c. 8), but the first occurrence of it in any public document is in

the acts of the Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451, where it is applied especially to Leo i. of Rome.—Can. 28. Labbé, vol. iv.

[408] Hom. xi. in Anom. vol. i. p. 795.

[409] De Sacerd. lib. vi. c. 6-8, quoted above, p. 53.

[410] Soc. vi. 3. Sozom. viii. 9.

[411] Pallad. Dial. c. v. p. 20.

[412] Lib. xxvii. c. 3.

[413] Epist. ii. ad Nepotianum.

[414] Pallad. Dial. c. v. and xii.

[415] See Hefele, p. 131, and on the date of this synod.

[416] Stanley, Eastern Church, lecture v. Socr. i. 11. Sozom. i. 23. The truth of the story has been disputed, but apparently on insufficient grounds. _Vide_ Hefele, p. 436.

[417] Can. 3. Hefele, p. 379.

[418] Jerome, Ep. xxii. ad Eustoch. Epiphan. Hær. 63.

[419] See references in Bingham, b. vi. c. ii. 13.

[420] Contra eos, etc., vol. i. p. 495.

[421] Ibid. c. 3, 4.

[422] Ibid. c. 7.

[423] Contra eos, etc., c. 9.

[424] Ibid. c. 10.

[425] Ibid. c. 10.

[426] Socr. vi. 4.

[427] Vol. xii. p. 468.

[428] Vol. xii. p. 485.

[429] Contra Lud. et Theat. vol. vi. p. 269, _in fine_.

[430] Ibid. c. 1.

[431] Contra Lud. et Theat. c. 2.

[432] From this and what follows it would appear that communicants went within the rails to receive, and close to the altar. This was the most primitive custom. Sometimes the recipients stood; _vide_ passages cited in Bingham, b. viii. ch. 6, sec. 7.

[433] Vol. xii. Hom. ix.

[434] In Coloss. Hom. vii., vol. xi. p. 350.

[435] Hom. xviii. in Genes., vol. iv. p. 150.

[436] The use of silk seems from its first introduction into the Empire to have been regarded as the _ne plus ultra_ of luxury. It was condemned by Pliny, vi. 20, xi. 21. Elagabalus was the first _man_ as well as the first Emperor who ventured to wear a material hitherto confined to female dress. See Gibbon, vol. vii. c. 40, and his interesting account of the introduction of silk-worms from China to Constantinople by some Persian monks in the reign of Justinian.

[437] In Matt. Hom. xlix., vol. vii. p. 501

[438] In Psalm. xlviii., vol. v. p. 514.

[439] Hom. i. de Lazaro, c. 8.

[440] In Gen. Hom. xli., p. 382.

[441] In Joan. Hom. lxii., p. 340, and Hom. lxix., p. 380.

[442] In Act. Apost. p. 147 _et seq._

[443] Hom. xx. in Act. Apost. p. 162. This set of fifty-five Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles, of which much use is made in this chapter, was delivered in A.D. 400, between Easter and Whitsuntide, in which interval it was customary to read through the Acts in the Lessons for the day: _vide_ Bingham, vol. iv. These homilies are among the least polished of Chrysostom’s productions. Erasmus, who translated them into Latin, was thoroughly disappointed and out of humour with them, and even doubts their authenticity. In a letter to Tonstal, Bp. of Durham, he declares that he could have written better matter himself even when “ebrius ac stertens.” But most persons familiar with Chrysostom’s productions will agree with Montfaucon and Savile that these homilies could have flowed only from that golden vein, though the ore is not so much refined as usual, and that some passages are in his very best style. None of his homilies, except those on the Statues and St. Matthew, contain more curious revelations of the manners and customs of the age.

[444] In Act. Apost. pp. 74 and 98.

[445] In Act. Apost. p. 256.

[446] See Villari’s Life of Savonarola, b. i. c. 3.

[447] In Act. Apost. p. 191.

[448] Hom. in Inscrip. Altaris, i. _in initio_.

[449] In Act. Apost. pp. 189, 190.

[450] Vol. xii. Hom. vi. adv. Cath. pp. 143 and 491.

[451] Vol. xii. Hom. i., “Quod frequenter,” etc. Socrates, vi. 22. If we may estimate the man from the account by Socrates, his admirer, who relates a number of his so-called witticisms, the book is no great loss.

[452] Greg. de Vita sua, pp. 585-1097. Orat. xxii., xxvii., xxxii.

[453] _Vide_ Gibbon, v. p. 30.

[454] Socrates, vi. 8. _Vide_ Dean Stanley, Eastern Church, pp. 131, 132, for specimens of these Thalia; _e.g._ one commences, “Where are those who say that the Three are but one power?”

[455] Sozom. viii. 3. Socrat. v. 15.

[456] Epist. xiv. vol. iii.

[457] Vol. xii. Hom. viii.

[458] Theod. v. 30.

[459] Epist. xiv. and ccvii.

[460] Theod. v. 29. Tillemont, xi. p. 155.

[461] Marc. Diac. ap. Baron, an. 401, 49.

[462] Vol. xii. 471. The titles “mother of churches,” “nurse of monks,” “staff of the poor,” etc., were not bestowed till after his return from his first exile, vol. iii. p. 446. M. Thierry has erroneously introduced them into this earlier stage of his life.

[463] Claud. in Eutrop. lib. i. The pathetic appeal is by Claudian put into the mouth of an allegorical impersonation of the city. Claudian was the intimate friend and companion of Stilicho, and may not improbably have assisted at this audience. He is a valuable guide to the history of this period, and especially as an indicator of public opinion on the great events of his day.

[464] Gibbon, vol. v. p. 361. Claudian, De Consul. Mall. Theod.

[465] In Eutrop. ii. 39, 136.

[466] Claud. in Eutrop. ii. 187 _et seq._

[467] In Eutrop. ii. 377.

[468] The above account is taken from Zosimus, lib. v.; Claudian in Eutrop. ii. Thierry, “Trois Ministres; Eutrope.”

[469] Zosim. v. 17.

[470] Claud. in Eutr. ii. 474 and 534, etc.

[471] Philostorg. xi. 6. Zosim. v. 18.

[472] Stanley, (Appendix,) “Memorials of Westminster.”

[473] Cod. Theod. lib. ix. tit. 45.

[474] Ibid.

[475] The altar was sometimes called ἄσυλος τράπεζα (Synesius, Ep. lviii.)

[476] Claud. Prolog. in Eutrop. ii. 25. Chrysost. in Eutrop., c. 3. vol. iii.

[477] Chrysost. in Eutrop. c. 2.

[478] De Capto Eutrop. vol. iii.

[479] In Eutrop. i.

[480] De Capto Eutrop. c. 4.

[481] In Eutrop. c. 3.

[482] Socrat. vi. 5.

[483] In Eutrop. c. 1.

[484] In Eutrop. c. 2-4.

[485] Zosimus, v. 18, ἐξαρπάσαντες.

[486] De Capto Eutrop. c. 1.

[487] Zosim. v. 18.

[488] Zosim. v. 18. Cod. Theod. ix. 40, 17. Philostorg. xi. 6.

[489] Zosim. v. 18.

[490] Zosim. v. 18. Socrat. vi. 6. Sozom. viii. 4.

[491] Hom. cum Saturn. et Aurel. vol. iii.

[492] Socr. vi. 6. Sozom. viii. 4. Theod. v. 31.

