Part 2
#Rômae#, VII, 26, and often; #Tarentî#, XV, 30; salûbriôra #mîlitiae# quam #domî# esse iuvenum corpora, IV, 70 (locative: chiefly used with names of towns);--#in siccô#, I, 10; #in iîs locîs#, I, 11; #in# (on) #sinistrîs manibus#, II, 21; #in colle Quirînâlî#, II, 54; #in ârâ#, III, 4; #in mediâ urbe#, V, 23; ponte . . #in# (over) #Tiberî# factô, #in# (at) #ôre# Tiberis, V, 27;--#multîs locîs#, XXV, 17; #terrâ marîque#, XXI, 125;--#apud Tîcînum# amnem . . #apud Trebiam#, XIX, 16;--#ad# Caprae #palûdem#, II, 44; #ad# tertium #lapidem#, XIII, 12; #ad flûmen# Bagradam, XVII, 18.
_B._ EXPRESSIONS OF MOTION
1. PLACE FROM WHICH:
#Curibus# . . accîtus est, III, 2; #Tarquiniîs# . . profectus, VI, 1 (simple abl., especially with names of towns);--#â portâ# . . pergit, XIII, 5; #ab urbe# profectus, XIII, 13; #â lûdîs# pûblicîs revertêns, XVIII, 17;--dêlâbitur #ê caelô scissô# scûtum, III, 15; #ex eô locô# . . aufûgerat, IV, 20; dônec novae côpiae #ex Âfricâ# advenîrent, XVII, 3; #ex angustiîs# êvâsit, XIX, 38.
2. PLACE TOWARDS WHICH:
#Albam# properâvit, I, 25; Quî cum #Rômam# vênisset, III, 3; #Rômam# also in IV, 64, V, 20, and often; Pergunt inde #Collâtiam#, VIII, 21; Profectus #Delphôs#, IX, 4; #Carthâginem# rediit, XVII, 54; #domum# dêdûcunt, IV, 31; #domum# refugiêns, VII, 45; cum . . #domum# redîret, VII, 48 (simple accusative, chiefly with names of towns);--Cum lupa saepius #ad parvulôs# . . reverterêtur, I, 16; Remum . . #ad Amûlium# rêgem perdûxêrunt, I, 27; #ad Gabînôs# sê contulit, VIII, 4;--#in Âfricam# . . trâiêcit, XVII, 15; #in Îtaliam# vênit, XIX, 15; abiêcit #in Tiberim#, I, 7; Sabînôs #in urbem# recêpit, II, 38; aciem #in# (to) #collem# subdûxit, IV, 58; cum #in# (upon) #tribûnal# êscendisset, XII, 20; #In# (against) #eum# . . rediit, IV, 22; ausae sunt sê #inter têla# . . înferre, II, 36.
3. WAY BY WHICH:
#portâ# (abl. of means) #quâ# profectî erant, XI, 19; #Per# (over) #loca alta# âgmen dûcêbat, XIX, 23; Quî cum . . #per montês, per silvâs# hûc illûc discurrerent, XIX, 35.
_C._ EXPRESSIONS OF TIME[I.1]
1. TIME AT WHICH:
#Posterô diê#, IV, 61, VIII, 24; #Prîmô impetû#, II, 29; #Kalendîs Mârtiîs#, III, 20; #eâ tempestâte#, VI, 17; #nocte mediâ#, XIX, 68.
2. TIME WITHIN WHICH OR IN THE COURSE OF WHICH:
#Annô trecentêsimô# ab urbe conditâ, XII, 1; #eôdem annô#, XIII, 11; #bellô Latînô#, XIV, 11; #hôc bellô#, XIV, 12; #in proeliô#, VI, 26; #In proeliô quôdam, in quô#, VII, 8; #In quô bellô#, XV, 2.[I.2]
3. AGE:
fîlium #tredecim annôrum#, VI, 25; Hannibal . . #novem annôs nâtus#, XIX, 1.
[Footnote I.1: See also below, Ablative Absolute, _K_ 3.]
