_, 80 Mickle, W.J., 98 Middleton, Thomas, 50, 56 _Mid-Eighteenth Century, The_, 74, 176 Millar, J.H., 74, 176 _Military Bridges_, Scott's review of, 163 _Military Memoirs of the Great Civil War_, 5, 157 Milton, 40, 62, 65, 88, 91, 92, 95, 104, 143 Minot, Laurence, 43 _Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border_, 3, 4, 7, 17-32, 33, 36, 45, 80, 147-8, 160, 178 _Mirror for Magistrates, The_, 55 _Miscellaneous Prose Works_, Scott's, 7, 26, 73, 149, 151, 154, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167 _Miseries of Human Life_, Scott's review of, 162 _Modern British Drama, The_, 52, 152 _Modern Painters_, 10, 129, 177 Molière, 53, 57, 58, 133, 164 _Monastery, The_, 88, 105, 116, 155 _Monk, The_, 98 Moore, Thomas, 96, 97, 166, 176 _Murray, John, Memoir and Correspondence of_, 83, 84, 93, 105, 141, 142, 163, 168, 169 _My Aunt Margaret's Mirror_, 131, 167 Myers, F.W.H., 130, 176 _Mysterious Mother, The_, 50

_Napoleon_, Scott's _Life of_, 7, 12, 78, 102, 124-5, 127, 140, 158, 170 Nash, Thomas, 59 Naunton, Sir Robert, 149 _Neidpath Castle_, Wordsworth's sonnet on, 87 _New History of the English Stage_, 49, 175 Newman, J.H., 142, 176 _New Practice of Cookery, The_, Scott's review of, 162 _New Test of the Church of England's Loyalty, A_, 71 Nichol, John, 95, 176 Nichols, John, 65 _Nineteenth Century, The_, 77, 172, 178 _Norman Conquest of England, The_, 126, 127, 175 _Northern Antiquities_, 42, 152 _Northern Memoirs_, 155 _Notices concerning the Scottish Gypsies_, 167 _Novelists' Library, The_, 6, 7, 72-79, 156

_Ode on Scottish Music_, 30 _Oedipe_, 53 _Old Mortality_, 36, 62, 77, 89, 109, 128, 154 Oliphant, Mrs., 169 _Omen, The_, Scott's review of, 164 _Opus Magnum, The_, 7, 108, 160 _Original Memoirs Written during the Great Civil War_, 4, 148 Ossian, 40-41, 162, 176 Otway, Thomas, 50, 57, 58

_Paradise Lost_, 95 _Palamon and Arcite_, 64 Palgrave, Francis, 13, 40, 177 _Papers relative to the Regalia of Scotland_, 160 Paris, Gaston, 38, 177 Parnell, Col., the Hon. Arthur, 68, 144, 148, 178 Parnell, Thomas, 80 _Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk_, 6, 88, 125, 140, 154 Peele, George, 55 _Penni Worth of Wit, A_, 148 Pepys, Samuel, 65, 142, 164 Percy, Thomas, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 32, 34, 37, 38, 177 _Periodical Criticism_, Article on, 165 Petrarch, 33 _Peveril of the Peak_, 44, 105, 157 Pierce, E.L., 177 _Pilot, The_, 101 _Pioneers, The_, 14 _Pinner of Wakefield, The_, 59 _Pirate, The_, 3, 117, 125-6, 155 _Pitcairn's Ancient Criminal Trials_, Scott's review of, 46, 143, 165 _Planter's Guide, The_, Scott's review of, 164 _Planting Waste Lands_, Scott's review of, 164 _Plays on the Passions_, 50 Poe, Edgar Allan, 109, 110 _Poems, with Prefaces by the Author_, 160 Polwhele, R., Letters of Scott to, 132, 148, 170 _Poor Richard's Almanac_, 104 Pope, Alexander, 79, 81, 93, 97, 106, 113 _Popular Poetry, Remarks on_, 19, 22, 30, 34, 160 _Portraits of Illustrious Personages_, 132, 172 _Prairie, The_, 101 Prior, Matthew, 80 _Proceedings in the Court-martial, etc._, 159 _Provincial Antiquities_, 6, 56, 59, 155 Pulci, 33

_Quarterly Review_, 2, 5-6, 20, 22, 26, 45, 46, 55, 73, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 94, 96, 99, 100, 109, 112, 113, 114, 124, 129, 140, 143, 163, 164, 165, 168, 178 _Queenhoo Hall_, 5, 128, 149 _Quentin Durward_, 88, 104, 122, 127, 157

Radcliffe, Mrs. Anne, 73, 75, 76, 131 _Rambler, The_, 80, 156 Ramsay, Allan, 28, 86 _Recollections of Sir Walter Scott_, R.P. Gillies', 106, 130, 143, 146, 175 _Redgauntlet_, 3, 89, 157 _Red Rover, The_, 101 Reeve, Clara, 73, 76, 78 _Religio Laici_, 64 _Religious Discourses by a Layman_, 159 _Reliquiae Trottosienses_, 161 _Reliques of Burns_, Scott's review of, 22, 86, 163 _Remarks on Gen. Gourgaud's Narrative_, 164 _Remarks on Popular Poetry_, 19, 22, 30, 34, 160 _Remarks on the Death of Lord Byron_, 93, 95 _Reminiscences of Sir Walter Scott_, John Gibson's, 170 _Revolutions of Naples_, Article on, 164 Richardson, Samuel, 73, 74-5, 77, 78 Ritson, Joseph, 19, 20, 21, 23, 32, 34, 37, 38, 39, 45, 162, 164 Robert of Brunne, 34 Robertson, William, 15 Robinson, Crabbe, 87 _Rob Roy_, 3, 76, 154 Rogers, Samuel, 151 _Rokeby_, 108, 111, 115, 116, 152 _Romance_, Essay on, 34, 37, 38-9, 42, 46, 146, 154 _Roman Historique à l'Époque Romantique, Le_, 105, 176 Roscommon, Earl of, 136 Rose, W.S., 37, 92, 162 Rowlands, Samuel, 153 Rowley, 43, 50 Ruskin, John, 10, 129, 172, 177

Sackville, Thomas, 54-5 _Sadler, Sir Ralph, State Papers and Letters of_, 149 _Saint Ronan's Well_, 51, 64, 88, 100, 108, 157 Saintsbury, Prof. George, 2, 51, 53, 57, 60, 61, 63, 142, 146, 177, 178 _Sale-Room, The_, 166, 167 _Salmonia_, Scott's review of, 164 Schlegel, 53 _School of Abuse, The_, 71 Scott, Temple, 67, 177 Scudéri, 53, 76 _Secret Commonwealth, The_, 45, 153 _Secret History of One Year, The_, 71 _Secret History of the Court of James I._, 5, 55, 152 Severn, Joseph, 100 Seward, Anne, 30, 85, 89, 91, 151 Shadwell, Thomas, 51, 57 Shakspere, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55-6, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 86, 95, 97, 157-8 Sharpe, C.K., 27, 28, 30, 31, 66, 81, 97, 114, 118, 148, 163, 169 Shelley, Mrs. Mary, 78, 163 Shelley, P.B., 11, 89, 91, 106, 175 Sheridan, Thomas, 65 Shirley, James, 50, 56 _Short Account of Successful Exertions, etc._, 173 _Sibbald's Chronicle_, Scott's review of, 46, 162 _Sir Eustace Grey_, 97 _Sir John Oldcastle_, 59 _Sir Tristrem_, 4, 34-6, 39, 42, 43, 56, 148, 178 _Sketch Book, The_, 104 _Sketch of Lord Kinneder_, 157 _Slingsby, Sir H., Life of_, 148 Smith, Adam, 15 Smith, Charlotte, 73 Smollett, Tobias, 73, 74, 156 _Somers Tracts, The_, 4, 6, 60, 63, 70-72, 126, 150 Somerville, Lord, 154 Southerne, Thomas, 50 Southey, Robert, 4, 20, 37, 46, 49, 82, 87, 89, 90, 91-2, 93, 96, 98, 99, 106, 110, 111, 118, 124, 143, 151, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 177 _Spae-Wife, The_, 129 _Specimens of Early English Romances_, Scott's review of, 125, 162 _Specimens of English Dramatic Poets_, 20, 51, 99 _Specimens of the Early English Poets_, Scott's review of, 43, 44, 162 Spenser, 33, 62, 64 Staël, Mme. de, 140 Stanhope, Philip, Earl, 144 Steele, Sir Richard, 67, 120 Stephen, Sir Leslie, 65, 68, 97, 177 Sterne, Laurence, 73, 75, 103, 156 _Story of Rimini, The_, 99 Strutt, Joseph, 5, 126, 149 _Stuart, Lady Louisa, Letters of_, 10, 83, 127, 128, 169 _Studies in the Evolution of English Criticism_, 137, 177 Suckling, Sir John, 51, 59 _Sumner, Charles, Memoirs and Letters of_, 102, 177 _Supernatural in Fictitious Composition, The_, 164 _Surgeon's Daughter, The_, 159 Surtees, Robert, 20, 27, 30, 161 Swift, Deane, 65 Swift, Jonathan, 65-70, 103, 148-9, 177 _Swift's Works_, edited by Scott, 6, 7, 65-70, 73, 79, 126, 139, 153, 178

Taine, H.A., 125, 177 _Tales of a Grandfather_, 7, 123, 127, 141, 159, 160 _Tales of My Landlord_, 77, 109, 111-12, 128, 132, 154, 155, 161, 163, 167 _Tales of the Crusaders_, 98, 124, 157 _Talisman, The_, 157 _Tapestried Chamber, The_, 85, 167 Taylor, William, 31, 170 _Tender Husband, The_, 120 Terry, Daniel, 46, 49 Thackeray, W.M., 80, 123 _Thalaba_, 91, 135 Thomas the Rhymer, 29, 30, 34-6, 148 Thorkelin, 42 _Thornton's Sporting Tour_, Scott's review of, 162 _Three Studies in Literature_, 134, 135, 175 Ticknor, George, 15, 56, 103, 144, 153, 177 Tieck, 10 Tierry, 127 _Todd's Spenser_, Scott's review of, 61, 62, 84 _Tom Jones_, 75 _Traditions and Recollections, etc._, 170 Tressan, 33, 34 _Trial of Duncan Terig, The_, 161, _Tristram Shandy_, 75, 156 _Trivial Poems and Triolets_, 155 _Troilus and Criseyde_, 45 _True-born Englishman, The_, 71 _Trustworthiness of Border Ballads, The_, 25, 178 Turner, Sharon, 42, 126 _Two Bannatyne Garlands_, 161 _Two Drovers, The_, 159 _Tytler's History of Scotland_, Scott's review of, 45, 124, 164

_Varied Types_, 11, 174 _Vanity of Human Wishes, The_, 79 _Venis and Adonis_, 58 _Vicar of Wakefield, The_, 75 _Virgin Queen, The_, 51 _Visionary, The_, 155 _Vision of Don Roderick, The_, 152, 165 Voltaire, 78, 105