[493] Sozom. viii. 4. Theod. v. 32.

[494] Nili Mon. Epist. i. 70, 79, 114, 116, 205, 206, 286.

[495] Sozom. viii. 4. Socr. vi. 6. Theod. v. 32.

[496] Sozom. viii. 4. Socr. vi. 6. Zosim. v. 19.

[497] Eunap. Sard. Fragm. 60. Sozom. viii. 4.

[498] _Vide_ c. 21.

[499] Sozom. viii. 4. Socr. vi. 6.

[500] The Alexandrian Chronicle is precise in fixing Dec. 23, A.D. 400, as the date of his defeat on the Hellespont, and Jan. 3, A.D. 401, as the day on which his head was brought into Constantinople. This certainly leaves a very insufficient interval for the events recorded in Zosimus.

[501] _Vide_ c. 33.

[502] Palladius, author of the Dialogue prefixed to Migne’s edition of Chrysostom’s works. On the debated question whether this Palladius was the same Bishop of Hellenopolis who wrote the Lausiaca, _vide_ Tillemont, xi. “Vie de Pallade.”

[503] There was in fact what might be called a floating synod of this kind always in existence in Constantinople; the Patriarch being _ex officio_ President.—Tillemont, xv. 703, 704.

[504] We are in the summer of A.D. 400, and the capture and death of Gaïnas occurred in Jan. A.D. 401.

[505] σοῦ τὴν τιμιότητα; sometimes we have ὁσιότητα, “your Holiness.”

[506] Pallad. Dial. c. 14 and 15.

[507] See, on this whole subject, Bingham, viii. 13. 6; and Robertson, i. pp. 187 and 318, and the authorities there cited.

[508] Pallad. Dial. c. 14, 15. Sozomen (viii. 6) says that Chrysostom deposed thirteen bishops of Asia, Lycia, and Phrygia. This is possible, as the synod may have inquired into other simoniacal cases beyond the original six.

[509] Sozom. viii. 6.

[510] Tillemont, xi. p. 170.

[511] Labbé, ii. p. 947. It must always be borne in mind that Diocese was the name of the largest _civil_ division of the Roman Empire. Each diocese contained several provinces, _e.g._ Thrace, six; Asia, ten; Pontus, eleven. The whole Empire was divided into thirteen dioceses, and about one hundred and twenty provinces. The Ecclesiastical divisions followed more or less the plan of the civil. An archbishop was bishop of the metropolis of a Province, a Patriarch of one or more _Dioceses_.

[512] Can. xxviii.; and Can. ix. Chalced. in Labbé, iv. pp. 769 and 798.

[513] Comp. Keble, Christian Year, for Easter Day:—

“Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter Day in every week.”

[514] Vol. iii. p. 421.

[515] Socrat. vi. 11. Sozom. viii. 10.

[516] Vol. iii. p. 424 _et seq._

[517] Pallad. Dial. c. 18, pp. 62 and 67.

[518] Socrat. vi. 4.

[519] Sozom. viii. c. 9.

[520] Pallad. Dial. c. 19.

[521] Greg. Naz. Epp. lvii. lviii.

[522] Greg. Naz. Ep. lvii.

[523] Theophilus is said to have fallen down before her and kissed her knees, an obeisance prompted by avaricious hopes on his part, and repelled by genuine humility on hers.

[524] Pallad. Dial. c. 16, 17. Sozom. viii. 9.

[525] Pallad. Dial. c. 6. Tillemont xiv. p. 219 _seq._: ἐγὼ αὐτῷ ἀρτύω χύτραν.

[526] Pallad. Dial. c. 5, 6, 18, 19.

[527] Jerome in Ruf. lib. ii. c. 5. Ep. xxxi. p. 203.

[528] Tillemont, xi.: Vie de Theophile.

[529] Euseb. Hist. vi. 3, 19.

[530] Jerome declared that Origen had composed more books than most men would find time to copy.—Epist. xxix.

[531] The Paschal Letter was a circular addressed to clergy and monks throughout the diocese soon after the Epiphany; the primary object was to announce the date of the first day of Lent and of Easter Day, whence the name; but other matters were, as in the present instance, frequently introduced. See Tillemont, xi. 462.

[532] Socrat. vi. 7. Sozom. viii. 11, 12.

[533] Jerome in Ruf. iii.; and Ep. lxi.

[534] In Ruf. iii. 33.

[535] The contest for precedence was eventually decided in favour of Jerusalem. The see was made a Patriarchate in the reign of Theodosius II., and its jurisdiction fixed to the three Palestines by the Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451.

[536] Jerome, Ep. xxxviii.

[537] Jerome, Ep. xxxviii.

[538] Jerome, Ep. cx.

[539] Ibid. Ep. xxxviii. and xxxix.

[540] Jerome, Ep. xxxviii.

[541] Ibid.

[542] Pallad. Lausiaca, p. 901. Tillemont, vol. xi.

[543] Pallad. Dial. c. 6. Other causes of the enmity of Theophilus are mentioned by Socrates, vi. 9, and Sozomen, viii. 12, but not incompatible with the account of Palladius.

[544] Socrat. vi. 7.

[545] Pasch. Epist. of Theoph. quoted in Tillemont, xi. p. 470. Pallad. Dial. 6. Sozom. viii. 12.

[546] Sulpic. Sever. lib. i. c. 3.

[547] Pallad. Dial. c. 7.

[548] Sozom. viii. 13.

[549] Jer. Ep. lxx.

[550] Jer. Ep. lxxviii. in Ruf. Epp. lxvii. lxxiii.

[551] Socrat. vi. 9. Sozom. viii. 14.

[552] Socrat. (vi. c. 13) says that the writings only of Origen, not the man himself, were condemned.

[553] Ep. lxxviii.

[554] Pallad. Dial. c. 8.

[555] Sozom. viii. 13. Pallad. Dial. c. 8.

[556] Ep. xvi.

[557] Socrat. vi. c. 12.

[558] Socrat. vi 12. Sozom. viii. 14.

[559] Sozom. viii. 14 and 26.

[560] Socrat. vi. 14.

[561] Sozom. viii. 14.

[562] Sozom. c. 15.

[563] Socrat. vi. 15. Sozom. viii. 15.

[564] Socrat. vi. 15. Sozom. viii. 16.

[565] Pallad. Dial. c. 2 (Epist. of Chrys. to Innocent), and c. 8.

[566] See Tillemont, vol. xi. ch. 71.

[567] _Vide_ ante, Ch. XIII.

[568] So Palladius, c. 8, on the whole the most trustworthy authority. Photius, Biblioth. (c. 59), says there were forty-five.

[569] The language is not very clear in this passage, but such is, I conceive, the drift of it.—c. 8.

[570] This must have been a slight exaggeration, but the members do seem to have been mainly Egyptian.

[571] Pallad. Dial. c. 8.

[572] Phot. c. 59. Chrys. Ep. 125 ad Cyr., where he indignantly repels the charge:—“had he done so, might his name be blotted out from the roll of bishops;” but at the same time he deprecates the treatment of such an offence (had it been committed) with extreme severity: for had not our Lord Himself instituted that holy feast, and had not St. Paul baptized without previously fasting? Chrysostom shrinks in horror from the supposition of such a gross violation of ecclesiastical rule as the act in his case would have been, but refuses to place it on the same footing with the commission of a flagrant moral crime, or direct disobedience to any command of Christ. There are, however, some doubts whether this letter is genuine. See _infra_, p. 317, and note.

