Chapter 33

CONTEMPORARY AND FINAL JUDGMENTS.

[Sidenote: _Popular Indignation._]

[Sidenote: _Its Durability._]

More judicious or less prejudiced observers than James and his confidants would have suspected earlier the rise of the popular tide of sympathy and indignation. Strangers had remarked the tendency before the execution. A Spanish Dominican friar in England on a secret political mission had, Chamberlain told Carleton in October, been labouring for Ralegh's life from dread of the ill-will towards Spain which his death would cause. Many Englishmen were much nimbler than official and officious courtiers in perceiving the blunder. A great lord in the Tower, who may be presumed to have been Northumberland, another correspondent of Carleton's told him, had observed that, if the Spanish match went on, Spain had better have given £100,000 than have had him killed; and if not, that England had better have given £100,000 than have killed him. Pory assured Carleton, writing on October 31, that Ralegh's death would do more harm to the faction that procured it than ever he did in his life. As soon as his head was off, the authorities had to be hard at work suppressing ballads which were being sung in the streets against his adversaries. The jeer of the London goldsmith, Wiemark, 'the constant Paul's-walker,' that he wished such a head as had just been severed from Ralegh's body had been on Master Secretary's shoulders, was but a sample of a storm of sarcasms upon the Government which ran through the town. The anger displayed by Naunton and Villiers a couple of years later at the appearance of so poor a satire as Captain Gainsford's _Vox Spiritus, or Sir Walter Ralegh's Ghost_, which was being circulated in manuscript, and their zeal in suppressing it, testify to the durability of the alarm excited in the Court. It was no momentary and evanescent impulse. Dean Tounson had written on November 9, of Ralegh's execution, that 'it left a great impression on the minds of those that beheld him; inasmuch that Sir Lewis Stukely and the Frenchman grow very odious. This was the news a week since; but now it is blown over, and he almost forgotten.' The good Dean underrated the solidity and reasonableness of English feeling. The nation might not care to linger over creatures like Stukely and Manourie, even to execrate them. Its grief for Ralegh was a lasting sentiment. A spectator of his death declared that his Christian and truthful manner on the scaffold made all believe that he was not guilty of treason nor of malpractices. So sudden a conversion of the kingdom to faith in his innocence and heroism would have been almost as irrational as the original acquiescence without proof in his criminality, had it been as abrupt as it seemed. It would have been as short-lived as Dean Tounson anticipated, if its growth had been as gourd-like. In fact the nation only at the instant ascertained the state of its mind. The mood itself had been in course of formation for years.

[Sidenote: _Popular Forgetfulness._]

Ralegh, as we have seen, had been cordially detested in his day of ascendency. All a reign's odium naturally condenses itself upon a royal favourite. His elaborate courtesy did not produce the effect of affability. His lavishness was thought ostentation. His good nature, for he was good natured, had too much an air of condescension. The scorn of rivals or his superiors in rank he met with scorn. His exploits by land and sea, as impartial critics noted, heightened instead of pacifying malignity. Later exposure to settled Court dislike blunted the edge of popular enmity; it hardly turned it into kindness. The national attitude towards Ralegh, downtrodden and harassed, long showed curiosity more than affection. The kingdom wondered what he was doing, or would do. Formerly it had believed, with repugnance, in his ability to extricate himself from all difficulties, whether of war or of intrigue. It retained the same faith in the indomitable resources of the prisoner of the Tower, without much active sympathy, though without antipathy. He died; and the wonder, the observant admiration flamed into a fury of passionate regret. For six and thirty years Ralegh had been before its eyes, and in its thoughts, for good or evil. It could not imagine him not at its service; and he was irreparably gone. A reserve of force, upon which the nation unconsciously had depended in the event of any emergency, had been thrown away. A light in England had been extinguished. The people forgot how it had misconstrued and reviled him. It forgot how passively it had borne to see him worried by malicious rivals and upstart strangers. On the instant he became for it the representative of an era of national glory sacrificed to sordid machinations. The executioner's axe in Palace Yard scattered a film which had dimmed the sight of Englishmen for an entire generation. Death vindicated on Ralegh's own behalf its title to his panegyric: 'O eloquent, just, and mighty Death!'

[Sidenote: _An Idol of the Constitutional Party._]

The nation persisted in grieving for him. The instruments of his destruction, courtiers and Ministers, it pursued with a storm of immediate hatred. Loyalty or awe of the Prerogative secured the Sovereign's person for the time from open reproaches. The country was willing to suppose that the King had been misled by evil counsellors, and had quickly repented of the iniquity. Spain, two years later, assisted Austria to dethrone the Elector Palatine and his Stuart wife. A story was invented that James, in anger at the news, exclaimed he would demand the Spanish general's head. A courtier, it was fabled, dared to question whether Philip would be as facile and obliging as James had been. 'Then I wish,' groaned James, 'that Ralegh's head were again on his shoulders.' Posterity has been less ready to make any excuse for James, even the excuse of a selfish contrition. His memory has paid with interest for his escape at first from his rightful share in the obloquy. His injustice as an individual weakened the national faith in royalty. The wrongs suffered from the State caused Ralegh to be regarded as a martyr to freedom, which he was not. The growing party of champions of constitutional liberties watched over and exalted his fame. Pym, in his note-book of _Memorable Accidents_, has entered under the year 1618: 'Sir Walter Ralegh had the favour to be beheaded at Westminster, where he died with great applause of the beholders, most constantly, most Christianly, most religiously.' Hampden could not bear that any fragments of his writing should be lost. Cromwell pored over his History. Milton printed his essays. Eliot at the date of the execution was twenty-eight. He had long been a friend, and still followed the fortunes, of Villiers. He did not belong yet to the popular party. So far was he from forgetting the spectacle in a week that, many years after, he recalled the whole in a glow of enthusiasm both for the King's victim and the Devon hero. He wrote in the _Monarchy of Man_, which he did not complete till 1631, that all history scarcely contained a parallel to the fortitude of 'our Ralegh'; that the placid courage of 'that great soul,' while it turned to sorrow the joy of the enemies who had come to witness his sufferings, filled all men else with emotion; 'leaving with them only this doubt, whether death were more acceptable to him, or he more welcome unto death.'

Something both of political and religious partisanship mixed with and exalted the zeal of Pym, Hampden, Eliot, Cromwell, and Milton for the foe of Jesuits and Bishops, the scapegoat of a Stuart's infatuation for Spain, the survivor of a Court which had believed in the present grandeur of England, and a future more splendid still. The feeling was wonderfully tenacious. Ralegh remained for the generation which witnessed his death, and for the next also, the patriot scourge of a still detested Spain. Gradually that especial ground of kindness for him subsided, along with the aversion on which it rested. English hatred of Spain has long been so obsolete a sentiment as to be virtually inconceivable. Not many care to thread the mazes of the plots he was alleged to have countenanced, or of those contrived against him. His acts have been relegated to a side channel of history. Yet for Englishmen his figure keeps its prominence and radiance. It is the more conspicuous for the poverty of the period in which a large and calamitous part of his career was spent. As the student plods along one of the dreariest wastes of the national annals, his name gleams across the tedious page. When from time to time he flits over the stage, the quagmire of Court intrigues and jobbing favouritism is illuminated with a sparkle of romance.

