CHAPTER VII.

THE FIRST MAYOR OF GREATER NEW YORK.

Edgar A. Whitney, examined by Chairman Lexow: I was in the gaming-house when the door opened, and Mr. Glennon, the police wardman, gave the word and said, “Is Mr. Pease in?” I said, “No, sir; I am taking care of the game while he is at his supper.” He said, “Come to one side:” he said, “That captain wants this game closed up until after election time; that if the Tammany Hall ticket is elected,” he says, “we will protect you for anything from a poker game to a whore-house.”--Report of Lexow Commission, vol. ii., p. 1603.

The above extract from the evidence taken before the Lexow Committee at the end of 1894, immediately after the election which overturned Tammany rule in New York City, condenses into one coarse but expressive sentence the moral issue usually raised by elections in New York. Whether the latest victory of Tammany will have the same result remains to be seen.

The election of Mr. Van Wyck, the Tammany candidate, as the first Mayor of Greater New York, which has taken place as these pages were passing through the press, is a curious and suggestive comment upon “Satan’s Invisible World Displayed.”

“Ephraim is joined to his idols, let him alone!” has been the reflection of many a reformer on hearing of the immense majority by which the second city in the world elected to place itself under the governance of the elect of Tammany Hall. But the worst of such an attitude is that Ephraim does not leave other people alone, for in his worship of the false gods he brings down disasters upon other heads than his own. The welfare and good government of the first city in America can never be a matter of indifference to the rest of the world.

Tammany Hall seated its candidate by a majority of votes sufficiently decisive. But although Mr. Van Wyck was 85,000 votes ahead of his nearest competitor, he did not poll a majority of the citizens. If the principle of a second ballot which is established on the Continent of Europe had been the law in New York, the issue would have had to be fought out again in a single-handed fight between Mr. Van Wyck and Mr. Seth Low. In default of such a provision, all that can be said is that at the first election of Greater New York Tammany polled 235,000 and the three anti-Tammany candidates 272,000 votes, making a majority against Tammany of 37,000.

If Tammany be as black as it is painted, the worst thing about the election is not the return of Mr. Van Wyck, but the divisions of his opponents. That Tammany should be beloved of her own progeny is nothing. What is serious is that those children of light who see the evil of Tammany rule should treat it as a matter of trivial importance compared with the passion and prejudice of personalities and parties. If good men do not combine when bad men conspire, the inference is very obvious. Either the conspiracy of the bad men is not very bad, or the good men hardly deserve their name.

The familiar saying of Burke that he refused to draw an indictment against a whole nation may be applied to cities as well as to nations. What is clear enough is that Tammany in the past has discredited democracy. It has done so twice in the most conspicuous and unmistakable fashion.

Under Tweed it became a synonym for Thieving. Under Croker’s government the Lexow Report proved it became an organised system of Blackmail.

What is it to be under Mr. Van Wyck?

That is the question which it is for Tammany to decide.

Mr. Croker professed admirable sentiments as to his resolution to make New York the ideal city of the world. Nothing could have been worthy of the man to whom the citizens have entrusted their destiny. We should, however, have had more right to face the future with confidence had Mr. Croker’s contemplation of the past--and such a past--not been quite so complacent.

Nevertheless it is a good rule that which Cardinal Manning laid down for dealing with those who protest that they have been cruelly misjudged by their contemporaries.

“When a man tells me that he is an honest man,” said the great Cardinal, “I never enter into a controversy with him as to the past. The past is past. And although I may have in my hand conclusive proofs of his guilt, I never refer to the subject. I always say, ‘My friend, you say that you are an honest man. I am delighted to hear it. We will not discuss the past. We might be unable to agree on that subject. But the future is before us. Act as an honest man from henceforth, and I shall treat you as an honest man.’”

The Cardinal’s rule may be invoked in favour of extending the same act of oblivion to Tammany and its Chief.

The account of past misrule placed on record in the Report of the Lexow Committee cannot be effaced from the page of history.

It is a useful and timely service to Tammany itself to popularise the findings of that Committee, if only to remind the men, who are now summoned to make New York the ideal city of the world, of the hole from which they were digged. A vivid remembrance of the horrible pit and the miry clay has ever been regarded as salutary for the pilgrim to the Celestial City.

Nothing is more likely to help Mr. Croker and his men to try to obey the Apostolic maxim to forget the things that are behind in order to press forward to those which are before, than the knowledge that every one can give chapter and verse in support of their belief that New York under Tammany rule in the past really deserved the title of “Satan’s Invisible World.”