[573] Pallad. Dial. 8. Socr. vi. 15. Soz. viii. 17.

[574] Tillemont, vol. xi.

[575] It contains the celebrated passage: “Herodias again dances and demands the head of John;” which recurs as the exordium of another and spurious homily (vol. viii. p. 485), and also an indignant repudiation of the offence of administering baptism after eating.—vol. iii. 427. Socrates, vi. 16. Sozom. viii. 17, 18.

[576] The authenticity of which has been questioned. The style is perhaps not quite worthy of Chrysostom; but in one of his sermons after his return from exile he apparently alludes to some quotations from Job made in this discourse.

[577] More strictly speaking, “the Hieron,” “the sacred spot” where the Argonauts were supposed to have offered sacrifice to Zeus on their return from Colchis.

[578] Sozom. viii. 18, 19. Socrat. vi. 16, 17. Zosim. v. 23.

[579] Theod. v. 34. Chrys. vol. iii. p. 446.

[580] Socr. vi. 16. Soz. viii. 18. Chrys. Ep. ad Innoc. in Dial. Pall. p. 10.

[581] It appears from subsequent events that Theophilus had not yet actually quitted Constantinople, but he and his partisans had retired for the time discomfited from the field of active opposition; and this would justify the language of Chrysostom, who is speaking under excitement.

[582] Sermones 1 and 2, post red. ab exsil. vol. iii.

[583] Socrat. vi. 17. Sozom. viii. 19.

[584] Ep. ad Innoc. in Pallad. Dial. p. 10.

[585] As distinguished from the Forum of Constantine, which was elliptical in shape.

[586] Cod. Theod. vi. 102.

[587] The celebrated exordium of a homily supposed to be directed against Eudoxia—“Again Herodias rages, again she demands the head of John”—if actually spoken with reference to John the Baptist, may easily have been represented by the malevolent as aimed at the Empress. But the whole homily has been pronounced spurious by Savile and Montfaucon, and on perusal of it their verdict seems reasonable. The discourse is the production of a thorough misogynist, describing with much coarseness and acrimony the misery and trouble caused by the wickedness of women. Most will agree with Savile, that it is “scarcely worth reading, and quite unworthy emendation.”—Vol. viii. p. 485.

[588] Pallad. Dial. c. 9.

[589] Sozom. viii. 20. Socrat. vi. 18. Pallad. Dial. c. 9.

[590] Pallad. Dial. c. 9.

[591] Pallad. Dial. c. 9.

[592] Pallad. Dial. c. 9. Chrysostom (Ep. ad Innoc. vol. iii.) speaks of more than forty friendly bishops.

[593] Vol. iii. p. 533.

[594] Pallad. Dial. c. 9.

[595] Pallad. Dial. c. 9. Sozom. viii. 21.

[596] Pallad. Dial. 10. Sozom. viii. 21, 22. Socrat. vi. 18.

[597] Pallad. Dial. c. 10.

[598] Pallad. Dial. c. 10. Zosim. v. 24. Sozom. viii. 2.

[599] Pallad. Dial. c. 11.

[600] Ep. ad Episcop. vol. iii. pp. 541 and 673.

[601] C. 11.

[602] Epist. cxxv.

[603] Epist. ccxii.

[604] Sozom. viii. 24. Pallad. Dial. c. 20.

[605] Epist. ad Olymp. vi.

[606] Epp. xciv. and civ.

[607] Pallad. Dial. cc. 1, 2, 3.

[608] Ep. cxiii.

[609] Epp. clxviii. clxix. _et aliæ_.

[610] Pallad. Dial. c. 3.

[611] Sozom. viii. 26.

[612] One previous letter we possess in Chrys. vol. iii. p. 539, in which he expresses his horror at the late outrages in the Church of St. Sophia, and at the gross violation of justice and law in the recent so-called trial of Chrysostom.

[613] Pallad. Dial. c. 4.

[614] Nilus, 2 Epp. cclxv. and cclxxix. Sozom. viii. 25.

[615] Pallad. Dial. 20.

[616] Sozom. viii. 27. Pallad. Dial. 20.

[617] Ep. ad eos qui scandalizati sunt, c. 19.

[618] Pallad. Dial. cc. 15 and 16.

[619] Theod. v. 34.

[620] Epp. x. xi.

[621] Ep. xiii.

[622] Epp. cxx. cxxi.

[623] Ep. cxxv. _in fine_.

[624] Ep. ccxxi.

[625] Ep. viii.

[626] Ep. xiv.

[627] Epp. xiii. lxxxiv.

[628] Ep. cxxv.

[629] Ep. ccxxxiv.

[630] Epp. ccxxxiv. ccxxxvi. It is not mentioned in Pliny or Ptolemy, but appears in the Itinerary of Antonine as Cocusus (pp. 10, 13). It stood at the confluence of several roads, but apparently not high-roads, one of which connected Antioch with Asia Minor.

[631] Ep. cxxv. _in fine_.

[632] Ep. xiii.

[633] Epp. xiii. xiv. ccxxxiv.

[634] Vol. iii. p. 549 _et seq._

[635] Ep. ii. c. 10.

[636] _e.g._ Epp. lxxxviii. lxxxix. _et aliæ_.

[637] Ep. cxxiv.

[638] Ep. cxxxii.

[639] Ep. cxlvii.

[640] Epp. cxxx. ccxxii.

[641] Epp. l. li. lxi. _et aliæ_.

[642] There seems no doubt that Maruthas was an able and active missionary bishop. Socrates (vii. 8) tells strange stories of his skill in exposing some tricks of the magi, by which they attempted to prejudice the Persian king Isdigerdes against Christianity.

[643] Ep. ccx.

[644] Ep. ccxii.

[645] Ep. ccxvii.

[646] Ep. cciv.

[647] As appears from an edict dated August 29, addressed to Studius, Prefect of Constantinople.—Cod. Theod. vol. ii. p. 16.

[648] Ep. cxiv.

[649] Tillemont, xi. 274.

[650] Vol. v. ch. xxxii.

[651] Ep. vi.

[652] Epp. cxl. cxlvi.

[653] Epp. liii. liv.

[654] Epp. cxxiii. cxxvi.

[655] Photius, p. 1048.

[656] Epp. lxi. lxix. cxxvii. cxxxi.

[657] Ep. clvii.

[658] Ep. clv.

[659] Vol. iii. p. 535.

[660] Ep. cxlix.

[661] Aug. cont. Jul. p. 370.

[662] Ep. v.

[663] Pallad. Dial. pp. 38, 39, who says that they came out of Syria, Cilicia, and Armenia: but how could this be if it took three months to convey Chrysostom from Cucusus to Comana?

[664] Tillemont, xi. 349.

[665] This is his day in the Calendar of the Eastern and Western Church.

[666] The Roman martyrology states that the remains of the saint were afterwards translated to St. Peter’s, Rome, but the statement is not supported by any trustworthy historical evidence.—Tillemont, xi. 352.

[667] I must acknowledge my obligations in the composition of this chapter to the very useful and instructive work of Dr. Th. Foerster, Berlin, entitled “Chrysostomus in seinem Verhältniss zur Antiochenischen Schule.”—Gotha, 1869.

[668] In Rom. Hom. xiii. 2. 1 Cor. Hom. xiii. 3. In Phil. vii. 5.