[Sidenote: _Perplexities._]

[Sidenote: _Failures and Inconsistencies._]

He is among the most dazzling personalities in English history, and the most enigmatical. Not an action ascribed to him, not a plan he is reputed to have conceived, not a date in his multifarious career, but is matter of controversy. In view of the state of the national records in the last century, it is scarcely strange that Gibbon himself should, after selecting him for a theme, have recoiled from the task of marshalling the chaos of his 'obscure' deeds, a 'fame confined to the narrow limits of our language and our island,' and 'a fund of materials not yet properly manufactured.' Posterity and his contemporaries have equally been unable to agree on his virtues and his vices, the nature of his motives, the spelling of his name, and the amount of his genius. No man was ever less reticent about himself; and his confessions and apologies deepen the confusion. He had a poet's inspiration; and his title to most of the verses ascribed to him is contested. He was one of the creators of modern English prose; and his disquisitions have for two centuries ceased to be read. He and Bacon are coupled by Dugald Stewart as eminent beyond their age for their emancipation from the fetters of the Schoolmen, their originality, and the enlargement of their scientific conceptions; and a single phrase, 'the fundamental laws of human knowledge,' is the only philosophical idea connected with him. His name is entered, rightly, in the first rank of discoverers, navigators, and planters, on account of two countries which he neither found nor permanently colonized. He was a great admiral, who commanded in chief on one expedition alone, and that miserably failed. He had in him the making of a great soldier, though his exploits are lost in the dreary darkness of intestine French and Irish savageries. He was a master of policy, and his loftiest office was that of Captain of the Guard. None could be kinder, or more chivalrously generous, and he practised with complacency in Munster treachery and cruelty which he abhorred in a Spaniard of Trinidad. He had the subtlest brain, and became the yokefellow of a Cobham. He thirsted after Court favour, and wealth, and died attainted and landless. He longed to scour the world for adventures, and spent a fourth part of his manhood in a gaol. He laid the foundation of a married life characterized by an unbroken tenor of romantic trust and devotion, by doing his wife the worst injury a woman can undergo. The star of his hopes was the future of his elder son, and the boy squandered his life on an idle skirmish. He courted admiration, and, till he was buried in prison or the grave, was the best hated man in the kingdom.

Had he been less vivacious and many-sided, he might have succeeded better, suffered less, and accomplished more. With qualities less shining he would have escaped the trammels of Court favouritism, and its stains. With powers less various he would have been content to be illustrious in one line. As a poet he might have rivalled instead of patronizing Spenser. In prose he might have surpassed the thoughtful majesty of Hooker. As an observer of nature he might have disputed the palm with Bacon. He must have been recognized as endowed with the specific gifts of a statesman or a general, if he had possessed none others as remarkable. But if less various he would have been less attractive. If he had shone without a cloud in any one direction, he would not have pervaded a period with the splendour of his nature, and become its type. More smoothness in his fortunes would have shorn them of their tragic picturesqueness. Failure itself was needed to colour all with the tints which surprise and captivate. He was not a martyr to forgive his persecutors. He was not a hero to endure in silence, and without an effort at escape. His character had many earthy streaks. His self-love was enormous. He could be shifty, wheedling, whining. His extraordinary and indomitable perseverance in the pursuit of ends was crossed with a strange restlessness and recklessness in the choice of means. His projects often ended in reverses and disappointments. Yet, with all the shortcomings, no figure, no life gathers up in itself more completely the whole spirit of an epoch; none more firmly enchains admiration for invincible individuality, or ends by winning a more personal tenderness and affection.

INDEX.

Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury; previously Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and of London, 293, 344, 356, 367, 372.

Acuña, Diego Palomeque de, 320, 321, 324.

Æmilius, 278.

Aguilar, Garcia de, 322.

Albert, Archduke, 156, 186, 224, 251.

Alexander the Great, 278.

Allen, Thomas, 295.

Alley, Captain Peter, 317, 322.

Amadas, Captain Philip, 43, 45.

_Amazons, River of the_, 270.

Anderson, Sir Edmund, Chief Justice, 209.

Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, 336.

Anjou, Francis, Duke of, 32, 33.

Anne of Denmark, Queen, 237, 254, 260, 288-9, 294, 299, 339, 341, 345, 367-8.

Antiochus, King, 278.

Antiquaries, Society of, 273.

Antonio, Don, 67.

_Apology_, Ralegh's, 304, 321, 324, 336-8.

-- Manourie's, 388.

-- Stukely's, 386-7.

Apsley, or Appesley, Captain, 32.

-- Sir Allen, 347-8, 358.

-- Lady, _ibid._

Arenberg, or Aremberg, Count of, 186-193, 200, 207, 211, 215, 217-8, 223, 226, 228.

Arias, Montanus, 275.

Ark Ralegh, 42, 82, 87.

Armada, Invincible, 65-67.

Artaxerxes, King, 277.

Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of, 305, 310, 324, 332, 375-9.

Ashley, Sir Anthony, 132, 381.

Ashton, Roger, 230.

Assapana, 320.

Aubrey, John, 8, 58, 100, 104, 164, 180-1, 192, 258, 273, 282-3, 300.

Avila, Pedro Melendez de, 43.

Ayton, Sir Robert, 79.

_Azores, Truth of the Fight about the Isles of_, 84, 269.

Babington, Anthony, 39.

Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam, and Viscount St. Alban's, Lord Chancellor, 8, 17, 47, 155, 277, 302-4, 344, 359, 364, 366, 369, 389-93, 398.

-- Sir Anthony, 69, 126.

Bainham, Sir Edward, 39.

Bancroft, Richard, Bishop of London, Archbishop of Canterbury, 193.

Barbary corsairs, 64, 315.

Barlow, Captain Arthur, 44.

Barry, David Fitzjames, Lord Barry, and Viscount Buttevant, 18, 314.

Bassanière, Martin, 53.

Basset, Elizabeth, 300.

Bath, William Bourchier, Earl of, 34, 64.

Bathurst, Mr., 162.

Bayley, Captain, 315-6, 331-2, 357.

Beauchamp, Lord, 34.

Beaumont, Comte de, 182, 191, 194, 205, 227, 240.

-- Comtesse de, 251.

Bedford, John Russell, Earl of, 4.

-- Francis Russell, Earl of, 34.

-- Bridget, Dowager Countess of, 262.

Beecher or Becher, William, 325.

Beeston, Sir Hugh, 371.

Belle, 308.

Belphoebe, 75.

Berreo, Antonio de, 109, 113, 119, 23, 320.

-- Fernando de, 320.

Berry, Captain Leonard, 161.

Best, John, 108.

'Beyond the Line,' 315, 356.

_Bibliography, Ralegh_, 269.

Bilson, Thomas, Bishop of Worcester, and Winchester, 237.

Bingham, Sir Richard, 64.

Biron, Marshal Charles de Gontaut, Duc de, 156.

Bisseaux, de, 308.

Blackstone, Mr. Justice, Sir William, 285.

Blount, Charles, Lord Mountjoy, Earl of Devonshire, 69, 134, 209, 219, 221.

-- Sir Christopher, husband of dowager Countess of Essex, 130, 137, 146, 149.

