Chapter 8

SCOTT'S POSITION AS CRITIC

Comparison of Scott with Jeffrey and with the Romantic critics--His criticism largely appreciative--Romantic in special cases and Augustan in attitude--Comparison with Coleridge--Scott's respect for the verdict of the public--His opinion that elucidation is the function of criticism--Use of historical illustration--Hesitation about analysing poetry--Political criticism--Verdict of his contemporaries on his criticism--Influence as a critic--Literary prophecies--Character of his critical work as a whole--His attitude towards it--Lack of system--Broad fields he covered--His greatness a reason for the importance of his criticism.

Important as Scott's poetry was in the English Romantic revival, as a critic he can hardly be counted among the Romanticists. His attitude, nevertheless, differed radically from that of the school represented by Jeffrey and Gifford. We have already seen that he disliked their manner of reviewing, and that he was conscious of complete disagreement with Jeffrey in regard to poetic ideals. Of Jeffrey Mr. Gates has said: "[He] rarely _appreciates_ a piece of literature.... He is always for or against his author; he is always making points."[460] That Scott was influenced in his early critical work by the tone of the _Edinburgh Review_ is undeniable, but temperamentally he was inclined to give any writer a fair chance to stir his emotions; and he did not adopt the magisterial mood that dictated the famous remark, "This will never do." Scott's style lacked the adroitness and pungency which helped Jeffrey successfully to take the attitude of the censor, and which made his satire triumphant among his contemporaries. Scott declined, moreover, to cultivate skill in a method which he considered unfair. Compared with Jeffrey's his criticism wanted incisiveness, but it wears better.

The period was transitional, and Jeffrey did not go so far as Scott in breaking away from the dictation of his predecessors. But his attitude was on the whole more modern than the reader would infer from the following sentence in one of his earliest reviews: "Poetry has this much at least in common with religion, that its standards were fixed long ago by certain inspired writers, whose authority it is no longer lawful to call in question."[461] He considered himself rather an interpreter of public opinion than a judge defining ancient legislation, but he used the opinion of himself and like-minded men as an unimpeachable test of what the greater public ought to believe in regard to literature. We may remember that the enthusiasm over the Elizabethan dramatists which seems a special property of Lamb and Hazlitt, and which Scott shared, was characteristic also of Jeffrey himself. It was Jeffrey's dogmatism and his repugnance to certain fundamental ideas which were to become dominant in the poetry of the nineteenth century that lead us to consider him one of the last representatives of the eighteenth century critical tradition. Scott praised the Augustan writers as warmly as Jeffrey did, but he was more hospitable to the newer literary impulse. "Perhaps the most damaging accusation that can be made against Jeffrey as a critic," says Mr. Gates, "is inability to read and interpret the age in which he lived."[462]

Scott's criticism was largely appreciative, but appreciative on a somewhat different plane from that of the contemporary critics whom we are accustomed to place in a more modern school: Hazlitt, Hunt, Lamb, and Coleridge. His judgments were less delicate and subtle than the judgments of these men were apt to be, and more "reasonable" in the eighteenth-century sense; they were marked, however, by a regard for the imagination that would have seemed most unreasonable to many men of the eighteenth century.

Scott had not a fixed theory of literature which could dominate his mind when he approached any work. He was open-minded, and in spite of his extreme fondness for the poetry of Dr. Johnson he was apt to be on the Romantic side in any specific critical utterance. We have seen also that he resembled the Romanticists in his power to disengage his verdicts on literature from ethical considerations. On the other hand he seems always to have deferred to the standard authorities of the classical criticism of his time when his own knowledge was not sufficient to guide him. In discussing Roscommon's Essay on Translated Verse he wrote: "It must be remembered that the rules of criticism, now so well known as to be even trite and hackneyed, were then almost new to the literary world."[463]

Perhaps the main reason why one would not class Scott's critical work with that of the Romanticists is that he had no desire to proclaim a new era in creative literature or in criticism. Like the Romanticists he was ready to substitute "for the absolute method of judging by reference to an external standard of 'taste,' a method at once imaginative and historical";[464] yet he talked less about imagination than about good sense. The comparison with Boileau suggests itself, for Scott admired that critic in the conventional fashion, calling him "a supereminent authority,"[465] and Boileau also had said much about "reason and good sense." But Scott had an appreciation of the _furor poeticus_ that made "good sense" quite a different thing to him from what it was to Boileau. He did not say, moreover, that the poet should be supremely characterized by good sense, but that the critic, recognizing the facts about human emotion, should make use of that quality.

The subjective process by which experience is transmuted into literature engaged Scott's attention very little: in this respect also he stands apart from the newer school of critics. The metaphysical description of imagination or fancy interested him less than the piece of literature in which these qualities were exhibited. His own mental activities were more easily set in motion than analysed, and the introspective or philosophical attitude of mind was unnatural to him. Because of his adoption of the historical method of studying literature, and the similarity of many of his judgments to those which were in general characteristic of the Romantic school, we may say that Scott's criticism looks forward; but it shows the influence of the earlier period in its acceptance of traditional judgments based on external standards which disregarded the nature of the creative process.

From Coleridge Scott is separated in the most definite way. Coleridge began at the foundation, building up a set of principles such as the new impulse in literature seemed to demand. Scott preferred the concrete, and was stimulated by the particular book to express opinions that would never have come to his mind as the result of pursuing a train of unembodied ideas. Coleridge's judgments, moreover, would be unaffected by public estimation, for he sought to found them on the spiritual and philosophic consciousness that exists apart from the crowd.[466] Scott, on the other hand, was ready to use popular judgment as an important test of his opinions. Coleridge himself pointed out another interesting contrast. He wrote: "Dear Sir Walter Scott and myself were exact, but harmonious opposites in this;--that every old ruin, hill, river, or tree, called up in his mind a host of historical or biographical associations, ... whereas, for myself, notwithstanding Dr. Johnson, I believe I should walk over the plain of Marathon without taking more interest in it than in any other plain of similar features."[467] We might perhaps say that Coleridge's affection was given to ideas, Scott's, to objects; hence Coleridge was a critic of literary principles and theories, Scott a critic of individual books and writers. It follows that Scott was on the whole an impressionistic critic. A study of his personality is essential to a consideration of his critical work, for he was not so much a systematic student of literature, guided by fixed principles, as a man of a certain temperament who read particular things and made particular remarks about them as he felt inclined. The inconsistencies and contradictions which would naturally result from such a procedure are occasionally noticeable, but they are fewer than would occur in the work of a less well-balanced man than himself.

His ideas about criticism were influenced by his feeling that the judgment of the public would after all take its own course, and that it was in the long run the best criterion. He used his opinion that an author, even in his own lifetime, commonly receives fair treatment from the public, as an argument against establishing in England any literary body having the power of pensioning literary men.[468] On this subject he said, "There is ... really no occasion for encouraging by a society the competition of authors. The land is before them, and if they really have merit they seldom fail to conquer their share of public applause and private profit.... I cannot, in my knowledge of letters, recollect more than two men whose merit is undeniable while, I am afraid, their circumstances are narrow. I mean Coleridge and Maturin."

Scott's whole attitude toward criticism shows that he felt its supreme function to be elucidation. It should also, he believed, warn the world against books that were foolish, or pernicious, intellectually or morally; but unless there were good reason for issuing such warnings the bad books should be ignored and the good treated sympathetically, not without such discrimination as should distinguish between the better and the worse in them, but with emphasis on the better. His literary creed, though not formulated into a system, was conscious and fairly definite; but it consisted of general principles which never resolved themselves into intricate subtleties requiring great space for their development. Scott could not think in that way, and he felt convinced that such thinking was useless and worse than useless. A magazine-writer of his own period who said of him,--"The author of _Waverley_, we apprehend, has neither the patience nor the disposition requisite for writing philosophically upon any subject,"[469] was mistaken, for much of Scott's criticism, without making any pretensions, is really philosophical. But any fine-drawn analysis seemed to him to serve the vanity of the critic rather than the need of the public; and he despised that arrogance in the critic which leads him to assume to direct literary taste.