Waldron, Francis, 51 _Wallenstein_, 51, 88 Waller, Edmund, 64 Walpole, Horace, 71, 72, 73, 76, 150, 163 Walpole, Robert, 71 Walton, Isaac, 64-5 _War Song of the Royal Edinburgh Light Dragoons_, 30 Warton, Joseph, 60 Warton, Thomas, 19, 21, 34, 35 Warter, J.W., 124, 177 Warwick, Sir Philip, 152 _Waverley_, 3, 6, 36, 85, 100, 120, 122, 123, 125, 149, 153, 163 Weber, Henry, 42, 52, 152 Webster, John, 50, 55, 56 White, Hon. Andrew, D., 127, 177 _William and Helen_, 147 Wilson, John, 50, 83 _Women_, Scott's review of, 164 _Women Pleased_, 50 _Woodstock_, 44, 51, 141, 157, 170 Wordsworth, William, 85, 87, 89-91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 106, 130, 143, 169, 172, 176 Wylie, L.J., 137, 177

_Yarrow Revisited_, 90

[Footnote 1: Mr. Hutton's _Life of Scott_, in the English Men of Letters series, contains no chapter nor any extended passage on Scott's critical and scholarly work, though there is a chapter on "Scott's Morality and Religion," and one on "Scott as a Politician." This, like the other short biographies of Scott, is professedly a compilation, so far as its facts are concerned, from Lockhart's book. The Lives of Scott by Gilfillan and by Mackenzie, published about the time of the Scott centenary in 1871, are longer than Hutton's, but contain no more extended references to the critical writings. Mackenzie's book out of nearly five hundred pages gives only one to a discussion of the edition of Dryden, and half a page to an account of the establishment of the _Quarterly Review_. Gilfillan characterizes the critical work in almost as short a space, but with a good deal of judgment. The German biography of Scott contemporary with these, by Dr. Felix Eberty, is concerned with the man rather than his works. Of later Lives of Scott, Prof. Saintsbury's gives, in proportion to its length, more space than any other to Scott's critical work, but the book has only a hundred and fifty-five pages in all. Another recent biographer, Mr. W.H. Hudson, says of Scott's editorial and critical work, "these exertions, though they call for passing record, occupy a minor place in his story"; and he gives them only "passing record." Mr. Andrew Lang's still more recent and briefer _Sir Walter Scott_ devotes only a few lines here and there to comment on Scott as a critic, and contains hardly even a reference to the little-known volumes that he edited.]

[Footnote 2: Ten of Scott's twenty-seven novels (counting the first series of _Chronicles of the Canongate_ as one) have scenes laid in the eighteenth century. They are as follows, arranged approximately in the order of their periods: _The Bride of Lammermoor_, _The Pirate_, _The Black Dwarf_, _Rob Roy_, _The Heart of Midlothian_, _Waverley_, _Guy Mannering_, _Redgauntlet_, _Chronicles of the Canongate (First series)_, _The Antiquary_. The long poems all found their setting in earlier periods.]

[Footnote 3: _British Novelists and their Styles_, pp. 167-8.]

[Footnote 4: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 9.]

[Footnote 5: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 194.]

[Footnote 6: See particularly _Paul's Letters; Provincial Antiquities_; and the Histories of the years 1814 and 1815, each a respectable volume, written for the _Edinburgh Annual Register_.]

[Footnote 7: Ruskin's remark that "The excellence of Scott's work is precisely in proportion to the degree in which it is sketched from present nature," should not necessarily lead on to the condemnation which follows: "He does not see how anything is to be got out of the past but confusion, old iron on drawing-room chairs, and serious inconvenience to Dr. Heavysterne." (_Modern Painters_, Part IV, ch. 16, § 32.)]

[Footnote 8: _Letters to Richard Heber_, etc. (by J.L. Adolphus), pp. 136-137.]

[Footnote 9: Mr. Herford distinguishes two lines of romantic sentiment--"the one pursuing the image of the past as a refuge from reality, the other as a portion of it: the mediaevalism of Tieck and the mediaevalism of Scott." _The Age of Wordsworth_, Introduction, p. xxiv, note.]

[Footnote 10: _Letters of Lady Louisa Stuart_, p. 249.]

[Footnote 11: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 333; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 81. The edition of Lockhart's _Life of Scott_ to which reference is made throughout this study is that in five volumes, published by Macmillan & Co. in the "Library of English Classics."]

[Footnote 12: Chesterton, _Varied Types_, pp. 161-2.]

[Footnote 13: The fact that Scott was a Clerk of the Court of Sessions is remembered less frequently than the fact that he had business complications. But this employment of his, which could be undertaken only by a lawyer, occupied a large proportion of his time during twenty-four years. He once wrote, "I cannot work well after I have had four or five hours of the court, for though the business is trifling, yet it requires constant attention, which is at length exhausting." (_Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 195.) Again he wrote, "I saw it reported that Joseph Hume said I composed novels at the clerk's table; but Joseph Hume said what neither was nor could be correct, as any one who either knew what belonged to composing novels, or acting as clerk to a court of justice, would easily have discovered." (_Memoirs of Sir William Knighton_, p. 252.)]

[Footnote 14: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 60; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 390.]

[Footnote 15: See the Memoir prefixed to the Globe Edition of Scott's poems.]

[Footnote 16: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 217.]

[Footnote 17: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 447.]

[Footnote 18: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 122.]

[Footnote 19: Cooper measured his own success by the same test. At the conclusion of the Letter to the Publisher with which _The Pioneers_ originally opened he said he should look to his publisher for "the only true account of the reception of his book." (Lounsbury's _Life of Cooper_, pp. 43-4.)]

[Footnote 20: _Napoleon_, Vol. I, ch. 2.]

[Footnote 21: "He fixed his attention on his employments without the slightest consideration for his own feelings of whatever kind, either in regard to state of health or domestic sorrows." (_Memoirs of a Literary Veteran_, by R.P. Gillies, Vol. III, p. 141.)]

[Footnote 22: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 365.]

[Footnote 23: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 112.]

[Footnote 24: _Journal_, Vol. 1, p. 303; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 68.]

[Footnote 25: _Letters to Heber_, p. 69.]

[Footnote 26: Irving's _Abbotsford_.]

[Footnote 27: _Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor_, Vol. I, p. 282. See also Scott's review of the _Life of Home_; and _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 304.]

[Footnote 28: _Cockburn's Memorials_, p. 181.]

[Footnote 29: _Ticknor_, Vol. I, p. 280.]

[Footnote 30: _Letters to Heber_, p. 63; _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 496.]

[Footnote 31: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 177.]

[Footnote 32: Review of _Poems of William Herbert_, _Edinburgh Review_, October, 1806.]

[Footnote 33: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, pp. 275-6.]

[Footnote 34: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 333.]

[Footnote 35: In 1830.]

[Footnote 36: Ritson's principal works were as follows: _Select Collection of English Songs_ (1783); _Pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry from Authentic Manuscripts and Old Printed Copies_ (1791); _Ancient Songs from the Time of Henry III. to the Revolution_ (1792); _Scottish Songs with the Genuine Music_ (1794); _Poems by Laurence Minot_ (1795); _Robin Hood Poems_ (1795); _Ancient English Metrical Romances_ (1802).]

[Footnote 37: Ellis published his _Specimens of the Early English Poets_ in 1790, and it was reissued with the addition of the Introduction in 1801 and 1803. He edited also Way's translations of the Fabliaux (1796), and _Specimens of Early English Romances in Metre_ (1805).]

[Footnote 38: Review of Dunlop's _History of Fiction_, July, 1815.]

[Footnote 39: The _Magnum Opus_ of Robert Surtees was his _History of Durham_, published 1816-1840.]

[Footnote 40: Douce published _Illustrations of Shakespeare_ in 1807. Later he edited _Arnold's Chronicle; Judicium, a Pageant_; and a metrical _Life of St. Robert_. The two latter, which appeared in 1822 and 1824, were done for the Roxburghe Club. In 1824 he also wrote some notes for Warton's _History of English Poetry_.]

[Footnote 41: _Age of Wordsworth_, p. 39.]

[Footnote 42: A number of volumes containing old ballads together with modern imitations had been published both before and after the appearance of Percy's _Reliques_, but Ritson's collections were the first, except Percy's, to treat the material in a scholarly way.]

[Footnote 43: The discussion centered upon the social and literary position of minstrels. The first edition of the _Reliques of Ancient English Poetry_, published in 1765, contained an essay on the History of Minstrelsy, and one on the Origin of the Metrical Romances, which, taken together, says Mr. Courthope, "may be said to furnish the first generalized theory of the nature of mediaeval poetry." (_History of English Poetry_, Vol. I, p. 426.) Percy considered the minstrels as the authors of the compositions which they sang to the harp, and as holding a dignified social position similar to that of the Anglo-Saxon scôp or the old Norse scald. This theory was vigorously attacked by Joseph Ritson in the preface of his _Select Collection of English Songs_ in 1783, and again in his _Ancient English Metrical Romances_ in 1802, and in his essay On the Ancient English Minstrels in Ancient Songs and Ballads (1792). Ritson contended that minstrels were musical performers of a low class, or even acrobats, and that they were not literary composers. Scott used his knowledge of ballads and romances and the customs depicted in them to reinforce his own decision that the truth lay somewhere between the two extremes. He pointed out that the word may have covered a wide variety of professional entertainers. A modern comment (by E.K. Chambers, in _The Mediaeval Stage_, Vol. I, p. 66) seems like an echo of Scott: "This general antithesis between the higher and lower minstrelsy may now, perhaps, be regarded as established. It was the neglect of it, surely, that led to that curious and barren logomachy between Percy and Ritson, in which neither of the disputants can be said to have had hold of more than a bare half of the truth."]

[Footnote 44: Scott's theory as to the authorship of ballads is even now held by Mr. Courthope. At the end of his chapter on Minstrelsy, in _The History of English Poetry_, he thus sums up the matter: "All the evidence cited in this chapter shows that, so far from the ballad being a spontaneous product of popular imagination, it was a type of poem adapted by the professors of the declining art of minstrelsy, from the romances once in favour with the educated classes. Everything in the ballad--matter, form, composition--is the work of the minstrel; all that the people do is to remember and repeat what the minstrel has put together." This statement represents a position which is actively assailed by the adherents of the communal origin theory. Another critical idea which originated in Germany, and in which Scott had no interest, though he knew something about it, was the Wolffian hypothesis in regard to the Homeric poems. He once heard Coleridge expound the subject, but failed to join in the discussion. (_Journal_, Vol. II, p. 164; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 193.) He said the theory could never be held by any _poet_. See a note by Lockhart on the essay on _Popular Poetry_. Henderson's edition of _Minstrelsy_, Vol. I, p. 3.]

[Footnote 45: Review of Cromek's _Reliques of Burns_. _Quarterly Review_, February, 1809.]

[Footnote 46: "No one but Burns ever succeeded in patching up old Scottish songs with any good effect," Scott wrote in his _Journal_ (Vol. II, p. 25). And in his review of Cromek's _Reliques of Burns_ he said on the same subject of Scottish songs: "Few, whether serious or humorous, past through his hands without receiving some of those magic touches which, without greatly altering the song, restored its original spirit, or gave it more than it had ever possessed." (_Quarterly_, February, 1809.)]

[Footnote 47: _Remarks on Popular Poetry_, Henderson's edition of _Minstrelsy_, Vol. I, p. 46.]

[Footnote 48: Henderson's edition of _Minstrelsy_, Vol. I, p. xix.]