-- Mr., 97, 98.

Bodleian Library, 131, 273.

Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount, 269.

Bothwell, Francis Stuart, Earl of, 152.

Boyle, Richard, Lord Boyle, and Earl of Cork, 162-3, 265, 314-5, 330, 369, 382.

Bravo, Isle of, 316.

_Breviary of the History of England_, 271-2.

Brewer, Professor Rev. John, 195.

Brooke, George, 186, 188, 192-3, 208, 229; execution, 236, 239.

Brooksby, 208.

Broughton, Rev. Hugh, 126.

Brown, Rawdon, 310.

Brushfield, Dr. T.N., 2, 31, 105, 269, 281.

Bullen, Mr. George, 80.

Burgh, or Brough, Sir John, 87, 96, 97.

Burhill, Rev. Robert, 273.

Burleigh, or Burghley, William Cecil, Lord, and Earl of Exeter, 14, 20, 30, 33, 37, 57, 63, 123, 167, 169, 215.

Burre, Walter, 275, 282.

Bye Plot, or Surprising Treason, 188-9, 211, 346.

_Cabinet Council_, 269, 280.

Cæsar, Sir Julius, 255, 303, 344, 356, 361-2, 364.

Camden, William, 9, 66, 89, 109, 275, 296, 298, 333.

Carew, Sir Francis, 49, 183.

-- Sir George, Earl of Totnes, 26, 30, 49, 70, 93, 94, 99, 126, 127, 131, 134, 148, 162, 254-5, 265, 299-301, 306, 314, 330, 332-3, 347, 350, 377.

-- Lady, 351.

-- Sir Henry, 143.

-- Sir Nicholas, 88, 373.

-- Sir Peter, 4.

-- Sir Randolph, 375.

Carleton, Dudley, Lord Dorchester, 174, 228-30, 239, 262, 293.

Carlyle, Thomas, 283.

Carr, Robert, Viscount Rochester, and Earl of Somerset, 250, 252, 261-3, 292, 296-7, 347.

Case, John, 53.

Caulfield, Captain, 111, 118, 369.

Cavendish, Sir Charles, 63.

-- Thomas, 45.

Caworako, 116.

Cecil, Colonel, 375.

-- Elizabeth Brooke, Lady, 170.

-- Sir Robert, Lord Cecil, and Earl of Salisbury, 30, 52, 91, 97-8, 103, 119, 123, 132, 148, 158, 169-80, 184, 187, 194, 196, 199, 204-5, 209, 214, 219, 221, 223, 227, 229, 232, 240, 242, 244-5, 255; death, 257-9, 266, 288-9, 292, 300, 346.

-- Thomas, Earl of Exeter, 302.

-- William, Earl of Salisbury, 152, 170. (For Sir William Cecil, Earl of Exeter, _see_ Burleigh.)

Cedar wood, 170.

Ceyva, la, Isle of, 322.

Chamberlain, John, 229, 262, 280-1, 298, 305, 337, 386, 393-4.

Champernoun, C., 7, 9.

-- Henry, 9.

-- Katherine (Gilbert and Ralegh), 2, 3, 5.

-- Sir Philip, 2.

Champion, Richard, 351.

Chapman, George, 121.

Charles I, 310, 381.

-- II, 266, 382.

Charles Emmanuel I. _See_ Savoy.

Charles, the Indian, 249.

Chester, Charles, 13.

Cheynes, the goldsmith, 244.

Christian IV, of Denmark, 293-4.

Christofero, 350.

Christopher's, St., 328.

Chudleigh, Captain, 311.

Churchyard, Thomas, 56.

_Cities, Causes of the Magnificency of_, 267.

Clarence, George Plantagenet, Duke of, 247.

Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 145.

Clares, the, Earls of Gloucester, 1.

Clarke, Rev. Francis, 186, 208, 215, 236.

Clifford, Sir Coniers, 126-7.

Clyst Heath, battle of, 4.

Clyston, Sir John, 38.

Cobham, Henry Brooke, Lord, 147, 156, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 183-4, 186-93, 200-3, 207-8, 223-30, 236, 240, 244, 252, 254-5, 259, 295; death, 296, 300, 325, 346, 360, 384, 399.

Coke, Sir Edward, Chief Justice, 190, 209-20, 230, 260, 344, 359, 361, 389.

Coldwell, John, Bishop of Salisbury, 101, 102.

Coligny, Gaspard de, Admiral, 11.

_Colin Clout_, 71.

Collier, Payne, 42, 141.

Comestor, Peter, 272.

Compton, William, Lord, Earl of Northampton, 332, 375.

Concini, Concino, Marshal, 307.

Copley, Anthony, 186, 188, 193, 208.

'Cords twisted by Love,' 279.

Corney, Bolton, 274.

Corsini, Filippo, 51.

Cosmor, Captain, 321.

Cottington, Francis, Lord Cottington, 305, 332, 385-6.

Cotton, Henry, Bishop of Salisbury, 143, 163, 244.

-- Sir Robert, 272.

Cottrell or Cotterell, Edward or William, 203, 248, 252, 339-40, 342.

Court Morals, 89.

Courtenay, Sir William, 34.

Coventry, Sir Thomas, Lord Keeper, Lord Coventry, 362.

Crab, 316.

Cromwell, Oliver, 279, 397.

-- Richard, 279.

Crosse, Captain, 111.

Cumberland, George Clifford, Earl of, 50, 86, 97, 99, 184.

_Cynthia_, 73-6.

Daniel, Samuel, 271.

--, 257.

Darcy, Sir Edward, 104, 183, 210.

Dare, Eleanor, 47.

Darell, 2.

Darius, King, 278.

Davila, Francis, 333.

Davison, Francis, 80.

Davys, John, 50, 140.

Dayrell, Sir Richard, 209.

Dean, Peter, 248, 365-6.

'Death, eloquent, just, and mighty,' 396.

_Declaration_ of 1618, 291, 303, 305, 311, 321, 323-4, 330, 361, 364, 389-393.

Dee, Dr. John, 104.

Demetrius, 277.

Desmond, Gerald Fitzjames Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of, 37.

-- -- 18th Earl of, 295.

-- Katherine Fitzgerald, Dowager Countess of, 162.

-- Morrice Fitzjohn of, 84.

Deuteronomy, 213.

Devereux, Lady Dorothy, Perrot, and Countess of Northumberland, 13, 61, 177.

Digby, John, Earl of Bristol, 164, 264, 307, 339, 381.

-- Kenelm, 267.

Dimoke, Dulmar, 120.

D'Israeli, Isaac, 181, 274.

Dixon, Hepworth, 198.

Dover Harbour, 159.

Dowdall, Sir John, 95.

Drake, Sir Francis, 46, 67, 125.

-- Joan, 2.

-- Mr., 334.

-- Robert, 2.

Drummond, William, of Hawthornden, 274, 301.

Dudley, Robert, claimant of Dukedom of Northumberland, 122.

Duelling, 57, 69, 84, 166-7.

Duke, Richard, 100-1.

Durham House, 104, 174, 182-3.

_Dutiful Advice_, 269.

Dyce, Rev. Alexander, 301.

Dyer, Edward, 61.

-- the pilot, 216.

