Chapter 17

[Footnote 122: It prepares the way, however, only in the sense that it furnishes the mass out of which the organization arises. If there had been no social grouping through reproduction, there would yet have been ultimately filiation of men for the sake of mutually profitable enterprises. Blood-brotherhood and the treaty are devices indicating that early man had sufficient inventive imagination to do this. The tribal group may, in fact, be described as a fighting male organization living in a group of females.]

[Footnote 123: See L. von Dargun, _Mutterrecht und Vaterrecht_.]

[Footnote 124: J.W. Powell, "Wyandot Government", _First Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_, 1879-80, pp. 61ff.]

[Footnote 125: Waitz-Gerland, _Anthropologie der Naturvölker_, Vol. V, pp. 107ff.]

[Footnote 126: Lippert, _Kulturgeschichte_, Vol. II, p. 50.]

[Footnote 127: C.N. Starcke, _The Primitive Family_, p. 37.]

[Footnote 128: H.R. Schoolcraft, _History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States_, Vol. V, p. 167.]

[Footnote 129: Ibid., pp. 174-76.]

[Footnote 130: Bancroft, _Native Races of the Pacific States_, Vol. I, p. 351.]

[Footnote 131: Ibid., Vol. I, p. 219.]

[Footnote 132: A. Hovelaque, _Les Nègres_, p. 316.]

[Footnote 133: Von Dargun, _loc. cit._, p. 5.]

[Footnote 134: Waitz-Gerland, _loc. cit._, Vol. VI, pp. 774ff.]

[Footnote 135: McGee, _loc. cit._, p. 374.]

[Footnote 136: Schoolcraft, _loc. cit._, Vol. V, p. 654.]

[Footnote 137: Lieutenant Musters, "On the Races of Patagonia", _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. I, p. 201.]

[Footnote 138: R. Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwickelung der Strafe_, Vol. II, p. 272.]

[Footnote 139: A. Giraud-Teulon, _Les origines du mariage el de la famille_, p. 440.]

[Footnote 140: Von Dargun, _loc. cit._, p. 119.]

[Footnote 141: J.F. McLennan, _The Patriarchal Theory_, p. 235.]

[Footnote 142: E.M. Curr, _The Australian Race_, Vol. I, p. 107.]

[Footnote 143: Steinmetz, _loc. cit._, Vol. II, p. 273.]

[Footnote 144: F. Boas, "On the Indians of British Columbia", _Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science_, 1889, p. 838.]

[Footnote 145: Von Dargun, _loc. cit._, 121-25.]

[Footnote 146: Smith, _loc. cit._, p. 101.]

[Footnote 147: Spencer, _Descriptive Sociology_, Vol. V, p. 8, quoting Petherick, _Egypt, the Soudan, and Central Africa_, pp. 140-44.]

[Footnote 148: H.H. Bancroft, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 506.]

[Footnote 149: Simcox, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 211.]

[Footnote 150: Ibid.]

[Footnote 151: Morgan, _Ancient Society_, p. 169.]

[Footnote 152: Waitz-Gerland, _loc. cit._, Vol. VI, p. 20.]

[Footnote 153: Ellis, _Tour through Hawaii_, p. 391.]

[Footnote 154: Waitz-Gerland, _loc. cit._, Vol. VI, pp. 201-3.]

[Footnote 155: J. Lippert, _Kulturgeschichte_, Vol. II, p. 342.]

[Footnote 156: C.C. Closson, "The Hierarchy of European Races." _American Journal of Sociology_, Vol. III, pp. 315ff.]

[Footnote 157: William James, _Principles of Psychology_, Vol. II, pp. 410ff.]

[Footnote 158: _Journals of Two Expeditions_, Vol. II, p. 317.]

[Footnote 159: I have alluded in more than one paper to the theory of tropisms, but this does not imply an acceptance of this theory as stated by Loeb (_Der Heliotropismus der Thiere und seine Uebereinstimmung mil dem Heliotropismus der Pflanzen_), Vervorn (_Das lebendige Substanz_), and other representatives of the "mechanical" school of physiologists. The recent researches of Jennings seem to establish the view that reactions of the lower organisms to stimulation are less mechanical than has been assumed by this school. The current theory holds that "the action of the stimulus is directly on the motor organs of that part of the organism upon which the stimulus impinges, thus giving rise to changes in the state of contraction, which produce orientation." Jennings finds that "the responses to stimuli are usually reactions of the organisms as wholes, brought about by some physiological change produced by the stimulus.... The organism reacts as a unit, not as the sum of a number of independently reacting organs." H.S. Jennings, "The Theory of Tropisms," _Contributions to the Study of the Behavior of the Lower Organisms_ (Publications of the Carnegie Institution, 1904), pp. 106, 107.]