[669] Hom. de Stat. xi. 2.

[670] In Genes. Hom. xxi. 2.

[671] Ibid. xvi. and xvii.

[672] In Rom. Hom. xii. 6.

[673] In Genes. Hom. xx. 3. In 1 Cor. Hom. ii. 2. In Matt. Hom. lix. 1, 2.

[674] Comp. Jeremy Taylor, “On Original Sin,” ch. vi.: “A man is not naturally sinful as he is naturally heavy, or upright, naturally apt to weep and laugh; for these he is always and unavoidably.” Comp. also Aristot. Eth. ii. c. 1.

[675] In Matt. Hom. xxviii. 3, and lviii. 3.

[676] In Heb. Hom. xii. 2 and 3.

[677] De Fato, Hom. iii.-vi. Comp. Jer. Taylor, Unum Necessar. ch. 6. sec. 5.

[678] De Pœnit. Hom. i. 2; et ad Theod. lapsum.

[679] In Inscrip. Act. ii. 6.

[680] In Psalm. cxlii. 5.

[681] In Act. Hom. xli. 4.

[682] In Matt. xxxii.

[683] De Sanct. Babyla, vol. ii.

[684] In Johan. vol. viii. p. 482.

[685] In Hebr. Hom. v. i.

[686] Contra Julianum, bk. i. ed. Bened. p. 630; but I have failed to find the passage in Chrysostom’s works.

[687] In Rom. Hom. x. 2.

[688] προτρεπτικὴ οὐ βιαστική in Johan. Hom. xlvii. 4; _et_ in Matt. H. lxxx. 3.

[689] In 1 Cor. Hom. vii. 2. In Ephes. Hom. i. 2. In 1 Cor. Hom. ii. 2.

[690] In Rom. Hom. xvi. cc. 8, 9.

[691] In Genes. Hom. xlii. c. 1.

[692] In Johan. Hom. xviii. 3.

[693] In Heb. Hom. xii. c. 3.

[694] De Mac. i. 3.

[695] Ch. VIII.

[696] In Johan. Hom. iii. 2.

[697] In Heb. Hom. ii. c. 2.

[698] In Psal. li. Expos.

[699] In Heb. Hom. iv. 2, 3.

[700] In Rom. Hom. xiii. 5.

[701] In Phil. Hom. vii. c. 3.

[702] In Heb. Hom. iii., Hom. iv. c. iii. In Philog. Beat. In Johan. Hom. xlviii. c. i.

[703] In Matt. Hom. iii.; Expos. in Ps. li.; in 1 Cor. Hom. xxiv. 4.

[704] De Resur. J. Chr. c. 3.

[705] De Bapt. Christi, c. 3.

[706] De Cœmet. et Cruce, i.

[707] De Cœmet. et Cruce, 3. See also in Ephes. Hom. xx.; and esp. In Ascens. J. Chr. c. 2.

[708] De Verb. Apost. vol. iii. p. 276.

[709] In Johan. Hom. xxxiii. c. 1.

[710] In Rom. Hom. viii. c. 5.

[711] In Gen. Hom. v. c. 1.

[712] In Ephes. Hom. iv. c. 2.

[713] In Gen. Hom. xxxi. 2.

[714] De Pœnit. Hom. viii. 2.

[715] Cont. Anom. vii. 7.

[716] De Anna, iv. 5.

[717] Ibid. ii. 2.

[718] Ad illum. Catech. i. c. 3.

[719] De Mut. Nom. iv. _in fine_.

[720] Ad ilium. Catech. i. 3.

[721] Ibid. ii. 3.

[722] De Bapt. Chr. c. 3.

[723] In Gen. Hom. xl. c. 4.

[724] De Bapt. J. Chr. c. 7.

[725] De Cœmet. et Cruce, _in fine_, vol. ii.

[726] De Prod. Jud. vol. ii. Hom. i. c. 6.

[727] In Eustath. Ant. vol. ii. p. 601.

[728] In Ep. ad. Hebr. Hom. xvii. c. 3.

[729] Hom. ii. De Stat. c. 9.

[730] De Nat. Christi, c. 7.

[731] De Stat. xi. c. 5. The authenticity of the letter to Cæsarius is so doubtful that I have not ventured to introduce here the celebrated passage which it contains on this subject. It will be found in the Appendix, where the curious history of this letter is related.

[732] Eirenikon, part i. p. 112.

[733] De Laz. Hom. iv. 4.

[734] De Pœnit. Hom. iv. 4.

[735] De Pœnit. Hom. ix.

[736] See Dr. Pusey’s history of the cultus and its mischievous effects, in Parts i. and ii. of the “Eirenikon.”

[737] In Johan. Hom. xxi. 2; and in Matt. Hom. xliv. 1.

[738] De Mundi Creat. vi. 10.

[739] _Vide_ Dr. Pusey, Eiren. i. p. 113: “We could preach whole volumes of the sermons of St. Augustine or St. Chrysostom to our people, to their edification and without offence: were a Roman Catholic preacher to confine himself to their preaching, he would (as it has been said among themselves) be regarded as ‘indevout towards Mary.’”

[740] In Ephes. Hom. iii. _in fine_.

[741] Vol. iii. p. 362.

[742] I have not thought it expedient to crowd the margin with references to Chrysostom’s works for every one of the liturgical forms above mentioned. They may nearly all be consulted in Bingham, book xv., who has collected them with great care. The fullest passages occur in vol. ii. p. 345; iii. p. 104; x. pp. 200 and 527; xi. p. 323. The so-called prayer of St. Chrysostom in our Prayer-Book is found in the Liturgies of St. Basil and St. Chrysostom, but cannot certainly be traced to either of those fathers. It was inserted at the end of the Litany in 1544, and of the Daily Service in 1661.

[743] Vol. ii. pp. 17, 92, 522, _et passim_.

[744] Vol vi. 157.

[745] In Isai. v. 3, and vi.

[746] Ibid. vii. 6.

[747] In Is. vii. c. i.

[748] In Ephes. Hom. x. 1.

[749] De Verb. Apost. vol. iii. p. 282.

[750] In Matt. Hom. i. 2.

[751] In Galat. i. 6.

[752] In Matt. i. _et_ in Johan. i.

[753] In Rom. Hom. xxxi. 1.

[754] In Psalm xliv.; in 1 Cor. Hom. xxix. 1.

[755] _Vide_ Tillemont, xi. p. 37.

[756] Socrat. vi. 4.

[757] Suidas; _vide_ verb. Johannes.

[758] Cont. Anom. Hom. iv.

[759] De Sacerdot. iv. 6.

[760] Adv. Oppugn. Vit. Mon. iii. 2.

[761] Adv. Oppugn. Vit. Mon. ii. 4.

[762] De Pœnit. vi. 1.

[763] De Pœnit. ii. 1.

[764] In Johan. Hom. ii. 2, and vol. vii. 30.

[765] Vol. xi. p. 694.

[766] Vol. ix. p. 407. Comp. Jerome: “Quotusquisque nunc Aristotelem legit? quanti Platonis vel libros novere, vel nomen? Vix in angulis otiosi eos senes recolunt; rusticanos vero et piscatores nostros totus orbis loquitur, universus mundus sonat.”—In Galat. iii.

[767] Alex. Knox, “Remains,” vol. iii. pp. 75-77.

[768] Jebb, “Pastoral Discourses,” ii.

[769] Milner, Hist. ii. p. 302.