Echard, Archdeacon Lawrence, 186.

Edward IV, 211.

-- V, 247.

Edwards, Edward, 26, 31, 259, 274.

Egerton, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor, Lord Ellesmere, and Viscount Brackley, 36, 106.

Eliot, John, 371, 375, 397.

Elizabeth, Princess, Electress Palatine, and Queen of Bohemia, 256, 279, 396.

-- Queen, 24, 25, 44, 93, 94, 125, 147, 170; death, 180, 212, 270, 280, 343, 368.

Elstracke, Renold, 276.

Elways, Sir Gervase, 250.

_Empire, Arts of_, 267, 269.

Epaminondas, 277.

Erenetta, 321.

Erskine, Sir Thomas, Earl of Kellie, 181.

Esmond, Henry, 371.

Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, 55, 60-3, 69, 82, 125, 127-8, 131, 133, 135-6, 138-9, 143-9; execution, 150, 160, 165, 182, 202, 209, 217, 328, 374, 378, 390.

-- Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, 237.

-- Lettice Knollys, dowager Countess of Leicester, and of, 237, 361.

Eumenes, 299.

Evelyn, John, 55, 266.

Evesham, Captain John, 50.

_Faerie Queene_, 26, 72.

Faige, Captain, 307-8.

Fardell, 1, 6.

Faunt, Nicholas, 108.

Fayal, attack on, 136-7, 277.

Fayle, de la, 186.

Feather triumph, 146.

Febre, or Febure, Nicholas de, 266-7.

Felton, John, 263.

Ferne, Sir John, 311-2, 330, 363.

Finett, Robert, 300.

Fitton, Sir Edward, 38.

-- Mary, 89.

Fitzgerald, Sir James, 17.

-- Gerald Fitzjames, _see_ Desmond.

-- Katherine, _see_ Desmond.

-- Morrice Fitzjohn, _see_ Desmond.

-- John Fitzedmund, _see_ Imokelly.

Fitzwilliam, Sir William, Lord Deputy, 56, 71, 95.

Fleet prison, 13, 246.

Florida, French in, 43.

Flory, Captain, 334.

Floyer, Captain John, 51.

Fortescue, Sir John, 99, 180.

Foster, Mr. Justice, Sir Michael, 214-5, 222.

Fourth party, 184.

Fowler, Sir Thomas, or John, 316.

Fox, Charles James, 277.

Foxe, John, _Acts and Monuments_, 5.

Francis, the cook, 316.

Fraser, Alexander, 267.

Frederick, Elector Palatine, and King of Bohemia, 255, 396.

Frobisher, Sir Martin, 87, 96.

Gainsford, Captain Thomas, 395.

Gardiner, Mr. S.R., 190, 225, 292, 318, 324, 332, 335, 337, 344, 352-5.

Gascoigne, George, 12, 30.

Gate-house, 367, 371-4, 387.

Gawdy, Mr. Justice, Sir Francis, 209, 214, 231, 363.

Genaboa, Pedro Sarmiento de, 50.

Genoa, plot against, 310-11.

Gibb, John, 239.

Gibbon, Edward, 102, 281, 309, 398.

Gifford, 118.

Gilbert, Adrian, 2, 164, 196, 265.

-- Bartholomew, 48.

-- Humphrey, 2, 11, 14, 15, 19, 42-3.

-- John, 2, 5, 34, 64, 111, 123, 129.

-- John, junior, 51, 141.

-- Otho, 2.

-- Ralph, 48.

Giles's, St., bowl, 375.

Giuseppe, San, or St. Joseph, 113, 323, 357.

Godolphin, Sir William, 241.

Godwin, George, 136.

Godwin, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 102.

Gomera, Isle of, 316.

Gondomar, Count of, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 227, 304-5, 332-3, 338.

Goodier, Sir Henry, 34.

Goodman, Godfrey, Bishop of Gloucester, 195, 381.

Goodwin, Hugh, 117.

Gorges, Sir Arthur, 93, 134, 137, 139, 140, 156.

-- Sir Ferdinando, 134, 149, 150, 166, 383.

Gorgues, Dominique de, 43.

Gosnold, Captain, 48.

Gosse, Mr. Edmund, 73-4.

_Government, Seat of_, 267.

Grados, Geronimo de, 321-2.

Granganimeo, 44, 46.

Gray's Inn Walks, 302.

Grenville, Sir Richard, 45-6, 64, 83-4, 334.

Greville, Fulke, Lord Brooke, 297.

Grey de Wilton, Arthur Grey, Lord, 17, 19, 20-22, 64.

-- Thomas Grey, Lord, 186, 188, 200, 208, 233, 236, 240, 244, 249, 295.

-- William Grey, Lord, 4.

Gualtero, the Indian, 117.

Guiana, 109-10, 288, 291, 317-25, 350-1.

-- _Discovery of_, 120, 269.

Guizot, Francois Pierre Guillaume, 283.

Gunpowder Plot, 251, 261.

Hakluyt, Richard, junior, 11, 15, 47, 50, 53, 84, 119, 161.

Hall, Joseph, Bishop of Norwich, 279.

-- Captain, 319.

Hallam, Henry, 79, 183, 199, 204, 221, 225, 227, 277, 284-6, 292, 303.

Haman, 297.

Hamon's wife, 369.

Hampden, Mr. John, 269, 279, 371, 397.

-- Sir John, 322.

Hannah, Archdeacon John, 73.

Harcourt, Captain Robert, 291.

Harington, Sir John, 90, 93, 156, 163, 171, 193, 205, 273, 293.

Harrington, James, 380.

Harriot, or Hariot, Thomas, 45, 49, 54, 221, 248, 273, 295.

Harris, Sir Christopher, 334.

Harry, the Indian, 317.

Hart, the boatswain, 339-41.

Harvey, Sir George, 201, 203, 249, 252.

-- Mr. George, 203.

Harwood, Sir Edward, 345.

Hastings, Edward, 300, 332.

Hatton, Sir Christopher, 26, 38, 60.

_Havanna, Spanish Cruelties in_, 268.

Hawkins, Sir John, 97, 99, 125.

Hawles, Sir John, 180, 224.

Hawthorn, Rev. Mr., 248.

Hay, James, Viscount Doncaster, and Earl of Carlisle, 332, 375, 377.

Hayes Barton, 6, 70, 100-1.

Hayman, Samuel, 272.

Hele, Serjeant, 209, 210.

Heneage, Sir Thomas, 33, 60.

Hennessy, Sir John Pope, 70, 147, 162, 272.

Henry IV, of France, 144, 184, 240.

-- VII, of England, 1, 211.

-- VIII, 278, 280.

Henry, Prince of Wales, 255-7, 259-60, 263, 284, 294.

Herbert, Myles, or William, 300, 329.

-- William, 340-1.

Hickes, Michael, 30, 208, 229.

Hilliard, Rev. William, 126.

_History of the World_, 255, 270-84, 297.

_Hobbinol_, 258.

Holinshed, Raphael, 3, 15, 45.

_Hollander, trade and commerce with the_, 267.

Hooker, John, 3, 15, 18, 35.

-- Rev. Richard, 277.

Horsey, 152.

Hoskyns, Serjeant John, 273, 275.