[Footnote 49: Henderson's edition of _Minstrelsy_, Vol. I, pp. 167-8.]

[Footnote 50: The matter may be traced in Child's collection of ballads, or more easily in the latest edition of the _Minstrelsy_, edited by T.F. Henderson and published in four volumes in 1902. Mr. Henderson's views of ballad origins are quite in accord with Scott's own, but he notes the points at which Scott failed to follow any originals. There seems to be some reason to believe, however, though Mr. Henderson does not say so, that Scott wrote _Kinmont Willie_ without any originals at all, except the very similar situations in three or four other ballads. See the introduction by Professor Kittredge to the abridged edition of Child's ballads, edited by himself and Helen Child Sargent.

It is unnecessary to give here any detailed account of Scott's procedure, as the matter has been thoroughly worked out by students of ballads. A few examples may be given as illustrations, however. In _The Dowie Dens of Yarrow_ (Henderson's edition, Vol. III, p. 173) 28 lines out of the 68 are noted by Mr. Henderson as either changed or added by Scott. Scott writes (beginning of fifth stanza), "As he gaed up the Tennies bank" for "As he gaed up yon high, high hill," and we find from a note of Lockhart's that _The Tennies_ is the name of a farm belonging to the Duke of Buccleuch. In the sixth stanza Scott changes the lines,

"O ir ye come to drink the wine As we hae done before, O?" to "O come ye here to part your land, The bonnie forest thorough?"

In the seventeenth stanza he changes,

"A better rose will never spring Than him I've lost on Yarrow?" to "A fairer rose did never bloom Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow."

In _Jellon Grame_ (Vol. III, p. 203), Mr. Henderson notes changes in 15 different lines, and points out 2 whole stanzas, out of the 21, that are interpolated. In the _Gay Goss-hawk_ (Vol. III, p. 187) 6 stanzas out of 39 are noted as probably wholly or mainly by Scott, and 30 stanzas were changed by him. Sometimes his alterations occurred in every line of a stanza. It is probable that Scott changed _Jamie Telfer_ enough to make the Scotts take the place of prominence that had been held by the Elliotts in the original form of the story. See _The Trustworthiness of Border Ballads as Exemplified by 'Jamie Telfer i' the Fair Dodhead' and other Ballads_; by Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Fitzwilliam Elliott. Reviewed in _Edinburgh Review_, No. 418, p. 306 (October, 1906).]

[Footnote 51: See the examples given in the preceding note. Most of the changes there spoken of were made without annotation.]

[Footnote 52: This extraordinary young man was poet and scholar on his own account by 1800, though he was four years younger than Scott. His erudition in many fields was remarkable, and he was as enthusiastic as Scott himself about Scotch poetry, and was the chief assistant in gathering ballads for the _Minstrelsy_. He also collected the material for the essay on Fairies in the second volume, which was especially praised by the reviewer in the _Edinburgh Review_ (January, 1803). Leyden's chief fame was derived from his wonderfully varied activities in India, from 1803 to his early death in 1811. Any reader of Lockhart's _Life of Scott_ or of Scott's delightful little memoir, published first in the _Edinburgh Annual Register_ for 1811, and included in the _Miscellaneous Prose Works_, must feel that the uncouth young genius is a familiar acquaintance.]

[Footnote 53: The Ettrick Shepherd, who, after reading the first two volumes of the _Minstrelsy_, sought an acquaintance with Scott, and offered assistance which was gladly made use of in the preparation of the third volume. Scott in his turn provided much of the material for Hogg's _Jacobite Relics_, published in 1819. The following note on one of the songs in that work adds to the reader's doubts concerning the accuracy of Scott's texts: "I have not altered a word from the manuscript, which is in the handwriting of an amanuensis of Mr. Scott's, the most incorrect transcriber, perhaps, that ever tried the business." (_Jacobite Relics_, Vol. I, p. 282. Note on song lxiii.)]

[Footnote 54: Henderson's edition of the _Minstrelsy_, Vol. I, p. 284.]

[Footnote 55: _Quarterly_, May, 1810.]

[Footnote 56: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 514.]

[Footnote 57: Still more striking evidence that Scott lacked an infallible sense of the difference between genuine and spurious ballad material is afforded by his comments on Peter Buchan's collection, which is now considered particularly untrustworthy. He thought that with two or three exceptions the pieces in the book were genuine, and said: "I scarce know anything so easily discovered as the piecing and patching of an old ballad; the darns in a silk stocking are not more manifest." (_Correspondence of C.K. Sharpe_, Vol. II, p. 424.)]

[Footnote 58: Scott's manuscript collections of ballads dropped partially out of sight after his death, and it was only about 1890 that their magnitude and importance became known. Professor Child and later editors have found them of very great service. (On Child's use of the Abbotsford materials, see the Advertisement to Part VIII of his collection, contained in Volume IV.) In 1880 appeared a reprint of the _Ballad Book_ of C.K. Sharpe, "with notes and ballads from the unpublished manuscripts of C.K. Sharpe and Sir Walter Scott," but the contributions from Scott's papers did not amount to much. Scott's materials were at the service of his friend for use in the original edition of the _Ballad Book_, published in 1823. See _Sharpe's Correspondence_, Vol. II, pp. 264, 271 and 325, for letters from Scott on this subject.]

[Footnote 59: Note on _The Raid of the Reidswire_, in the _Minstrelsy_.]

[Footnote 60: Henderson's edition of the _Minstrelsy_, Vol. III, p. 232.]

[Footnote 61: Henderson's edition of the _Minstrelsy_, Vol. II, p. 57.]

[Footnote 62: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 360.]

[Footnote 63: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 332.]

[Footnote 64: First edition of the _Minstrelsy_, Vol. II, pp. 156-7.]

[Footnote 65: _Edinburgh Review_, January, 1803.]

[Footnote 66: The _Minstrelsy_ is arranged in three parts: I., Historical Ballads; II., Romantic Ballads; III., Imitations of the Ballad. The first part is preceded by the Introductory Remarks on Popular Poetry, and by the historical introduction. The second part is preceded by the essay on The Fairies of Popular Superstition; and the third by the essay on Imitations of the Ancient Ballad. The poems by Scott given in this third part are as follows: _Thomas the Rhymer_ (parts 2 and 3), _Glenfinlas_, _The Eve of St. John_, _Cadyow Castle_, _The Gray Brother_, _War Song of the Royal Edinburgh Light Dragoons_. Besides these there are three poems by John Leyden (and he has also an _Ode on Scottish Music_ preceding the Romantic ballads), two by C.K. Sharpe, three by John Marriott, who was tutor to the children of the Duke of Buccleuch, and one each by Matthew Lewis, Anna Seward, Dr. Jamieson, Colin Mackenzie, J.B.S. Morritt, and an unnamed author. In the other parts of the book there are a few imitations, notably the three by Surtees--_Lord Ewine_, the _Death of Featherstonhaugh_, and _Barthram's Dirge_, which Scott supposed were old; and one or two like the _Flowers of the Forest_, which he noted as largely modern, or which he had found, after arranging his material, to be wholly modern. Nearly forty old ballads were published in the _Minstrelsy_ for the first time.]

[Footnote 67: _Remarks on Popular Poetry_, conclusion.]

[Footnote 68: Review of the Poems of William Herbert. _Edinburgh Review_, October, 1806.]

[Footnote 69: Stanzas 10-12, and 31, are noted by Child as particularly suspicious. "Basnet," which occurs in stanza 10, is not a very common word in ballads. It is used in _The Lay_, Canto I., stanza 25, and in _Marmion_, Canto VI, st. 21.]

[Footnote 70: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 221.]

[Footnote 71: _Memoir of William Taylor_, Vol. I, pp. 98-99, and see _Sharpe's Correspondence_, Vol. I, pp. 146-7, for a letter to Sharpe on a similar point.]

[Footnote 72: _Minstrelsy_, Introduction to _Lord Thomas and Fair Annie_.]

[Footnote 73: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 101.]

[Footnote 74: _Ibid._, Vol. I, pp. 35-6.]

[Footnote 75: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 244. See also _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 408.]

[Footnote 76: Sometime before 1821 (probably a good while before, but the date cannot be fixed), Scott began a translation of _Don Quixote_, and afterwards gave the work over to Lockhart, who completed it. See _Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 161.]

[Footnote 77: Louis-Elizabeth de la Vergne, Comte de Tressan, was born in 1705 and died in 1783. In early life he was sent to Rome on diplomatic business, and it is said that in the Vatican library he acquired his taste for the literature of chivalry. His chief works were _Amadis de Gaules_ (1779); _Roland furieux_ (translated from the Italian, 1780); _Corps d'extraits romans de chevalerie_ (1782). His translations were partly adaptations, and were far from being rendered with precision.]

[Footnote 78: See particularly his article on Ellis's and Ritson's _Metrical Romances_ (_Edinburgh Review_, January, 1806), the essay on _Romance_, and _Remarks on Popular Poetry_ in the _Minstrelsy_.]

[Footnote 79: _Edinburgh Review_, July, 1804. Ellis and Scott had had much correspondence on _Sir Tristrem_, and it was Ellis's queries that first led Scott into the detailed investigation which resulted in the separate publication of the work. He had intended to print it in the _Minstrelsy_ (_Lockhart_, Vol. I. p. 289). The letters are given in _Lockhart_, Vol. I.]

[Footnote 80: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 381.]

[Footnote 81: _Die nordische und die englische Version der Tristan-sage_--II. _Sir Tristrem_. Heilbronn, 1882. Mr. George P. McNeill's edition of _Sir Tristrem_ was printed for the Scottish Text Society, Edinburgh, 1886.]

[Footnote 82: Kölbing thinks Scott probably hired a transcriber who knew nothing of Middle English--a usual method of procedure in the beginning of the nineteenth century. In later editions more errors were introduced by the carelessness of printers, until, after 1830, when the book was included in the complete editions of Scott's poems, the text was collated with the manuscript. But it was still far from correct. Kölbing enumerates about a hundred and thirty mistakes (see his Introduction, p. xvii). Of these I took twenty-one at random, and found that eight of them did not occur in the 1806 edition--in other words, the person who collated the text nearly thirty years after Scott or his hired transcriber had done it was far from infallible. A few illustrations may be given of mistakes that occur in both the 1806 and the 1833 editions: l. 117, _send_ is given for _sent_; l. 846, _telle_ for _tel_; l. 863, _How_ for _Hou_; l. 912, _mak_ for _make_; l. 1212, _leuedi_ for _leuedy_; l. 1580, _wende sche weren_ for _whende sche were_; l. 1334. _have_ for _han_; l. 1514, _as_ for _als_.]

[Footnote 83: Review of Johnes's Translation of Froissart, _Edinburgh Review_, January, 1805.]

[Footnote 84: Waverley, and Claverhouse in _Old Mortality_.]

[Footnote 85: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, pp. 480 and 482. _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 147.]

[Footnote 86: _Essay on Romance_.]

[Footnote 87: See Gaston Paris, _La Littérature Française au Moyen Age_, 1ère partie, ch. IV.]

[Footnote 88: Review of _Metrical Romances_, _Edinburgh Review_, January, 1806.]

[Footnote 89: _Journal_, Vol. II, pp. 258-259.]

[Footnote 90: _Essay on Romance_.]

[Footnote 91: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 46.]