[770] Dante, Parad. xii. 136.

INDEX.

Ablavius, the prefect, grandfather of Olympias, 280.

Acacius, bishop of Berœa, carries a petition to Rome, 237; a leader of the faction hostile to Chrysostom, 282; plots against Chrysostom after his recall, 329; undertakes the responsibility, with Antiochus, of the archbishop’s deposition, 332, 339; bribes Lucius to disperse the people at the Baths, 336; assists in ordaining Porphyry, 358.

Acacius of Cæsarea preaches at Antioch, 19.

Æmilius, a champion of Roman freedom, 242.

Æmilius, bishop of Beneventum, one of the Italian deputation, 353.

Aëtius, an extreme Arian, 109.

Africa, Church of, maintains communion with Theophilus and Chrysostom, 385.

African Council, resolution of, wishing for intercourse between Rome and Alexandria, 385.

Alaric, a royal Visigoth, 187; descends into Thrace and ravages the country round Constantinople, 207; mock interview with Rufinus, 207; overruns Greece, 207; spreads devastation over Peloponnesus, 210; made commander-in-chief of the forces of the East, 210; efforts to gain Rome, 359.

Alexander, governor at Antioch, 11.

Alexander of Basilinopolis, a friend of Chrysostom, 329.

Alexander Severus, Emperor, 46.

Alexander succeeds Porphyry in the see of Antioch, 377; pays honour to Chrysostom, 388.

Alexandria, vices of the Christian population of, 11; tumults at, 30; products of monks shipped to, 64; religious riots at, 65; parochial divisions, 103 _note_; sedition at, 151; order restored by Cynegius, 151; its mixed population, 195; flight of Theophilus to, 325.

Alexandrian school, allegorical interpretations of, 28.

Almsgiving, Chrysostom on the duty of, 228.

Amantius, chamberlain of Eudoxia, 241.

Ambrose, archbishop of Milan, 41 _note_; a layman when consecrated, 56; converts multitudes of women to celibacy, 61; sides with Theodosius, 142; reply to the appeal of Symmachus, 145, 146; prohibits feasts in the churches, 182; his character, 187; before the royal council, 187; refuses to surrender the Portian Basilica, 187; will not recognise the edict, 188; served with an order of banishment, but refuses to depart, 189; declines the proposal of arbitration, and remains master of the field, 190; his triumph, 190; mission to Maximus, 190; letter to Theodosius on his commanding the bishop of Callinicum to restore the Jewish synagogue, 192; sermon at Milan on the same subject, 192, 193; the Emperor succumbs, 193; mission to obtain clemency for the Thessalonians, 195; withdraws from Milan into the country, 196; exhorts the Emperor to deep repentance, 196; refuses Theodosius admittance to the cathedral, 196; repulses Rufinus the minister, 197; prescribes penance to the Emperor, 197; testimony of Theodosius to his nobility of character, 198; strife with Flavian, 199; receives the Emperor after his defeat of Arbogastes, 201; administers the Eucharist to Theodosius, 201; urges Nectarius to depose Gerontius, 273.

Ammianus Marcellinus on the luxury of bishops of great cities, 217.

Ammon, bishop of Laodicea, 266; a leader of Chrysostom’s enemies, 329.

Ammonius, a Nitrian monk, baptizes Rufinus, 204; one of the “tall brethren,” 294; struck by Theophilus, 295; interview with Epiphanius, 305; his death, 316; prediction of persecution to the Church, 316; buried at “the Oak,” where he had baptized the minister Rufinus, 316; Theophilus weeps over his death and eulogises him, 316.

Anastasius, Pope, anathematises Origen, 296.

Anathematising denounced by Chrysostom, 133.

Anchorites, the, 60.

Ancyra in Phrygia, the summer retreat of Arcadius, 209; spectacle of the Emperor’s departure to, 211.

Anomœan doctrine, 110, 111; Chrysostom’s homilies against, 115-117.

Anthemius, master of the offices, appealed to, to disperse the congregation at the Baths, 336; refuses to interfere, but directs Lucius to exhort the people to return to the churches, 336; Chrysostom’s letter to, on his being made prefect and consul, 374.

Anthropomorphites, or Humanisers, 288; denounced by John, bishop of Jerusalem, 290; Theophilus declares himself in their favour, 295.

Anthusa, mother of Chrysostom, 9; a widow at twenty, 10; great love for her son, 10; abstains from marrying again, 11; appeals to Chrysostom not to enter into retirement, 25-27.

Antioch, the birthplace of Chrysostom, 9; vices of its Christian inhabitants, 11; Chrysostom resident at, 57; persecutions at, 57, 58; St. Jerome at Church of, 61; monasteries near, 62, 63; monks in the mountainous heights near, 66; population of, 89; description of, 90, 91; “the great church” at, 91; character of the inhabitants, 92; bishop’s relations to the city, 103; Chrysostom appointed preacher at, 104; resides here ten years, 107; the cradle of Arianism, 109; passion of the people for chariot-races, 118; influence of the Jews, 126, 127; character of its population, 137; its paganism, 137; sedition at, 150; proclamation of edict levying the tribute, 151; sedition at, 150-153; dejection of the people, 153; arrival of the commissioners from the Emperor, 165; the city degraded, 165; Chrysostom remonstrates against the prevalent discontent, 168, 169; the city is pardoned, 170; joy of the people, 170; excitable feelings of the populace, 215; Chrysostom’s forcible removal from the city, 215.

Antioch, Church of, vicissitudes in the, 17-22; the see in the hands of the Arians for some time, 17; its Arian bishops, 17-20; split into three parties, 20; its three rival bishops, Paulinus, Meletius, and Euzoius, 20; a fourth added by the Apollinarians, 20; the people favour Meletius, 21; the schism finally healed by Chrysostom, 21; its three sections of Meletians, Eustathians, and Arians, 133.

Antioch, Council of (A.D. 341), Twelfth Canon of the, 328; swayed by Arian influence, 329; its object the harassment of Athanasius, 330; Chrysostom’s enemies stake their whole issue on its Twelfth Canon, 330; question as to its validity, 330; its Canons pronounced by Innocent invalid, 351.

Antiochus, bishop of Ptolemais, discourses at Constantinople, 276; a leader of the faction hostile to Chrysostom, 282; plots against the archbishop after his recall, 329; rage at the proposal of Elpidius, 331; undertakes the responsibility, with Acacius, of Chrysostom’s deposition, 332, 339; urges the Emperor to remove him from the city, 339; assists in ordaining Porphyry, 358.

Antiochus Epiphanes, 91.

Antiochus the Great, 126.

Antiphonal singing, 189 _note_.

Antoninus, bishop of Ephesus, grave charges against, 266; flatly denies the charges, 268; is alarmed when the archbishop proposes to visit Asia Minor, 268; his interest at court produces opposition to Chrysostom’s departure, 268; is reconciled to his accuser, 269; the farce of the inquiry, 269; his death, 270.

Antonius, a reader, made bishop, 56.

Antony, the Anchorite, 60; wholesome saying of, 64.

Apollo, oracle of, at Daphne, 100.

Apostolical constitutions, 56.

Applause of the congregation, 118; sternly repressed, 164.

Arabianus, bishop, at the assembly at Constantinople, 266.

Arabissus, a fortified town near Cucusus, 383; attacked and nearly captured by Isaurians, 383.