[Footnote I.2: The form with #in# is the more exact.]
_D._ DURATION OF TIME AND EXTENT OF SPACE
1. DURATION OF TIME:
Rômulus #septem# et #trîgintâ# rêgnâvit #annôs#, III, 38; rêgnâvit #annôs duôs# et #trîgintâ#, IV, 75; rêgnâvit #annôs quattuor# et #quadrâgintâ#, VII, 52; #per tôtum bîduum#, XIII, 87; #omnî deinde vîtâ#, XIII, 60. (This last form should not be imitated.)
2. EXTENT OF SPACE:
Iam #aliquantum# spatiî . . aufûgerat, IV, 20; centum et vîgintî #pedês# longum, XVII, 27; quînque diêrum #iter# . . abest, XXI, 163.
_E._ EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE
1. Pure purpose: #ut# or #nê# with the subjunctive:
#ut# eum subole #prîvâret#, I, 3; #ut# populum ferum religiône #mîtigâret#, III, 3; #ut esset# index pâcis et bellî, III, 25;--#nê# fûrtô auferrî #posset#, III, 16; #nê# duo violenta ingenia mâtrimôniô #iungerentur#, VII, 38.
2. Relative clause:
mîsit #quî# societâtem . . #peterent#, II, 5; Centum . . êlêgit, #quôrum# cônsiliô omnia #ageret#, II, 40; sacerdôtês lêgit, #quî# ancîlia . . #cûstôdîrent# et . . #ferrent#, III, 19; Rômam missus, #ubi# (= ut ibi) . . #interesset#, XXVIII, 8.
3. #Quô#[I.3] (whereby) with subjunctive:
#quô frequentius habitârêtur#, IV, 66 (see note); #quô minor# turba Rômae #foret#, XVIII, 21; #quô diûtius# in magistrâtû #esset#, XIX, 46.
4. Gerundive:
coniugî dedit #êducandôs#, I, 19; îgnem . . perpetuô #alendum# virginibus dedit, III, 4; agellum #colendum# locâvit, XVII, 36; #ad exercitum lûstrandum#, II, 44; mîlitês #ad vindicandum# facinus accendit, XII, 26.
5. Future participle:
quasi dê pâce #âctûrus#, rê vêrâ ut tempus extraheret, XVII, 2 (see note).
6. Supine:
aquam . . #petîtum# ierat, II, 17; ê suîs ûnum . . mittit #scîscitâtum#, VIII, 8; Cum . . lêgâtî Rômam vênissent #conquestum#, XIII, 81; pecora . . quae #pâstum# prôpulsa essent, XIX, 63.
7. Substantive clauses:
adfîrmâns . . Rômulum . . praecipere #ut# sêditiônibus #abstinêrent# et rem mîlitârem #colerent#, II, 51-53; Latînôrum populîs suâsit #ut# . . fânum Diânae . . in Aventînô monte #aedificârent#, VII, 25; optâvit #ut# frâter . . #revîvîsceret# atque iterum classem #âmitteret#, XVIII, 19; êdîxit #nê# quis . . in hostês #pûgnâret#, XIII, 42; Veritus autem #nê# . . poenâs #daret#, XVI, 21; petiit â patribus cônscrîptîs #nê# quid dê eâ rê #statuerent#, XIII, 83.
[Footnote I.3: This is merely a special form of (2), but its importance entitles it to separate treatment.]
_F._ EXPRESSIONS OF RESULT
1. Pure result: #ut# or #ut nôn# with the subjunctive:
ita omnium animôs eâ pietâte imbuit #ut# fidês . . cîvês #continêret#, III, 33; adeô frâctî . . sunt spîritûs . . #ut# nûllî reî posthâc nisi sacrîs operam #daret#, IV, 72; ita eôs adliciêns #ut# apud omnês plûrimum #posset#, VIII, 6.
Note that in the main clause there is usually some word like #ita#, #adeô#, #tam#, #tâlis#, #is#, which paves the way for the result clause.