[Footnote 92: Memoir in the Globe edition of Scott's poems.]

[Footnote 93: Scott adopted the conclusions of Malcolm Laing, who edited Macpherson's poems and adduced parallel passages from "a mass of poetry, enough to serve any six gentle readers for their lifetime," as the reviewer says. The most of these parallels were found in "Homer, Virgil, and their two translators; Milton, Thomson, Young, Gray, Mason, Home, and the English Bible." Although he was convinced by the argument, Scott saw that the editor was in some cases misled by his own ingenuity.]

[Footnote 94: Later, however (in the essay on Imitations of the Ancient Ballad, 1830), he said: "In their spirit and diction they nearly resemble fragments of poetry extant in Gaelic." By this time he was probably reverting to the earlier opinion which had made the more vivid impression.]

[Footnote 95: For the _Northern Antiquities_, edited by Robert Jamieson and published in 1814, Scott wrote an abstract of the _Eyrbyggja Saga_, using, as one would conclude from his introductory words, the Latin version made by Thorkelin, who published the saga in 1787. The purpose of the publication required the historical and antiquarian rather than the literary point of view, and accordingly we find Scott's notes occupied with historical comment.]

[Footnote 96: In 1804 Weber came to Edinburgh in a deplorable condition of poverty, and was employed and assisted in literary work by Scott during the following nine years. In 1813 he was seized with insanity, and challenged Scott, across the study table, to an immediate duel with pistols. Scott supported Weber during the remaining five years of his life in an insane hospital. He was much liked by the Scott family. Scott rated his learning very highly, and gave him valuable assistance in various literary projects. Weber's chief publications were: _Metrical Romances of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth Centuries_, with Introduction, Notes and Glossary (1810); _Dramatic Works of John Ford_, with Introduction and Explanatory Notes (1811); _Works of Beaumont and Fletcher_, with Introduction and Explanatory Notes (1812): to this Scott's notes were the most valuable contribution; _Illustrations of Northern Antiquities_ (1814), with Jamieson and Scott.]

[Footnote 97: See his essay on _Imitations of the Ancient Ballad_.]

[Footnote 98: _Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, translated by the Vicar of Batheaston_. Conybeare had died two years before the publication of the book.]

[Footnote 99: Review of Ellis's _Specimens_, _Edinburgh Review_, April, 1804.]

[Footnote 100: Bletson and Richard Ganlesse.]

[Footnote 101: But see the dictum quoted by Scott in a somewhat over-emphatic way from Ellis's _Specimens of the Early English Poets_, to the effect that Chaucer's "peculiar ornaments of style, consisting in an affectation of splendour, and especially of latinity," were perhaps his special contribution to the improvement of English poetry. (_Edinburgh Review_, April, 1804.) Scott said of Dunbar, "This darling of the Scottish muses has been justly raised to a level with Chaucer by every judge of poetry to whom his obsolete language has not rendered him unintelligible." (_Memoir of Bannatyne_, p. 14.) After naming the various qualities in which Dunbar was Chaucer's rival, he pronounces the Scottish poet inferior in the use of pathos. The relative position here assigned to the two poets seems to be rather an exaltation of Dunbar than a degradation of Chaucer.]

[Footnote 102: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 408.]

[Footnote 103: _Dryden_, Vol. XI, p. 245.]

[Footnote 104: _Dryden_, Vol. XI, p. 396.]

[Footnote 105: _Ibid._, Vol. VI, p. 243.]

[Footnote 106: _Ibid._, Vol. XI, p. 338.]

[Footnote 107: The discussion of popular superstitions given in the introduction to the _Minstrelsy_ and in the Essay on Fairies, which is prefixed to the ballad of _Young Tamlane_, suggests comparison with the _Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft_ which Scott wrote in the year before he died. He collected a remarkable library in regard to superstition, and thought at various times of making a book on the subject, but the project was pushed aside for other matters until 1831. The _Letters_ which he wrote then are full of pleasant anecdote and judicious comment, and though they lack the vigor of his earlier work they have remained fairly popular. An edition of Kirk's _Secret Commonwealth of Elves and Fairies_, published in 1815, has been attributed to Scott. (See below, the Bibliography of books edited by Scott.) Reviews of his which have not been mentioned in this chapter, but which naturally connect themselves with the subjects here discussed, are the following: _The Culloden Papers_--an account of the Highland clans, largely narrative (_Quarterly_, January, 1816); Ritson's _Annals of the Caledonians, Picts and Scots_--an article of more than forty pages, discussing the early history of Scotland and the historians who have written upon it (_Quarterly_, July, 1829); Tytler's _History of Scotland_--an article similar to that on Ritson's book (_Quarterly_, November, 1829); Pitcairn's _Ancient Criminal Trials_--a long article, which begins with an extended digression on booksellers and collectors and on the Roxburghe and Bannatyne clubs (_Quarterly_, February, 1831); Sibbald's _Chronicle of Scottish Poetry_--merely a series of notes on special points (_Edinburgh Review_, October, 1803); Southey's _Chronicle of the Cid_ (_Quarterly_, February, 1809). For the _Encyclopædia Britannica_ Scott wrote an essay on Chivalry, as well as the one on Romance to which reference has been made.]

[Footnote 108: Review of _Kelly's Reminiscences and the Life of Kemble_, _Quarterly Review_, June, 1826.]

[Footnote 109: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 97.]

[Footnote 110: Terry had been educated as an architect, and his knowledge and taste were of assistance to Scott in connection with the building and furnishing of Abbotsford. After 1812 he played chiefly in London. In 1816 his version of _Guy Mannering_, the first of his adaptations from Scott, was presented. Before this he had taken the part of Roderick Dhu in two dramatic versions of _The Lady of the Lake_. In 1819 he was the first David Deans in his adaptation of _The Heart of Midlothian_. Six years later he became manager of the Adelphi theater, in association with F.H. Yates. At this time Scott became Terry's security for £1280, a sum which he was afterward obliged to pay with the addition of £500 for which the credit of James Ballantyne was pledged. When financial embarrassment caused Terry to retire from the management his mental and physical powers gave way, and he died of paralysis in 1829. Terry admired Scott so much that he learned to imitate his facial expression, his speech and his handwriting.]

[Footnote 111: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 94.]

[Footnote 112: The phrase, which was a favorite one of Scott's, is spoken not by Tony Lumpkin, but by one of his tavern companions. Scott's use of it is an indication of the way in which he was familiar with the drama. Very likely he never reread the play after his youth, but his strong memory doubtless retained a pretty definite impression of it.]

[Footnote 113: _Review of the Life and Works of John Home_, _Quarterly_, June, 1827.]

[Footnote 114: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 143.]

[Footnote 115: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 427. It may be noted that this criticism does not show much dramatic insight.]

[Footnote 116: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, pp. 445-6.]

[Footnote 117: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 117; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 447.]

[Footnote 118: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 94; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 419.]

[Footnote 119: Advertisement to _Halidon Hill_. When the publisher Cadell closed a bargain with Scott in five minutes for _Halidon Hill_, giving him £1000, he wrote as follows to his partner: "My views were these: here is a commencement of a series of dramatic writings--let us begin by buying them out." (_Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 217.)]

[Footnote 120: "That well-written, but very didactic 'Old Play'," as Adolphus calls it. (_Letters to Heber_, p. 55.)]

[Footnote 121: Introductory epistle to _Nigel_.]

[Footnote 122: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 414.]

[Footnote 123: Fitzgerald's _New History of the English Stage_, Vol. II, p. 404.]

[Footnote 124: _Dramatic Essays_, Hazlitt's _Works_, Vol. VIII, p. 422.]

[Footnote 125: _Lockhart_, Vol. III. p. 176.]

[Footnote 126: _Ibid._, Vol. III. p. 265.]

[Footnote 127: _Ibid._, Vol. III. p. 332.]

[Footnote 128: _Essay on the Drama_.]

[Footnote 129: In 1808 he wrote to a friend: "We have Miss Baillie here at present, who is certainly the best dramatic writer whom Britain has produced since the days of Shakspeare and Massinger." (_Fam. Let._, Vol. I. p. 99.) But Wilson also put Joanna Baillie next to Shakspere, and quite seriously. The article in the _Dictionary of National Biography_, on Joanna Baillie says that when the first volume of _Plays on the Passions_ was published anonymously in 1798, Walter Scott was at first suspected of being the author. But as Scott had done nothing to give him a literary reputation in 1798, the assertion is incredible. It seems to be based on the following very inexact statement in _Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen._ (Vol. V, Art. _Joanna Baillie_.) "Rich though the period was in poetry, this work made a great impression, and a new edition of it was soon required. The writer was sought for among the most gifted personages of the day, and the illustrious Scott, with others then equally appreciated, was suspected as the author."]

[Footnote 130: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 380.]

[Footnote 131: _Life of Dryden_, ch. I. In _Guy Mannering_ and _The Antiquary_, the first two novels in which Scott habitually used mottoes to head his chapters, most of the selections are from plays. Eighteen plays of Shakspere are represented by twenty-nine quotations. Other mottoes are from _The Merry Devil of Edmonton_, from Jonson, from Fletcher (_The Little French Lawyer_, _Women Pleased_, _The Fair Maid of the Inn_, _The Beggar's Bush_), from Brome, Dekker, Middleton and Rowley, Cartwright, Otway, Southerne, _The Beggar's Opera_, Walpole's _Mysterious Mother_, _The Critic_, _Chrononhotonthologos_, Joanna Baillie. For the latter part of _The Antiquary_ many of the mottoes were composed by Scott himself. _Kenilworth_ presents a similar list, with some variations: Jonson's _Masque of Owls_ was used, more than one play by Beaumont and Fletcher, Waldron's _Virgin Queen_, _Wallenstein_, and _Douglas_. In _St. Ronan's Well_ there is a larger proportion of non-dramatic mottoes, as in most of the later novels, but we find represented nine of Shakspere's plays and one of Beaumont and Fletcher's. _The Legend of Montrose_ (chapter XIV) has a motto from Suckling's _Brennoralt_. In _Anne of Geierstein_ ten of Shakspere's plays were drawn upon, and _Manfred_ was twice used. Scott made his chapters much longer in these later novels, and used fewer mottoes, but the evidence of the selections would seem to indicate that he had lost something of his early familiarity with dramatic literature.]

[Footnote 132: Hazlitt's _Characters of Shakespeare's Plays_ appeared in 1817; his _Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth_ in 1821.]

[Footnote 133: Scott first began to fabricate occasional mottoes for his chapters during the composition of _The Antiquary_ in 1816.]

[Footnote 134: Saintsbury in _Macmillan's Magazine_, lxx: 323. Scott's style in many sages is strongly colored by the influence of Shakspere.]

[Footnote 135: Introduction by Lang to _The Fortunes of Nigel_.]

[Footnote 136: It is possible that among the various jobs of editing undertaken by Scott with a view to keeping the Ballantyne types busy, were certain collections of dramas. _Ancient British Drama_, in three volumes, and _Modern British Drama_, in five volumes, published in 1810 and 1811, are sometimes attributed to Scott in library catalogues, but on what authority it seems impossible to discover. There is almost no commentary in the _Ancient British Drama_, but the _Modern British Drama_ contains three brief introductions which I believe were written by Scott. They show a striking likeness to some parts of the _Essay on the Drama_ written several years later, and it is not probable that Scott took his criticism ready-made from another author. In the preface to the _Ancient British Drama_ we find this statement: "The present publication is intended to form, with _The British Drama_ and _Shakspeare_, a complete and uniform collection in ten volumes of the best English plays." The Shakspeare here referred to is doubtless that of which Constable the publisher afterwards spoke in his correspondence with Scott as "Ballantyne's Shakespeare," and Scott had no hand in the editorship. (_Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 244.)