Arbogastes, Valentinian’s general of the forces, 199; his ambition and treachery, 200; repulses the first attack of Theodosius, 200; is overthrown, his army routed, and himself slain, 201; his children pardoned and baptized, 201.

Arcadius, son of Theodosius, 150; Rufinus appointed his guardian, 203; does not oppose the ambition of Rufinus, 204; Eutropius gains complete mastery of his feeble mind after the death of Rufinus, 209; neglect of his empire, 210; becomes a mere puppet, 211; his palaces and pageants, 211; dismisses Eutropius, 248; promises Chrysostom to respect his minister’s retreat in the church, 251; entreats the troops to refrain from violence towards Eutropius, 251; misgivings as to beheading his late minister, 255; yields to the demands of Gaïnas, 259; ratifies the deposition of Chrysostom by the “Synod of the Oak,” 316; refuses to attend church on Christmas Day until the archbishop has cleared himself, 329; the patriarch’s case pleaded before him, 330, 331; orders Chrysostom to be removed from the church to his palace, 332; his alarm, 332; sends for Acacius and Antiochus, 332; turns a deaf ear to the entreaty of the forty bishops, 333; permits a concourse of Christians at Pempton to be dispersed, 337.

Archelaus invited Socrates to court, 76.

Arian controversy, the, 17-22.

Arianism, at Antioch, 109, 110; Chrysostom’s homilies against, 110-117.

Arians, the, 50; their danger to Christianity, 109; forbidden by Theodosius to hold assemblies, 142; stronghold of, at Constantinople, in the time of Gregory of Nazianzus, 235; molest the peace in Chrysostom’s time, 236.

Aristides, resistance of, to ambition, 95.

Arius, probably instructed by Lucian, 109; his Thalia, 236.

Arsacius elevated to the see of Constantinople, 344; his character, 344; persecution of the Johnites, 344; his death, 371.

Ascension Day, Sunday before, 177 _note_.

Ascetic life, commencement of, 24; relapse from, 31, 32.

Asceticism considered the highest form of life, 82.

Ascetics, youthful association of, 27; primitive, 59; called by Eusebius “earnest persons,” and by Clemens Alexandrinus “more elect than the elect,” 60.

Asia, Church of, disgraceful state of the, 373.

Asia Minor, Chrysostom desires to visit, 268; three delegates appointed to visit, 269; the Church of, needs a healing hand, 270; Chrysostom visits, 271; Theophilus travels through, seeking for disaffected bishops, 306.

Asterius, count of the East, assists in removing Chrysostom from Antioch, 215.

Aterbius, a pilgrim, applies himself to the detection of heresy at Jerusalem, 288; denounces John the bishop, Jerome, and Rufinus as Origenists, 289.

Athanasius, archbishop of Alexandria, obscurity of the early years of, 9; return to Alexandria from exile, 20; consecrated at an early age, 56; accompanied to Rome by monks, 61; the Twelfth Canon of the Council of Antioch aimed against, 329.

Atticus, a presbyter, an opponent of Chrysostom, elected to the see of Constantinople during the archbishop’s banishment, 283, 356; obtains imperial rescripts against the clergy and laymen, 356; the Johnites refuse to hold communion with him, 388; admits the name of Chrysostom into the diptychs of the Church at Constantinople, 388.

Augustine, St., 40; permits sitting during the reading of the Acts of the Saints, 178; on the honour due to saints and martyrs, 180; prohibits feasts in the churches, 182; traits of earlier life and baptism, 189; on the discharge of episcopal duties, 212; eulogium on Chrysostom, 385; comparison with Chrysostom, 430.

Aurelian, prætorian prefect, presides over the suit instituted against Eutropius, 255; the Empress procures his elevation to the consulship, 256; his surrender demanded by Gaïnas, 257; insulted by Gaïnas, and afterwards delivered up, 257.

Aurelius, bishop of Carthage, 182; receives a letter from Chrysostom, 385.

Auxentius, the Arian bishop, 190.

Avarice, denunciations of, 223, 224.

Babylas, the martyr, Chrysostom’s book on, 92; his remains taken to the grove of Daphne, 101; removed hence by Julian, but afterwards brought back, 102.

Basil, bishop of Raphanea, 14; his friendship with Chrysostom, 14; his line of life the “true philosophy,” _i.e._ monasticism, 15; project for a life of seclusion, 27; reluctance to be made a bishop, 40-42; remonstrates with Chrysostom, 42; parting from Chrysostom on his appointment to a bishopric, 54.

Basil, bishop of Seleucia, 14.

Basil (the Great), bishop of Cæsarea, 14; contends against the misconceptions of baptism, 16; sides with Theodosius, 142; reprobates trading near the “martyries,” 182; qualified admiration of Origen’s teachings, 287.

Basiliscus, bishop of Comana, suffered martyrdom, 386; story of his appearing to Chrysostom, 387.

Baths of Constantine, interrupted services carried on at, 334; people refuse to leave, 336; scenes of violence at, 336.

Bautho, father of Eudoxia, 205.

Benedict, St., 60; establishment of his monastery, 144.

Benedictines of Camaldoli, 62.

Bequests made by codicils renounced by Theodosius, 193.

Bethlehem, Jerome’s monastic establishment at, 289.

Bishops, mode of electing, 40, 46, 47; violence at elections of, 47, 48; age at which eligible for, 56, 57; laymen consecrated, 56; their high social position, 212; canvassing and bribery at their elections, 213; luxurious style of living, 217.

Bithynia, Chrysostom conveyed to, 340.

Bosporus, the, Chrysostom crosses, to intercede with Gaïnas, 257; a messenger sent across to seek for Chrysostom, 321; studded with boats on the patriarch’s return, 322; “the sea became a city,” 324; its waters crowded to welcome the reliques of Chrysostom, 388.

Botheric, governor of Thessalonica, imprisons a favourite charioteer, 194; refuses to release him, 195; is mortally wounded, 195.

Briso, Eudoxia’s chamberlain, wounded in a street fray, 236; the bearer to Chrysostom of a letter from the Empress, 321; intercedes for Chrysostom, 361.

Brison, bishop of Philippopolis, a leader of Chrysostom’s enemies, 329.

British Isles, 112; reached by Christianity, 123; evangelised, 238.

Cæsarea, pre-eminence of the see of, over that of Jerusalem, 292; Chrysostom arrives at, on his exile, 362; violent scenes at, 363.

Cæsarius, Chrysostom’s letter to, 433, 434.

Cæsarius, commissioner to Antioch, 165; goes to the Emperor to intercede for the people, 166; his arrival at Constantinople, 170; his errand anticipated, 171.

Cæsarius of Arles made reader at the age of seven, 23.

Caligula, destruction of Antioch in the reign of, 90.

Callinicum, 191; its people destroy a Jewish synagogue, 191; the bishop commanded to restore the building, 192; Ambrose objects to this, and Theodosius gives way, 192, 193.

Camillus, a champion of Roman freedom, 242.

Capua, council of Western bishops at, 199.

Carterius superintends the studies of youthful ascetics, 27.

Carthage, Fourth Council of, 23.

Cassianus, John, founder of a monastery at Marseilles, 61; his rules of the cloister, 61; remains a friend of Chrysostom, 279; custodian of the church treasury at Constantinople, 342; flies to Rome, 350.

Castricia, 257; an enemy of Chrysostom, 282, 328.

Catechumens, period of probation for, 15.