Historical illustration was that kind of editorial work which he found most congenial, and which harmonized best with his critical principles; for when he could bring definite facts to the service of elucidation he felt that he was doing something worth while. Among all the introductions and annotations that we have from his hand, including those of the _Dryden_ and the _Swift_, this kind of explanation greatly predominates over the more strictly literary comment; in his reviews, also, it is evident that he seized every opportunity for turning from literary to historical discussion. He was in the habit of "embroidering the subject, whatever it might be, with lively anecdotic illustration,"[470] as one of his biographers says. We are not to conclude that in writing on specifically literary subjects he felt ill at ease. He felt, on the contrary, that the objection lay in the too great ease with which the critic might become dictatorial. He was fond enough of details when they were concrete and vital. The facts of literary history were in this category to him, as distinguished from the notions of literary theory; and we find that his critical principles are apt to appear incidentally among remarks on what seemed to him the more tangible and important facts of literary and social history. The books he chose to review were chiefly those which gave him a chance to use his historical information and imagination. His ideas were concrete, as those of a great novelist must inevitably be. Indeed the dividing line between creative work and criticism seems often to be obliterated in Scott's literary discussions, since he was inclined to amplify and illustrate instead of dissecting the book under consideration. As a critic he was distinguished by the qualities which appear in his novels, and which may be described in Hazlitt's words, as "the most amazing retentiveness of memory, and vividness of conception of what would happen, be seen, and felt by everybody in given circumstances."[471]

Scott felt that there was especial danger of futile theorizing in the criticism of poetry. In writing about _Alexander's Feast_ he discussed for a moment the possibility of detecting points at which the author had paused in his work, but almost immediately he stopped himself with the characteristic remark--"There may be something fanciful ... in this reasoning, which I therefore abandon to the reader's mercy; only begging him to observe, that we have no mode of estimating the exertions of a quality so capricious as a poetic imagination."[472] Early in his career he gave this rather over-amiable explanation of the fact that he had never undertaken to review poetry: "I am sensible there is a greater difference of tastes in that department than in any other, and that there is much excellent poetry which I am not nowadays able to read without falling asleep, and which would nevertheless have given me great pleasure at an earlier period of my life. Now I think there is something hard in blaming the poor cook for the fault of our own palate or deficiency of appetite."[473] We have seen that he did review poetry afterwards, but that he was inclined to do it with the least possible emphasis on the specifically aesthetic elements. On the subject of novel-writing he developed a somewhat fuller critical theory, but here also his discussions concerned themselves rather with the kind of ideas set forth than with the manner of presentation.

It does indeed seem as if Scott's feelings were more easily aroused to the point of formulating "laws" in the field of political criticism than in that which appears to us his more legitimate sphere. He has his fling, to be sure, at Madame de Staël, because she "lived and died in the belief that revolutions were to be effected, and countries governed, by a proper succession of clever pamphlets."[474] But in proposing the establishment of the _Quarterly Review_ he made no secret of the fact that his motives were political. The literary aspect of the periodical was thought of as a subordinate, though a necessary and not unimportant phase of the undertaking. The _Letters of Malachi Malagrowther_ contain some very definite maxims on the subject of political economy, and just as decided are the remarks made in the last of _Paul's Letters_, as well as in the _Life of Napoleon_ and elsewhere, as to how Louis XVIII. ought to set about the task of calming his distracted kingdom of France. But however emphatic Scott may be in the comments on government which appear throughout his writings, he was as strongly averse in this matter as in literary affairs to any separation of philosophy from fact: his maxims are always derived from experience. The following statement of opinion is typical: "In legislating for an ancient people, the question is not, what is the best possible system of law, but what is the best they can bear. Their habitudes and prejudices must always be respected; and, whenever it is practicable, those prejudices, instead of being destroyed, ought to be taken as the basis of the new regulations."[475]

It was Scott's political creed that roused the ire of such men as Hazlitt and Hunt, though they may also have been exasperated at the unprecedented success of poetry which seemed so facile and so superficial to them as Scott's. Leigh Hunt calls him "a poet of a purely conventional order," "a bitter and not very large-minded politician," "a critic more agreeable than subtle."[476] But Scott's politics may be looked at in another way. "In his patriotism," says Mr. Courthope, "his passionate love of the past, and his reverence for established authority, literary or political, Scott is the best representative among English men of letters of Conservatism in its most generous form."[477]

Though it seems to have been a common opinion among the literary men of his own time that Scott's criticism was superficial, his knowledge of mediaeval literature was, as we have seen, recognized and respected. Favorable comments by his contemporaries on other parts of his critical work are not difficult to find. For example, Gifford wrote to Murray in regard to the article on _Lady Suffolk's Correspondence_: "Scott's paper is a clever, sensible thing--the work of a man who knows what he is about."[478] Isaac D'Israeli made the following observation on another of Scott's papers: "The article on Pepys, after so many have been written, is the only one which, in the most charming manner possible, shows the real value of these works, which I can assure you many good scholars have no idea of."[479] A more recent verdict may be set beside those just quoted, and it is in perfect agreement with them. "His critical faculty," says Professor Saintsbury, "if not extraordinarily subtle, was always as sound and shrewd as it was good-natured."[480]

Scott's influence as a critic was not very great, but his creative work exerted a strong influence on criticism as well as on the whole intellectual life of his age. His own novels demanded of the critic that kind of appreciation of the large qualities and negligence of the small which he had insisted on considering the function of criticism; and they became a fact in literature which determined to some degree the attitude taken toward ephemeral ideas. Newman notes the popularity of Scott's novels as one of the influences which prepared the ground for the Tractarian movement, for Scott enriched the visions of men by his pictures of the past, gave them noble ideas, and created a desire for a greater richness of spiritual life.[481] Much of his criticism also was inspired by the wish to construct an adequate picture of the past; so far it worked in the same direction with the novels. Its most important offices aside from this were perhaps to present large and kindly views of literature and literary characters, especially through biographical essays; and to ameliorate somewhat the prevailing asperity of periodical criticism.

A man of Scott's temperament was little likely to set himself up for a prophet, and probably no literary prophecies of his were in the least influential. Though he sometimes boasted that he understood the varying currents of popular taste, his experience in the publishing business taught him the fallibility of his impressions when the work of writers other than himself was concerned. He once wrote,--"The friends who know me best, and to whose judgment I am myself in the constant habit of trusting, reckon me a very capricious and uncertain judge of poetry; and I have had repeated occasion to observe that I have often failed in anticipating the reception of poetry from the public."[482] But it is beyond the strength of flesh and blood to resist saying things about the future sometimes, and Scott occasionally yielded to the temptation, helped, no doubt, by his amiability. Southey's _Madoc_, however, has not yet assumed that place at the feet of Milton which, as we have seen, he ventured to predict for it. Yet, if we may trust the memory of one of his friends, Scott foresaw the literary success of two of his greatest contemporaries. R.P. Gillies said in his _Recollections_: "I remember well how correct Scott's impressions were of such beginners in the literary world as had not then acquired any fixed character. Of Lord Byron he had from the first a favourable impression.... Of Wordsworth he always spoke favourably, insisting that he was a true poet, but predicting that it would be long ere his works obtained the praise which they merited from the public."[483] Scott explicitly prided himself on two of his prophecies: that Washington Irving would make a name for himself, and that Sir Arthur Wellesley would become known as an extraordinary man.