It is true, however, as R.S. Mackenzie says in his _Life of Scott_, that Scott "had not only meditated, but partly executed an edition of Shakespeare." The work was suggested by Constable in 1822, was begun in 1823 or 1824, and three volumes of the proposed ten were printed by the time of Constable's financial crash in the beginning of 1826. The project was sometime afterwards abandoned, and the printed sheets, which apparently were not bound up, disappeared from view. The first volume was to be a life of Shakspere by Scott, and this was probably not begun at all. Of the commentary in the other volumes, Scott was to have the oversight but Lockhart was to do most of the work. It was not designed that the critical apparatus should to any great degree represent original ideas furnished by Lockhart or Scott, but the book was to be "a sensible Shakespeare, in which the useful and readable notes should be condensed and separated from the trash." (See the discussion of the matter in letters between Scott and his publisher given in the third volume of _Constables Correspondence_. See also Lang's _Life of Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 409, and Vol. II, p. 13, and Mackenzie's _Life of Scott_, pp. 475-6.) The Boston Public Library contains three volumes which are thought to be a unique copy of so much of the Scott-Lockhart Shakspere as was printed. (See below, the Bibliography of books edited by Scott.)

Scott's notes on Beaumont and Fletcher, which he had wished in 1804 to offer to Gifford, were actually used by Weber in his _Beaumont and Fletcher_, published about 1810, an edition which was characterized by Scott as "too carelessly done to be reputable." (_Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 472.)]

[Footnote 137: He seems to have connected heroic plays too closely with "the romances of Calprenède and Scudéri." See his introduction to _The Indian Emperor_, Dryden, Vol. II, pp. 317-20; also Vol. I, p. 56, and Vol. VI, p. 125. On his opinion in regard to the relation between novels and plays see below, pp. 75-6.]

[Footnote 138: See his comment on Corneille's _Oedipe_, _Dryden_, Vol. VI, p. 125 and Mr. Saintsbury's note.]

[Footnote 139: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 446.]

[Footnote 140: Hutchinson's _Letters of Scott_, p. 224.]

[Footnote 141: That Scott admired Sackville greatly is evident from more than one comment. Of _Ferrex and Porrex_ he says, "In Sackville's part of the play, which comprehends the two last acts, there is some poetry worthy of the author of the sublime Induction to the Mirror of Magistrates." (_Dryden_, Vol. II, p. 135.) Elsewhere Scott calls Sackville "a beautiful poet." (_Fragmenta Regalia_, p. 277. _Secret History of the Court of James I._, Vol. I, p. 278, note.)]

[Footnote 142: _Dryden_, Vol. II, p. 136.]

[Footnote 143: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 229. See also Vol. III, p. 223.]

[Footnote 144: _Ibid._, Vol. V, p. 322.]

[Footnote 145: See, for example, _Hawthornden_, in _Provincial Antiquities_.]

[Footnote 146: _Dryden_, Vol. XV, p. 337.]

[Footnote 147: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 10.]

[Footnote 148: Note on _Sir Tristrem_, Fytte II., stanza 56.]

[Footnote 149: See Middleton's Plays in the Mermaid edition: Introduction, Vol. I, pp. viii-ix.]

[Footnote 150: Ticknor, in Allibone's _Dictionary_, Vol. II, p. 1968.]

[Footnote 151: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 234; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 23.]

[Footnote 152: See Scott's article on Molière, _Foreign Quarterly Review_, February, 1828.]

[Footnote 153: _Essay on Drama_; _Dryden_, Vol. I, p. 101 ff., Vol. II, pp. 317-20, Vol. IV, p. 4.]

[Footnote 154: _Dryden_, Vol. IV, p. 4.]

[Footnote 155: Article on Molière, _Foreign Quarterly Review_, February, 1828.]

[Footnote 156: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 431.]

[Footnote 157: Review of _Kelly's Reminiscences and the Life of Kemble_, _Quarterly Review_, June, 1826.]

[Footnote 158: _Ibid._]

[Footnote 159: _Dryden_, Vol. VI, p. 128.]

[Footnote 160: _In Provincial Antiquities_ (Borthwick Castle). Scott cites parallels from _Sir John Oldcastle, The Pinner of Wakefield_, and one of Nash's pamphlets, for a curious incident in Scottish history.]

[Footnote 161: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 431. This search among seventeenth century pamphlets may have suggested to Scott the need of a new edition of _Somers' Tracts_. Apparently he arranged with the publishers in 1807 to undertake this task, but the first volume did not appear till 1809. (_Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 10, and see below, pp. 89-90, for an account of Scott's edition of the _Tracts_.) Some of his materials for the _Dryden_ were taken from this collection, but more from the Luttrell collection, to which he refers in the Advertisement.]

[Footnote 162: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 433. Scott's _Dryden_ appeared in 1808, and with some slight changes in 1821; as reëdited by Mr. Saintsbury it was published in 1882-1893. It was the first complete and uniform edition of Dryden's works, and it remains the only one. The dramatic works had appeared in folio in 1701. They were edited by Congreve in 1717, and Scott used Congreve's text. The non-dramatic poems were also published in 1701 in folio. They appeared in more convenient forms in 1741, 1743, and 1760, but of these editions only the last was reasonably complete. In 1800 the Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works were edited by Malone, who added a Life of Dryden which has furnished a large part of the material used by biographers since his time. This biography was badly written, but with Johnson's brilliant essay it was the only Life of Dryden before Scott's that was worth considering. An edition of Dryden's poems, with notes by Joseph Warton and others, appeared in 1811, but seems to have been prepared before Scott's edition was published. The text of this is very incorrect. Since then the non-dramatic poems have been published several times. Mr. Christie said in his preface to the Globe edition: "Sir Walter Scott's is the last important edition of Dryden, as it is indeed still the only general collection of his works; and it is to be regretted that that distinguished man did not give as much pains to the purification of Dryden's text as he did to his excellent biography and to the notes which enrich the edition."]

[Footnote 163: Editor's Preface.]

[Footnote 164: _Dryden_, Vol. IX, p. 226.]

[Footnote 165: _Ibid._, Vol. IX, p. 2.]

[Footnote 166: In this connection Scott's review of Todd's edition of Spenser is interesting. He takes exception to the lack of an appearance of continuity in the biography, caused by the long quotations included in the body of the narrative; and censures the editor for not having used the history of Italian poetry in elucidating Spenser's work. (_Edinburgh Review_, October, 1805.)]

[Footnote 167: Review of Todd's _Spenser_.]

[Footnote 168: _Dryden_, Vol. I, p. 6.]

[Footnote 169: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 229; and _Dryden_, Vol. I, p. 6.]

[Footnote 170: _Dryden_, Vol. I, pp. 402-3.]

[Footnote 171: _Dryden_, Vol. I, p. 403.]

[Footnote 172: _Ibid._, p. 404. Mr. Saintsbury thinks that Scott's prefatory introductions to the plays are often "both meagre and depreciatory"; also that Scott's judgment on Dryden's letters is rather harsh, for him, and that after he had begun to write novels he would not have been so impatient of remarks on "turkeys, marrow-puddings, and bacon."]

[Footnote 173: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 405.]

[Footnote 174: _Ibid._, Vol. X, p. 307 ff.]

[Footnote 175: _Ibid._, Vol. XIV, pp. 136 and 146.]

[Footnote 176: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 405.]

[Footnote 177: In order to give a more specific view of Scott's methods, two or three of the introductions to well-known poems may be briefly analysed. The introduction to _Absalom and Achitophel_ occupies 111/2 pages, of which about 21/2 are given to quotation from a tract which Scott thought furnished the argument to Dryden, and which was unnoticed by any former commentator. Scott's remarks follow this outline: Position of the poem in literature, and history of its composition; origin of the particular allegory as applied to modern politics; a parallel use of the allegory (with a quotation from _Somers' Tracts_ in illustrations); aptness of the allegory; merits of the satire--treatment of Monmouth and other main characters; changes in the second edition to mitigate the satire; characterization of the poem as having few flights of imagination but much correctness of taste as well as fire and spirit; other objections by Johnson refuted; success of the poem; history of the first publication and of the replies and congratulatory poems; editions, and Latin versions. The notes on this poem are historical and very full, but the introduction contains as much literary as historical comment. _Religio Laici_ is prefaced by 8 pages of introduction, in which are discussed the motive of the writing, the argument, the title, the purpose of the poem, and its reputation. Dryden's style in didactic poetry is compared with Cowper's, to the disadvantage of the later poet. The introduction to _The Hind and the Panther_ is 20 pages long, and discusses the history of the period as well as the argument of the poem, its style, the subject of fables in general, and the effects the poem produced. The notes on this poem are copious. As he discussed the _Fables_ in the _Life of Dryden_, Scott gave them no general introduction, and for each poem he wrote only a slight preface, telling something of the source and pointing out special beauties. His notes vary greatly in abundance. Those on _Palamon and Arcite_, _e.g._, are brief, explaining terms of chivalry and heraldry, but not giving literary or linguistic comment.]

[Footnote 178: _Dryden_, Vol. XIII, p. 324.]

[Footnote 179: _Ibid._, Vol. XII, p. 20.]

[Footnote 180: _Ibid._, Vol. X, p. 213.]

[Footnote 181: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 411.]

[Footnote 182: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 98. See also _St. Ronan's Well_, Vol. I, p. 105, and various mottoes in the novels. The edition of the novels used for reference is that published in Edinburgh (1867) in 48 volumes.]

[Footnote 183: _Dryden_, Vol. X, p. 26.]

[Footnote 184: For example see _Anne of Geierstein_, Vol. II, p. 307.]

[Footnote 185: _Letters to Heber_, p. 292.]

[Footnote 186: The price offered for the _Swift_ was £1500. This must have been a rather rash speculation on the publisher's part, as there had been several editions of Swift's works published. The first appeared in twelve volumes in 1755, edited by Hawkesworth. Deane Swift, Hawkesworth, and others, added thirteen more volumes in the course of the next twenty-five years, and when the whole was completed it was reissued in three different sizes. In 1785 an edition in seventeen volumes was published, edited by Thomas Sheridan. In 1801 the edition by Nichols was published, and it reappeared in 1804 and in 1808. Hawkesworth and Thomas Sheridan supplied biographies which Leslie Stephen characterized by saying that Hawkesworth's gave no new material and that Sheridan's was "pompous and dull." (Preface to Leslie Stephen's _Life of Swift_.)]

[Footnote 187: _Correspondence of C.K. Sharpe_, Vol. II, p. 178.]

[Footnote 188: This correspondence consisted of 28 letters from Swift, and 16 "Vanessa."]