Celibacy of the clergy, Chrysostom on, 95, 96; canons of the Council of Nice upon, 219; “the ancient tradition of the Church” concerning, 219.

Chalcedon, Council of (A.D. 451), 14; the title of “Patriarch” first appears in its Acts, 216 _note_; extends the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople, 274; grants him equal privileges with the Patriarch of Rome, 275; decides on the precedence of the see of Jerusalem over that of Cæsarea, 289 _note_.

Chalcedon, “The Oak” a suburb of, where the synod hostile to Chrysostom was held, 204; a church, monastery, and palace built here by Rufinus, 309.

Character, Eastern and Western, compared, 173.

Chariot-races censured, 119, 224-226.

Christian morals, Chrysostom on the state of, 70.

Christian responsibilities, 231.

Christian wife, portrait of a, 229.

Christianity, recognised position of, 10; partially paganised, 11; “the philosophy” of, 15, 24; imperilled by corruption of morals and faith, 107; its progress, 123; recognition by the empire, 126; its humanising influence in a heartless age, 174.

Christmas, observance of, 134, 136.

Christmas Day, the Emperors attend divine service in state on, 329.

Christ’s equality with the Father, 113-116; zealous defence of His pure divinity, 181, 182.

Chromatius, bishop of Aquileia, sends a letter by the Italian deputation, 368; Chrysostom’s letters to, 334, 335, 384.

Chrysostom, St. John: Probable date of his birth, 9. His birthplace Antioch in Syria, 9. His parents, 9. Father’s death, 10. Early training, 12. Destined for the legal profession, 12. Attendance at the lectures of Libanius, 12. Nascent powers of eloquence, 13. Appellation of Chrysostomos, or the “Golden Mouth,” 13, 427. Libanius praises his speech in honour of the Emperors, 13. Commences practice as a lawyer, 13. Disgust with a secular life, 14. Study of Holy Scripture, 14. Early friendship with Basil, bishop of Raphanea, 14. Forms acquaintance with Meletius, bishop of Antioch, 15. Delay in his baptism, 15; alleged cause for the delay, 21, 22. Baptized by Meletius, 22. Becomes for a time an enthusiastic ascetic, 22. His intense piety and love to God, 22. Ordained reader by Meletius, 23. Project for retiring into seclusion, 25. Frustrated by his mother’s entreaties, 25-27. Letters of exhortation to Theodore, 32-39. Reluctance to be consecrated a bishop, 40, 41. His “pious fraud,” 42. Dissension with Basil, 42, 43. Books on the priesthood, 40-55. Reasons for declining a bishopric, 53. Narrow escape from persecution, 58. Retirement into a monastery, 58. Exults at the growth of monasticism in Egypt, 62. Description of the daily life of the monks, 66, 67. Admiration for monastic communities, 67. Treatises composed during monastic life, 69. Epistle to Demetrius, 70, 71. Epistle to Stelechius, 71, 72. Treatise addressed “to the assailants of monastic life,” 73-80. Becomes an ardent ascetic, 82. Enters a cave near Antioch, 82. Breakdown of health, and abandonment of monastic life, 82. Returns to his home at Antioch, 82. Epistle to Stagirius, 82-85. Ordained a deacon by Meletius, 86. Congenial duties of the diaconate, 89. Treatise “On Virginity,” 92. Letter to a young widow, 92-95. Views on marriage and celibacy, 95-100. Treatise, “De S. Babyla contra Julianum et Gentiles,” 100-102. Ordained to the priesthood by Flavian, 103.

Chrysostom, St. John, as preacher at Antioch: Inaugural discourse at Antioch, 104-106. Preaches at Antioch for ten years, 107. Sermon on bishop Meletius, 108. Homilies against Arians, 109-115. Profound acquaintance with Scripture, 116. All argument based upon Scripture, 117. Rebukes his hearers for their neglect of the celebration of the Eucharist, 117; for applauding his words, 118; and for their love of the circus, 118-120. Homilies against Pagans, 121-124. Occasional defects of interpretation of the Scriptures, 125. Homilies against Jews and Judaising Christians, 126-133. Homily against anathematising, 133. Sermon on Christmas Day, 134, 135. Indignation at riotous festivity, 136. Homily on New Year’s Day, 136, 137, 151. Rebukes gross and senseless superstitions, 137. Agrees with the Emperor Theodosius, 142. Immense efforts after the tumult at Antioch, 154. Encourages the people to hope for clemency, 154.

Chrysostom, St. John, as preacher at Antioch: Homilies on the statues, 154-164. Exhortations to repentance, 156; on this world’s wealth, 156, 157; on the method of keeping Lent, 157, 158; on fasting, 159; against rash oaths, 159; on death, 161; on the signs of a Creator, 162, 163. Similes from Nature, 163. Ethical doctrine, 163. Praise of the hermits for their courage, 166, 167. Expostulates with the people on their discontent, 169. Thanksgiving for the pardon of Antioch, 170. Describes the interview between Flavian and the Emperor, 171-174. His illness, 177, 184. Homilies on festivals of saints and martyrs, 177-183. Belief in the intercessory power of saints, 179. Exhorts the people to imitate the lives of the martyrs, 180. Homily on the Sunday before Ascension Day, 184. Praise of the peasant clergy, 184. Elected to the see of Constantinople, 214. Force and fraud employed to remove him from Antioch, 215.