2. Relative (characteristic):
invenîrî potuit nêmô, #quî . . peteret#, XXIII, 119; Ûnus adulêscêns fuit, #quî audêret# querî, XXIV, 50. Here too belongs #quîn# with the subjunctive: haud procul erat #quîn . . âgnôsceret#, I, 33; nôn esse dubium #quîn . . oportêret#, XVI, 27; Nêminî dubium est #quîn . . restituerit#, XIX, 105.
3. Substantive:
(Rômulus dîxit) #futûrum ut# omnium gentium dominî #exsisterent#, II, 53; #oportet# dîsciplînam, quam solvistî, . . #restituâs#, XIII, 54; #concessum est ut# . . praecinente tîbîcine â cênâ #redîret#, XVI, 16.
_G._ TEMPORAL CLAUSES[I.4]
1. #Ubi#, #ut#, or #postquam# with the indicative mood, especially the perfect tense:
#Ubi# spectâculî tempus #vênit#, II, 11; #Ut . . increpuêre# arma micantêsque #fulsêre# gladiî, IV, 13; Is #postquam adolêvit#, VII, 7; Quî #postquam# frequentês #convênêre#, XIII, 52.
2. #Dum# (while) with the indicative (the tense employed is generally the present):
Ea rês #dum# Numitôris animum anxium #tenet#, I, 36; #dum# Albânus exercitus #inclâmat# Cûriâtiîs, IV, 23; Latînus #dum# ad Tiberim #dêscendit#, sacerdôs bovem immolâvit, VII, 34.
3. #Dum#, #dônec# (until) with the subjunctive:
#dum convalêsceret# (indirect discourse also), VII, 17; ut tempus extrâheret, #dônec# novae côpiae ex Âfricâ #advenîrent#, XVII, 3 (partly purpose).
4. #Antequam# and #priusquam# with the subjunctive:
Alterum . . #priusquam# tertius #posset# cônsequî, interfêcit, IV, 24; #priusquam# eîs bellum #indîceret#, lêgâtum mîsit quî rês repeteret, V, 7; petiit . . nê quid . . statuerent #antequam# ipse #înspexisset# Macedonum . . causam, XIII, 83 (indirect discourse).
5. #Cum# with the imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive:
#cum# iîs #însidiâtî essent# latrônês, I, 22; #cum# Numitor . . #comparâret#, I, 30; #cum# (as) Rômae #appropinquârent#, II, 15; cum (while) . . côntiônem . . #habêret#, II, 44; Quî #cum# Rômam #vênisset#, III, 2. This form of temporal clause is extremely common.
[Footnote I.4: Cf. also Ablative Absolute, _K_ 3.]
_H._ CAUSAL CLAUSES[I.5]
1. Relative clause with the subjunctive:
quîppe #quî cerneret# ferrum ante oculôs micâns, accûsâtiônem dîmîsit, XIII, 8; cum in eam cîvitâtem animadvertere dêcrêvisset #quae# (= cum ea) sibi #adversâta fuisset#, XXVII, 37.
2. #Cum# with the subjunctive:
#Cum# vêrô uxôrês . . nôn #habêrent#, lêgâtôs circâ vîcînâs gentês mîsit, II, 3; #cum# sê invidiôsum . . #vidêret#, Vêientês . . adversus Rômânôs concitâvit, IV, 55; #Cum# . . facinora clandestîna #fierent#, Ancus carcerem . . aedificâvit, V, 21-25.
3. #Quod#,[I.6] #quia#, #quoniam#, or #quandô#, with the indicative:
#quia# tribus impâr #erat#, . . fugam capessîvit, IV, 18; #quandôquidem . . pûgnâvistî#, XIII, 53; #quia# nôn #pâruistî#, XIII, 77.
4. #Quod# with the subjunctive:
cum sê invidiôsum apud cîvês vidêret, #quod# bellum ûnô paucôrum certâmine #fînîsset#, IV, 55-56 (see note); Tarquinius fîlium . . #quod# in proeliô hostem #percussisset#, praetextâ . . dônâvit, VI, 25-27.