Though Scott's critical work is comparatively little known, and though it presents no solidly organized front by which the public may be impressed, the opinions of so notable a writer have always had a certain weight. Mr. Churton Collins thinks Scott's judgment on Dunbar has led modern editors to indulge in very exaggerated statements concerning the merit of that poet.[484] A heavier charge has been laid at Scott's door on the score of his edition of the _Memoirs of Captain Carleton_. He concluded on very insufficient evidence, says Colonel Parnell, that these memoirs were genuinely historical, published them as such, and by the weight of his opinion falsified "the whole stream of nineteenth-century history bearing on the reign of Queen Anne."[485] Stanhope, Macaulay, and other historians were ready to accept Scott's judgment without further investigation, it seems; and if the accusation be true we may conclude that his influence as a critic has reached farther than might at first sight appear. Yet we may be content to follow his lead in general, except in those bits of enthusiasm over his friends which bear witness to a generously optimistic nature rather than to a rigid critical attitude such as we should hardly demand in any case from a man of letters commenting on his contemporaries and friends. George Ticknor was greatly impressed by the "right-mindedness" of the young Sophia Scott,[486] and we may fairly adopt the word to describe the father whom she so much resembled. There was in him, as Carlyle said, "such a sunny current of true humour and humanity, a free joyful sympathy with so many things; what of fire he had all lying so beautifully latent, as radical latent heat, as fruitful internal warmth of life;--a most robust, healthy man!"[487]

Writers upon Scott have made much, perhaps too much, of his feeling that his position as a landed gentleman was more enviable than his prominence as a writer. The point would be of greater consequence if it performed so important a function in explaining his work as has commonly been assigned to it. We are told that he wrote much and hastily because he wanted money to establish and support an estate; but the truth is that if he wrote at all he had to write in this way. He justly believed that he could do his best work so. Yet it was a natural result of his facility that he should look upon the literature he produced as of comparatively little moment. Some of his remarks about his critical work, however, show that he really regarded creative writing as the business of his life, and that in contrast with it he considered his criticism a relief from more arduous labor. After the publication of _Marmion_ he wrote: "I have done with poetry for some time--it is a scourging crop, and ought not to be hastily repeated. Editing, therefore, may be considered as a green crop of turnips or peas, extremely useful for those whose circumstances do not admit of giving their farm a summer fallow."[488] After years of novel-writing he said of writing a review, "No one that has not laboured as I have done on imaginary topics can judge of the comfort afforded by walking on all-fours, and being grave and dull."[489]

From what Scott said about Dryden as a critic we may conclude that the unsystematic character of his own scholarly work may have been a matter of principle as well as inclination. "Dryden," he wrote, "forebore, from prudence, indolence, or a regard for the freedom of Parnassus, to erect himself into a legislator."[490] The words remind us of comments made upon Scott's own work, as for example by Professor Masson, who spoke of "the shrewdness and sagacity of some of his critical prefaces to his novels, where he discusses principles of literature without seeming to call them such."[491] Scott was quick to notice "cant and slang"[492] in the professional language of men in all arts; and he valued most highly the remarks of those whose intelligence had not been overlaid by a conventional pedantry.

Knowing that criticism was not the main business of his life, we are inclined to be surprised at the broad fields which he seemed to have no hesitation in entering upon. His remarkable memory doubtless had something to do with this, but he lived in a period when generalization was more possible and more permissible than it is in this era of special monographs. The large tendencies and characteristics that he traced in his essay on Romance, for instance, are undoubtedly to be qualified at numberless points, but writing when he did, Scott was comparatively untroubled by these limitations. Moreover, he had the gift of seeing things broadly, so that in essentials his survey remains true. But the amount of his work is almost as astonishing as its scope and variety. He could accomplish so much only by disregarding details of form; and that he did so we know from our study of his principles of composition, confirmed by the evidence of the passages from him that have here been quoted. It is clear, also, that he was not limited by that "horror of the obvious," which, as Mr. Saintsbury says, "bad taste at all times has taken for a virtue."[493] Beyond this we have to fall back for explanation on the unusual qualities of his mind. An observing friend said of him that, "With a degree of patience and quietude which are seldom combined with much energy, he could get through an incredible extent of literary labour."[494]

Every quality which made Scott a great man contributes to the interest and importance of his criticism. Such a body of criticism, formulated by a large creative genius, would be of special consequence if it served merely as the basis for a study of his other work, a commentary on the principles which underlay his whole literary achievement. But it would be strange if a man of Scott's intellectual personality could write criticism which was not important in itself, and we can only account for the general neglect of this part of his work by considering how large a place his poems and novels give him in the history of our literature. If he deserves a still larger place, we may remember with satisfaction that as a man he was great enough to support honorably any distinction won by his mind.

APPENDIX I.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The bibliography of Scott's writings is given in three parts, as follows:

1. Books which Scott wrote or edited, or to which he was an important contributor. The list is chronological.

2. Contributions to periodicals.

3. Books which contain letters written by Scott. These titles are arranged approximately in the order of their importance from the point of view of a study of Scott.

1. _Books which Scott wrote or edited, or to which he was an important contributor_.

(In the following list the first editions of the poems and novels are noted without bibliographical details. In the case of other works the main facts in regard to publication are given; and an attempt is made to indicate the nature of the books named, unless they have been discussed in the text.)

1796 The Chase and William and Helen. (Translated from Bürger.)

1799 Goetz of Berlichingen. (Translated from Goethe.)

Apology for Tales of Terror.

Twelve copies were privately printed, to exhibit the work of the Ballantyne press at Kelso. The title was occasioned by the delay in the publication of Matthew Lewis's Tales of Terror, and the little book contains poems which Scott had contributed to that work. (The contents are named in the Catalogue of the Centenary Exhibition.)

1800 The Eve of St. John, a Border ballad.

1802-3 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border; consisting of historical and romantic ballads, collected in the southern counties of Scotland; with a few of modern date founded upon local tradition.

3 vols. Vols. I and 2, Kelso, 1802; vol. 3, Edinburgh, 1803. Second edition, 1803. The book was republished frequently before 1830, when it was included in the collected edition of Scott's poems. It has also been reprinted independently since then several times. The latest and most complete edition is that published in 1902, edited by T.F. Henderson. Other books in which part of Scott's ballad material was used in such a way as to give his name a place on the title-page are named below:

Kinmont Willie: a Border ballad, with an historical introduction, by Sir Walter Scott. (Carlisle Tracts No. 6) Carlisle, 1841.

A Ballad Book by C.K. Sharpe. MDCCCXXIII. Reprinted with notes and ballads from the unpublished manuscripts of C.K. Sharpe and Sir Walter Scott ... edited by ... D. Laing. Edinburgh, 1880.

1804 Sir Tristrem: a metrical romance of the thirteenth century, by Thomas of Ercildoune, called the Rhymer. Edited from the Auchinleck manuscript by Walter Scott. Edinburgh.

Only 12 copies of Sir Tristrem were printed in the form in which Scott had intended to publish it, without the expurgation which his friends insisted upon. (_Letters to R. Polwhele_, etc., p. 18; _Lockhart_, I. 361). The following book contains a part of the same material:

A Penni worth of Witte, Florice and Blancheflour, and other pieces of ancient English poetry, selected from the Auchinleck manuscript. (With an account of the Auchinleck manuscript by Sir Walter Scott) Edinburgh, 1857. Printed for the Abbotsford Club.

1805 The Lay of the Last Minstrel.

1806 Original Memoirs written during the great civil war; being the life of Sir H. Slingsby, and memoirs of Capt. Hodgson. With notes, etc. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. [Poems which had already appeared in various collections.]

1808 Marmion.

Memoirs of Captain Carleton, ... including anecdotes of the war in Spain under the Earl of Peterborough, ... written by himself. Edinburgh. (8vo, but 25 copies were printed on large paper.) [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

Scott was probably mistaken in considering this to be a genuine autobiography. (See Col. Parnell's argument in _The English Historical Review_, vi:97.) It has been attributed to Defoe, and Col. Parnell attributes it to Swift, but the question of its authorship is still unsolved. The book was first published in 1728, but Scott used the edition of 1743, which he was so inaccurate as to take for the original edition; and as at that date Defoe had long been dead and Swift had lost his mind, the possibility of attributing it to either of them naturally would not occur to him. Scott wrote scarcely any notes, but his short introduction contains some interesting general reflections which are quoted by Lockhart.

The Works of John Dryden, now first collected; illustrated with notes, historical, critical and explanatory, and a life of the author, by Walter Scott, Esq. 18 vols. London.

Second edition, 18 vols., Edinburgh, 1821.

Another edition, revised and corrected by George Saintsbury, Edinburgh, 1882-1893.

The Life of John Dryden (4to, only 50 copies printed).

Memoirs of John Dryden, Paris, 1826.

Memoirs of Robert Carey, Earl of Monmouth, written by himself, and Fragmenta Regalia, being a history of Queen Elizabeth's favourites, by Sir Robert Naunton. With explanatory annotations. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

Scott contributed no introductions, but his notes are copious, especially with regard to the history of the Border. This is one of the books of which Scott is reported to have said to his publisher, Mr. Constable, "Did I not do Hodgson, Carey, Carleton, etc., to serve you; and did I ever ask or receive any remuneration?" (_Ballantyne's Refutation_, etc., p. 76.)