Howard, Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham, and Earl of Nottingham, 30, 40, 58, 66, 84, 106, 125, 127, 144, 176, 204, 242, 277, 293, 331, 384, 386. -- Charity White, Lady Howard of Effingham, 251.

-- Lady Frances, Countess of Kildare, and Lady Cobham, 175, 216, 296.

-- Lady Frances, Countess of Essex, and of Somerset, 237, 296-7, 361.

-- Lord Henry, Earl of Northampton, 30, 169, 171-7, 182, 188, 196, 209, 252, 254, 286, 293, 372.

-- Mr. Henry, 300.

-- Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, 152, 214.

-- Lord Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, 82, 84, 126-8, 134, 138-9, 146, 209, 221, 255, 293, 300, 346.

-- Thomas, Viscount Bindon, 165.

Howell, James, 302-3.

-- T.B., 202.

Hues, Robert, 273.

Hume, David, 120, 225.

Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of, 119.

-- Henry Hastings, 5th Earl of, 299, 300.

Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy, 247, 347-8.

Imokelly, Seneschal of, John Fitzedmund Fitzgerald, 18, 33.

_Instructions to his Son_, 268.

Isabella, Archduchess, the Infanta, 156, 226.

Isham, Sir John, 372, 374.

Islands Voyage, 134-140.

James I, 30, 55, 171-7, 185-6, 194, 205, 209, 223, 227, 233, 239, 243, 256, 261, 278, 279-81, 291-2, 297, 303-6, 317, 332-3, 338, 349, 352-355, 360, 368, 370, 379, 381, 386, 387-93, 396-7.

Janssen, Cornelius, 29.

Jarnac, battle of, 11.

Jehu, 277.

Jersey, 160, 182, 192, 201, 226, 382.

_Jesuit and Recusant, Dialogue between_, 268.

Jezebel, 277.

John, Dr., 248.

Jones, Rev. Samuel, 326.

Jonson, Ben, 31, 270, 274-5, 300-1, 371.

Kelloway, 152.

Keymer, John, 36, 268.

Keymis, or Keemis, Captain Lawrence, 54, 111, 118, 121, 123-4, 190-2, 196, 246, 252, 290, 311, 318-9, 322-5, 329, 350.

Killigrew, William, 95, 98, 210.

King's Printers, 391.

King, Captain Anthony Wells, 111.

-- Captain Samuel, 319, 330, 333-6, 338-42, 388.

Kingsley, Canon Charles, 151, 204, 279, 328.

Knolles, Sir Thomas, 64.

Knyvett, or Knevett, Henry, 57.

-- Sir Thomas, Lord Knyvett, 290.

Lake, Sir Thomas, 181.

Lancerota, isle of, 315, 357.

Lane, Ralph, 45-6, 49, 64.

La Renzi, 186, 188, 192, 226.

Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester, 247.

Laudonnière, 43.

Lawes, Henry, 381.

Lazanna, Juan de, 322.

Le Clerc, 338-40, 344-5.

Le Grand Captain, 334.

Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 14, 20, 23, 32, 56.

Leigh, Captain Charles, 291.

-- Sir John, 329.

Leighton, Sir Thomas, 64.

Lennox, Esme Stuart, Duke of, 174-5, 255.

Leonard, the Indian, 291.

Leonello, the Venetian, 310-1.

Lingard, Rev. Dr. John, 113, 223, 225, 227.

Linschoten, Jan Huygen van, 83.

Lismore Castle and Manor, 70-1, 161-3.

Littlecote Hall, 209.

Littleton, John, 39.

Lloyd, David, 269.

Lorkin, Thomas, 378.

Lovelace, Captain Richard, 371.

Lowell, James Russell, 380.

Lundy Isle, 388.

Luttrell, Narcissus, 195.

Lyon's Inn, 12, 103.

McCarthy, Cormac, Lord of Muskerry, 158.

-- Florence, 18, 295.

Mace, Captain Samuel, 47, 161.

Macworth, 17.

Madre de Dios, 96.

Magrath Miler, Bishop of Lismore and Waterford, and Archbishop of Cashel, 70, 126.

_Mahomet, Life and Death of_, 269.

Main Plot, 193, 211, 346, 357.

Malet, Mr. Justice, Sir Thomas, 258.

Manourie, 335-8, 362-3, 376, 383, 387-8.

Mansel, Sir Robert, 208.

Manteo, 44-6.

Mar, John Erskine, Earl of, 187, 229.

Marêts, Comte de, 306-7.

Margaret's, St., 380-1.

Marie de Medici, 156, 306.

_Maritimal Voyage_, 257.

Markham, Sir Griffin, 184, 186, 188, 192, 200, 208, 236, 239-40, 244, 296.

Marriage, Spanish, 345.

_Marrow of History_, 282.

Martens, Veronio, 162.

Mary Stuart, 64, 182, 192.

Masham, Thomas, 161.

Matthew, Tobias, Bishop of Durham, and Archbishop of York, 101, 182.

-- Sir Toby, 198, 229.

Mayerne, Sir Theodore, 260, 328.

'May-game Monarchs,' 278.

Meere, John, 164-5, 209, 242, 263, 315, 369.

Mermaid Tavern, 157.

Meyricke, Sir Guilly, 136-7.

Millais, Sir John E., 7.

Milton, John, 30, 269, 397.

Moate, Captain, 290, 318.

_Model of a Ship_, 257, 267.

Moile, Henry, 18.

_Monarchy of Man_, 397.

Moncontour, battle of, 10.

Monk, General George, Duke of Albemarle, 382.

Monmouth, James, Duke of, 9.

Monson, Sir William, 127, 129, 131, 136, 138.

Montagu, Chief Justice, Sir Henry, Earl of Manchester, 365-7.

Montague, James Grahame, Bishop of Winchester, 368.

Montgomerie, Comte de, 9.

Montmorency, Admiral de, 308.

Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of, 279.

Mooney, John, 103.

More, Sir George, 295.

Morequito, King, 115.

Morgan, Sir William, 20.

Morgues, Jacques, 53.

Myrtle Grove, 70, 272.

Napier, Macvey, 208, 270.

_Narrative_, Captain King's, 388.

Nassau, Lewis, Count of, 10.

Naunton, Sir Robert, 16, 22, 30, 35, 109, 328, 341, 343-4, 348-9, 351-2, 369, 389, 394-5.

Neville, Sir Henry, 156.

Newfoundland, 43, 161, 327, 329.

Ninias, 280.

Norreys, Sir Thomas, 30.

Norris, Sir John, 11, 64, 67.

North, Captain, 300.

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, 104, 152.

-- Henry Percy, 9th Earl of, 58, 173, 175-6, 182, 184, 223, 251, 273, 295, 329, 394. (For 10th Earl, _see_ Percy.)

Novion, David de, 338-40, 344.

Oldys, William, 265, 268, 281, 301, 388.

Orange, William I, Prince of, 11, 33.

-- Maurice, Prince of, 156, 300.

Oriel College, 7.

Orinoko River, 114.

Ormond, Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of, 19, 20, 33, 38.

Osborn, or Osborne, Francis, 230, 258, 280, 296, 368.

Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury, 101, 263.

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 219, 221, 250, 266, 292, 296, 328.

