Chapter 10

[Footnote 393: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p 297; see also _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 55.]

[Footnote 394: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 104 and 124.]

[Footnote 395: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 222; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 18.]

[Footnote 396: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 350.]

[Footnote 397: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 508.]

[Footnote 398: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 229.]

[Footnote 399: When Constable was proposing to publish the poetry of the novels separately, Scott wrote to him that it was beyond his own power to distinguish what was original from what was borrowed, and suggested the following Advertisement for the book:

"We believe by far the greater part of the poetry interspersed through these novels to be original compositions by the author. At the same time the reader will find passages which are quoted from other authors, and may probably debit more of these than our more limited reading has enabled us to ascertain. Indeed, it is our opinion that some of the following poetry is neither entirely original nor altogether borrowed, but consists in some instances of passages from other authors, which the author has not hesitated to alter considerably, either to supply defects of his own memory, or to adapt the quotation more explicitly and aptly to the matter in hand." (_Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, pp. 222-3.)]

[Footnote 400: "I have taught nearly a hundred gentlemen to fence very nearly, if not altogether, as well as myself," he said. (_Journal_, Vol. I, p. 167. See also pp. 273-5.)]

[Footnote 401: _Journal_, Vol. I, pp. 275-6; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 45.]

[Footnote 402: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, pp. 322 and 492; Vol. V, p. 186.]

[Footnote 403: _Ibid._, Vol. IV, p. 110.]

[Footnote 404: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 106, and _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 162.]

[Footnote 405: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, pp. 33-4.]

[Footnote 406: _Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 259.]

[Footnote 407: _Waverley_, Vol. I, pp. 112-3. See also Mackenzie's _Life of Scott_, p. 364.]

[Footnote 408: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 29.]

[Footnote 409: _Journal_, Vol. I, pp. 274-5; _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 44. See also his review of Godwin's _Life of Chaucer_.]

[Footnote 410: _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 103.]

[Footnote 411: _Ibid._, Vol. IV, p. 260.]

[Footnote 412: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 96.]

[Footnote 413: Review of Tytler's _History of Scotland_, _Quarterly_, November, 1829.]

[Footnote 414: _Southey's Letters_, Vol. IV, p. 62.]

[Footnote 415: Herford's _Age of Wordsworth_, pp. 39-40.]

[Footnote 416: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 60.]

[Footnote 417: _Paul's Letters_, Letter XVI.]

[Footnote 418: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 320.]

[Footnote 419: On Goethe's favorable opinion of the _Napoleon_, see a letter given in the appendix to Scott's _Journal_ (Vol. II, pp. 485-6 and note).]

[Footnote 420: Carlyle's _Essay on Scott_. See also Taine's _History of English Literature_, Introduction, I.]

[Footnote 421: Review of _Metrical Romances_, _Edinburgh Review_, January, 1806.]

[Footnote 422: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 333.]

[Footnote 423: _The Pirate_, Vol. II, p. 138.]

[Footnote 424: Introductory Epistle to _Ivanhoe_. Freeman, in his _Norman Conquest_, vigorously attacks _Ivanhoe_ for its unwarranted picture of the relations between Saxons and Normans in the thirteenth century. (Vol. V, pp. 551-561.)]

[Footnote 425: Mr. Lang points out that he made many written notes of his reading, as we should hardly expect a man of his unrivalled memory to do. (_Life of Scott_, p. 27.)]

[Footnote 426: _Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, p. 161.]

[Footnote 427: _Constable's Correspondence_, Vol. III, pp. 93-4.]

[Footnote 428: _Letters of Lady Louisa Stuart_, p. 247.]

[Footnote 429: Mr. Lang's theory that Scott was responsible for a decline in serious reading cannot be either proved or refuted completely, but more than one man has given personal testimony concerning the stimulating effect of the Waverley novels. Thierry's _Norman Conquest_ was directly inspired by _Ivanhoe_, and with _Ivanhoe_ is condemned by Freeman for its mistaken views. Mr. Andrew D. White says in his _Autobiography_ that _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein_ led him to see the first that he had ever clearly discerned of the great principles that "lie hidden beneath the surface of events"--"the secret of the centralization of power in Europe, and of the triumph of monarchy over feudalism." (Vol. I, pp. 15-16.)]

[Footnote 430: Scott had theories as to what children's books ought to be. They should stir the imagination, he said, instead of simply imparting knowledge as certain scientific books attempted to do. (_Lockhart_, Vol. II, p. 27.) But he seriously objected to any attempt to write down to the understanding of children. Of the _Tales of a Grandfather_ he said: "I will make, if possible, a book that a child shall understand, yet a man will feel some temptation to peruse, should he chance to take it up." (_Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 112. See also _ib._, Vol. I, p. 19.) Anatole France has expressed ideas about children's books which are practically the same as those of Scott. (See _Le Livre de Mon Ami_, 3me partie: "A Madame D * * *.")]