Queenhoo-Hall, a romance; and Ancient Times, a drama. By the late Joseph Strutt, author of Rural Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. [Edited by Scott, who wrote a conclusion for Queenhoo-Hall. This conclusion is given in an appendix to the introduction of Waverley.] Edinburgh.

1809 The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler ... edited by Arthur Clifford ... to which is added a memoir of the life of Sir Ralph Sadler, with historical notes, by Walter Scott, Esq. 2 vols. Edinburgh. (Also the same work in 3 vols., with same date.)

The biography is included in all the editions of Scott's Prose Works.

The Life of Edward Lord Herbert of Cherbury, written by himself. With a prefatory memoir. Edinburgh; printed by James Ballantyne & Co. for John Ballantyne & Co. and John Murray. (A reprint of Walpole's edition, with the prefatory memoir added.)

It is a question whether Scott edited this book, but it has been ascribed to him, and is given under his name without hesitation in the British Museum catalogue. The prefatory memoir is short and largely made up of quotations, but it sounds as if Scott might have written it. The book is one to which he often refers. Mr. Sidney Lee, in his edition of the Autobiography, says merely, "Walpole's edition was reprinted in 1770, 1809, and in 1826." Reprinted in the Universal Library: Biography, vol. I, London, 1853.

1809-15 A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts on the most interesting and entertaining subjects: but chiefly such as relate to the history and constitution of these kingdoms. Selected from an infinite number in print and manuscript, in the Royal, Cotton, Sion, and other public, as well as private, libraries; particularly that of the late Lord Somers. The second edition, revised, augmented, and arranged by Walter Scott, Esq. 13 vols. London.

There are some additions. Scott says in the Advertisement: "The Memoirs of the Wars in the Low Countries by the gallant Williams, and the very singular account of Ireland by Derrick, are the most curious of those now published for the first time.... The introductory remarks and notes have been added by the present Editor, at the expense of some time and labour. It is needless to observe, that both have been expended upon a humble and unambitious, though not, it is hoped, an useless task. The object of the introductions was to present such a short and summary view of the circumstances under which the Historical and Controversial Tracts were respectively written, as to prevent the necessity of referring to other works. Such therefore, as refer to events of universal notoriety are but slightly and generally mentioned; such as concern less remarkable points of history are more fully explained. The Notes are in general illustrative of obscure passages, or brief notices of authorities, whether corroborative or contradictory of the text." The following book contains a part of the same material:

The Image of Irelande with a Discoverie of Woodkarne. By John Derricke, 1581. With Notes by Sir Walter Scott. Edited by John Small. Edinburgh, 1883. (See _Somers' Tracts_, Vol. I.)

1810 English Minstrelsy. Being a selection of fugitive poetry from the best English authors, with some original pieces hitherto unpublished. 2 vols. Edinburgh.

The Centenary Catalogue says that Scott and his friend William Erskine edited this book together. In the Advertisement the publishers (John Ballantyne & Co.) say: "To one eminent individual, whose name they do not venture to particularize, they are indebted for most valuable assistance in selection, arrangement, and contribution; and to that individual they take this opportunity to present the humble tribute of their thanks, for a series of kindnesses, of which that now acknowledged is among the least." There is no critical apparatus. The book contains original poems by Scott, Southey, Rogers, Joanna Baillie, and others not so well known.

The Lady of the Lake.

Memoirs of the Duke of Sully. Translated from the French [by Charlotte Lennox] ... a new edition ... corrected, with additional notes, some letters of Henry the Great, and a brief historical introduction embellished with portraits. 5 vols. London.

Another edition, 4 vols. London 1858, has these words on the title-page: "A new edition, revised and corrected; with additional notes, and an historical introduction, attributed to Sir Walter Scott." I have found no external evidence that Scott was the editor. The introduction sounds as if Scott wrote it, but that so much work could have been done by him without occasioning any record seems unlikely. There is a historical introduction of 35 pp., and copious notes. The book is one with which Scott was familiar. See Memoirs of Robert Carey, pp. 34 and 41.

The Poetical Works of Anna Seward, with extracts from her literary correspondence. Edited by Walter Scott, Esq. 3 vols. Edinburgh.

The biographical preface is given in the Miscellaneous Prose Works. The notes are by Miss Seward.

Ancient British Drama, in three volumes. London. (Printed for William Miller, by James Ballantyne & Co., Edinburgh.)

I find no evidence that Scott was the editor of this book, but it is sometimes ascribed to him in library catalogues. It contains merely a two-page introduction and brief notes, and a collection of plays. (See above, p. 52, note.)

1811 The Modern British Drama, in five volumes. London. (Printed for William Miller, by James Ballantyne & Co., Edinburgh.)

Vols. I and II, Tragedies, with introduction in vol. I.

Vols. III and IV, Comedies, with introduction in vol. III.

Vol. V, Operas and Farces, with introduction.

These volumes apparently belong to the same collection as the Ancient British Drama, noted above, and the external evidence for Scott's authorship is the same. But the introductions are fuller, and they sound very much like Scott. (See above, p. 52, note.)

The Vision of Don Roderick.

Memoirs of the Court of Charles II, by Count Grammont. With numerous additions and illustrations. London. [Edited by Scott.]

Reprinted in 1846, 1853, 1864. This last edition, in the Bohn Library, has about 100 pp. of historical notes.

Secret History of the Court of James the First. With notes and introductory remarks. 2 vols. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

The book contains 1. Osborne's Traditional Memoirs; 2. Sir Anthony Welldon's Court and Character of King James; 3. Aulicus Coquinariae; 4. Sir Edward Peyton's Divine Catastrophe of the House of Stuarts.

1813 Rokeby.

Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., by Sir Philip Warwick. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

The Bridal of Triermain.

1814 Illustrations of Northern Antiquities from the earlier Teutonic and Scandinavian romances, by Robert Jamieson ... with an abstract of the Eyrbyggja-Saga; being the early annals of that district of Iceland lying around the promontory called Sudefells, by Walter Scott. Edinburgh.

See also Northern Antiquities by P.H. Mallet, London, 1847; and the edition in Bohn's Library, 1890.

Lockhart says: "Any one who examines the share of the work which goes under Weber's name will see that Scott had a considerable hand in that also. The rhymed versions from the _Nibelungen Lied_ came, I can have no doubt, from his pen." (_Lockhart_, II, 320.)

The Works of Jonathan Swift, containing additional letters, tracts, and poems, not hitherto published; with notes and a life of the author, by Walter Scott. 19 vols. Edinburgh.

Second edition, revised, Edinburgh, 1824.

Memoirs of Jonathan Swift, Paris, 1826.

The Letting of Humour's Blood in the Head Vaine, etc. By Samuel Rowlands. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott. His name is not given, but the Advertisement is dated at Abbotsford.]

This is an exact reproduction of the 1611 edition, except for the addition of a few pages containing the Advertisement and the notes. Another edition was printed in 1815.

Waverley.

1814-17 The Border Antiquities of England and Scotland; comprising specimens of architecture and sculpture, and other vestiges of former ages, accompanied by descriptions. Together with illustrations of remarkable incidents in Border history and tradition, and original poetry. By Walter Scott, Esq. 2 vols. 4to. London.

Another edition, in 2 vols. folio, London, 1889.

Lockhart says the introduction to this work was written in 1817, but this is a mistake, for it is in the first volume, which was published in 1814.

1815 The Lord of the Isles.

Guy Mannering.

The Field of Waterloo.

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns, and Fairies, by Robert Kirk.

The attribution of this to Scott rests on a letter by George Ticknor, in Allibone's Dictionary (vol. II, p. 1967) in which he says: "Kirk's Secret Commonwealth, a curious tract, of about a hundred quarto pages, on Fairy Superstitions and second sight, originally published in 1691, and of which, in 1815, Mr. Scott had caused a hundred copies to be privately printed by the Ballantynes, with additions, a circumstance, I think, not noted by Lockhart." Mr. Lang thinks the book was never printed until 1815. (See his edition, London, 1893). This 1815 edition of 100 copies was made, he says, from a manuscript copy preserved in the Advocates' Library, for Longman & Co. He quotes one of Scott's references to the book, but does not intimate that Scott was the editor.