[Footnote 189: A comparison of the index with the bibliography in the _Dictionary of National Biography_ and with Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole's _Notes for a Bibliography of Swift_ (_Bibliographer_, vi: 160-71) shows that Scott was usually right in his judgment on the main articles. But since Mr. Lane-Poole ends his list thus: "And numerous short poems, trifles, characters and short pieces," it is evident that one cannot carry the investigation far without undertaking to make a complete bibliography of Swift. Mr. Temple Scott says, in the Advertisement of his edition of Swift's Prose Works, begun in 1897, that since Sir Walter's edition of 1824 "there has been no serious attempt to grapple with the difficulties which then prevented and which still beset the attainment of a trustworthy and substantially complete text."]

[Footnote 190: _Swift_, Vol. IV, p. 280. Two more of Scott's comments may be given, further to illustrate his method. "This piece [William Crowe's Address to her Majesty, _Swift_, Vol. XII, p. 265] and those which follow, were first extracted by the learned Dr. Barrett, of Trinity College, Dublin, from the Lanesborough and other manuscripts. I have retained them from internal evidence, as I have discarded some articles upon the same score." "The following poems [poems given as "ascribed to Swift," Vol. X, p. 434] are extracted from the manuscript of Lord Lanesborough, called the Whimsical Medley. They are here inserted in deference to the opinion of a most obliging correspondent, who thinks they are juvenile attempts of Swift. I own I cannot discover much internal evidence in support of the supposition."]

[Footnote 191: Colonel Parnell, writing in the _English Historical Review_ on "Dean Swift and the Memoirs of Captain Carleton," has spoken of the biography as "this most partial, verbose, and inaccurate account of the dean's life and writings." He says also that in editing _Carleton's Memoirs_ Scott adopted, without investigation and in the face of evidence, Johnson's opinion that the memoirs were genuine; that Scott was mistaken about the date of the first edition and misquoted the title page; and that his "glowing account" of Lord Peterborough, in the introduction, was amplified (without acknowledgment) from a panegyric by Dr. Birch in "Houbraken's Heads." (_English Historical Review_, January, 1891; vi: 97. For a further reference to the article see below, p. 144.)]

[Footnote 192: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 20.]

[Footnote 193: September, 1816.]

[Footnote 194: _Swift_ Vol. XVII, p. 4, note.]

[Footnote 195: _Life of Swift_, conclusion.]

[Footnote 196: _Swift_, Vol. XI, p. 12.]

[Footnote 197: Vol. IX, p. 569. The tract had already been correctly assigned. A similar note on another tract indicates more careful research on the part of the editor. The paper is _A Secret History of One Year_, which had commonly been attributed to Robert Walpole. Scott says: "This tract in not to found in Mr. Coxe's list of Sir Robert Walpole's publications, nor in that given by his son, the Earl of Oxford, in the Royal and Noble Authors.... It does not seem at all probable that Walpole should at this crisis have thought it proper to advocate these principles." (Vol. XIII, p. 873.) The piece is now attributed to Defoe.]

[Footnote 198: See above, p. 4.]

[Footnote 199: _Horace Walpole_, in _Lives of the Novelists_.]

[Footnote 200: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 512.]

[Footnote 201: _Quarterly_, September, 1826.]

[Footnote 202: See his explanation, in the articles themselves.]

[Footnote 203: _The Mid-Eighteenth Century_, by J.H. Millar, p. 143, note.]

[Footnote 204: _Ibid._, p. 159. Scott compares Fielding and Smollett at some length in the _Life of Smollett_.]

[Footnote 205: _Life of Le Sage_.]

[Footnote 206: _Life of Richardson_.]

[Footnote 207: _Life of Fielding_.]

[Footnote 208: _Life of Goldsmith_. As we might expect, Scott speaks rather too favorably of Goldsmith's hack work in history and science.]

[Footnote 209: _Life of Sterne_.]

[Footnote 210: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 35.]

[Footnote 211: See above, p. 53, note.]

[Footnote 212: See also the Introductory epistle to _Ivanhoe_; and the Review of _Walpole's Letters_. "In attaining his contemporary triumph," says Mr. Brander Matthews, "Scott owed more to Horace Walpole than to Maria Edgeworth." _The Historical Novel_, p. 10.]

[Footnote 213: Scott uses the word.]

[Footnote 214: Mr. G.A. Aitken has given convincing evidence that the story was not invented by Defoe. Mr. Aitken also shows the falsity of Scott's statement that Drelincourt's book was in need of advertising, as William Lee, in his _Life of Defoe_, had previously done. (See _The Nineteenth Century_, xxxvii: 95. January, 1895; and also Aitken's edition of Defoe's _Romances and Narratives_, Vol. XV, Introduction.) A passage from Defoe's _History of the Church of Scotland_ is quoted in the review of _Tales of My Landlord_, by Scott, who says that it probably suggested one of the scenes in _Old Mortality_. Scott there speaks of Defoe's "liveliness of imagination," and says he "excelled all others in dramatizing a story, and presenting it as if in actual speech and action before the reader." (_Quarterly Review_, January, 1817.)]

[Footnote 215: See also _The Fortunes of Nigel_, Vol. II, pp. 88-9.]

[Footnote 216: _Life of Clara Reeve_.]

[Footnote 217: Blackwood, March, 1818.]

[Footnote 218: _Quarterly_, May, 1818.]

[Footnote 219: See a reference to Voltaire and other French authors; _Napoleon_, Vol. I, ch. 2.]

[Footnote 220: _Life of Richardson_.]

[Footnote 221: We gather from Scott's article that he considered the following to be the chief "speculative errors" of Bage: he was an infidel; he misrepresented different classes of society, thinking the high tyrannical and the low virtuous and generous; his system of ethics was founded on philosophy instead of religion; he was inclined to minimize the importance of purity in women; he considered tax-gatherers extortioners, and soldiers, licensed murderers.]

[Footnote 222: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 132.]

[Footnote 223: Familiar Letters, Vol. I, p. 192. In his _George the Third_, Thackeray said: "Do you remember the verses--the sacred verses--which Johnson wrote on the death of his humble friend Levett?" (Biographical edition of Thackeray, Vol. VII, p. 671.)]

[Footnote 224: _Life of Johnson_.]

[Footnote 225: Introduction to _Chronicles of the Canongate_.]

[Footnote 226: _Dryden_, Vol. XI, p. 81, note; Review of the _Life and Works of John Home_, _Quarterly_, June, 1827.]

[Footnote 227: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 44.]

[Footnote 228: _Swift_, Vol. XVI, p. 275, note. On one of the last sad days before Sir Walter left Scotland for his Italian journey he quoted in full Prior's poem on Mezeray's History of France. (_Lockhart_, Vol. V, pp. 339-40.)]

[Footnote 229: _Swift_, Vol. III, p. 36.]

[Footnote 230: _Ibid._, Vol. XIII, p. 24.]

[Footnote 231: _Correspondence of C.K. Sharpe_, Vol. II, p. 194.]

[Footnote 232: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 67; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 401.]

[Footnote 233: Allan Cunningham's _Life of Scott_, p. 96.]

[Footnote 234: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 483.]

[Footnote 235: See the satirical paragraph in his review of _Gertrude of Wyoming_, on the habits of reviewers in general. "We are perfectly aware," he says, "that, according to the modern canons of criticism, the Reviewer is expected to show his immense superiority to the author reviewed, and at the same time to relieve the tediousness of narration, by turning the epic, dramatic, moral story before him into quaint and lively burlesque." (_Quarterly_, May, 1809.) In his review of the _Life and Works of John Home_ he speaks of "the hackneyed rules of criticism, which, having crushed a hundred poets, will never, it may be prophesied, create, or assist in creating, a single one." (_Quarterly_, June, 1827.)]

[Footnote 236: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 363.]

[Footnote 237: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 501. For a further comparison of Scott and Jeffrey as critics see below, pp. 134-5.]

[Footnote 238: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 204.]

[Footnote 239: _Ibid._, Vol. V, p. 97.]

[Footnote 240: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 262]

[Footnote 241: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 173]

[Footnote 242: In general Scott admired Lockhart. "I have known the most able men of my time," he once wrote, "and I never met any one who had such ready command of his own mind, and possessed in a greater degree the power of making his talents available upon the shortest notice, and upon any subject." (_Life of Murray_, Vol. II, p. 222.) But in Lockhart's earlier days Scott said, "I am sometimes angry with him for an exuberant love of fun in his light writings, which he has caught, I think, from Wilson, a man of greater genius than himself perhaps, but who disputes with low adversaries, which I think a terrible error, and indulges in a sort of humour which exceeds the bounds of playing at ladies and gentlemen, a game to which I have been partial all my life." (_Letters of Lady Louisa Stuart_, p. 225.)]

[Footnote 243: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 400.]

[Footnote 244: Lang's _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 406.]

[Footnote 245: _Life of Murray_, Vol. I, pp. 146-7.]

[Footnote 246: _Quarterly_, February, 1809.]

[Footnote 247: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 327.]

[Footnote 248: Scott wrote a poetical epitaph for the burial place of Miss Seward and her father. See _Edinburgh Annual Register_, Vol. II, pt. 2. In the introduction to _The Tapestried Chamber_, Scott said, "It was told to me many years ago by the late Miss Anna Seward, who, among other accomplishments that rendered her an amusing inmate in a country house, had that of recounting narratives of this sort with very considerable effect; much greater, indeed, than anyone would be apt to guess from the style of her written performances." It must be remembered that Miss Seward was one of the first persons of any literary note, outside of Edinburgh, to show an interest in Scott's work, and he committed himself to admiration of her poetry when he was still in a rather uncritical stage. In regard to his later feeling about her see _Recollections_, by R.P. Gillies, _Fraser's_, xiii: 692, January, 1836.]

[Footnote 249: J.L. Adolphus, in an interesting passage in his _Letters to Heber on the Authorship of Waverley_, noted many of the references to contemporary poets. See pp. 53-4. See also Hazlitt's _Spirit of the Age_, art. _Sir Walter Scott_]

[Footnote 250: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 341. See also a similar anecdote in Forster's _Life of Landor_, Vol. II, p. 244.]

[Footnote 251: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, pp. 116-17.]

[Footnote 252: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 132.]

[Footnote 253: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 321.]

[Footnote 254: Review of _Cromek's Reliques of Burns_, _Quarterly_, February, 1809.]

[Footnote 255: _Ibid._]

[Footnote 256: _Ibid._]

[Footnote 257: Crabbe Robinson, in his diary (quoted by Knight in his edition of Wordsworth, Vol. X, p. 189), says that Coleridge and his friends "consider Scott as having stolen the verse" of _Christabel_. On this point see also a letter by Coleridge, given in Meteyard's _Group of Englishmen_, pp. 327-8. In 1807 Coleridge wrote to Southey: "I did not over-hugely admire the 'Lay of the Last Minstrel,' but saw no likeness whatever to the 'Christabel,' much less any improper resemblance." (_Letters of Coleridge_, ed. by E.H. Coleridge, Vol. II, p. 523.) Yet Mr. Lang seems to think that in this matter Scott "showed something of the deficient sense of _meum_ and _tuum_ which marked his freebooting ancestors." (_Sir Walter Scott_, p. 36.) Apparently Scott never dreamed that the matter could be looked at in this way. In Lockhart's _Scott_ (Vol. II, pp. 77-8) we find described an occasion on which the two men once met in London, when they were asked, with other poets who were present, to recite from their unpublished writings. Coleridge complied with the request, but Scott said he had nothing of his own and would repeat some stanzas he had seen in a newspaper. The poem was criticised adversely in spite of Scott's protests, till Coleridge lost patience and exclaimed, "Let Mr. Scott alone; I wrote the poem." Coleridge's lines:

"The Knight's bones are dust And his good sword rust, His soul is with the saints, I trust,"

are probably much better known as they appear in _Ivanhoe_, incorrectly quoted, than in their proper form. Scott also added a note on Coleridge in this connection. (_Ivanhoe_, Chapter VIII.)]