Palmer, 120.

Parham, Mr., 336.

-- Sir Edward, 186, 208, 336, 377.

Parker, Captain Charles, 300, 322, 325, 357.

Parry, Sir Thomas, 188, 193-4, 199, 200, 224.

Parsons, Rev. Robert, 106.

Paulett, Sir Anthony, 34, 160.

'Paul's-walker, the constant,' 394.

Paunsford, 13.

Peirese, Nicholas Claude Fabri de, 333.

Peirson, John, 54.

Pelissier, General Aimable Jean Jacques, Duc de Malakhoff, 10.

Pembroke, Henry Herbert, Earl of, 69, 79.

-- William Herbert, Earl of, 89, 237, 241, 296, 300, 305, 310, 381.

-- Mary Sidney, dowager Countess of, 237.

Pennington, Captain, 311, 330, 364.

Percy, Algernon, Lord, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 375.

-- Thomas, 251.

Perrot, Sir John, 15.

-- Sir Thomas, 13.

-- Lady Dorothy, _see_ Devereux.

_Petition, Humble_, Sir Lewis Stukely's, 387, 389.

Pett, Phinehas, 257, 299.

Pewe, Hugh, gentleman, 40.

Peyton, Sir Edward, 30.

-- Sir John, 194, 201.

-- John, junior, 201.

Philip II, of Spain, 64, 186, 285.

-- III, 357, 385-6.

Phillips, Serjeant, Sir Edward, Speaker, and Master of the Rolls, 209, 216, 242.

-- Sir Robert, 263.

Piers, Captain, 20.

Piggot, Captain, 316.

_Pilgrimage, The_, 238-9.

Pinkerton, John, _alias_ Robert Heron, 282-3.

Plague, 103, 207, 247-8.

Plumer, Thomas, 299.

Polwhele, Rev. Richard, 1, 100, 101.

Ponte, Isabel de, 2.

Pope, Alexander, 164, 278.

Popham, Chief Justice, Sir John, 209, 221, 260-1.

Portraits of Ralegh, 28-9.

Pory, J., 386, 394.

Potatoes, 49.

'Poverty an imprisonment of the mind,' 241.

Poyntz, 49.

_Prerogative of Parliaments_, 267, 269, 284-6, 292, 296.

Prest, Agnes, 5.

Preston, Sir Amias, 112, 119, 166, 289.

Primero, a game of, 143.

_Prince, The_, 267.

_Princes, Premonition to_, 268.

Puckering, Sir Thomas, 378.

Pullison, Lord Mayor, 34.

Putijma, 118, 124, 318.

Puttenham, George, 30, 77.

Pym, John, 207, 314, 397.

Pyne, Henry, 162, 314-5, 369.

Pyrrhus, 277.

Raleana, the, 115.

Ralegh, Adrian, 50.

-- Sir Carew, 2, 31, 44, 86, 103, 157, 166, 242, 248.

-- Mr. Carew, 30, 104, 163, 243, 248, 261, 264, 302, 305, 314, 327, 368, 381-3.

-- George, 2.

-- George, junior, 104, 249, 300, 318-9, 322-3.

-- John, 2.

-- Margaret, 2.

-- Mary, 2.

-- Philip, 30, 282, 381.

-- Walter, Sir Walter's father, 2-5, 31.

-- Walter, son, 29, 30, 165-6, 243, 248, 261-2, 300-1, 317; death, 321, 323.

-- Walter, grandson, 381.