[Footnote 431: Introduction to _The Fortunes of Nigel_.]

[Footnote 432: See the Introduction to _Waverley_.]

[Footnote 433: Introductory Epistle to _Ivanhoe_.]

[Footnote 434: _Ibid._ In _Old Mortality_, Claverhouse was made to use the phrase "sentimental speeches," but when Lady Louisa Stuart pointed out to Scott that the word "sentimental" was modern, he struck it out of the second edition.]

[Footnote 435: Introductory Epistle to _Ivanhoe_. For other references to the use of a moderately antique diction see the essays on Walpole and Clara Reeve in _Lives of the Novelists_, and the review of Southey's _Amadis de Gaul_, _Edinburgh Review_, October, 1803.]

[Footnote 436: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 226.]

[Footnote 437: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 319.]

[Footnote 438: _Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 216.]

[Footnote 439: _Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 323.]

[Footnote 440: _Lockhart_, Vol. I, p. 40.]

[Footnote 441: Introduction to _Chronicles of the Canongate_. See also _Letters to Heber_, pp. 128-32, and 154; and Ruskin's analysis of Scott's descriptions: _Modern Painters_, Part IV, ch. 16, § 23 ff.]

[Footnote 442: See particularly his reviews of _Childe Harold_, _Canto III_, _Quarterly_, October, 1816; and of Southey's translation of the _Amadis de Gaul_, _Edinburgh Review_, October, 1803.]

[Footnote 443: _Lockhart_, Vol. II, pp. 232-3.]

[Footnote 444: Quoted in _Wordsworth_ (English Men of Letters) by F.W.H. Myers, p. 143.]

[Footnote 445: _Recollections of Scott_, by R.P. Gillies. _Fraser's_, xii: 254.]

[Footnote 446: _Lockhart_, Vol. III, p. 62.]

[Footnote 447: _Journal_, Vol. I, p. 155, and Vol. II, p. 37; _Lockhart_, Vol. IV, p. 476, and Vol. V, p. 380.]

[Footnote 448: In the discussion of _Lives of the Novelists_.]

[Footnote 449: See his _Essay on Scott_.]

[Footnote 450: _Dryden_, Vol. XIV, p. 136.]

[Footnote 451: _Lockhart_, Vol. V, p. 415, and Introductory Epistle to _Nigel_.]

[Footnote 452: _Letters to Heber_, p. 44.]

[Footnote 453: _Op. cit._, p. 120.]

[Footnote 454: _My Aunt Margaret's Mirror_.]

[Footnote 455: _Journal_, Vol. II, p. 8.]

[Footnote 456: Review of Hoffmann's Novels, _Foreign Quarterly Review_, July, 1827.]

[Footnote 457: _Letters to R. Polwhele_, etc., p. 102.]

[Footnote 458: Lodge's _Illustrious Personages_, Preface.]

[Footnote 459: Article on Molière, _Foreign Quarterly Review_, February, 1828.]

[Footnote 460: _Three Studies in Literature_, p. 12.]

[Footnote 461: _Edinburgh Review_, No. 1, October, 1802: review of _Thalaba_.]

[Footnote 462: _Three Studies in Literature_, p. 38.]

[Footnote 463: _Dryden_, Vol. XI, p. 26.]

[Footnote 464: Herford, _op. cit._, pp. 51-2.]

[Footnote 465: _Essay on the Drama_.]

[Footnote 466: Wylie, _Studies in Criticism_, pp. 107-8.]

[Footnote 467: _Table Talk_, August 4, 1833. _Works_, Vol. VI, p. 472.]

[Footnote 468: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. II, p. 402.]

[Footnote 469: Article on Scott's _Demonology and Witchcraft_, _Fraser's_, December, 1830.]

[Footnote 470: Mackenzie's _Life of Scott_, p. 118.]

[Footnote 471: _The Plain Speaker_, Hazlitt's _Works_, Vol. VII, p. 345.]

[Footnote 472: _Dryden_, Vol. I, p. 342. See above, pp. 136-7.]

[Footnote 473: _Familiar Letters_, Vol. I, p. 84.]

[Footnote 474: _Life of Bage_, in _Novelists' Library_.]

[Footnote 475: _Essay on Judicial Reform_, _Edinburgh Annual Register_, Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 352. Everyone knows that Scott was a decided Tory, and it is commonly supposed that he was an extremely prejudiced partisan. But he closes a political passage in _Woodstock_ with these words: "We hasten to quit political reflections, the rather that ours, we believe, will please neither Whig nor Tory." (End of