On that point there is no longer any room for difference of opinion. To question it is to justify disbelief in the honesty of the sceptic or the sincerity of his professions as a Reformer. But we may well be content to let the dead past bury its dead if, rising upon the wreck and ruin of these evil days, Tammany should now attain to nobler things.

There is at least one great historical precedent justifying a hope that this may be so.

When Madcap Hal succeeded to the English throne, there was the same jubilant exultation among Falstaff, Bardolph and all the roystering crew when Pistol rushed in helter-skelter, crying:--

And tidings do I bring, and lucky joys, And golden times, and happy news of price.

But the story of their disappointment is one of the most familiar and dramatic scenes in the history of the English-speaking race. The question now is whether Mr. Croker will dare to address his old companions of misrule in the words of Henry the Fifth:--

Presume not that I am the thing I was: For Heaven doth know, so shall the world perceive, That I have turn’d away my former self; So will I those that kept me company.

If so we may hope that it may be in New York even as it was in olden time in England, and that it may be said of the era that opened when Tammany elected the first Mayor of Greater New York by 85,000 majority:--

Yea, at that very moment, Consideration like an angel came, And whipp’d the offending Adam out of him.

* * * * *

Never came reformation in a flood, With such a heady current scouring faults; Nor never Hydra-headed wilfulness So soon did lose his seat, and all at once, As in this King.

THE END.

APPENDIX.

MAYOR VAN WYCK’S PROGRAMME.

Mayor Van Wyck’s Letter of Acceptance in reply to the Democratic City Convention, which invited him to stand as candidate for the Mayoralty, was published a fortnight before the polling day. In the _New York Journal_ of October 24th, Mr. Van Wyck, in the course of an interview with Alfred Henry Lewis, a representative of the paper, said:--“There need be no doubt or mistiness concerning my attitude on all questions now craving reply. I wish most heartily that every citizen of New York would read my letter of acceptance. It was not carelessly prepared; it was in no sort the suggestion or work of other men; it presents my exact position on every subject it suggests, and I meant every phrase of it, and I mean it now.”

The text of the Letter of Acceptance is as follows:--

Hon. Almet F. Jenks, chairman; John C. Sheehan, Bernard J. York, Dr. John L. Feeney, James McCartney and John H. Sutphen, committee.

Gentlemen: In response to your official notification of the action of the Democratic City Convention in selecting me as its candidate for the office of Mayor of Greater New York, I now formally accept the nomination.

The duty before the first Mayor of the City of New York, as it is to be the beginning of the coming year, is of a magnitude too vast to be undertaken without misgivings by any man of mind enough to comprehend the problems it involves. While it is to be the second city in the world in population, it is to be, at the very outset, the first--by far the first--in point of the strictly municipal powers to be exercised by its local government.

To approach the task in any other spirit than that of American liberty, coupled with a realising sense of the cosmopolitan character of the population to be served, would, in my judgment, be to err fundamentally.

The temper of mind which benefits the villager or the inhabitant of towns in which there is but one type of citizenship to deal with is little fitted for the work before us.

At all events, should the people repose their confidence in me, I will endeavour to act with that largeness of view which considers the rights of every man, regardless of race, creed or colour.

A successful administration of the affairs of this municipality must depend, in great measure, upon the honesty and the efficiency of the officials appointed by the Mayor. In this regard I shall, if elected, exercise the greatest care to provide, in all the departments, for such intelligent and honest supervision and direction as will secure to the public not only a wise and efficient service, but as well the return to them of a dollar’s worth for every dollar expended.

To make of the several boroughs a homogeneous city requires that, in the control of the administration of affairs, there should be a government responsible and responsive to the people. It should be honest, efficient and liberal. It should be guided by sound political principles, securing a more perfect discharge of public duty than is possible under such conditions as have imposed upon us the factious, discordant and demoralising administration from the misdeeds and negligences of which all elements of our citizenship have suffered.

What is here said of the present city of New York applies, I am persuaded, in considerable measure, to Brooklyn. There, also, the taxpayer has had reason for serious complaint. Within the past four years taxes have been heavily increased, the cost of most of the departments has been largely augmented, and the debt has not only been carried up to the Constitutional limit, but has been positively swollen to the extent of over ten millions of dollars.

To permit a continuance of the disregard thus shown for the ability of property to contribute to the support of the government would obviously be to give to confiscation a practical sanction. The metropolis is not to be made prosperous by any policy which involves the ruin of the investors in its real estate.

The results here exhibited furnish one of the most costly object lessons ever taught a community as to the wasteful character of a Government permitted to whirl incoherently with the whims of its several officials, as contrasted with the economy enforced by the organised vigilance and definite policy of responsible Government controlling all the expenditures of its subordinate departments.