-- Sir Walter; his birth, 6; birthplace, 6-7; boyhood, 7; at Oriel College, 7-9; chronological difficulties; serves with the Huguenots for six years, 9-11; in the War of the Netherlands, 11; a law student at Lyon's Inn and the Middle Temple, 12, 13; at Islington in 1577, 13; joins in Humphrey Gilbert's Norimbega expedition, 14-15; a Captain in Munster, 16; at the Smerwick massacre, 17; surprises Lord Barry's and Lord Roche's castles, 18-19; a Commissioner for Munster, 20; brings home despatches. 21. Advice to the Council on Irish affairs, wins the Queen's favour; 22-3; Thomas Fuller's story, 23-4; his relations to the Queen, 25-7; invidious versatility, 27; aspect, 28-9; spelling of his name, 30-31. Attendance on the Duc d'Anjou, 33; Warden of the Stannaries, and Captain of the Guard, 34-5; wine licenser, 36; controversy with University of Cambridge, 36-7; an Undertaker for Munster, 37-8; the Babington forfeiture, 39; extravagance and neediness of Elizabethan courtiers, 40. Forbidden to voyage with Humphrey Gilbert, 42; equips expedition to Virginia, 43-4; sends settlers, 45-8; imports tobacco and potatoes, 49; privateering, 50-2. A patron of literature, 53-5; deference to Earl of Leicester, 56-7; befriends Earl of Oxford, 57; 'damnably proud,' 58; passion for management, 59. Essex's jealousy, 61-2; sups at Lord Burleigh's with Lady Arabella Stuart, 63; council of war against the Armada, 64; the Armada, 65; 'a morris dance upon the waters'; danger of grappling, 66; expedition against Lisbon, 67; dispute with Colonel Roger Williams, 68. Reported loss of royal favour, 69; Lismore Castle and Myrtle Grove, 70; visit to Edmund Spenser, 71; the _Faerie Queene_, 72; _Cynthia_, and its date, 73-5; Ralegh's sonnet to Spenser, 76; his poetic gifts, 77; their limitations, 78; disputed authorship of poems, 79-80. Commissioned to intercept the Plate Fleet; replaced by Sir Richard Grenville, 82; narrative of Grenville's fight with the Spaniards, 84; invective against Spanish ambition and cruelty, 85; threatened duel with Lord Howard of Effingham, 84; equips an expedition to avenge the Revenge, 86; sails, and is superseded by Burgh and Frobisher, 87. Disgrace and imprisonment, 88; the alleged intrigue with Elizabeth Throckmorton, 89; difficulties in the charge, 90; balance of improbabilities, 91; extravagances to move the Queen's pity, 92-3; place of confinement, and his keeper, 94; discontent with Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam, 95; 'a fish with lame legs, and lamer lungs,' _ibid._; capture of the Madre de Dios, 96; her riches; Robert Cecil and he sent to Plymouth to realize them, 97; joy of his servants and step-brother, 98; worth of the cargo, and the Queen's share, 99. His homes; negotiations for Hayes, 100-1; demise of Sherborne and its manors, 102; amusements and occupations, 103; Durham House, and other London residences, 104-5; House of Commons, 105-6; goes to sea; despotic Irish policy, 107. Court rumours concerning him, and fears; plans Guiana expedition, 108; Lady Ralegh's anxiety, 110; Whiddon's pioneering voyage, 111; Ralegh sails, _ibid._; captures San Giuseppe, and Antonio de Berreo, 113; navigates the Orinoko, 114; an Indian centenarian, 115; native marvels, 116; gold, 117-8; return, 119; narrative of the expedition, 120; further explorations, 121-4. Preparations against Cadiz, 125-6; attack on the harbour, 127-9; on the town, 129; discontent at share of spoil, 130; comes to London, 131; received back into royal favour, 133; league with Cecil and Essex, 133-4; The Islands Voyage, 135; conquest of Fayal, 137; Essex's wrath, 138; disappointments, 139. 'The killing of a rebel,' 142; relations with Essex; friendly, 143-4; hostile, 145-50; interview with Gorges, 149; presence at execution of Essex, 150; warning to Cecil against relenting, 151-2; obscurities in the letter, 153-4. A mark for Oxford's sarcasms, 155; with Prince Maurice, Sully, and Biron, 156; at the Mermaid Tavern, 157; Member for Cornwall, 158; speech on monopolies, 159; Governor of Jersey, 160; improvements at Lismore Manor, 161; its sale, 162; Sherborne Castle, 163-4; disputes with Meere, 165; with Sir Amias Preston, 166-7. Cordiality of Cecil, 169-70; the rift, 171; relations with King James, 173-5; Henry Howard's hatred of the 'accursed duality,' or 'triplicity,' 175; Ralegh's amity with Cobham, 177. Elizabeth's death, and Ralegh's cold reception by James, 180-81; dismissal from Captaincy of the Guard, 181; ejectment from Durham House, 183; overtures of Sully, 184. The Bye and Main Plots, 186 _et seq._; examined by Lords of the Council, 189; accused of complicity by Cobham, 191; inquiries by Waad, 192; attempt at suicide, 194; an apocryphal letter of farewell, 195-8; absurd statement by de Thou; Cobham's remorse and retractations, 201-3; a combination of enmities, 203-5. The indictment, 207; journey to Winchester; brutish mob fury, 208; the trial, 209-20; Coke's insults, 212; rules of evidence in treason prosecutions, 213-5; Cobham's renewed charge, 217; Ralegh's 'amazement,' 218; produces Cobham's letter to himself, 219; verdict of guilty, and judgment, 220; noble demeanour, 221. Legally innocent, 222-5; and morally, 225-8; general admiration, 229-30. The hero abased, 232; the explanation, 234-6; preparing for death; farewell to wife, 237; reprieved, 239-40. The legal penalties, 241; their mitigation, 243; vain prayers for freedom, 245; bodily ailments, 246-7; his Tower home and household, 247-9; petty tyranny of Waad, 249-50; suspected implication in Gunpowder Plot, 251; other imputed crimes, 252; favour of Queen Anne, 254; of Prince Henry, 255; the Savoy Marriages, 256; naval construction, 257; Cecil's death, 257; Prince Henry's, 260; loss of Sherborne, 260-4. Scientific, 265-7, and literary pursuits, 267-70; 'no slug,' 273; _History of the World_, 270; collaborators, 273-5; date of publication, 275; defects, 276; merits, 277-9; applause from all, 279; except the King, 280-81; cause of interruption of the work, 282-4; _Prerogative of Parliaments_, 284-6. Visions of Guiana gold mines, 287-92; the opportunity, 292-3; payments to Edward Villiers and William St. John, 294; enlargement, 295; fable of meeting with Robert Carr. Equipment of ships for Guiana, 299; commission with omissions, 301; Lord Keeper Bacon's view of the superfluity of a pardon; alleged avowal of designs upon the Plate Fleet, 303; Gondomar's protests, 304; James's deference to them, 305; the French envoy's visit to Ralegh's flagship, 307; further negotiations with France, 307-10; and with Savoy, 310-11. Departure of the fleet from Plymouth, 313; stay at Cork, and Boyle's hospitality, 314-5; panic at Lancerota, 315; secession of Captain Bayley; the Lady of Gomera, 316; sickness in the Fleet, _ibid._; arrival in Guiana, and organisation of expedition to the mine; 317; Ralegh's ignorance of the position of San Thome, 318; his instructions, 319; despatch of Walter and George Ralegh, with Keymis, 320; at Puncto Gallo; hears of Walter's death in the San Thome skirmish, 323; angry reception and death of Keymis, 324-5; deserted by Whitney and Wollaston, 326; writes to Winwood and Lady Ralegh from St. Christopher's, 328-9; arrives at Kinsale from Newfoundland, 330. Meeting with Lady Ralegh at Plymouth, June 21, 331; Sir Lewis Stukely directed to arrest him and his ship, 334; escape planned, and abandoned, 334; journey, with Stukely and Manourie, 335; malingering at Salisbury; and composition of _Apology_, 336; Manourie's treachery, 338; interviews with French Agents, 338-9; flight, and return to the Tower, 341-2. Last interview with Stukely, 343; examined by the Privy Council, 344; Sir Thomas Wilson's endeavours to extort evidence from him, 346-52; Sir Allen's and Lady Apsley's kindness, 347-8; appeals to the King and Villiers, 349-51; dilemma of the Government, 355-7; recourse to the Main Plot, 357. A quasi-trial, 359-64; the decision, 364-5; execution granted by the King's Bench, 366-7; testamentary note, 369. At the Gate-house, 371; 'fearlessness, with reverence and conscience,' 372; farewell to his wife, 373; and to life, 374; on the scaffold, 375-8; on the block, 379. Burial, 380; popular wrath, and vengeance, 386-9. Durability of the national sympathy, 394-8; contradictions in character and career, 398-400.

Ralegh, Wimund, 1.

-- Elizabeth Throckmorton, Lady, 30, 88-91, 104, 110, 119, 144, 151, 163, 169-70, 175-6, 237, 243, 248, 250-52, 254, 261-2, 288, 305, 311, 317, 329, 331, 334-6, 351-2, 358, 368-9, 373, 380-2, 384-5.

_Ralegh's, Sir Walter, Ghost_, 395.

Ralegh, City of, 46.

Ramsay, John, Viscount Haddington, and Earl of Holderness, 290, 314.

Reeks, of Ratcliff, 315, 331.

Register, Oxford, 8, 31.

-- Stationers', 31, 275.

Registers, Middlesex, 13.

Rehoboam, 278.

_Revenge, The_, 83.

Reynerson, Albert, 51.

Rich, Sir Henry, Captain of the Guard, and, 1624, Earl of Holland, 375.

_Richard the Second_, 134.

Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de, 306-7.

Rimenant, battle of, 11.

Roche, Maurice, Viscount Roche and Fermoy, 18.

-- David, Viscount Roche and Fermoy, 314.

Roe, Sir Thomas, 299.

Ros, William Lennox Lascelles, Lord de, 248.

Ross, Alexander, 275, 281.

_Royal Navy, and Sea Service_, 257, 267.

Royal Society anticipated, 55.

Rushworth, John, 186, 385.

Russell, Sir William, 146, 148.

Rutland, Elizabeth Sidney, Countess of, 266.

Sackville, Sir Edward, 375.

St. John, Sir Oliver, Lord St. John, and Earl of Bolingbroke, 330.

-- Sir William, 294, 302, 340-2.

St. Leger, Sir Warham, 20.

-- Sir Warham, junior, 300, 318, 357, 364.

Samson's foxes, 211.

Sampson, the chemist, 266.

-- Captain, 252.

Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, 271.

Sanderson, William, 36, 242, 371.

-- Sir William, 243, 371.

_Sanderson's History, Observations upon_, 230, 243, 280, 294, 302.

Sandys, William, Lord, 157.

Sassafras, 170.

