Sculptured tombs of Hellas

Importance attached to burial, 1. The Prothesis, 2; illustrated by vases, 3. Presence of ghosts, 4. The Ecphora, on archaic vases, 5; on later monuments, 6. Sleep and Death, 7....

Primitive beliefs as to needs of dead, 12. Liberality to the dead in archaic times, 12. Terra-cotta offerings, 13. Sacrifices at tombs, 14. Evidence of excavations, 16. Classes...

Question what became of the dead, 23. Homeric beliefs; Hades, 25; visit to Hades of Odysseus, 26; Islands of the Blessed, 27. Influence of Orphism, 28. Paintings of Polygnotus a...

Early Ionian civilization not yet excavated, 59. Tomb of Tantalus on Sipylus, 60. Geometric tombs of Phrygia, 62; Lion-tombs, 64; their chronology, 66; relation to Mycenae, 67....

Relief of Chrysapha, 76; its meaning, 77; other similar tombs, 78. Cultus of ancestors at Sparta, 80. Details of reliefs; honour paid to women, 81; food of the dead, 82; horse a...

Distinction of tombs from commemorative tablets, 87. Lines of descent from Spartan reliefs, 88. Athenian banqueting reliefs, 88. Customs of sitting and reclining, 89. Tegean rel...

Graves of Dipylon style at Athens, 105. Periods of Athenian monuments, 106. First period, the mound and stele, 108; the table, 109; the pillar, 110. Early Athenian tombs usually...

Portraits of the dead originate in Ionia, 133. Portraits at Athens, 134; their ideal character, 134. Portrait statues, 135; on horseback or on foot, 136; female figures, 137. Th...

Pathos and charm of Attic groups, 162. Predominance of women, 163. Women and children in later Greece, 163. Stelae with father and children, 164; mother and children, 166. Famil...

Do the Attic reliefs refer to past or future life? 182. Line of connexion with Spartan stelae, 182; the wine-cup, the pomegranate, the cock, 183; the dove, the horse, 184; the d...

Simplicity of inscriptions on early stelae, 195. Explicatory character of inscriptions, 196. Occurrence of χαῖρε, 197. Inscription of Dexileos, 197. Longer inscriptions after th...

Splendour of Asiatic Greek tombs, 214. The Lycian Nereid Monument, 215; its sculptures, 216; its occasion, 219; its date, 220. Relation to Ionian school of historical painting,...

Interesting problem of reconstruction, 228. Plans of Pullan and Oldfield, 230. Testimony of ancient writers, Hyginus, Martial, 232; Pliny, 233. Account of excavation by Guichard...

Discovery of sarcophagi at Sidon, 243. Archaic sarcophagi of Clazomenae, 243. Sarcophagus of the Satrap at Sidon, 245; its connexion with history, 246; and with Ionian art, 247....

The burial of the dead was a matter as to which the ancient Greeks had very strong feelings. When a corpse was not committed to earth or fire, the unfortunate spirit to which it...

No Greek custom constituted a larger part of religious cultus than did the offerings to the dead. And no custom is more frequently portrayed on ancient vases. Such offerings did...

The group of vase-paintings with which we dealt in the last chapter raises a curious question. In all, or almost all, of them the locality is clearly implied by the presence of...

When we turn from the facts of Greek cult and belief as to a future life to the monuments of the dead, and set them in chronological order, the first group which commands our at...

After the heroic or Achaean age we find in all branches of Greek history a marked break. Some great cataclysm in Greece, in all likelihood the Dorian conquest of Peloponnesus in...

The group of grave reliefs which constitutes our record of the customs and beliefs of the Lacedaemonians in regard to the tomb, a group which is inferior to few sets of ancient...

2. Commemorative tablets. These may readily be distinguished in form, because their width is greater than their height, whereas in the true grave-stele, the height is greater th...

monuments are obvious. The heroic reliefs are broad, shaped like votive tablets: the Attic reliefs are tombstones of upright shape. In the votive reliefs the wine-pouring consor...

In regard to the laws which regulated the erection of monuments of the dead, and the forms which those monuments assumed in successive ages, under the influence of custom and be...

In the Spartan group of sepulchral monuments we found one of the two fountain-heads of Greek sepulchral reliefs, springing directly out of the ancestor-worship of the Dorian rac...

We next reach the ordinary family groups, a class of representations usual in the most beautiful and distinctive of the Athenian stelae. It is these which have captivated a long...

For the interpretation and full appreciation of the Attic reliefs, it is important to discuss somewhat carefully a fundamental question, which may be set forth in several ways....

After thus entering into the question of the meaning of the Attic sepulchral reliefs, and discussing their relation to the Greek beliefs as to the future world, it is necessary...

The sepulchral monuments of Greece Proper are all on a modest scale, and noteworthy on account of their beauty of design and charm of sentiment rather than for their magnificenc...

We turn next to the Mausoleum, the great tomb erected in honour of Mausolus, king of Caria, by his widow Artemisia, in the middle of the fourth century. It ranked among the wond...

The recent great discovery at Sidon of a number of beautiful sarcophagi executed by Greek artists, and belonging to the best period of sculpture, has been quite a revelation to...