Memorie of the Somervilles; being a history of the baronial house of Somerville, by James, eleventh Lord Somerville. 2 vols. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

The additions by the editor consist of a short preface and abundant notes.

1816 Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk. Edinburgh.

These letters were anonymous, but Scott was always recognized as the author of them. They are contained in the Miscellaneous Prose Works.

The Antiquary.

Tales of my Landlord. First series: The Black Dwarf. Old Mortality.

1817 Harold the Dauntless.

Rob Roy.

1818 Tales of my Landlord. Second series: The Heart of Midlothian.

Burt's Letters from the North of Scotland ... the fifth edition, with a large appendix, containing various important historical documents, hitherto unpublished; with an introduction and notes, by the editor, R. Jamieson ... and the history of Donald the Hammerer, from an authentic account of the family of Invernahyle (by Scott: see a note accompanying the text). 2 vols. London.

Scott's contribution is short. See also Appendix IV, which is taken "from a manuscript in the possession of the Gartmore Family, communicated by Walter Scott Esq." Scott's name had become so valuable that the publishers tried to put it on the title-page of this book, to his great indignation. (See _Constable_, III, III, 119-20.)

1818-24 The Encyclopædia Britannica: Supplement. [For this work Scott wrote the following essays:] Chivalry, published in 1818; The Drama, published in 1819; Romance, published in 1824. (These are given in the Miscellaneous Prose Works.)

1819 Tales of my Landlord. Third series: The Bride of Lammermoor. A Legend of Montrose.

The Visionary, by Somnambulus. (A political satire in three letters, republished from the Edinburgh Weekly Journal.) Edinburgh.

Description of the Regalia of Scotland. Edinburgh.

This has been reprinted many times. It was included also in Provincial Antiquities.

Ivanhoe.

1819-26 The Provincial Antiquities and Picturesque Scenery of Scotland, with descriptive illustrations by Sir Walter Scott, Bart. [First published in ten parts between 1819 and 1826.] 2 vols. London, 1826. 4to.

1820 The Monastery.

The Abbot.

Memorials of the Haliburtons. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott anonymously.]

30 copies were printed in 1820, and 30 more in 1824.

Reprinted, London, 1877, for the Royal Historical Society, in Genealogical Memoirs of the Family of Sir Walter Scott, Bart., of Abbotsford, by the Rev. Charles Rogers, LL.D.

Trivial Poems and Triolets. Written in obedience to Mrs. Tomkin's commands. By Patrick Carey. London. [Edited by Scott. His name is not given, but the introduction is dated at Abbotsford.]

A thin 4to, with a short introduction and a few notes. A part of the material had been used in the Edinburgh Annual Register for 1810.

1821 Northern Memoirs, calculated for the meridian of Scotland. To which is added the contemplative and practical angler. Writ in the year 1658. By Richard Franck. A new edition, with preface and notes. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott.]

Kenilworth.

The Pirate.

1821-4 The Novelists' Library. Edited, with prefatory memoirs, by Sir Walter Scott. 10 vols. London.

Also Lives of the Novelists, 2 vols., Paris, 1825. A recent edition is that published, with an introduction by Austin Dobson, by the Oxford University Press (No. 94 in The World's Classics). When these Lives were issued among the Miscellaneous Prose Works some of the biographical prefaces were put with them, and also biographical notices, reprinted from the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, of Charles Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, John Lord Somerville, King George III, Lord Byron, and The Duke of York. I give below the names of certain books in which Scott's biographies were utilized, but the list is probably far from complete:

An Account of the death and funeral procession of Frederick Duke of York, etc. To which is subjoined Sir Walter Scott's Character of His Royal Highness. By John Sykes. Newcastle, 1827.

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, gentleman. By Laurence Sterne, A.M., with a life of the author, by Sir Walter Scott. Paris, 1832. (Baudry's Foreign Library.)

Beauties of Sterne, with some account of his writings by Sir Walter Scott. Amsterdam, 1836.

Select Works of Smollett. Memoir by Sir W. Scott. Philadelphia, 1849.

The Novels and Miscellaneous Works of Daniel De Foe. With a biographical memoir of the author, literary prefaces to the various pieces, illustrative notes, etc., including all contained in the edition attributed to the late Sir Walter Scott, with considerable additions. 20 vols., London, 1840.

The Novels and Miscellaneous Works of Daniel de Foe. With prefaces and notes, including those attributed to Sir Walter Scott. 6 vols., London, 1854-6. (Bonn's British Classics.)

The Rambler, by Samuel Johnson LL.D., with a sketch of the author's life by Sir Walter Scott. 2 vols., London, 187?

1822 Chronological Notes of Scottish Affairs, from 1680 till 1701; being chiefly taken from the diary of Lord Fountainhall. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott.]

See Historical Notices of Scotish Affairs, selected from the manuscripts of Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, bart. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1848, printed for the Bannatyne club. Here Scott's edition is referred to, and his introduction is reprinted. The book was re-edited because Scott did not use the original manuscript, but an interpolated transcript, and he had no means for accurately determining the original text.

Halidon Hill, a dramatic sketch.

Macduff's Cross (in Joanna Baillie's Poetical Miscellanies).

Military Memoirs of the Great Civil War. Being the military memoirs of John Gwynne; and an account of the Earl of Glencairn's expedition, as general of His Majesty's forces, in the highlands of Scotland, in the years 1653 and 1654, by a person who was eye and ear witness to every transaction.... Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott. His name is not given, but the introduction is dated at Abbotsford.]

There are some notes, and a short historical introduction.

Sketch of the Life and Character of the late Lord Kinneder. [Edited by Scott. A postscript says: "This notice was chiefly drawn up by the late Mr. Hay Donaldson."] Edinburgh.

Only a few copies were printed, for private distribution.

The Fortunes of Nigel.

1823 Peveril of the Peak.

Quentin Durward.

St. Ronan's Well.

1824 Lays of the Lindsays, being poems by the ladies of the House of Balcarras. Edinburgh. [Edited by Scott, and designed as a contribution to the Bannatyne Club, but suppressed after being printed.]

Redgauntlet.

1825 Auld Robin Gray; a ballad. By the Rt. Honourable Lady Anne Barnard, born Lady Anne Lindsay, of Balcarras. [Edited by Scott for the Bannatyne Club.]

Tales of the Crusaders: The Betrothed. The Talisman.

1826 Letters of Malachi Malagrowther on the Currency. (To the editor of the Edinburgh Weekly Journal.) 3 parts. Edinburgh.

Woodstock.

1826? Shakspeare [edited by Scott and Lockhart?], volumes II, III, and IV, without title page and date. Printed by James Ballantyne & Co.

Scott and Lockhart began in 1823 or 1824 to prepare an edition of Shakspere. In Jan., 1825, Constable wrote to a London bookseller: "It gives me great pleasure to tell you that the first sheet of Sir Walter Scott's Shakspeare is now in type ... This I expect will be a first-rate property." (_Constable's Correspondence_, II, 344.) At the time of Constable's bankruptcy in 1826 there was a disagreement in regard to the ownership of the property. Scott wrote to Lockhart, May 30, 1826, "What do you about Shakspeare? Constable's creditors seem desirous to carry it on. Certainly their bankruptcy breaks the contract. For me _c'est égal_: I have nothing to do with the emoluments, and I can with very little difficulty discharge my part of the matter, which is the Prolegomena, and Life and Times." (Lang's _Lockhart_, I, 409.) In 1827 the question of carrying on the work was still undecided, and it was also mentioned in a letter in 1830. (Lang's _Lockhart_ II, 13 and 59). The project was ultimately abandoned, and the fate of that part of the work which was actually in print is unknown. In the Barton Collection in the Boston Public Library is preserved what is perhaps a unique copy of three volumes of the set of ten that Scott and Lockhart undertook to prepare. But as the books are bound up without title-pages, and as the commentary contains nothing that would determine its authorship, the attribution is probable rather than certain. These volumes include twelve of the comedies. On the fly-leaf of one of them is a note written by Mr. Rodd, a London bookseller. He says: "I purchased these three volumes from a sale at Edinburgh. They were entered in the catalogue as 'Shakespeare's Works, edited by Sir Walter Scott and Lockhart, vols. ii, in, iv, all published, _unique_'." It was not positively known that such a work had been planned until the publication of Constable's _Correspondence_ in 1874. At that time Justin Winsor wrote a letter to the _Boston Advertiser_ (March 21, 1874) in which he said: "The account of the Barton collection, which was printed fifteen years ago, contained the earliest public mention, I believe, of the supposition that Scott ever engaged in such a work, which this life of Constable now renders certain. These later corroborative statements give a peculiar interest to the volumes which are now in this library and which are perhaps the only ones of the edition now in existence." The introductions to the plays are each only a page or two long, and are mainly, like the notes, compilations. The book corresponds fairly well with the description given in _Constable_. (See Vol. III, pp. 183, 193, 237-8, 241, 242, 244, 246, 305, 321, 442. See also Lang's _Lockhart_, I, 308-9, 395-6, and Lang's Introduction to _Peveril of the Peak_.)