Savage, Sir Arthur, 156, 174.

Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of, 255-6, 310.

_Savoy Marriage_, 255-6, 267.

Scaramelli, 188, 194.

Scarnafissi, Count, 310-11.

_Sceptic, the_, 268.

Schomburgk, Sir Robert H., 119, 121, 307.

Scott, Sir Walter, 23.

Sebastian, King of Portugal, 142.

Selden, John, 371.

Semiramis, 280.

Seymour, Lord Henry, 160.

Sharpe, Rev. Dr., 387.

Sheffield, Edmund, Lord Sheffield, and Earl of Mulgrave, 375.

Shelbury, John, 242, 248.

Sherborne Castle, 88, 101-3, 163-7, 195. 243-4. 260-4, 335, 381-2.

_Ships, Invention of_, 257, 267.

Shirley, 137.

-- John, 258, 273.

Shrewsbury, Countess of, 359.

Sidney, Algernon, 274, 284.

-- Sir Philip, 57, 77.

-- Sir Robert, 146, 156, 177.

Simier, 32.

Simon, Pedro, 321.

Sixtus Senensis, 275.

Skory, Sylvanus, 329.

Sloane, Sir Hans, 265.

Smerwick massacre, 17.

Smith, Captain, 319.

-- Robert, 242.

-- Thomas, 47.

-- Widow, 112, 126.

Snagge, 167, 215.

Snedale, Hugh, 2.

-- Margaret, 36, 243.

-- Mary, 2.

Sommers, or Summers, Captain George, 112, 119.

_Soul, The_, 268.

Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of, 89, 143-4, 184, 192.

Southey, Robert, 55, 113.

Southwell, 127.

Sparrow, Francis, 117.

Spedding, James, 14, 304, 360-61, 364, 393.

Spence, Rev. Dr. Joseph, 278.

Spenser, Edmund, 17, 26, 71.

Stafford, Sir Edward, 89.

Standen, Sir Anthony, 132.

Stanhope, Sir John, 49, 209.

_State, Maxims of_, 267, 286.

Steele, Sir Richard, 269.

Stewart, Dugald, 398.

Stow, John, 146.

Stowell, Sir John, 38.

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, 382.

Strype, Rev. John, 66.

Stuart, Arabella (Grey), 63, 172-3, 207, 211, 216, 250, 295.

Stukely, John, 45.

-- Sir Lewis, 30, 45, 150, 334-43, 362-3, 369, 377, 383-4, 386-9, 395.

-- Thomas, 142.

Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, duc de, Baron de Rosny, 156, 184, 254, 295.

Sussex, Thomas Ratcliffe, Earl of, 23, 33.

Swale, M.P., 159.

Talbot, John, 248, 316.

-- Mrs., 369.

Tarleton, Richard, 59.

Taxis, Juan de, 240.

Tempest, the Jesuit, 142.

Temple, Middle, 12, 103.

_Tenures before the Conquest_, 269.

Thome, San, or St. Thomas, 123, 290, 318, 320-23, 332, 350-51, 353-5, 357, 393.

Thomond, Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of, 330.

Thou, Jacques Auguste de, 199, 227.

Throckmorton, Sir Arthur, 91, 129, 131.

-- Sir Nicholas, 88, 213.

Thynne, Captain, 82.

-- Francis, 372.

Tichborne, Sir Benjamin, 157, 221, 239-40.

Tillage Act, 158.

Tissaphernes, 204.

Toparimaca, 115.

Topiowari, King, 115, 117, 123.

Torporley, 295.

Tounson, Robert, Dean of Westminster, and Bishop of Salisbury, 372-6, 378-9, 395.

Tower-hill, 248, 289.

Tower of London, 88, 246-7, 342-3, 387.

-- Beauchamp-tower, 248.

-- Bloody-tower, 194, 247, 249, 265, 297, 347.

-- Brick-tower, 94, 348.

-- Wardrobe-tower, 348.

-- White-tower, 248.

Treason, law of, 213-4.

Trelawny, Mayor of Plymouth, 313.

Triangle Islands, 317.

_Tubus Historicus_, 282.

Tunstall, Cuthbert, Bishop of London, and of Durham, 104.

Turner, Dr. Peter, 230, 247-8, 363.

Tyringham, 345.

Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, Earl of, 125.

Tyrwhit, Robert, 300.

Tytler, Patrick Fraser, 198.

Udal, Rev. John, 55.

Ulloa, Julian Sanchez de, 360, 364.

Vera, Domingo de, 110, 123.

Vere, Edward de, 17th Earl of Oxford, 57, 155.

-- Henry de, 18th Earl, 375.

-- Sir Francis, 126-8, 130-1, 134, 138.

Villiers, Sir George, Duke of Buckingham, 30, 263, 293-4, 328, 347, 350, 360, 367-8, 370, 395, 397.

-- Sir Edward, 294, 302.

Virginia, 44, 48, 101, 288-9.

Vyne, the, 157.

Waad, or Wade, Sir William, 192-3, 199, 208-9, 217, 249-51, 255, 266.

Walsingham, Sir Francis, 11, 14, 19, 22, 37, 42, 45, 57.

-- Lady, 144.

Walton, Izaak, 78.

Wanchese, 44-5.

_War by Sea, Art of_, 257, 284, 385.

_War in General_, 267.

_War with Spain_, 31.

Warburton, Mr. Justice, Sir Peter, 209.

Warner, William, 295.

Warwick, Lady Anne Russell, Countess of, 62.

Watson, Rev. William, 186, 193, 208, 215, 229, 236.

Watts, Sir John, 290.

Weekes, 387.

Welldon, or Weldon, Sir Anthony, 217, 255.

_West Indies, Treatise of the_, 270.

Westwood, 120.

Whiddon, Captain Jacob, 50, 111, 113.

White, Captain John, 46-7.

Whitelocke, Captain, 251.

Whitney, Aubrey's cousin, 249.

-- Captain, 311, 319, 320, 322, 325, 327.

Whyte, Rowland, 133, 144, 146, 151.

Wiemark, 394.

Williams, Sir Roger, 64, 67.

Wilson, Sir Thomas, 304-5, 308, 311, 326, 341, 343, 346-52, 358, 365, 368-9, 383-5.

Winchester Castle, 209, 228.

Wingina, King, 44, 46.

Winstanley, William, 282.

Winter, Admiral, 17.

Winwood, Sir Ralph, 156, 205, 293, 304-11, 323-4; death, 328, 337, 391-2.

Witherhead, Thomas, Bishop of Lismore and Waterford, 95.

Wollaston, Captain, 311, 319-20, 322, 325, 327.

-- Mr., 351.

Wolvesey Castle, 209.

Wood, Anthony à, 7, 54, 77, 89, 382.

Worcester, Edward Somerset, Earl of, 255, 344.

Wotton, Sir Henry, 23, 56, 138, 274, 382.

-- Sir Edward, Lord Wotton, 209.

Yelverton, Sir Henry, Mr. Justice, 362, 366, 389.

-- his commonplace book, 195.

Yeomen of the Guard, 34-5.

Zechelius, of Nuremberg, 266.

Zouch, Captain John, 21.

-- Lord, 332.

Zucchero, Federigo, 6, 28.

THE END.