Coupled with the extravagance and waste against which our citizens have protested, there has been an utter disregard of the rights and convenience of the people; the most scandalous example of which is to be found in the present shocking condition of our streets and thoroughfares.

There can be no justification for such a complete surrender of our road-beds to corporations and contractors. Undoubtedly the prosecution of necessary and useful improvements requires an occasional disturbance of some part of the pavements of our streets, and sometimes a partial interference with the movements of traffic. It needs, however, but ordinary care and supervision in the consideration of demands made in this direction to so arrange that no single locality may be unduly disturbed, and that all the discomforts and inconveniences of the situation shall not fall upon the citizen to the profit and advantage of the contractor.

While a proper opportunity must always be given for the prosecution of public work, and while no unnecessary delays should be permitted in its completion, this does not mean that entire streets and avenues are to be delivered over to the exclusive use of public and private contractors; that for miles the stores and shops in the most prominent of our thoroughfares are to be practically shut out from business; that our citizens are to be denied any but the most difficult access to their homes; that in some cases traffic between the various points of our city be made impossible, and in all cases difficult and dangerous, and that the health of the entire community should be imperilled and injuriously affected by open trenches, wherever the people may turn.

Such a condition of the streets as we are now compelled to endure may result from gross inefficiency. It can be attributed to only one other cause, and that is, gross corruption. It should be treated as a criminal disregard of the public comfort and safety, and any administration responsible therefor must stand discredited before the community.

The flagrant violations of the principles of Home Rule by the Republican majorities in recent Legislatures have challenged the attention and excited the indignation of our citizens. The usurpation of the rights of our municipality and its people has become such an intolerable wrong that it cannot be too strongly rebuked. A cosmopolitan constituency, exceeding the population of the United States at the time of the adoption of the federal Constitution, should not be required to protest against such interference with its purely domestic concerns as attempts to dictate even its harmless customs, habits and pursuits.

And yet, again and again we have been subject to legislation conceived either in ignorance of, or contempt for, the wishes and sentiments of our people, and enacted as a revenge upon our politics or an assault upon our revenues.

In the Raines Liquor Law we have an example of a class of legislation utterly without public sanction. It was imposed upon our citizens against their vigorous and united protest. It has failed to secure a single one of the advantages urged in justification of its enactment. It has only succeeded, by dispensing with local supervision and control, in removing the salutary restraints which heretofore protected the reputable dealer from the open rivalry of the divekeeper. It employs the spy, and necessitates methods which can never be approved by men who believe in the Democratic theory of government. I favour its prompt repeal.

I join in the demand of your platform for “the enactment of an excise law conservative of the public morals and liberal in its provisions, that shall place its administration and revenues, so far as shall apply to this city, within the control of this municipality.”

With you, I believe that one of the chief duties of the incoming administration will be to provide adequate school accommodation. I recognise the obstacles in the way. It is difficult to keep pace with the changes which affect the residence or business character of localities. It is not with the intention of reproaching any one for the condition of affairs in this direction in the past, but simply to emphasise a determination for the future, that I express my full indorsement of your demand that every child desirous of education in our schools shall be afforded full opportunity, whatever labour or expense may thereby be involved.

In common with all citizens, I recognise that, to make effectual the advantages which all expect to flow from the consolidation of the various boroughs, there must at once be devised and put in execution a system of rapid transit which will afford quick and comfortable travel between the homes and places of business of our people in the boroughs of Manhattan and of the Bronx; bridges facilitating communication between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens with Manhattan Island, and the expansion of the ferry system, at reduced fares, between the borough of Richmond and the rest of the city.

In your platform there is, I am pleased to see, a comprehensive appreciation shown of the directions in which the general well being, not less than the material interests, of the people ought to be promoted by the administration. It is there felicitously said:--“Subject to the limitations of reasonable, but not parsimonious expenditure, the municipality should provide all needed facilities for the open-air recreation of the people. Good roads, bicycle paths, improved pavements, open-air playgrounds, small parks and pier gardens are improvements in this direction.” I deem it proper to make special mention in this relation of the pressing necessity for proper bicycle paths, and to add that, if elected, I shall make it my duty to have them constructed.

The demand made in the platform for dollar gas, used both as fuel and light, also commends itself to my judgment.

The proper limits of a letter of acceptance will not permit an adequate presentation of the importance to the commercial supremacy of the city of having its water front improved to the uttermost. The endeavour of other cities to wrest from us the position to which we are entitled by reason of the natural advantages which we enjoy, and the enterprise of our merchants, should awaken a vigilance which will furnish us with dock accommodations sufficient for our largest commercial needs.