[Footnote 258: But apparently not in any earlier than _The Black Dwarf_, which was written in 1816, the year in which the poem was published. It was about 1803 that Scott heard _Christabel_ recited. See _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 221.]

[Footnote 259: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 356.]

[Footnote 260: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 315.]

[Footnote 261: See _Letters to Heber_, p. 293; _On Imitations of the Ancient Ballad_; _Lockhart_, Vol. III, pp. 56 and 264; _Quentin Durward_, Vol. II, p. 394.]

[Footnote 262: Note in _The Abbot_.]

[Footnote 263: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 223.]

[Footnote 264: Note in _St. Ronan's Well_. See also the comment on _Wallenstein_ in _Paul's Letters_, Letter XV.]

[Footnote 265: Review of _Childe Harold_, _Canto III_, _Quarterly_, October, 1816.]

[Footnote 266: In 1818 Scott wrote a review of _Frankenstein_ in which it appears that he thought Shelley was the author. Shelley had sent the book with a note in which he said that it was the work of a friend and he had merely seen it through the press; and Scott took this for the conventional evasion so often resorted to by authors. (See Mr. Lang's note in his Introduction to the Waverley Novels, p. lxxxvi.) Scott praises the substance and style of the book, and advises the author to cultivate his poetical powers, in words which make it evident that he did not know Shelley as a poet, though _Alastor_ had appeared in 1816. Scott also praises _Frankenstein_ in his article on Hoffmann. In reading Scott's novels I have noted two reminiscences of the line, "One word is too often profaned." They are to be found in _Old Mortality_, Vol. II, p. 93, and in _Redgauntlet_, Vol. I, p. 224.]

[Footnote 267: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 179.]

[Footnote 268: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 40.]

[Footnote 269: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 97.]

[Footnote 270: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 333]

[Footnote 271: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 190.]

[Footnote 272: I quote from the letter as given in Knight's _Wordsworth_, Vol. II, p. 105. Prof. Knight says that Lockhart quotes the letter less exactly (Vol. I, p. 489.)]

[Footnote 273: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 428.]

[Footnote 274: Even Byron admired Southey. He once wrote, "His prose is perfect. Of his poetry there are various opinions: there is, perhaps, too much of it for the present generation; posterity will probably select. He has _passages_ equal to anything." (Byron's _Letters and Journals_, ed. Prothero, Vol. II, p. 331.) Shelley also had a high opinion of Southey's work. (Dowden's _Life of Shelley_, Vol. I, p. 158, and pp. 471-2.) Landor liked _Madoc_ and _Thalaba_ so much that, when he found Southey hesitating to write more poems of a similar kind because they did not pay, he offered to bear the expense of the publication. Southey refused the assistance, but was stimulated by the kindness and considered Landor's encouragement responsible for his later work in poetry. (Forster's _Life of Landor_, Vol. I, pp. 209-214.)]

[Footnote 275: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 307.]

[Footnote 276: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 415.]

[Footnote 277: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 477; see also _Edinburgh Annual Register_ for 1809, part 2, p. 588.]

[Footnote 278: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 197.]

[Footnote 279: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 127.]

[Footnote 280: In his youth Scott read Dante with other Italian authors, but he did not become well acquainted with him, and later even expressed dislike for his work. (See _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 408.) In 1825 he wrote to W.S. Rose, "I will subscribe for Dante with all pleasure, on condition you do not insist on my reading him." (_Fam. Let._, Vol. II, p. 356.)]

[Footnote 281: It may be interesting to have Southey's comment on the same article. (See _Southey's Letters_, Vol. II, p. 307.) He says, "Bedford has seen the review which Scott has written of it, and which, from his account, though a very friendly one, is, like that of the 'Cid,' very superficial. He sees nothing but the naked story; the moral feeling which pervades it has escaped him. I do not know whether Bedford will be able to get a paragraph interpolated touching upon this, and showing that there is some difference between a work of high imagination and a story of mere amusement." Either Bedford was mistaken in saying that Scott had ignored the moral aspect of the poem, or else he succeeded in getting a passage interpolated, for the review is sufficiently definite on that point.]

[Footnote 282: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 481.]

[Footnote 283: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 296.]

[Footnote 284: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 413.]

[Footnote 285: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 112; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 429.]

[Footnote 286: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 391.]

[Footnote 287: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 211.]

[Footnote 288: Introduction to _Marmion_; _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 82.]

[Footnote 289: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 508.]

[Footnote 290: Byron did not altogether approve of Scott's poetry, but he felt its effectiveness. In his "Reply to Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine," Byron wrote: "What have we got instead [of following Pope]? A deluge of flimsy and unintelligible romances, imitated from Scott and myself, who have both made the best of our bad materials and erroneous system."]

[Footnote 291: Review of _Childe Harold_, _Canto III_, _Quarterly_, October, 1816.]

[Footnote 292: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 182.]

[Footnote 293: It should be remembered also that Scott's first review of _Childe Harold_ appeared at a time when all England was condemning Byron for his treatment of Lady Byron, and that the article was thought by many to be altogether too lenient. Byron wrote to Murray expressing his pleasure in the review before he knew who was responsible for it, and some years later he wrote to Scott as follows: "To have been recorded by you in such a manner would have been a proud memorial at any time, but at such a time ... was something still higher to my self-esteem.... Had it been a common criticism, however eloquent or panegyrical, I should have felt pleased, undoubtedly, and grateful, but not to the extent which the extraordinary good-heartedness of the whole proceeding must induce in any mind capable of such sensations." (_Byron's Letters and Journals_, Vol. VI, p. 2.) See _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 510, for quotations from Byron showing his admiration for Scott. An interesting contrast between the characters of the two poets is drawn by H.S. Legaré. (See his _Collected Writings_, Vol. II, p. 258.)]

[Footnote 294: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 221]

[Footnote 295: _Remarks on the Death of Lord Byron_.]

[Footnote 296: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 525]

[Footnote 297: See Nichol's _Byron_ (English Men of Letters), p. 205; and Arnold's essay on Byron.]

[Footnote 298: _Quarterly Review_, May, 1809.]

[Footnote 299: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 341.]

[Footnote 300: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 9.]

[Footnote 301: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 70.]

[Footnote 302: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 306.]

[Footnote 303: Byron said, "Crabbe's the man, but he has got a coarse and impracticable subject." (Moore's _Life and Letters of Byron_, Vol. IV, pp. 63-4.) Leslie Stephen remarks that Crabbe "was admired by Byron in his rather wayward mood of Pope-worship, as the last representative of the legitimate school." (_English Literature and Society in the 18th Century_, p. 207.)]

[Footnote 304: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 197.]

[Footnote 305: The reader will at once recall the ingenuous remark of Sophia Scott when she was asked, shortly after its appearance, how she liked _The Lady of the Lake_. She said, "Oh, I have not read it; Papa says there's nothing so bad for young people as reading bad poetry." (_Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 130. See also the _Life of Irving_, Vol. I, p. 444.)]

[Footnote 306: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 94.]

[Footnote 307: _Correspondence of C.K. Sharpe_, Vol. I, p. 353.]

[Footnote 308: See _Marmion_, introduction to Canto III, and other passages noted by Adolphus in the _Letters to Heber_, p. 295. See also _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 198, and the passage in _Lockhart_ (Vol. II, p. 132), in which James Ballantyne reports Scott as saying to him, "If you wish to speak of a real poet, Joanna Baillie is now the highest genius of our country."]

[Footnote 309: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 306.]

[Footnote 310: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 359; also Vol. I, p. 255; and _Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 300.]

[Footnote 311: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 117.]

[Footnote 312: _Ibid._, Vol. V, p. 448.]

[Footnote 313: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 14.]

[Footnote 314: _Forster_, Vol. I, p. 84, note.]

[Footnote 315: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 95.]

[Footnote 316: _Haydon's Correspondence_, Vol. I, p. 356.]

[Footnote 317: Hunt says Scott was interested in reading _The Story of Rimini_. See Hunt's _Autobiography_, Vol. I, p. 260.]

[Footnote 318: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 22. Scott wrote as follows to Lockhart after the appearance of _Lord Byron and Some of his Contemporaries_: "Hunt has behaved like a hyena to Byron, whom he has dug up to girn and howl over him in the same breath." Mr. Lang makes this comment: "Leigh Hunt ... had gone out of his way to insult Sir Walter and to make the most baseless insinuations against him. Scott probably never mentioned Leigh Hunt's name publicly in his life, and he refers to the insults neither in his correspondence nor in his _Journal_." (Lang's _Life of Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 22 and 24.) Hunt evidently thought that Scott was partly responsible for the articles in _Blackwood_ on the Cockney School. He says, "Unfortunately some of the knaves were not destitute of talent: the younger were tools of older ones who kept out of sight." (Hunt's _Lord Byron_, etc., Vol. I, p. 423.) In his _Autobiography_, Hunt says, "Sir Walter Scott confessed to Mr. Severn at Rome that the truth respecting Keats had prevailed." (Vol. II, p. 44.) Mr. Lang points out that though Colvin said of Scott (in his _Life of Keats_) "that he was in some measure privy to the Cockney School outrages seems certain," he afterwards recanted the statement. (In his edition of _Keats's Letters_, p. 60, note. See Lang's _Lockhart_, Vol. I, pp. 196-8.) Scott invited Lamb to Abbotsford when Lamb was looked upon as a leader of the Cockney School. (Lang's _Scott_, p. 52.)]

[Footnote 319: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 155; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 476, and Vol. V, p. 380.]

[Footnote 320: _Quarterly_, October, 1815.]

[Footnote 321: Postscript to _Waverley_, and General Introduction.]

[Footnote 322: For references to the group of women novelists who were so successful in depicting manners, see the _Life of Charlotte Smith_; the Postscript to _Waverley_; the Introduction to _St. Ronan's Well_; _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 164.]

[Footnote 323: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. III.]

[Footnote 324: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 116.]

[Footnote 325: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, 164.]

[Footnote 326: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 299; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 65.]

[Footnote 327: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 295; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 62.]

[Footnote 328: The reference as given by Lockhart is as follows: "This man, who has shown so much genius, has a good deal of the manners, or want of manners, peculiar to his countrymen." (_Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 62.) Cooper observes in regard to this point: "The manners of most Europeans strike us as exaggerated, while we appear cold to them. Sir Walter Scott was certainly so obliging as to say many flattering things to me, which I, as certainly, did not repay in kind. As Johnson said of his interview with George the Third, it was not for me to bandy compliments with my sovereign. At that time the diary was a sealed book to the world, and I did not know the importance he attached to such civilities." It is a pity that the transcriber of the passage in the _Journal_ changed "manner," which was the word Scott wrote, to the more objectionable "manners." (_Journal_, Vol. I, p. 295.)]