1827 The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of the French. With a preliminary view of the French Revolution. By the author of Waverley. 9 vols. Edinburgh.

Chronicles of the Canongate. First series: The Highland Widow. The Two Drovers. The Surgeon's Daughter

Memoirs of the Marchioness de la Rochejaquelin. Translated from the French. Edinburgh. (Constable's Miscellany, Vol. V. Introduction and notes by Scott.)

The Miscellaneous Prose Works of Sir Walter Scott.

6 vols. Edinburgh, 1827, and Boston, 1829.

9 vols. Paris, 1827-34.

30 vols. London, 1834-46. (Containing many of the reviews contributed by Scott to periodicals.)

Same, first 28 vols. (Omitting the Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft.) Edinburgh, 1842-6, 1851, and 1861.

7 vols. Paris, 1837-8.

8 vols. Paris, 1840?

3 vols. Edinburgh, 1841-2, 1846, and 1854.

1827-55 The Bannatyne Miscellany; containing original papers and tracts relating to the history and literature of Scotland. (Edited by Sir Walter Scott, D. Laing, and T. Thomson.) 3 vols.

1828 Tales of a Grandfather. First series. 3 vols. Edinburgh. Religious Discourses. By a layman. London.

Two sermons written by Sir Walter for George Huntly Gordon, then a Probationer. Afterwards published by Gordon, with the author's permission, to raise money.

Chronicles of the Canongate. Second series: The Fair Maid of Perth.

Proceedings in the Court-martial held upon John, Master of Sinclair, captain-lieutenant in Preston's regiment, for the murder of Ensign Schaw of the same regiment, and Captain Schaw, of the Royals, 17 October, 1708; with correspondence respecting that transaction. Edinburgh.

Edited by Sir Walter Scott and presented by him to the Roxburghe club. Some of the same material seems to have been used in the book named below:

Memoirs of the Insurrection in 1715, by John, Master of Sinclair. With notes by Sir Walter Scott. Edinburgh, 1858, printed for the Abbotsford Club.

1829 Papers relative to the Regalia of Scotland. Edinburgh. Edited by Sir Walter Scott and presented to the members of the Bannatyne Club by William Bell, Esq.

Memorials of George Bannatyne, 1545-1608. Edited by Sir Walter Scott for the Bannatyne Club. Edinburgh.

Scott wrote the memoir of George Bannatyne which occupies the first 25 pages of the book. This memoir is also to be found in the publications of the Hunterian Club, part 8, published in 1886.

Anne of Geierstein.

Tales of a Grandfather. Second series.

1829-32 Novels, Tales, and Romances, with introductions and notes by the author. (The "Opus Magnum.")

The same material is used in the following books:

Introductions and notes and illustrations to the novels, tales, and romances of the author of Waverley. 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1833.

Autobiography of Sir Walter Scott. Philadelphia, 1831. Anderson, in his bibliography of Scott, gives this as a supposititious work, but with the exception of the title it is genuine, for it is simply the piecing together of Scott's introductions to his novels.

1830 Tales of a Grandfather. Third series.

The Doom of Devorgoil, and Auchindrane or The Ayrshire Tragedy.

Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft, addressed to J.G. Lockhart, Esq. London. (The Family Library.)

Other editions: New York, 1845; London, 1868 and 1876, (illustrated by Cruikshank); London 1884, with an introduction by Henry Morley. Included in the 30 vol. edition of the Miscellaneous Prose works, but not in the 28 vol. edition.

Poems, with prefaces by the author. 11 vols. Introductory Remarks on Popular Poetry (prefixed to Minstrelsy, Vol. I) and Essay on Imitations of the Ancient Ballad (prefixed to Minstrelsy, Vol. III).

These essays were printed in 1830 and attached to the edition of the poems then on sale. They were first regularly included in the edition of 1833.

The History of Scotland. (Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopedia.) 2 vols. London. [Not in the Miscellaneous Prose Works.]

1831 Tales of a Grandfather. Fourth series. History of France.

The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D., including a Journal of his Tour to the Hebrides, by James Boswell, Esq. New edition with numerous anecdotes and notes by The Right Hon. John Wilson Croker, M.P.... 10 vols. London. [Scott wrote and signed the notes for the Tour to the Hebrides.]

Trial of Duncan Terig, alias Clerk, and Alexander Bane Macdonald, for the murder of Arthur Davis, Sergeant in General Guise's regiment of foot. June, A.D. 1754. Edinburgh.

"To the members of the Bannatyne Club, this copy of a trial, involving a curious point of evidence, is presented, by Walter Scott." There is an introduction of 11 pages, giving the story of the crime, and bringing together instances from literature and history of the evidence of ghosts being cited in trials. That is the "curious point of evidence" referred to. The proceedings of the court are then reprinted without annotation.

1832 Tales of my Landlord. Fourth series: Count Robert of Paris. Castle Dangerous.

1848 Two Bannatyne Garlands from Abbotsford.

This little book was prepared for members of the Bannatyne club by the secretary, D. Laing. It contains two ballads--of which one is ancient and one a modern imitation written by Robert Surtees--annotated by Scott.

1889 Reliquiae Trottosienses, or Catalogue of the Gabions of the late Jonathan Oldbuck. (Partially published in _Harper's Magazine_ for April, 1889: Vol. lxxviii, pp. 778-788. This fragment describing the main apartments at Abbotsford is the only part of the Reliquiae Trottosienses that has been printed. There is a short introduction by Mary Monica Maxwell Scott.)

The same material was included in the following book: Abbotsford, the personal relics and antiquarian treasures of Sir Walter Scott, described by the Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell Scott. London, 1893.

1890 The Journal of Sir Walter Scott, from the original manuscript at Abbotsford. (Edited by David Douglas.) 2 vols. Edinburgh.

Second edition, 1891. Large extracts from this Journal had previously been published in Lockhart's Life of Scott.

2. _Contributions to Periodicals_.

(a) Reviews

(Most of these essays are reprinted in the 28 and 30 volume editions of Scott's Miscellaneous Prose Works. Articles not included in that collection are marked by a note indicating the evidence on which they are attributed to Scott.)

1803 Amadis de Gaul, translated by Southey and by Rose. (_Edinburgh Review_, October. Vol. III.)

Sibbald's Chronicle of Scottish Poetry. (_Edinburgh_, October. Vol. III. Not in M.P.W. See Lockhart, Vol. I, p. 335.)

1804 Godwin's Life of Chaucer. (_Edinburgh_, January. Vol. III.)

Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poets. (_Edinburgh_, April. Vol. IV.)

The Life and Works of Chatterton. (_Edinburgh_, April. Vol. IV.)

1805 Johnes's Translation of Froissart. (_Edinburgh_, January. Vol. V.)

Colonel Thornton's Sporting Tour. (_Edinburgh_, January. Vol. V.)

Fleetwood, a novel by William Godwin. (_Edinburgh_, April. Vol. VI.)

The New Practice of Cookery. (_Edinburgh_, July. Vol. VI.)

The Ossianic Poems. (_Edinburgh_, July. Vol. VI. Not in M.P.W. See Lockhart, Vol. I, p. 409.)