I heartily approve and indorse every pledge of the platform of principles adopted at the Convention. The great essential for municipal progress is home rule in the management of local concerns. Almost as a necessary consequence will we then enjoy that measure of personal liberty which imposes and permits only such restraint of the citizen as is necessary for the peace and protection of all.

All lawful combinations which deny to any or all of our citizens a free field of competition must be suppressed. The municipality itself should both own and control its franchises, and where now such franchises are operated under grants to corporations, a fair charge, and that only, for the service rendered or convenience furnished should be permitted.

In the prosecution of public improvements a liberal, but not extravagant, policy, as already remarked, should be adopted. The needs and claims of the various boroughs should be carefully considered and fairly determined.

The eight hour law should be enforced, and, where practicable, resident labour should be directly employed. In all cases the prevailing rate of wages should be paid. As I understand the declaration of your platform upon this point, it means that every contractor doing work for the city should be required to pay as high a rate of wages as the city itself is required to pay for similar work. To this I give my unqualified assent.

Let me add, in conclusion, that, should the people intrust me with the grave responsibility of the Mayoralty, I shall make the promotion of their welfare, to the exclusion of all antagonistic ends, the object to be striven for with every power of my mind and body.--Yours respectfully,

ROBERT A. VAN WYCK.

INDEX.

Abortionists, The Police and, 147-149

Adams, Charles Francis, referred to, and quoted, 168, 205

Adams, J. C., quoted, 26

Albany Legislature, 171

“Alexander Woman,” 149

All Sorts and Conditions of Men, 135-143

American Commonwealth, see United States

Andrews, President, of Brown University, quoted, 38, 40

Angelo, Frank, 103

_Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science_ quoted, 166, 168

Applegate, Wm., Evidence of, 108-115

Appo, Evidence of, 115-116

“Arabian Nights Entertainments” referred to, 18

Area of Greater New York, 20

_Atlantic Monthly_ quoted, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177

Augustus, Emperor, referred to, 166

Autocracy in Russia, see under Russia

Autocratic Government in Greater New York, see under New York

Ballot Reform Act of 1890, 152

Baltimore, Maryland, Population of, 19

Bartholdi’s Monument “Liberty,” 9-10

Belial on the Judgment Seat, 145-149

Birmingham Municipality referred to, 166

Blood, Mrs., 132

Blumenthal, 146

Boroughs of Greater New York, 20

Boston, Mass., Population of, 19

Bowery Plug Uglies, 35

Bradford, Gamaliel, quoted, 168

Bradley, Daniel, referred to, 54, 117, 147

Brooklyn: The Charter of 1882 and Government by Tsar-Mayor, 166-167 Population and Area, 19-20 City merged in New York, 20, 26 Borough of Brooklyn, 20

_Brooklyn Daily Eagle_ referred to, 173

Brown Borough, 20

Bryanism, 201, 207

Bryce, James, quoted, 166

Bunco-Steerers, see Green Goods Swindle

Bureaucracy of Greater New York, 176-177

Byrnes, Superintendent, 83

Cæsar, Julius, referred to, 165

Cantor, Jacob A., referred to, 54

Carnegie, Andrew, referred to, 159

Cass, Miss, referred to, 139

_Century Magazine_ quoted, 58

Charlton, Detective, 113-114

Chicago, Illinois: Population of, 19, 22 Chicago and New York, 18, 21, 22, 24, 190 Fire of 1871, 40

Children, Protection of, 92-93

Cincinnati, Ohio: Population of, 19 Brooklyn System of Government, 168

Cisneros, Evangelina, and Cuba, 184

Citizens’ Union of New York, 192, 197, 207 Seth Low’s Candidature, 197-201

City Vigilance Society of New York, 52

Civic Centre of the City, 192

Civil Service Examinations: How They were conducted, 70-72

Cleveland, Ohio: Population of, 19 Brooklyn System of Government, 168

Cochran, Bourke, referred to, 43

Coleman, 81

Colles, Mr., referred to, 205

Collins, John, Evidence of, 88, 147

Collis, C. H. P., Evidence of, 156-157

Columbian Order or Tammany Society, see Tammany, New York

Confidence Trick--Green Goods Swindle, 107-118

Connolly, Richard B., and the Tweed Ring, 37-40

Constantinople and New York compared, 9-10

_Contemporary Review_ quoted, 179-180

Contents Table, 7

Costello, Augustine E., Evidence of, 95-102

County Council of London referred to, 171

Craig’s Book on the Fire Department, 98

Creedon, Capt., Evidence of, 73-77

Crime: Society for Prevention of Crime in New York, 49, 62 Police Corruption, see under Police “The Great Criminals of New York,” 98