5. #Quasi# with the subjunctive (assumed reason):
eum accûsantês, #quasi# Numitôris agrôs înfêstâre #solitus esset#, I, 28; Is cum îrâtus ad mortem dûcî iussisset mîlitem, #quasi# (because, as was supposed,) #interfêcisset# commîlitônem, XIII, 65.
NOTE.--These clauses resemble those in 4, as giving the reason ascribed to some one other than the writer. They show also that the reason is fictitious, and invented by the person who advances it.
[Footnote I.5: Cf. also Ablative Absolute, _K_ 4.]
[Footnote I.6: These conjunctions are regularly used with the indicative. They are employed with the subjunctive only when the writer is indirectly quoting the reason given by some one else.]
_I._ CONCESSIVE OR ADVERSATIVE CLAUSES
1. #Cum# (although) with the subjunctive:
#cum retinêrêtur# â propinquîs et amîcîs, tamen Carthâginem rediit, XVII, 53.
2. #Quamquam# with the indicative:
#quamquam . . pellêbâtur#, XXI, 242.
3. #Quamvîs# with the subjunctive:
#quamvîs sîs# molestus, XXVI, 158.
_J._ CUM CLAUSES
The temporal, causal, and concessive uses of #cum# have already been given separately. #Cum# was originally a temporal conjunction. From the temporal idea were developed its other meanings. So the English _when_ frequently contains the ideas of time and cause, or time and concession combined, and _while_ also is frequently at once temporal and concessive. So #cum# also may represent these ideas in combination as well as separately. In many cases, indeed, it is difficult, if not impossible, to decide which meaning is more prominent: cf.
#Cum# (_when_ and _since_) lupa saepius ad parvulôs . . #reverterêtur#, I, 16; Hîs artibus #cum# (_when_ and _although_) Hannibalem Fabius . . #clausisset#, ille . . sê expedîvit, XIX, 31.
_K._ THE ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
1. FORM.--The ablative absolute consists usually of a noun and a participle. The participle is generally passive, but often active: #Eô rêgnante#, IV, 3; #relâbente flûmine#, I, 9.
2. Often, however, the ablative absolute consists of a noun and adjective, or of two nouns, or a noun and pronoun. In such cases there is an ellipsis of the lost present participle of #sum#:
#mâgnâ glôriâ# bellî, IV, 75; #parî# ferê #ôrnâtû#, X, 6; #Appiô iûdice#, XII, 15; #Valeriô# et #Cossô cônsulibus#, XIV, 1.
3. MEANING.--The ablative absolute may denote
TIME; compare Temporal Clauses, _G_ 1, 2, and 5.
#pulsô frâtre#, rêgnâvit, I, 3; #Eâ rê côgnitâ#, parvulôs . . abiêcit in Tiberim, I, 5; #armâtîs pâstôribus#, Albam properâvit, I, 25.
NOTE.--This is the original and most frequent use of the ablative absolute.
4. CAUSE: compare Causal Clauses, _H_ 2 and 3.
#ortâ# inter eôs #contentiône#, I, 40; dûrissimâ squâmârum #lôrîcâ# omnia têla facile #repellente#, XVII, 22; in cônfertâ multitûdine aegrê #prôcêdente carpentô#, XVIII, 17.
5. CONCESSION:
agrum êius, #omnibus# circâ #vâstâtîs#, intâctum relîquit, XIX, 39.
6. Often time and cause together: compare note on Cum Clauses, _J_. Examples are:
#mîlitibus# sêgnius #dîmicantibus#, raptum sîgnum in hostem mîsit, VII, 9; #occîsô Tatiô#, ad Rômulum potentâtus omnis recidit, II, 40.
7. CONDITION:
#rê# male #gestâ# (if he fails), XVI, 31; nê, #dêsertô# agrô, nôn esset (lest, if he neglected his farm, he might not have), XVII, 34.
8. MEANS:
#advectîs ballistîs# et #catapultîs# (by bringing up, etc.) . . dêiciendus hostis fuit, XVII, 23.
9. ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCE:
#crînibus passîs#, II, 36; #mâgnâ glôriâ# bellî rêgnâvit, IV, 75; scrîbâ cum rêge #parî ferê ôrnâtû# sedêbat, X, 6.
10. The ablative absolute is often best translated by the English perfect active participle with an object: #armâtîs pâstôribus#, I, 25, _having armed_ the shepherds. A combination of an abl. abs. and a finite verb is often best rendered by two verbs in the same mood and tense: #interêmptô Amûliô#, Numitôrem in rêgnum #restituit#, I, 37, _he killed_ Amulius _and restored_ Numitor to the throne.
_L._ PARTICIPLES
In Latin the participles, especially the perfect passive participle, are used far more frequently than in English, and with a much larger variety of meanings. The use of the participle tends to produce brevity of expression. Thus the Latin participle may be equivalent to
1. A RELATIVE CLAUSE:
#raptae# mulierês, II, 35; Rômânus . . male #sustinentem# (= quî male sustinêbat) arma Cûriâtium cônficit, IV, 29; ab laniô cultrô #adreptô# (with a knife _which he caught up_ from a butcher's stall), XII, 24; #volentibus# (= eîs quî volêbant) cônsulere sê dê iûre praebuit, XIII, 97.
2. A CAUSAL CLAUSE:
necessitâte #compulsus# indicâvit, I, 24; nômina mûtâre nôn potuit #dêterritus# . . Nâviî auctôritâte, VI, 16; Hôc terrôre cêterî #adâctî# nômina prômptius dedêrunt, XV, 25.
3. A CONCESSIVE CLAUSE:
#victus# (though beaten) crucis supplicium effûgit, XVI, 30.
4. Latin often uses a perfect passive participle in agreement with a noun, where, judging from English usage, we should expect a noun with a limiting genitive:
ob #virginês# raptâs (on account of the _seizure of_ the maidens), II, 14; Annô trecentêsimô ab #urbe conditâ# (from the _founding of_ the city), XII, 1.
5. English is fond of coördinated verbs, that is, verbs in exactly the same mood, tense, and construction, _e.g._ 'They took the ass and saddled him.' Latin, however, objects to such constructions, and prefers to replace the former of the two verbs by some other form of expression, _e.g._ a passive or deponent participle. We have to notice here two classes of sentences:
(_a_) Such sentences as fulmine #îctum cônflagrâsse#, IV, 74, which = fulmine #îctum esse et cônflagrâsse#, _i.e._ 'he _was struck_ by lightning _and burned_,' etc.
(_b_) such sentences as the following: parvulôs alveô #impositôs abiêcit#, I, 6 = parvulôs alveô #imposuit et abiêcit#; #êlatam# secûrim in êius caput #dêiêcit#, VI, 37 = #extulit# secûrim #et# in êius caput #dêiêcit#; côniugem ê Cûriâ #êvocâtum# . . rêgem #salûtâvit#, VII, 47 = côniugem ê Cûriâ #êvocâvit et# eum rêgem #salûtâvit#.
_M._ INDIRECT DISCOURSE
1. INDIRECT DISCOURSE DEFINED.--The terms _Direct Discourse_ and _Indirect Discourse_ denote the two distinct ways in which a writer may quote the statement or represent the thought of another person. If the writer gives the exact words in which the statement was made, or in which the thought was formulated (if put into words at all), he is said to use the _direct_ discourse. If, on the other hand, he gives merely the substance or the gist of his own or another's statements or thoughts, he is said to use the _indirect_ discourse. In Latin, as in English, the indirect discourse is more common than the direct.
2. In passing from the direct discourse to the indirect, numerous changes become necessary. These may, however, be readily grouped under two heads: (_a_) those which occur in principal clauses, and (_b_) those which occur in subordinate clauses.
3. CHANGES IN PRINCIPAL CLAUSES.--Principal clauses may be declarative, interrogative, or imperative; that is, they may make a statement, ask a question, or give expression to a command. We thus have to consider three forms of principal clauses: (_a_) Statements, (_b_) Questions, (_c_) Commands.