[Footnote 160: Cf. J.R. Angell and Helen B. Thompson, "A Study of the Relations between Certain Organic Processes and Consciousness," _The University of Chicago Contributions to Philosophy_, Vol. II, No. 2.]

[Footnote 161: Cf. John Fiske, _Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy_, Vol. II, pp. 342ff.]

[Footnote 162: Cf. R. Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwickelung der Strafe_, Vol. I, p. 305.]

[Footnote 163: See Groos, _The Play of Animals_, p. 283.]

[Footnote 164: See e.g., Krafft-Ebing, _Psychopathia Sexualis_, 3. Aufl., p. 10; Adams, "Some Phases of Sexual Morality and Church Discipline in Colonial New England," _Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society_, 2d Series, 1891, pp. 417-516.]

[Footnote 165: A.B. Ellis, _The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast_, pp. 249ff.]

[Footnote 166: Fison and Howitt, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, p. 206.]

[Footnote 167: Bonwick, _Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 55.]

[Footnote 168: Owen, _Transactions of the Ethnological Society_, New Series, Vol. II, p. 36.]

[Footnote 169: Turner, _Nineteen Years in Polynesia_, p. 424.]

[Footnote 170: Arbousset and Daumas, _Voyage and Exploration_, p. 249; Maffat, _Missionary Labors and Scenes in Southern Africa_, p. 53.]

[Footnote 171: Schoolcraft, _History, Condition, and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States_, Part I, p. 285.]

[Footnote 172: Jones, _Antiquities of the Southern Indians_, p. 70.]

[Footnote 173: John Hechenwelder, _History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations_, pp. 155-58.]

[Footnote 174: Ratzel, _History of Mankind_, Vol. II, p. 289.]

[Footnote 175: Ratzel, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 253.]

[Footnote 176: Irving, "Astoria," _Works_, Vol. VIII, p. 134.]

[Footnote 177: Ratzel, _loc. cit._, Vol. II, p. 130.]

[Footnote 178: Bancroft, _Native Races of the Pacific States_, Vol. I, p. 277.]

[Footnote 179: Featherman, _Social History of Mankind: Aoneo-Maranonians_, p. 364.]

[Footnote 180: W.J. Hoffman, "The Menomini Indians," _Fourteenth Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_, p. 288.]

[Footnote 181: A.F. Bandelier, "Report of an Archaeological Tour in Mexico," _Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America_, Vol. II, p. 138.]

[Footnote 182: Dorsey, "Siouxan Sociology," _Fifteenth Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology_, p. 225.]

[Footnote 183: Prov. 31:10-24.]

[Footnote 184: Morgan, _Ancient Society_, p. 111.]

[Footnote 185: Lewis and Clarke, _Travels to the Source of the Missouri_, ed. 1814, Vol. I, p. 60.]

[Footnote 186: G. Thompson, _Travels and Adventures in Southern Africa_, Appendix, p. 286.]

[Footnote 187: J.L. Burckhardt, _Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys_, Vol. I, p. 98.]

[Footnote 188: Post, _Bausteine einer allgemeinen Rechtswissenschaft_, Vol. I, p. 287.]

[Footnote 189: Macrae, "Account of the Kookies and Lunctas," _Asiatic Researches_, Vol. VII, p. 193.]

[Footnote 190: S.W. Baker, _The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia_, p. 125.]

[Footnote 191: _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, Vol. V, p. 195.]

[Footnote 192: Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 470.]

[Footnote 193: F. Boyle, _Adventures among the Dyaks of Borneo_, p. 170]

[Footnote 194: T.S. Raffles, _History of Java_, Vol. I, p. 309.]

[Footnote 195: R. Drury, _Madagascar_, p. 77.]