Croker, Richard, referred to, 33, 43-44, 67, 68, 98, 99, 121, 137, 139, 172, 173, 184, 187, 199, 201, 204, 205, 207, 212, 213

Cuba: Rescue of Evangelina Cisneros, 184

Daly, 84

Day’s Saloon, 113

Deas, Canute A., 156

Democratic Government: Despairing Democracy in New York, 159-163

Democratic Party: Judge Van Wyck’s Candidature and Election, 197, 202-206, 211-216 Henry George, Independent Democratic Candidate, 201-205

Despairing Democracy in New York, 159-163

Devery, Capt., 153, 156

De Witt, C., quoted, 26, 169, 172

Disorderly Houses, The Police and, 81-85, 95, 117, 125-133

Dollar Gas, 206

Duffy, Judge, 100, 102

Edwards, E. J., quoted, 35, 36, 37

Elections in New York, see under New York

Ellis, Israel, Evidence of, 153-154

Emigrants to New York, see Immigration

Empire Club organised by Rynders, 35-36

Endacott, P. C., referred to, 139

Engel, Martin, 88

Essex Market Gang, 88, 93

Farmers-General of Houses of Ill-Fame, 125-133

Finance: Wealth of the Great Ten American Cities, 19 Wall Street and the Currency Question, 22 Financial Ascendency of New York, 22-24 Financial Strength of Tammany, 46-47 Bryanism, 201, 207

Fire at Chicago, 1871, 40

Fire Department, New York, 98

Flower, Governor Roswell P., and the Committee of Investigation, 52-53

Foreigners in New York, see Immigration

France: The Second Empire and the Government of Greater New York, 162-163, 176

Fream, Miss Rebecca, Evidence of, 146

Friend, Lawyer, 147-149

Frink, Policeman, 147

Galingo, 133

Gambling: The Police and the Pool-Rooms and Policy-Shops, 63-64, 82-84, 119-123

Gannon, Detective, 82, 83

Gas: Dollar Gas, 206

George, Henry, Independent Democratic Candidate, and His Programme, 201-205

Germans in New York, 22

Gilroy, Tammany Comptroller, 172

Glennon, Wardman, 211

Godkin, E. L., quoted, 18-19, 42, 58, 129, 169, 171

Godwin, Parke, of _New York Evening Post_, Rynders and, 35-36

Goff, John W., (Counsel), 54, 59, 61-62, 64, 69-70, 75, 76, 79, 93, 95, 104, 110, 117, 118, 136, 138, 148, 149, 152, 153