[Footnote 329: Scott's letter was substantially as follows: "I have considered in all its bearings the matter which your kindness has suggested. Upon many former occasions I have been urged by my friends in America to turn to some advantage the sale of my writings in your country, and render that of pecuniary avail as an individual which I feel as the highest compliment as an author. I declined all these proposals, because the sale of this country produced me as much profit as I desired, and more--far more--than I deserved. But my late heavy losses have made my situation somewhat different, and have rendered it a point of necessity and even duty to neglect no means of making the sale of my works effectual to the extrication of my affairs, which can be honorably and honestly resorted to. If therefore Mr. Carey, or any other publishing gentleman of credit and character, should think it worth while to accept such an offer, I am willing to convey to him the exclusive right of publishing the _Life of Napoleon_, and my future works in America, making it always a condition, which indeed will be dictated by the publisher's own interest, that this monopoly shall not be used for the purpose of raising the price of the work to my American readers, but only for that of supplying the public at the usual terms....

"At any rate, if what I propose should not be found of force to prevent piracy, I cannot but think from the generosity and justice of American feeling, that a considerable preference would be given in the market to the editions emanating directly from the publisher selected by the author, and in the sale of which the author had some interest.

"If the scheme shall altogether fail, it at least infers no loss, and therefore is, I think, worth the experiment. It is a fair and open appeal to the liberality, perhaps in some sort to the justice, of a great people; and I think I ought not in the circumstances to decline venturing upon it. I have done so manfully and openly, though not perhaps without some painful feelings, which however are more than compensated by the interest you have taken in this unimportant matter, of which I will not soon lose the recollection." (_Knickerbocker Magazine_, Vol. XI, p. 380 ff., April, 1838.)]

[Footnote 330: _Knickerbocker_, Vol. XII, p. 349 ff., October, 1838.]

[Footnote 331: In a letter written in January, 1839, Sumner said, speaking of Cooper's article, "I think a proper castigation is applied to the vulgar minds of Scott and Lockhart." (See _Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner_, by Edward L. Pierce, Vol. II, p. 38; and Lounsbury's _Cooper_, p. 160.)]

[Footnote 332: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, pp. 163-4.]

[Footnote 333: _Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 262.]

[Footnote 334: _Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 131, note; _Fam. Let._, Vol. I, p. 440. "Walter Scott was the first transatlantic author to bear witness to the merit of Knickerbocker," wrote P.M. Irving in his _Life of Washington Irving_. Henry Brevoort presented Scott with a copy of the second edition in 1813, and received this reply: "I beg you to accept my best thanks for the uncommon degree of entertainment which I have received from the most excellently jocose history of New York. I am sensible that as a stranger to American parties and politics I must lose much of the concealed satire of the piece, but I must own that looking at the simple and obvious meaning only, I have never read anything so closely resembling the style of Dean Swift, as the annals of Diedrich Knickerbocker.... I think too there are passages which indicate that the author possesses powers of a different kind, and has some touches which remind me much of Sterne." (_Life of Irving_, Vol. I, p. 240.) When, in 1819, Irving needed money, he wrote to Scott for advice about publishing the _Sketch Book_ in England. "Scott was the only literary man," he says, "to whom I felt that I could talk about myself and my petty concerns with the confidence and freedom that I would to an old friend--nor was I deceived. From the first moment that I mentioned my work to him in a letter, he took a decided and effective interest in it, and has been to me an invaluable friend." (Vol. I, p. 456.) At this time Scott asked Irving to accept the editorship of a political newspaper in Edinburgh, an offer which Irving of course refused. (_Fam. Let._, Vol. II, p. 60; _Life of Irving_, Vol. I, pp. 441-2, and Vol. III, pp. 272-3.) Scott called the _Sketch Book_ "positively beautiful." He was by some people supposed to be the author. In this connection it was said of him that his "very numerous disguises," and his "well-known fondness for literary masquerading, seem to have gained him the advantage of being suspected as the author of every distinguished work that is published." (Letter by Lady Lyttleton, in _Life of Irving_, Vol. II, p. 21.)]

[Footnote 335: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 131; _Life of Irving_, Vol. I, p. 240.]

[Footnote 336: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 161.]

[Footnote 337: _Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft_, Letter II.]

[Footnote 338: _Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 199.]

[Footnote 339: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, pp. 100-104.]

[Footnote 340: Vol. I, p. 371.]

[Footnote 341: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 359; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 100. See also _Journal_, Vol. II, pp. 483-4.]

[Footnote 342: Review of Hoffmann's novels, _Foreign Quarterly Review_, July, 1827.]

[Footnote 343: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 19.]

[Footnote 344: M. Maigron says, speaking of the vogue of Scott in France: "On peut affirmer mème que, de 1820 à 1830, aucun nom français ne fut en France aussi connu et aussi glorieux." (_Le Roman Historique à l'Époque Romantique_, p. 99. See also pp. 100-133.)]

[Footnote 345: The phrase is quoted from Scott's article on the _Life and Works of John Home_, in which it is applied to Home's critical work. The same idea occurs frequently in Scott's books, as indicating one of the finest graces of life. It was one which Sir Walter was foremost in practicing in all his social relations.]

[Footnote 346: He was talking about Pope. See the _Recollections_, by R.P. Gillies, _Fraser's_, xii: 253 (Sept., 1835).]

[Footnote 347: Review of _The Battles of Talavera_, _Quarterly_, November, 1809.]

[Footnote 348: Editor's Introduction to _Montrose_, Border edition of the Waverley Novels.]

[Footnote 349: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 125.]

[Footnote 350: _Quarterly_, January, 1817. Scott evidently wrote this article chiefly for the purpose of defending the historical accuracy of _Old Mortality_. He also wished to show that _The Black Dwarf_ was founded on fact; and he devoted some space, as will appear in the passage quoted below (pp. 111-112), to a discussion of the artistic aspects of these and the earlier Waverly novels.]

[Footnote 351: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 269.]

[Footnote 352: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 276.]

[Footnote 353: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 96.]

[Footnote 354: Introductory epistle to _Nigel_; _Fam. Let._, Vol. I, p. 28.]

[Footnote 355: Introduction to the _Monastery_.]

[Footnote 356: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 258.]

[Footnote 357: _Rokeby_, Canto VI, stanza 26; _Waverley_, Vol. II, pp. 399-400; _Journal_, Vol. 1, p. 117; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, pp. 447-8.]

[Footnote 358: Review of the _Life and Works of John Home_, _Quarterly_, June, 1827.]

[Footnote 359: Review of Southery's _Life of Bunyan_, _Quarterly_, October, 1830.]

[Footnote 360: _Quarterly_, January, 1817.]

[Footnote 361: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 7-8.]

[Footnote 362: _Quarterly_, November, 1809.]

[Footnote 363: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 128.]

[Footnote 364: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 129.]

[Footnote 365: Epistle prefixed to Canto V.]

[Footnote 366: Epistle prefixed to Canto III.]

[Footnote 367: Hazlitt's _Spirit of the Age_, art. _Sir Walter Scott_; see _Letters to Heber_, p. 75 ff.]

[Footnote 368: It is hard to say just how much he accomplished by the proof-reading, which, to judge by his Journal, he habitually performed. He wrote to Kirkpatrick Sharpe in 1809, after seeing a new number of the _Quarterly_: "I am a little disconcerted with the appearance of one or two of my own articles, which I have had no opportunity to revise in proof." (_Sharpe's Correspondence_, Vol. I, p. 370.) Lockhart gives an interesting sample of a sheet of Scott's poetry tentatively revised by Ballantyne and reworked by the author. (_Lockhart_, Vol. III, pp. 32-5.) It is certain that Ballantyne made many suggestions, some of which Scott accepted and some of which he summarily rejected. In Hogg's _Domestic Manners of Scott_ we find the following account of what the printer said when Hogg reported that Sir Walter was to correct some proofs for him: "He correct them for you! Lord help you and him both! I assure you if he had nobody to correct after him, there would be a bonny song through the country. He is the most careless and incorrect writer that ever was born, for a voluminous and popular writer, and as for sending a proof sheet to him, we may as well keep it in the office. He never heeds it.... He will never look at either your proofs or his own, unless it be for a few minutes amusement" (pp. 242-3). When he wrote to Miss Baillie that he had read the proofs of a play of hers which was being published in Edinburgh, he added, "but this will not ensure their being altogether correct, for in despite of great practice, Ballantyne insists I have a bad eye." (_Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 173.)]

[Footnote 369: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 79; also 234 and 239; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, pp. 116 and 240.]

[Footnote 370: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 117; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 448.]

[Footnote 371: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, pp. 2 and 391.]

[Footnote 372: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 72.]

[Footnote 373: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 101.]

[Footnote 374: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 113.]

[Footnote 375: Essay on _Imitations of the Ancient Ballad_.]

[Footnote 376: A friend of Scott's once wrote to him, "You are the only author I ever yet knew to whom one might speak plain about the faults found with his works." (_Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 282.) He took great pains, contrary to his usual custom, in revising and correcting the _Malachi Malagrowther_ papers, but these were argumentative and in an altogether different class from his poems and novels; and besides he felt a special responsibility in writing upon a public matter "far more important than anything referring to [his] fame or fortune alone." (_Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 460.)]

[Footnote 377: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 379.]

[Footnote 378: Introduction to the _Pirate_.]

[Footnote 379: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 250.]

[Footnote 380: This was, of course, an effect of overwork and disease. Irving quotes Scott as saying: "It is all nonsense to tell a man that his mind is not affected, when his body is in this state." (_Irving's Life_, Vol. II, p. 459.)]

[Footnote 381: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 181.]

[Footnote 382: See _Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 265-6.]

[Footnote 383: _Journal_, Vol. I, pp. 212-13; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 13.]

[Footnote 384: See _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 309; _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 216; Vol. IV, pp. 128 and 498; Vol. V, pp. 128, 412, 448.]

[Footnote 385: _Correspondence of C.K. Sharpe_, Vol. I, p. 352.]

[Footnote 386: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 276. In the _Edinburgh Annual Register_ for 1808 (published 1810) is an article on the _Living Poets of Great Britain_, which if not written by Scott was evidently influenced by him. Speaking of Southey, Campbell and Scott, the writer says: "Were we set to classify their respective admirers we should be apt to say that those who feel poetry most enthusiastically prefer Southey; those who try it by the most severe rules admire Campbell; while the general mass of readers prefer to either the Border Poet. In this arrangement we should do Mr. Scott no injustice, because we assign to him in the number of suffrages what we deny him in their value." He once wrote to Miss Baillie, "No one can both eat his cake and have his cake, and I have enjoyed too extensive popularity in this generation to be entitled to draw long-dated bills upon the applause of the next." (_Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 173.) But in the Introductory Epistle to _Nigel_ he said, "It has often happened that those who have been best received in their own time have also continued to be acceptable to posterity. I do not think so ill of the present generation as to suppose that its present favour necessarily infers future condemnation."]

[Footnote 387: Introduction to the _Lady of the Lake_; _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 130.]

[Footnote 388: Introduction to _Chronicles of the Canongate_.]

[Footnote 389: _Journal_, Vol. II, p 473.]

[Footnote 390: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 355.]

[Footnote 391: _Ibid._, Vol. V, p. 164.]

[Footnote 392: See speech of Humphry Gubbin, in _The Tender Husband_,