[Footnote 196: No notice is here taken of the moral content of forms of worship, since religious practices are to be regarded as reflections of social practices. Morality springs from human activity, and religious belief consists in positing human traits in spirits; but it is impossible to find in religious practice an element which did not before exist in human practice. Religion and art have a philosophical and an ideal side, and their representations may be regarded as more perfect and valid than the human models on which they are based, but the ground-patterns of both religion and art are those of human experience.]

[Footnote 197: J. Shooter, _The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country_, p. 102.]

[Footnote 198: Major J. Butler, _Travels and Adventures in Assam_, p. 88.]

[Footnote 199: Jones, _History of the Ojibway Indians_, p. 57.]

[Footnote 200: Von Seidlitz, "Ethnographische Rundschau," _Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie_, 1890, p. 136.]

[Footnote 201: Doughty, _Travels in Arabia Deserta_, p. 360.]

[Footnote 202: Cf. R. Steinmetz, "Endokannibalismus," _Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien_, Vol. XXVI.]

[Footnote 203: _Odyssey_ (translated by Butcher and Lang), i, 260.]

[Footnote 204: F. Mason, "On the Dwellings Works of Art, Laws, etc., of the Karens," _Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal_, 1868, p. 149.]

[Footnote 205: Bonwick, _Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 75.]

[Footnote 206: Ibid., p. 74.]

[Footnote 207: _Highlands of Central India_, p. 149.]

[Footnote 208: T. Williams, _Fiji and the Fijians_, p. 201.]

[Footnote 209: Owen, _Transactions of the Ethnological Society_, New Series, Vol. II, p. 35.]

[Footnote 210: Lewis and Clarke, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 421.]

[Footnote 211: The theories of Lubbock, Spencer, Tylor, Kohler, Huth, and Morgan are criticized by Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, pp. 311-19.]

[Footnote 212: Cf. Ploss, _Das Weib_, 3. Aufl., Vol. I, pp. 313ff.]

[Footnote 213: Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, pp. 213ff.]

[Footnote 214: Danks, "Marriage Customs of the New Britain Group," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XVIII, p. 281.]

[Footnote 215: Ploss, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 150.]

[Footnote 216: The evidence in this paper will bear chiefly on Australia, both because the natives are in a very primitive condition, and because the customs of the aborigines have been very fully reported by a large number of competent observers.]

[Footnote 217: Spencer and Gillen, _The Native Tribes of Central Australia_, p. 558.]

[Footnote 218: _The Australian Race_, Vol. I, p. 110.]

[Footnote 219: _Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 64.]

[Footnote 220: Howitt, "The Dieri and Other Kindred Tribes of Central Australia," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XX, p. 87; Roth, _Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines_, p. 174; Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, p. 93.]

[Footnote 221: Cf. pp. 136ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 222: Howitt, "The Dieri and Other Kindred Tribes of Central Australia," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XX, p. 58.]

[Footnote 223: Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, pp. 62, 63.]

[Footnote 224: Fison and Howitt, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, p. 200.]

[Footnote 225: Ibid., p. 354.]

[Footnote 226: Fison and Howitt, _loc. cit._, p. 288, quoting Rev. John Bulmer on the Wa-imbio tribe.]

[Footnote 227: Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, p. 554.]

[Footnote 228: _Loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 108. At the same time, Curr thinks that capture was formerly more frequent.]

[Footnote 229: Misapprehension as to the prevalence of marriage by capture is due in the main to two causes: (1) cases of elopement have been classed as cases of capture; (2) the so-called survivals of marriage by capture in historical times, of which so much has been made, are merely systematized expressions of the coyness of the female, differing in no essential point from the coyness of the female among birds at the pairing season.]

[Footnote 230: Curr, _loc. cit._, Vol. I, p. 107.]

[Footnote 231: _Loc. cit._, p. 181.]

[Footnote 232: Haddon, "Ethnography of the Western Tribes of Torres Straits," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XIX, p. 414.]

[Footnote 233: Ibid., p. 356.]

[Footnote 234: _Loc. cit._, p. 285.]

[Footnote 235: Cf. "The Gaming Instinct," _American Journal of Sociology,_ Vol. VI, pp. 736ff., _et passim_.]