Grace, Ex-Mayor, quoted, 176

Granger, Gideon, Evidence of, 65, 73

Grant, Charley, 80

Green, F. V., quoted, 174

Green, Deputy-Comptroller, 40

Green Goods Swindle, 107-118

Gwinnen and the Shoeblack, 88

Haines, Walter, 111

Hale, Nathan, Statue of, in New York, 14-15

Hall, Mayor, 38

Hamstrung Cæsarism as a Remedy, 159

Hancock, John, referred to, 205

Hanley, Detective, 112, 114, 115

_Harper’s Magazine_ quoted, 30, 31

Harrington, Thomas F., Evidence of, 157

Harriot, Lucy C., Evidence of, 117

Harrison, Carter, referred to, 187

Hastings’s (Georgiana) Disorderly Houses, 84-85

Hawkins, Saloon-Keeper, 113

Hearst, W. R., of the _New York Journal_, 180-187

Hermann, Matilda, Evidence of, 126-129

Hewitt, Mayor, referred to, 201

Hoch, Policeman, 130-131

Hochstein, Saloon-Keeper, 90, 92, 146

Hogan, Judge, 140-142

Hopkins’s (Matthew) “Satan’s Invisible World Displayed,” 27

Hudson River at Midnight, 11-14

Hummel, Mr., 102

Hussey, Detective, 90-92

Ill-Fame, Houses of, see Disorderly Houses

Illustrations (see also Portraits): The City Hall, New York, 2 Liberty Enlightening the World, 8 A Misty Morning in New York, 12 Statue of Nathan Hale, 15 New York Post Office, Broadway, 16 Printing-House Square, 23 The Front Door of the New World, 25 Union Square, 29 First Tammany Hall, erected 1811, 32 Tammany Hall, opened 1860, 33 Tammany Hall of To-day, 187 The Children’s Playground, Central Park, 47 New York and Brooklyn Bridge, 66 Brooklyn Bridge, 86 Fourteenth Street, 97 American Tract Society Depôt, 106 Delmonico’s, 118 St. Patrick’s Cathedral, 124 Gansevoort Market, 134 Oyster Row, 141 Fifth Avenue, 144 Wall Street and Trinity Church, 150 Hotel Majestic, 155 A View in Broadway, 161 Riverside Drive and Grant’s Tomb, 185 The Overhead Railway, 195 The American Surety Company, 198 Cartoon: Greater New York: An Optimistic Prophecy, 210 St. Petersburg, 60

Immigrants and Foreigners in New York: Population of New York, 18-20 The Police and the Immigrants, 35, 58, 87-93

Inquisition for New York, 189-195

Ireland and the United States, 10-11

Irish Citizens in New York, 22

Ivins, Wm. M., quoted, 73

Jefferson Theory of Local Government, 169, 191, 201

Journalism: Government by Newspaper, 179-180 The Chief Business of the Journalist, 189 Investigation by Newspaper, 193-195 European Correspondents in New York, 21 Newspaper Area of the United States, 24-26 _The New York Journal_, 180-187, 208-209

Kelly, John, 41, 205

Keltie, Ettie, Case of, 140-142

Koch, Judge, 145-149

Labour Laws of New York, 200, 208

Labour Unions, 201

Law: Belial on the Judgment Seat, 145-149

Lefkovitz, Isaac, 90

Lexow (Clarence) Committee of Investigation, see under Police

Lewis, Alfred Henry, referred to, 214

“Liberty enlightening the World,” 9-15

Licensing Question, see under Liquor Traffic

Lincoln, Abraham, on Government, 160

Liquor Traffic in New York: Number of Saloons, 46 Saloons open on Sundays, 62-63, 83 The Liquor Dealers’ Associations, 82, 119 The Excise Board and New Licences for Closed Houses, 138 The Raines Liquor Law, 202, 205, 207, 215

Literary Primacy of New York, 24-26

Long Island Townships, Area of, 20

Low, Seth, First Tsar-Mayor of Brooklyn, 166-167, 172 Quoted, 167, 176, 200, 201 Candidate of the Citizens’ Union, 197-201

Lowell, James Russell, quoted, 43, 186, 190

Lucas, 104-105

McAvoy, Inspector, 83, 84

McClave, Commissioner John, 65, 73, 189

_McClure’s Magazine_ quoted, 35, 36, 37

McKinley, Wm., referred to, 207

McLaughlin, Capt., and Mr. Costello, 99-103

McNally, King, and His Police, 107-118

Mahan, Capt., referred to, 206

Mahoney, Julia, Evidence of, 57-58

Manhattan Borough, 20

Manning, Cardinal, quoted, 212

Maps of Greater New York, 21, 177

Marius referred to, 165

Martens, Sergeant, 85

Martin, Commissioner, 64, 68-70, 83, 84, 85

Martin, Mr., and the Promotion of Captain Creedon, 75-76

Martini, Shoeblack, 88

May 12th, Tammany’s Saint Day, 30

Maynard’s Gambling-House, 84

Meakin, Captain, 112, 113, 114, 116

Meyer, Inspector Louis, 90, 153

Monopolies, 48

Mooney, Wm., introduced Tammany Society into New York, 30

Moran, Michael, Evidence of, 137

Moss, Frank, referred to, 55, 61, 72, 88, 100, 101, 123, 147

Municipal Government in New York, Brooklyn, etc., see New York, Brooklyn, etc.