4. STATEMENTS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
All Statements of the Direct Discourse, on passing into the Indirect, fall into the infinitive mood, because they become objects of verbs of saying:
adfîrmâns #vîsum# (sc. #esse#) â sê Rômulum . . eundemque #praecipere#, II, 51 (direct form, #vîsus est# â mê Rômulus . . îdemque #praecipit#); prôclâmâbat fîliam suam iûre #caesam esse#, IV, 43 (direct form, fîlia mea iûre #caesa est#); minâtur sê vî #abstrâctûrum#, XII, 12 (direct form (ego) vî tê #abstraham#).
5. QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
All Questions of the Direct Discourse, on passing into the Indirect, fall into the subjunctive mood, because they are in reality dependent on a verb of asking. No example of a question in formal indirect discourse occurs in the selections contained in this book. Indirect questions (cf. p. 3, n. 2), however, fall under this general head as giving some one's thoughts without quoting his exact words.
6. COMMANDS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
All Commands of the Direct Discourse, on passing into the Indirect, fall into the subjunctive, because they are in reality dependent on some verb like _imperâvit_, to be supplied in thought:
proinde #nê gravârêtur# sê spectandum praebêre, XXI, 289 (direct form, #Nôlî gravârî# tê spectandum praebêre); satis cônstat Sullam . . prôclâmâsse, #vincerent#, dummodo scîrent, XXVII, 12-15 (direct form, #Vincite#, dummodo sciâtis).
7. SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
All Subordinate Clauses of the Indirect Discourse have their verbs in the subjunctive mood:
Tatius . . Tarpêiae optiônem mûneris dedit, #sî . . perdûxisset#, II, 19-21 (direct form, dô or dabô optiônem mûneris, #sî . . perdûxeris#: see note); Illa petiit quod #gererent#, II, 21 (direct form, Petô quod . . #geritis#).
The grammatical references in the footnotes are to the Latin Grammars in most common use; H = Harkness' Complete Latin Grammar, references to Harkness' Standard Grammar being inclosed in parentheses; M = Lane & Morgan; A = Allen & Greenough; G = Gildersleeve; B = Bennett.
The original Latin city comprised only the Palatine and a small portion of the surrounding territory. The Etruscans inhabited the Caelian Hill, and extended toward the Esquiline. The Sabine town occupied the Quirinal, which was originally connected with the Capitoline, on which was the Sabine citadel, by a ridge sloping toward the Forum and the Campus Martius. Ancus Marcius added to the city the Aventine, and built a fortress on the Janiculum. Servius Tullius added the Viminal and Esquiline, and inclosed the seven hills with a line of fortifications, of which one portion is still traceable. The ridge connecting the Capitoline and Quirinal was a barrier which cut the town in two. The only means of communication between the two halves of the city, when its population had reached nearly two million inhabitants, were the narrow strip of land between the Capitoline and the river and a lane ten feet wide crossing the ridge. To relieve the pressure, this ridge was cut away by the Emperor Trajan, in whose Forum on the site of the excavations stands the well-known 'Trajan's Column,' 140 feet high, 'erected to show to posterity how high was the mountain leveled by the Emperor.' The business portion of the modern city occupies the Campus Martius, its main artery, the famous 'Corso,' following the line of the ancient street shown on the plan. See Lanciani, _Ancient Rome_, p. 86.
URBIS RÔMAE VIRÎ INLÛSTRÊS
#I. Romani imperii exordium# [[stripped text]]
Proca, rex Albanorum, Numitorem et Amulium filios habuit. Numitori, qui natu maior erat, regnum reliquit; sed Amulius, pulso fratre, regnavit et, ut eum subole privaret, Rheam Silviam, eius filiam, Vestae sacerdotem fecit, quae tamen Romulum et Remum geminos edidit. Ea re cognita Amulius ipsam in vincula coniecit, parvulos alveo impositos abiecit in Tiberim, qui tunc forte super ripas erat effusus; sed, relabente flumine, eos aqua in sicco reliquit. Vastae tum in iis locis solitudines erant. Lupa, ut fama traditum est, ad vagitum accurrit, infantes lingua lambit, ubera eorum ori matremque se gessit.