[Footnote 236: Cf. pp. 208ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 237: William James, _Principles of Psychology_, Vol. II, p. 435.]

[Footnote 238: "The Evolution of Modesty," _Psychological Review_, Vol. VI, pp. 134ff.]

[Footnote 239: James, _loc. cit._, p. 436.]

[Footnote 240: Darwin's explanation of shyness, modesty, shame, and blushing as due originally to "self-attention directed to personal appearance, in relation to the opinion of others," appears to me to be a very good statement of some of the aspects of the process, but hardly an adequate explanation of the process as a whole. (Darwin, _Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals_, p. 326.)]

[Footnote 241: James R. Angell and Helen B. Thompson, "A Study of the Relations between Certain Organic Processes and Consciousness," _University of Chicago Contributions to Philosophy_, Vol. II, No. 2, pp. 32-69.]

[Footnote 242: The paralysis of extreme fear seems to be a case of failure to accommodate when the equilibrium of attention is too violently disturbed. (See Mosso, _La peur_, p. 122.)]

[Footnote 243: Cf. pp. 108ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 244: "Sex and Primitive Morality," pp. 149ff.]

[Footnote 245: Without making any attempt to classify the emotions, we may notice that they arise out of conditions connected with both the nutritive and reproductive activities of life; and it is possible to say that such emotions as anger, fear, and guilt show a more plain genetic connection with the conflict aspect of the food-process, while modesty is connected rather with sexual life and the attendant bodily habits.]

[Footnote 246: Groos, _The Play of Animals_, p. 285. The utility of these antics is well explained by Professor Ziegler in a letter to Professor Groos: "Among all animals a highly excited condition of the nervous system is necessary for the act of pairing, and consequently we find an exciting playful prelude is very generally indulged in" (Groos, _loc. cit._, p. 242); and Professor Groos thinks that the sexual hesitancy of the female is of advantage to the species, as preventing "too early and too frequent yielding to the sexual impulse" (_loc. cit._, p. 283).]

[Footnote 247: Old women among the natural races often lose their modesty because it is no longer of any use. Bonwick says that the Tasmanian women, though naked, were very modest, but that the old women were not so particular on this point. (Bonwick, _The Daily Life of the Tasmanians_, p. 58.)]

[Footnote 248: _Native Tribes of Central Australia_, p. 556.]

[Footnote 249: A.C. Haddon, "The Ethnography of the Western Tribes of Torres Straits," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XIX, p. 397; cf. also "The Psychology of Exogamy," pp. 175ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 250: _Loc. cit._, p. 336.]

[Footnote 251: Bonwick, _loc. cit._, p. 24.]

[Footnote 252: Karl von den Steinen, _Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens_, p. 192.]

[Footnote 253: Spencer and Gillen, _loc. cit._, p. 572.]

[Footnote 254: Westermarck, _History of Human Marriage_, p. 189.]

[Footnote 255: Pp. 167ff.]

[Footnote 256: See John Fiske, _Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy_, Vol. II, pp. 342ff.]

[Footnote 257: See, however, Topinard, _Éléments d'anthropologie générale_, pp. 557ff.]

[Footnote 258: Helen B. Thompson, _The Mental Traits of Sex_, p. 182.]

[Footnote 259: _The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa_, pp. 218ff.]

[Footnote 260: Whewell, _History of the Inductive Sciences_, Vol. I, p. 205.]

[Footnote 261: _Iliad_, iii, 233; translation by Lang, Leaf, and Myers.]

[Footnote 262: Thomson, _New Zealand_, Vol. I, p. 164.]

[Footnote 263: Shooter, _The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country_, p. 102.]

[Footnote 264: _Fresh Discoveries at Nineveh and Researches at Babylon: Supplement._]

[Footnote 265: Maine, _Popular Government_, p. 132.]

[Footnote 266: Ibid., p. 134.]

[Footnote 267: Smith, _Village Life in China_, p. 99.]

[Footnote 268: Ibid., p. 95.]

[Footnote 269: On the increase of insanity and feeble-mindedness see R.R. Rentoul, "Proposed Sterilization of Certain Mental Degenerates," _American Journal of Sociology_, Vol. XII, pp. 319ff.]