_Munsey’s Magazine_ quoted, 173

Munzinger’s Mineral Waters, 81

Murray, Capt., 99, 101

Napoleon III. and the Second Empire, 162-163, 165, 176

Nathan, Ralph, Evidence of, 156

_Nation_ (of New York) quoted, 38

_New England Magazine_ quoted, 26

New York City and Greater New York: The Statue of Liberty, 9-10 The Gateway of the New World, 9-15 The Statue of Nathan Hale, 14-15 The Second City in the World, 17-26 The Window of America, and the Door of the New World, 21-24 Tenderloin or 29th Precinct, 80-81, 99 Political Power, 22 Literary Primacy, 24-26 Journalism in New York, 21, 24-26, 179-187 The Story of Tammany, 27-31 The Substitute for Tammany, 33-34 Tammany a Great Political and Democratic Organisation, 32-35 Tammany’s Record for Dishonesty, 35 Rynders’s Empire Club and Its Methods, 35-36 Fernando Wood’s Mayoralty, 37 The Tweed Ring, 37-41 Samuel J. Tilden and the Committee of Seventy, 40 “Honest” John Kelly, 41 Tammany Rule down to 1894, 43-55 Dr. Parkhurst’s Campaign, 34, 48-52, 55, 84, 128 The Lexow Committee of Investigation of Police Corruption, etc., 53-157 (see under Police) Tammany, the Police, and the Municipal Elections, 151-157 The Fire Department, 98 Amalgamation of Brooklyn with New York, 20, 26 Maps of Greater New York, 21, 177 Population, Foreigners, 18-22 Area, 20 Five Boroughs, 20 Despairing Democracy, 159-163 The Charter of Greater New York and the Second Empire, 162-163 Government by Tsar-Mayor, 165-169 Provisions of the Charter, 171-177 Powers of the Mayor, 173-174, 176 Financial Control and the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, 173-175 Eighteen Executive Departments, 173-174, 176-177 Impotence of the Municipal Assembly, 174-176 Distrust of the People, 173 Why not try the Inquisition? 189-195 The Common Council and Division into Wards, 191-192 Investigation by Newspaper, 193-195 The Election of 1897; the Plebiscite for a Cæsar, 197-209 Seth Low’s Candidature, 197-201 Henry George’s Candidature, 201-205 The Tammany Platform; Candidature and Election of Judge Van Wyck, 202-206, 211-216 General Tracy’s Candidature, 206-209

_New York Evening-Post_ quoted and referred to, 35, 41

_New York Herald_ referred to, 96, 182

_New York Journal_ and Its Editor, 180-187, 214 Quoted, 184-186 The _Journal_ and the Election, 208-209

New York State Legislature, 171

_New York Tribune_ referred to, 26

_New York World_ referred to, 14, 180-183

Newspapers, see Journalism

Newstafel, Anna, Evidence of, 119-120

Nichols, Frank, 154-156

_North American Review_ quoted, 18-19, 58, 129, 152

O’Connor, Edmund, referred to, 53, 61, 69-70, 80, 102, 129, 142

Pandemonium of Typewriting-Machines--Central New York, 17

Pantata Police, 119-123

Parker, 82

Parkhurst, Dr. C. H., and His Campaign against Tammany, 34, 48-52, 55, 84, 128

Patriotic League of New York, 192

Pennsylvania (see also Philadelphia): Tammany, Patron Saint, of Pennsylvania Troops, 30

Pequod Club, 80-81

Periodicals of New York, 24

Perot, Madame, 132

_Petit Journal_ referred to, 180

Philadelphia: Population of, 19 Brooklyn System of Government, 168

Platt, Thos. A., 199, 205, 207

Plebiscite for a Cæsar, 197-209

Police of New York: Down with the Police! 49-55 The Bandits of New York, 57-60 Powers and Impotence of the Police, 61-65 Promotion by Pull and Promotion by Purchase, 67-77, 80-81 The Case of Capt. Creedon, 73-77 Capt. Schmittberger, 79-86 The Police and the Foreign Population, 87-93 The Slaughter-Houses of the Police, 95-105 “Our Police Protectors,” 96 King McNally and His Police, 107-118 The Pantata Police and the Policy-Shops and Pool-Rooms, 119-123 The Police and Houses of Ill-Fame, 81-85, 95, 117, 125-133 The Police and the Poor, 135-143 The Police and the Women in the Streets, 138-143 The Police and Abortionists, 147-149 The Police as Agents of Tammany in the Municipal Elections, 151-157

Police Pension Fund, 96-98

Police of St. Petersburg, 61-62

Policy-Shops, see under Gambling

Polk, President, referred to, 36

Pool-Rooms, see Gambling

Population of the United States and the Great American Cities, 19-20

Portraits: Byrnes, Superintendent, 65 Costello, Augustine E., 94 Creedon, Captain, 77 Croker, Richard, 45 Flower, Gov. R. P., 53 George, Henry, 203 Godkin, E. L., 42 Goff, John W., 54 Hearst, W. R., 178 Hermann, Madam, 133 Lexow, Clarence, 56 Low, Seth, 164 Moss, Frank, 123 Parkhurst, Dr. C. H., 50 Platt, Thomas C., 188 Pulitzer, Mr., 181 Schmittberger, Capt. Max F., 78 Shaw, Dr. Albert, 170 Sheehan, John C., 63 Tilden, S. J., 40 Tracy, General, 196 Tweed, William M., 39 Urchittel, Mrs., 91 Van Wyck, Robert A., 158, 163 Whitehead, Dr., 149 Williams, Inspector, 105 Wood, Fernando, 36

