Chapter 31

Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, 1813, ii. 155-178; three divisions of the seaboard, Northern, Middle, and Southern, 178; distinctive topographical features of each, 178, 179, 183, 184, 193, 195; proportionate effect of the war upon each, with reasons therefor, 179-183; commercial and military characteristics of Middle section, 183-184; necessity of coasting trade to Middle, 184, less than to Northern and Southern, 185-187; effect of hostile pressure upon coasting in Northern section, 192-194; in Southern section, 195-198, 203; effectual separation between the sections by the British blockades, 198-201; statistics of export, 201; momentary importance of North Carolina coast, 203; effects of pressure upon seaboard shown by rebound upon peace, in prices, and in shipping statistics, 204-207; statement by a naval officer of the time, 207-208; operations in Chesapeake Bay, 1814, 336-341, 350-351; capture of Washington, 341-350; occurrences on New England coast, 352; invasion of Maine, and occupation of Castine, 353-354; Gulf coast and New Orleans, 382-397.

_Scott, Winfield._ American general. Quoted, i. 336; ii. 48, 104 (note), 118, 240 (note), 297; joins Wilkinson's expedition down the St. Lawrence, ii. 113; on Niagara frontier, in 1814, 279, 281, 282; battle of Chippewa, 294-298; Lundy's Lane, 306-311; severely wounded, 311, and unable to serve again during the campaign, 314; president of the Court of Inquiry concerning the capture of Washington, 341-342.

"_Shannon._" British frigate, blockading off New York. Pursuit of "Constitution," and protection of convoy, i. 325-329; admirable efficiency of, under Captain Broke, 133-134; capture of "Chesapeake" by, 135-145; reported injuries to, 146-147.

_Sheffield, Lord._ British writer on economical questions. Conspicuous opponent of Pitt's policy in opening West India trade to American navigation, i. 50; leading constructive ideas of, in scheme of policy towards the United States, 63-64, 65-66; success of, in preventing Pitt's measure, 67, 68; Gibbon's estimate of, 73 (note); apparent temporary success of policy of, 75-79; Canada and the other North-American colonies fail to fulfil the part expected from them, 86; pamphlet of, "Observations on the Commerce of the American States," 65; quotations from, i. 28 (note), 31 (note), 37 (and note), 46, 47, 49, 50, 57, 65, 72.

_Sherbrooke, Sir John._ British general, Governor of Nova Scotia. Ordered to occupy so much of Maine as shall insure direct communication between Halifax and Quebec, ii. 353; expedition to the Penobscot, and seizure of Castine and Machias, 354; Wellington's opinion of the result, 354, 431.

_Sinclair, Arthur._ Commander, U.S.N., commanding on Upper Lakes, in 1814, ii. 324; operations of, 324-328; mentioned, 333.

_Smith, Adam._ Quoted in connection with the Navigation Act, i. 9-10, 49.

_Smith, Robert._ American Secretary of State during early part of Madison's first term,