Cum lupa saepius ad parvulos veluti ad catulos reverteretur, Faustulus, pastor regius, re animadversa eos tulit in casam et Accae Larentiae coniugi dedit educandos. Adulti deinde hi inter pastores primo ludicris certaminibus vires auxere, deinde venando saltus peragrare et latrones a rapina pecorum arcere coeperunt. Quare cum iis insidiati essent latrones, Remus captus est, Romulus vi se defendit. Tum Faustulus, necessitate compulsus, indicavit Romulo quis esset eorum avus, quae mater. Romulus statim armatis pastoribus Albam properavit.
Interea Remum latrones ad Amulium regem perduxerunt, eum accusantes, quasi Numitoris agros infestare solitus esset; itaque Remus a rege Numitori ad supplicium traditus est; at cum Numitor, adulescentis vultum considerans, aetatem minimeque servilem indolem compararet, haud procul erat quin nepotem agnosceret. Nam Remus oris lineamentis erat matri simillimus aetasque expositionis temporibus congruebat. Ea res dum Numitoris animum anxium tenet, repente Romulus supervenit, fratrem liberat, interempto Amulio avum Numitorem in regnum restituit.
Deinde Romulus et Remus urbem in iisdem locis, ubi expositi ubique educati erant, condiderunt; sed orta inter eos contentione, uter nomen novae urbi daret eamque imperio regeret, auspicia decreverunt adhibere. Remus prior sex vultures, Romulus postea duodecim vidit. Sic Romulus, victor augurio, urbem Romam vocavit. Ad novae urbis tutelam sufficere vallum videbatur. Cuius angustias inridens cum Remus saltu id traiecisset, eum iratus Romulus interfecit, his increpans verbis: "Sic deinde, quicumque alius transiliet moenia mea!" Ita solus potitus est imperio Romulus.
[[1]]
#I. Rômânî imperiî exôrdium# [[as printed]]
Proca,[1] rêx Albânôrum, Numitôrem et Amûlium fîliôs habuit. Numitôrî, quî nâtû[2] mâior erat, rêgnum relîquit;[3] sed Amûlius, pulsô[4] frâtre, rêgnâvit et, ut[5] eum subole[6] prîvâret,[5] Rhêam [[2]] Silviam, êius fîliam, Vestae[1] sacerdôtem fêcit, quae[2] tamen {4} Rômulum et Remum geminôs êdidit.[3] Eâ[4] rê côgnitâ Amûlius ipsam[5] in vincula coniêcit,[6] parvulôs alveô[7] impositôs[8] abiêcit in Tiberim, quî tunc forte super rîpâs erat effûsus[9]; sed, relâbente flûmine, eôs aqua in siccô {10} relîquit. Vâstae tum in iîs locîs sôlitûdinês erant. Lupa, ut fâmâ[10] trâditum est, ad vâgîtum[11] accurrit, înfantês linguâ[10] lambit, ûbera eôrum ôrî[7] mâtremque[12] sê gessit. {15}
Cum[13] lupa saepius[14] ad parvulôs velutî ad catulôs reverterêtur,[13] Faustulus, pâstor rêgius,[15] rê[16] animadversâ eôs tulit in casam et {18} Accae Lârentiae coniugî dedit[17] êducandôs.[18] Adultî[19] deinde hî inter pâstôrês prîmô lûdicrîs[20] certâminibus vîrês auxêre,[21] deinde vênandô[22] saltûs peragrâre et latrônês â rapînâ[23] pecorum arcêre coepêrunt. Quârê cum[13] iîs însidiâtî essent[13] latrônês, Remus captus est, Rômulus[24] vî sê dêfendit. Tum Faustulus, {23} [[3]] necessitâte compulsus,[1] indicâvit Rômulô quis esset[2] eôrum avus, quae mâter. Rômulus statim armâtîs[3] pâstôribus Albam[4] {25} properâvit.