Pound, Cuthbert W., referred to, 54, 129

Preface, 5

Prince, Frank, 95

Proctor and Gambling Houses, 84

Prostitutes, The Police and, 138-143

Pulitzer, Albert, of _New York Journal_, 180

Pulitzer, Mr., of _New York World_, 180-183

Queen’s Borough, 20

Quincy, Mass.: The Charter and Government by Tsar-Mayor, 168

Raines Liquor Law, 200, 202, 205, 207, 215

Reppenhagen, John W., and Capt. Creedon, 74-76

Republican Party: Candidature of Gen. Tracy, 206-209 Seth Low, Candidate of the Citizens’ Union, 197-201

Richmond Borough, Staten Id., 20

Robertson, George W., referred to, 53

Roesch, Ex.-Sen., 69-70, 129-131

Rome, Ancient, and Greater New York, 165-166

Roosevelt, Theodore, quoted, 58

Rosalsky, Mr., 154

Russia: Russian Autocracy, 160, 163 Tsar-Mayors of Brooklyn, Greater New York, etc., see Brooklyn, New York, etc. The St. Petersburg Police, 61-62

Rynders and the Empire Club, 35-36

St. Louis, Missouri, Population of, 19

St. Petersburg Police, 61-62

Saloons of New York, see Liquor Traffic

San Francisco, Population of, 19

_San Francisco Examiner_ referred to, 180

“Satan’s Invisible World Displayed,” by Matthew Hopkins, 27

Saxton, Chas. T., referred to, 54

Schillinberger, Policeman, 103

Schlie, John, Evidence of, 72

Schmittberger, Capt. Max F., 79-86

Schryer, Sergeant, 69-70

_Scribner’s Magazine_ quoted, 174

Second Empire, 162-163, 176

Shakespeare quoted, 213

Shalvey, Edward, 136

Shaw, Dr. Albert, quoted, 33-34, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177

Sheehan, John C., 63-64, 80, 84, 85, 205

Shephard, E. M., quoted, 169

Shipping: Ascendency of New York, 22-24

Slaughter-Houses of the Police, 95-105

Smith, Silver Dollar, 135

Standant, Thos. J., 102-103

Stanley, Mr., and Mr. Costello, 99, 100, 102

State Legislature of New York, 171

Staten Id. Borough, 20

Stranger within the Gates, 87-93

Street Railways, 200

Strong, Mayor, 172, 176

Subin, Jacob, referred to, 154

Sutherland, Wm. A., referred to, 54, 64

Sylla’s Dictatorship referred to, 165

Tammany, St.: Origin and Early History of Tammany, 27-31 Tammany in New York, see under New York

Tenderloin or 29th Precinct, 80-81, 99

Thurow, Augusta, Evidence of, 129-131

Tilden, Samuel J., and the Committee of Seventy, 40

Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de, quoted, 19

Tracy, Gen. Benjamin F., Republican Candidate, 172, 199, 206-209

Tsar-Mayors of Brooklyn, Greater New York, etc., see under Brooklyn, New York, etc.

Tweed, Wm. M., and the Tweed Ring, 37-41, 157, 212

“Unctuous Rectitude,” 43

United States (see also Brooklyn, New York, etc., etc.): British Devotion to the American Commonwealth, 10 Ireland and America, 10-11, 22 Population, 18-19 New York and the Presidential Campaign, 22 Imperial Ambitions, 166

Urchittel, Mrs., Evidence of, 89-93

Vail, Detective, 81-82

Van Wyck, Judge Robert A.: Tammany Candidate, 197, 202-206 Election of, 211-216

Voorhis, Commissioner, and the Promotion of Capt. Creedon, 74-76

Walsh, Mike, and Tammany, 35-36

Warren and Costello Treaty, 96

Walters, Flora, Evidence of, 145

Weigand, Sergeant, 74-75

Werner, Karl, Case of, 136

West’s (Mrs. Sadie) Disorderly House, 84

Westchester County, 20

Whitehead, Dr. Newman, Evidence of, 147-149

Whitney, Edgar A., Evidence of, 211

Whitty, Ex-Convict, 157

Williams, Inspector, 82, 83, 85, 99, 101

Witches’ Sabbat, 27

Women in the Streets, The Police and, 138-143

Wood, Fernando, Mayor of New York, 37

Worst Treason of All, 151-157

Zimmerman, Detective, 103, 128-129

LONDON: PRINTED BY WM. CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.