[Footnote 270: It is true that in many parts of the world, among the lower races, woman was treated by the men with a chivalrous respect, due to the prevalence of the maternal system and ideas of sympathetic magic; but she nevertheless did not participate in their activities and interests.]

[Footnote 271: A.E. Crawley, "Sexual Taboo," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XXIV, p. 233.]

[Footnote 272: _Loc. cit._, p. 227.]

[Footnote 273: Ibid., pp. 123-25.]

[Footnote 274: Danks, "Marriage Customs of the New Britain Group," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, Vol. XVII, p. 284.]

[Footnote 275: Burrows, "On the Native Races of the Upper Welle District of the Belgian Congo," _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, N.S. Vol. I, p. 41.]

[Footnote 276: Williams, _The Middle Kingdom_, Vol. I, p. 786.]

[Footnote 277: Cf. pp. 223ff. of this volume.]

[Footnote 278: _The Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans_, (Edited) by Hamilton Holt, pp. 100ff.

This peasant woman represents the true female type, and the American women in the scene represent the adventitious type of woman. The frail and clinging type is an adjustment to the tastes of man, produced partly by custom and partly by breeding. But in so far as the selection of frail women by men of the upper classes has contributed to the production of a frail or so-called "feminine" type in these classes, this applies to the males as well as the females of these classes. And there is, in fact, a more or less marked tendency to "feminism" apparent among the men and women of the "better classes." If we want to breed for mind, we can do so, but we must breed on better principles than beauty and docility.]

[Footnote 279: Ploss, _Das Weib_, 2 Auf., Vol. I, p. 46.]

INDEX

A

Abnormalities, 27. Abstraction, in lower races, 267. Adams, 115. Adolescence, 115. Adoption, 82, 88. Adventuress, 239. Aesthetic life and sex-susceptibility, 120. Agriculture: and woman, 136; as man's work, 145. Altruism, 120. Anabolism of female, 29, 35, 42, 48. Anaesthetics, 35. Angell, 105, 202. Animal environment of man, 136; more katabolic, 3. Animals: domestication of, 137; memory and judgment of, 253. Anomalies, 27. Aphrodisiacs, 176. Appendicitis, 253. Arbousset and Daumas, 126. Aristotle, 289. Asexual reproduction, 10. Associational and sympathetic relations, 105. Athleticism in women, 22. Attention, 279; break in, 108, 202, 207. Atrophied organs, 223.

B

Bachhofen, 70. Baker, 155. Bancroft, 76, 88, 141. Bandelier, 142. Bartels, 36. Battel, 62. Becquerel, 31. Behavior: regulation of, 211; standards of, 212, 214, 219. Billroth, 38. Birthrate, 13, 42; of Jews, 13; of metis, 13. Blood, 30, 48. Blood-brotherhood, 90. Blood-vengeance, 90. Blushing, 211. Boas, 84. Boccaccio, 194. Bonwick, 125, 168, 180, 210, 214. Bosman, 82. Bowdich, 116. Boyle, 156. Boys, training of, 152. Brain, 18, 49; methods of studying, 256; of apes, 253; of Chinese, 254; of Egyptians, 254; of negro, 254; relation of, to culture, 260; relation of, to social condition, 281; weight, 253. Bride-price, 78, 83. Brother-sister marriage, 89. Bruce, 27, Burckhardt, 153. Burgoin, 34. Burrows, 300. Butler, 159.

C

Cadet, 31. Calkins, 11. Campbell, 27, 29, 35, 40. Cannibalism, 163. Carle, 38. Caste, 93. Celibacy, 29. Chastity, attitude toward, 86, 170. Chemiotaxis, 103. Child, helplessness of, 226; parallelism between, and race, 281. Child-bearing, 313. Child-birth, 38. Child-marriage, 86, 169, 177. Children, punishment of, 152. Chivalry, 73. Choice and rejection, 104. Circumcision, 90. Civilization: nature of, 301; ours not of highest order, 314. Clan, 195. Class distinctions, origin of, 156. Closson, 92. Clothing: as ornament, 215; man's interest in, 139; origin of, 201; psychology of, 201-220. Clubfoot, 28. Clubs, among primitive men, 294. Coeducation, 311. Collins, 44. Comradeship, origin of, 120. Conflict interest, 98, 101, 105, 132, 137, 204, 243. Conservatism: among orientals, 284; of woman, morphological and physiological, 18, 19, 51. Control: based on male activity, 168; by old men, 184; in relation to sex, 55; primitive social, 55-94. Courage, 109, 132, 151. Courtship, 111, 208, 210, 213, 229, 235, 238. Cousins, marriage of, 13. Coyness of female, 208, 219. Crawley, 295. Criminal, 243. Criminality, 28. Crossing, 12, 57. Cruelty to women, 76. Culture, effect of higher on lower, 213. Cunning: analogue of constructive thought, 313; of woman, 292. Cunningham, 28. Curr, 180, 188, 190.