Todd's Edition of Spenser. (_Edinburgh_, October. Vol. VII.)

1806 Ellis's Specimens of English Romance, and Ritson's Ancient English Metrical Romances. (_Edinburgh_, January. Vol. VII.)

The Miseries of Human Life. [By Rev. James Beresford.] (_Edinburgh_, October. Vol. IX.)

Miscellaneous Poetry by the Hon. William Herbert. (_Edinburgh_, October. Vol. IX.)

1809 Reliques of Burns, collected by R.H. Cromek. (_Quarterly Review_, February. Vol. I.)

Southey's Translation of The Cid. (_Quarterly_, February. Vol. I.)

Sir John Carr's Caledonian Sketches. (_Quarterly_, February. Vol. I.)

Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming and other poems. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. I.)

John de Lancaster, a novel by Richard Cumberland. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. I.)

The Battles of Talavera, a poem [by John Wilson Croker]. (_Quarterly_, November. Vol. II.)

1810 The Fatal Revenge or The Family of Montorio, a romance [by C.R. Maturin]. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. III.)

Collections of Ballads and Songs by R.H. Evans and John Aiken. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. III.)

1811 Southey's Curse of Kehama. (_Quarterly_, February. Vol. V.)

1815 Emma and other novels by Jane Austen. (_Quarterly_, October. Vol. XIV. Not in M.P.W. See Lockhart, Vol. IV, p. 3.)

1816 The Culloden Papers. (_Quarterly_, January. Vol. XIV.)

Childe Harold, Canto III, and other poems by Lord Byron. (_Quarterly_, October. Vol. XVI.)

1817 Tales of My Landlord. [Probably written with the help of William Erskine. See Lockhart, Vol. III, p. 81. See also the Introduction to Waverley, written in 1830.] (_Quarterly_, January. Vol. XVI.)

1818 Douglas on Military Bridges. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. XVIII. Not in M.P.W. See Lockhart, Vol. III, p. 173.)

Kirkton's History of the Church of Scotland, edited by C.K. Sharpe. (_Quarterly_, May. Vol. XVIII.)

Letters from Horace Walpole to George Montague. (_Quarterly_, April. Vol. XIX. Not in M.P.W. See Memoir of John Murray, Vol. II, p. 12.)

Childe Harold, Canto IV. (_Quarterly_, April. Vol. XIX.)

Women or Pour et Contre, a tale [by C.R. Maturin]. (_Edinburgh_, June. Vol. XXX.)

Frankenstein, a novel [by Mrs. Shelley]. (_Blackwood_, March. Vol. II.)

Remarks on General Gourgaud's Narrative. (_Blackwood_, November. Vol. IV. Not in M.P.W. See Lockhart, Vol. III, p. 238.)

1824 The Correspondence of Lady Suffolk. (_Quarterly_, January. Vol. XXX.)

1826 Pepys' Diary. (_Quarterly_, March. Vol. XXXIII.) Boaden's Life of Kemble, and Kelly's Reminiscences. (_Quarterly_, June. Vol. XXXIV.)

The Omen [by John Galt]. (_Blackwood_, July. Vol. XX.)

1827 Mackenzie's Life and Works of John Home. (_Quarterly_, June. Vol. XXXVI.)

The Forester's Guide, by Robert Monteath. On Planting Waste Lands. (_Quarterly_, October. Vol. XXXVI.)

On the Supernatural in Fictitious Composition, and particularly on the Works of Hoffman. (_Foreign Quarterly Review_, July. Vol. I.)

See also Contes Fantastiques de E.T.A. Hoffmann, traduits de l'Allemand par M. Loève-Veimars, et précédés d'une notice historique sur Hoffmann par Walter Scott. Paris, 1830. 16 vols.

1828 The Planter's Guide, by Sir Henry Steuart. On Landscape Gardening. (_Quarterly_, March. Vol. XXXVII.)

Sir Humphrey Davy's Salmonia or Days of Fly-fishing. (_Quarterly_, October. Vol. XXXVIII.)

Molière. (_Foreign Quarterly Review_, February. Vol. II.)

1829 Hajji Baba in England; and The Kuzzilbash, a tale of Khorasan. (_Quarterly_, January. Vol. XXXIX.)

Ritson's Annals of the Caledonians, Picts, and Scots, etc. (_Quarterly_, July. Vol. XLI.)

Tytler's History of Scotland. (_Quarterly_, November. Vol. XLI.)

Revolutions of Naples in 1647 and 1648. (_Foreign Quarterly Review_, August. Vol. IV. Not in M.P.W. See Journal, Vol. I, p. 145, and Vol. II, p. 278.)

1830 Southey's Life of John Bunyan. (_Quarterly_, October. Vol. XLIII.)

1831 Pitcairn's Ancient Criminal Trials. (_Quarterly_, February. Vol. XLIV.)

(b) Contributions to the Edinburgh Annual Register

(The dates given are those on the volumes. In most cases the book was issued about a year and a half after the nominal date. Most of Scott's contributions are unsigned. Those which were afterwards included in the collected edition of his poems are in this list marked "Poems"; in other cases (unless the article is signed) a note is made of the reason for attributing it to Scott).

1808 Vol. I, part 2.

The Bard's Incantation. Poems.

To a Lady, with Flowers from a Roman Wall. Poems.

The Violet. Poems.

Hunting Song. Poems.

The Resolve. Poems.

View of the changes proposed and adopted in the administration of justice in Scotland. (See _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 154.)

Living Poets of Great Britain. (From internal evidence I think this article may have been written by Scott, and am sure that he dictated many of the opinions it expresses, if he is not responsible for the whole.)

1809 Vol. II, part 2.

The Vision of Don Roderick. (Reprinted from the first edition.) Poems.

Epitaph designed for a Monument to be erected in Lichfield Cathedral to the Rev. Thomas Seward. Poems.

Cursory remarks upon the French order of battle, particularly in the campaigns of Buonaparte. (See _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 161.)

Periodical Criticism. (From internal evidence I am sure that this was written by Scott. The style is decidedly more interesting than that of the article on the poets, in the volume for the preceding year.)

The Inferno of Altisidora. (This immediately follows the article on Periodical Criticism, and is a burlesque sketch on the same subject. It serves to introduce the following imitations, respectively, of Crabbe, Moore, and Scott himself.)

The Poacher.

"Oh say not, my love, with that mortified air."

The Vision of Triermain.

1810 Vol. III, part 2.

Account of the poems of Patrick Carey, a poet of the seventeenth century. (Afterwards prefixed to the volume of Carey's poems published in 1820. See _Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 245-8.)

1811 Vol. IV, part 2.

Biographical memoir of John Leyden, M.D. (In the Miscellaneous Prose Works.)

1812 Vol. V, part 2.

Extracts from a journal kept during a coasting voyage through the Scottish Islands. (Published in complete form in _Lockhart_, Vol. II.)

1813 Vol. VI.

The Dance of Death. Poems.

Romance of Dunois, from the French. Poems.

Song for the anniversary meeting of the Pitt Club of Scotland. Poems.

Song on the lifting of the banner of the House of Buccleuch, at a great football match on Carterhaugh. Poems.

1814 Vol. VII.

Historical Review of the Year. (See _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 76.)

1815 Vol. VIII.

Historical Review of the Year. (See _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 124.)

The Search after Happiness, or the Quest of Sultaun Solimaun. (Reprinted from the _Sale-Room_. See _Lockhart_, Vol. III, pp. 89-90.)

1816 Vol. IX.

The Noble Moringer. Translated from the German. Poems. (See also the introduction to _The Betrothed_.)

1817 Vol. X.

Farewell Address, spoken by Mr. Kemble to the Edinburgh Theatre, on the 29th March, 1817. (Reprinted from the _Sale-Room_. ) Poems.

1824 Vol. XVII.

To Mons. Alexandre.

(c) Contributions to other periodicals

Scott contributed frequently to _The Edinburgh Weekly Journal_, edited and published by James Ballantyne. Some of the articles are reprinted in the Miscellaneous Prose Works. Lockhart reprints in the Life Scott's account of the coronation of George IV., and his Reply to General Gourgaud.