D

Dances, erotic, 177. Danks, 177, 299. Dargun, 70, 77, 82. Darwin, 15, 18, 202, 204. Deafmutism, 28. Defectives, 25. Delaunay, 14, 19, 34, 35. Depaul, 45. Despotism, 93. Development, problem of, 244. Diodorus, 153. Disreputable occupations, 242. Disvulnerability, 36. Divorce, 63. Domestication of animals, 137. Domestication of plants by women, 136. Dorsey, 142. Doughty, 161. Dress, as play interest, 237. Drudgery of primitive woman, 126, 131. Drury, 157. Düsing, 4, 5.

E

Economic dependence of man on woman, 137. Education for women, 245. Ellis, A.B., 90, 118, 269. Ellis, H., 4, 28, 38, 44, 201. Elopement, 184. Emotions, 104; as organic preparations for activity, 99, 131; complexity of, in man, 205, 209; organic basis of, 202; origin and classification of, 208. Endogamy, 57, 192. Environment and mind, 252. Equality of women in unadvanced societies, 231. Equilibrium of bodily processes, 202. Eroticism, 176. Eugenism, 290. Exchange of women, 179, 189, 194, 195. Exploitation of man by woman, 238. Exogamy, 13, 57, 78, 89, 175-97.

F

Familiarity and sex interest, 194. Farr, 41. Fatness, 29. Fear, paralysis of, 204. Featherman, 141. Female, anabolic, 3. Fenwick, 36, 37. Ferrero, 47. Fiske, 107, 226. Fison and Howitt, 124, 186, 187, 191. Forsyth, 168.

G

Galton, 290. Gambetta, brain of, 256. Game: effect of scarcity of, 143; preparation of, for food, 138. Geddes and Thomson, 3, 8. Genius, 24, 51. Giordano, 38. Giraud-Teulon, 82. Grange, 155. Grey, 101. Groos, 112, 208, 209. Group-marriage, 183. Growth, law of, in boys and girls, 6.

H

Habit, break in, 207, 218. Haddon, 190, 213, 214. Hammurabi, Code of, 276. Hanna, 21. Haushofer, 44. Hayem, 31, 32. Head-form, 19. Head-hunting, 155. Heckenwelder, 129, 131. Hegar, 29. Herodotus, 64. Hernia, 253. Hobbes, 128. Hoffman, 142. Homer, 164, 274. House, owned by woman, 135. Hovelaque, 77. Howitt, 61, 181. Hunting-pattern of interest, 280. Huschke, 19.

I

Idiocy, 24, 51, 254; increase of, 289. Ill-health in woman, 240. Imbeciles, 25. Incident, as social force, 287. Industry: and sex, 123-46; organization of, by man, 230. Infant mortality, 43. Infibulation, 177. Ingenuity in lower races, 277. Inhibition: and art, 283; in lower races, 263. Initiation, 90, 153. Insanity, 24, 51, 254; increase of, 289. Insomnia, 35. Instincts, persistence of, 99. Intelligence and culture, 260. Interest, hunting-pattern of, 280. Interests of savage and civilized, 279. Invention: and labor, 230; based on analogy, 278; psychology of, 277. Inventiveness of man, 146. Irving, 140.

J

Jacobs, 13. James, 98, 201. Jealousy, 217. Jennings, 104. Jews, 12. Jones, 32, 33, 48, 126, 161. Judgment, 104.

K

Kane, 76. Katabolism of male, 3, 33, 35, 40. Key, 6. Kinship, bond of clans, 195. Klebs, 8. Koch, 26. Korniloff, 31. Krafft-Ebing, 29, 115.

L