Scott also contributed to _The Sale-Room_, a weekly paper edited and published by John Ballantyne from January 4 to July 12, 1817 (28 numbers). (See _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 89.)

To _The Keepsake_, an annual, Scott contributed in 1828 The Tapestried Chamber, My Aunt Margaret's Mirror, and The Laird's Jock, and in 1830 The House of Aspen.

In _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine_, Vol. I, appeared three articles entitled "Notices concerning the Scottish Gypsies," for which Scott furnished a large part of the material. (Numbers for April, May, and September, 1817.) Lockhart says that Scott dictated to Thomas Pringle "a collection of anecdotes concerning Scottish gypsies, which attracted a good deal of notice." The first article refers to "Mr. Walter Scott, a gentleman to whose distinguished assistance and advice we have been on the present occasion very peculiarly indebted, and who has not only furnished us with many interesting particulars himself, but has also obligingly directed us to other sources of curious information." Scott quotes from the first of the three articles in his review of _Tales of My Landlord_, and he afterwards used the same anecdotes in the introduction to _Guy Mannering_.

3. _Books which contain letters written by Scott_.

(As there is no complete collection of Scott's letters it has been thought wise to name the various sources, so far as the letters have appeared at all in print, from which such a collection might be made. The list includes only those books or articles in which letters were published for the first time; yet it is probably far from exhaustive. Notes are given in regard to the number or kind of the letters from Scott to be found in some of the less-known books.)

Memoirs of Sir Walter Scott, by J.G. Lockhart.

Edinburgh, 7 vols. 1837-8. 10 vols. 1839. Abridged edition 1848. The edition referred to throughout this study is that published by Macmillan and Company in 5 volumes, 1900.

Familiar Letters of Sir Walter Scott [edited by D. Douglas].

2 vols. Edinburgh, 1894.

Letters and Recollections of Sir Walter Scott, by Mrs. Hughes (of Uffington), edited by Horace G. Hutchinson.

London, 1904. (First published in _The Century_, xliv: 424 and 566; July and August, 1903.)

The Life and Letters of John Gibson Lockhart, by Andrew Lang, from Abbotsford and Milton Lockhart mss. and other original sources.

2 vols. London, 1897.

These volumes contain many letters from Scott to Lockhart.

Memoir and Correspondence of the late John Murray, with an account of the origin and progress of the House, 1768-1843, by Samuel Smiles.

2 vols. London, 1891.

This book contains many letters from Scott to Murray, who published some of Scott's works and was the proprietor of the _Quarterly Review_.

Archibald Constable and his Literary Correspondents. A Memorial by his son Thomas Constable.

3 vols. Edinburgh, 1873.

The third volume is wholly taken up with an account of Scott's relations with Constable, his publisher, and many letters are given. See also Vol. II, pages 347 and 474.

[The Ballantyne and Lockhart Pamphlets.]

I. Refutation of the Misstatements and Calumnies contained in Mr. Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, bart., respecting the Messrs. Ballantyne, by the trustees and son of the late Mr. James Ballantyne. (1835.)

II. The Ballantyne Humbug Handled by the author of the Life of Sir Walter Scott. (1839.)

III. Reply to Mr. Lockhart's Pamphlet, entitled "The Ballantyne-Humbug Handled," etc. (1839.)

The two last pamphlets contain numerous letters of Scott's. For a history of Scott's publishing operations these pamphlets should be studied in connection with the Memoirs of Lockhart, Murray, and Constable.

Annals of a Publishing House; William Blackwood and his sons, their magazine and friends. By Mrs. Oliphant.

3rd edition, 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1897.

About half a dozen letters not elsewhere published are given in this book.

Letters from and to Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., edited by Alexander Allardyce, with a memoir by Rev. W.K.R. Bedford.

2 vols. Edinburgh, 1888.

Lockhart wrote to Sharpe in 1834: "He had preserved so many letters of yours.... that I must suppose the correspondence was considered by himself as one not of the common sort." (Vol. II, p. 479.) Both men were authors and antiquaries, and their letters as given in this book illustrate their favorite studies.

Lady Louisa Stuart. Selections from her manuscripts, edited by Hon. James Home.

London, 1899. (One section of the book is entitled "Unpublished Letters of Sir Walter Scott and Lady Louisa Stuart.")

Abbotsford Notanda, by Robert Carruthers. Subjoined to the Life of Sir Walter Scott by Robert Chambers, edited by W. Chambers.

London, 1871.

Letters from Scott to Hogg and Laidlaw are included.

Memorials of Coleorton, being letters from Coleridge, Wordsworth and his Sister, Southey, and Sir Walter Scott, to Sir George and Lady Beaumont of Coleorton, Leicestershire, 1803 to 1834. Edited, with introduction and notes, by William Knight.

2 vols. Boston, 1887.

The second volume contains three letters by Scott.

The Letters of Sir Walter Scott and Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe to Robert Chambers, 1821-45. With original memoranda of Sir Walter Scott, etc. [Edited by C.E.S. Chambers.]

Edinburgh, 1904.

Reminiscences of Sir Walter Scott, by John Gibson.

Edinburgh, 1871.

Besides nine letters from Scott this book gives in full a memorial written by him in regard to the claim of Constable's trustee on _Woodstock_ and _Napoleon_.

Traditions and Recollections, Domestic, Clerical, and Literary; in which are included letters of Charles II, Cromwell, Fairfax, Edgecumbe, Macaulay, Wolcot, Opie, Whitaker, Gibbon, Buller, Courtenay, Moore, Downman, Drewe, Seward, Darwin, Cowper, Hayley, Hardinge, Sir Walter Scott, and other distinguished characters. By the Rev. R. Polwhele.

2 vols. London, 1826.

Vol. II. contains five letters from Scott.

Letters of Sir Walter Scott, addressed to the Rev. R. Polwhele; D. Gilbert, Esq.; Francis Douce, Esq.; etc.

London, 1832.

Twenty-eight letters from Scott are given, of which at least one had previously been published.

A Memoir of the Life and Writings of the late William Taylor of Norwich, ... containing his correspondence of many years with the late Robert Southey, Esq., and original letters from Sir Walter Scott, and other eminent literary men. Compiled and edited by J.W. Robberds, F.G.S., of Norwich.

2 vols. London, 1843.

Vol. I. contains two letters from Scott, of which the second has decided critical interest. See pp. 94-100. Vol. II. has one letter from Scott. See p. 533.

Memoirs of Sir William Knighton, Bart. G.C.H. ... including his correspondence with many distinguished personages. By Lady Knighton. Philadelphia, 1838.

Fourteen letters from Scott are given.

Letters between James Ellis, Esq., and Walter Scott, Esq.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1850.

The letters from Scott are two in number.

Haydon's Correspondence and Table-talk, with a Memoir by his son, Frederick Wordsworth Haydon.

2 vols., London, 1876.

The first volume contains a few letters by Scott.

The Life and Letters of Washington Irving, by his nephew, Pierre M. Irving.

4 vols., New York, 1865.

Vol. I, p. 240, contains a letter to Brevoort; pp. 439-40, 442-4 and 450-1 contain three letters to Irving.

Memorials of James Hogg, by M.G. Garden.

London, 1903.

Four letters by Scott are included.

Memoirs of a Literary Veteran, including sketches and anecdotes of the most distinguished literary characters from 1794 to 1849, by R.P. Gillies.

3 vols. London, 1851.

Vol. II, pp. 77-83, contains three letters from Scott; Vol. III, pp. 143-4, contains one.

Sir Walter Scott. The story of his life, by R. Shelton Mackenzie.

Boston, 1871.

See p. 471 for a letter not published elsewhere.

Byron's Letters and Journals. Rowland E. Prothero, ed.

6 vols., London, 1898-1901.

See Vol. VI, p. 55 for a letter of Scott's not published elsewhere.

Catalogue of the Exhibition held at Edinburgh in July and August, 1871, on occasion of the commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Sir Walter Scott.

Edinburgh, 1872.

This catalogue contains notices of the autograph letters which were exhibited, and prints a few of the letters.

A Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors.... By S. Austin Allibone.

3 vols. Philadelphia, 1870.

Two letters from Scott to Ticknor are given in the article on Scott.

Fragments of Voyages and Travel, by Basil Hall. Third series.