Chrysostom, St. John, as archbishop of Constantinople: Arrival at Constantinople, 215. His consecration as archbishop, 216. The “sermo enthronisticus,” 216. Too much the saint of the cloister for his new position, 217. His unpopular reforms, 218. Denounces “spiritual sisters,” and implores the clergy to liberate themselves from these disgraceful connections, 219-221. Exacts rigorous discipline from the clergy, 222. Conducts, with the Empress, a torch-light procession on the removal of some martyrs’ reliques, 222, 223. Eulogium on the Empress, 223. Denunciations of avarice, 224. Censures the people for their attachment to chariot-races, 224, 225. Denounces fashionable follies, 226-228. Portrays the character of a Christian wife, 229. Represents to property holders their duties, 230. Dilates on Christian responsibilities, 231. Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles, 231 _note_. Indignation at the practice of oath-taking, 231, 232. Censures addiction to the pleasures of the table, 232. Character of his flock, 233, 234. Combats the errors of the Novatians and Arians, 235, 236. Labours to heal the schism at Antioch, 237. Missionary efforts in Scythia, Syria, and Palestine, 237. Assigns a church at Constantinople for the Scythians (or Goths), 238. Endeavours to extirpate paganism, 238, 239. Affords protection to Eutropius, 250. Maintains, when taken before the Emperor, the Church’s right of asylum, 251. Sermon on the degradation of Eutropius, 252-254. Intercedes with Gaïnas, 257. Homily after returning from his intercession, 257, 258. Contest with Gaïnas, who desired the law prohibiting Arian worship within the city to be abolished, 280. Proposes to visit Asia Minor to investigate the charges against Antoninus, 268. His visit opposed by the court, 268. Appoints delegates to proceed to Asia, 269. Solicited by the clergy of Ephesus to come to them, 270. Proceeds to Ephesus, and is welcomed by the clergy and seventy bishops, 271. Proposes Heracleides as bishop of Ephesus, who is elected, 271. Holds a synod at Ephesus, and deprives six simoniacal bishops of their sees, 272. Returning through Bithynia, he deposes Gerontius, 273. Extent of his jurisdiction as Patriarch of Constantinople, 274. Received with demonstrations of joy on his return, 275. Dismisses Severian from the city, but recalls him by command of the Empress, 276, 277. Denounces crimes and follies, and becomes unpopular, 278. His friends, 279, 280. Leaders of the hostile faction, 282. Qualified admiration of Origen’s teaching, 287. Reception of the Nitrian monks, 298. Letter to Theophilus, beseeching him to be reconciled with the fugitives, 298. Refuses to join in the condemnation of Origen and his writings, 301. The plots of his enemies, 302. Farewell to Epiphanius, 319. Irritates the Empress by a sermon against the follies of fashionable ladies, 306. Theophilus refuses his hospitality, and declines all communication, 307, 308. Directed by the court to preside at the inquiry at Pera into the conduct of Theophilus, 308. Declines to judge him out of his province, 308. Scene at the palace with his bishops, 310, 311. Summoned to appear before the “Synod of the Oak,” 311. Indignation of his bishops, and their reply to Theophilus, 312. Letter refusing to attend the synod until his declared enemies are ejected, 312, 313. Charges laid against him by archdeacon John and Isaac the monk, 313, 314. Steadfastly refuses to attend the synod, and appeals to a general council, 315. Deposed by the synod, 316. Deposition ratified by the Emperor, and sentenced to banishment, 317. Sermon before departing, 317, 319. Bows to the storm, and surrenders himself, 320. Embarks, and is conveyed to Hieron, 320. Removes to Prænetum, opposite Nicomedia, 320. Receives an abject letter from the Empress, entreating him to return, 321. Crosses the Bosporus, and refuses at first to enter Constantinople until acquitted by a general council, 322. Urged to enter the city, and consents, 322. Halts before the Church of the Apostles, but is borne in by the people, 322. Compelled to sit on the throne, and pronounce a benediction, 322. An extempore address, 322, 323. Sermon after recall, in which he extols the Empress, 324. Denounces the ceremony at the erection of the image of Eudoxia, 327. Incurs the resentment of the Empress, 328. Further plots of his enemies, 328. Continues to discharge his duties, 331. Will not cease to officiate unless compelled by force, 332. Removed from the church to his palace, 332. Letter to Innocent I. on the disturbances at Constantinople, 334, 335. His flock, after many trials, broken up, 338. Attempts made to assassinate him, 338. Receives the mandate of deposition, 339. Farewell to his bishops and deaconesses, 339. Departure from the Church—“the Angel of the Church went out with him,” 340.

Chrysostom, St. John, in exile: Conveyed to the Bithynian coasts, 340. Suspected of incendiarism, and loaded with chains, 342. Implores the Emperor to be allowed to defend himself and clergy against the atrocious charges, 342, 343. Journeys to Nice, 343. Encourages his suffering friends, 343. Cheered by the fortitude and loyalty of Olympias, 346, 347. Persuades Pentadia to remain at Constantinople, to support the afflicted, 347. Letter to Constantius, missionary priest, 361. Travels from Nice to Cæsarea, where fanatical monks besiege the house in which he is lodged, 362, 363. Falls ill with fever, 362. Is removed from Cæsarea to the house of Seleucia, who is menaced by Pharetrius, 364. Taken thence, and totters in darkness along the Cappadocian mountains, 364. Monks and nuns meet him on the road, and bewail his calamities, 365. Cucusus, the place of his exile, is reached, 365. Received with much consideration and kindness, 366. Letters to Olympias from Cucusus, 367, 372. Letters to friendly bishops and laymen, to Gemellus, and to Anthemius, 373, 374. Receives old friends from Antioch, who come to him for guidance, 374. Letters to clergy and others, 376. Influence over the empire in his exile, 377, 378. Sufferings from the winter cold, 379. Interest in the mission in Phœnicia, 380. Letters to Gerontius and Rufinus the Presbyter, 380-382. Privation, anxiety, and rapid removals, bring on illness, 383. Letters to the Italian bishops, to Chromatius, to Innocent, and to Aurelius, 383-385. Suffers less, and thinks God will restore him to his position in the Church, 385, 386. His enemies get him removed to Pityus, in a desolate country, 386. Arrives at Comana, in Pontus, 386. Story of the vision of the martyred Basiliscus, 387. Wishes to remain at the church, but is hurried on by his guards, 387. Is taken ill, and brought back to the martyry, where he dies after partaking of the Eucharist, 387. Honoured after his death, 388. His reliques brought to Constantinople, and deposited in the Church of the Apostles, 388, 389.

Chrysostom, St. John, theological teaching of: Survey of his theological teaching, 390. Practical character of his works, 391. His natural and forcible language, 391. On the nature of man, 392, 393. Sin and necessity, 393, 394. Free-will and grace, 394-396. God’s will and man’s freedom, 397, 398. Co-operation of God’s will with man’s, 398. Divine grace, 399, 400. Nature of the Godhead, 401, 402. Manhood and Godhead in Christ, 402-404. The Redemption, 404-406. Justification, 406, 407. Faith and good works, 407, 408. The efficacy of prayer, 408, 409. Baptism, 409-412. The Holy Eucharist, 412-415. No trace of confession, purgatory, or Mariolatry, 416-418. No acknowledgment of papal supremacy, 418, 419. Liturgical forms, 419-421. Character as a commentator, 421-424. The New Testament a completion of the Old, 424. Variations in the Gospel narratives, 424, 425. Inspiration of the Bible, 425. Characteristics as a preacher, 425, 426. Personal appearance, 425, 426. Preservation of his discourses, 427. Style of language, 428. Allusions to Greek classical authors, 428, 429. Depreciation of Pagan modes and ideas, 429. Compared with St. Augustine, 430. His fight in the cause of Christian holiness, 431.

Church, the, Chrysostom does not rely on the tradition of, 117; its power and progress, 123, 124; claims pre-eminence over civil law, 192; tradition with regard to clerical celibacy, 219; custom concerning the preaching of strangers, 226; its stability, 318; its degradation, 359.

Claudian, his verses on Stilicho, 205, 208; his appeal against the consulship of Eutropius, 242; companion of Stilicho, 242 _note_; sarcasm aimed at the adulation of the Byzantines, 243; dramatic account of Tribigild’s meeting with his wife, 244, 245; his description of Leo, 246.

Claudius, Antioch shattered in the reign of, 90.

Clemens Alexandrinus terms ascetics “more elect than the elect,” 60.

Clergy, the, treatment of, by Constantine and Theodosius, 147; Jerome on their worldly hospitality, 217; exempted from curial office by Constantine, 272; those who were curiales forbidden to be ordained, 272.

Cœnobia, the, founded by Pachomius, 60.

Comana, in Pontus, Chrysostom arrives at, 386; dies at the martyry outside the town, 387.

Commodus, the Olympic games instituted in the time of, 92, 101.

Communicants received within the rails and close to the altar, 225 and _note_.

Congregation rebuked by Chrysostom, 117; its applause of Chrysostom’s words, 118; customary to stand while the preacher sat, 154 _note_.

Conscience, the law of, 163.

Constantia, sister of the Emperor, 17.

Constantine favours the Arians, 17; deposes the Catholic bishops, 17; commences building “the great church” of Antioch, 91; statutes concerning the Jews, 126; exemptions of the clergy, 147; his forgiveness of an injury, 171, 172; right of asylum transferred in his time from Pagan temples to Christian churches, 249; exempted the clergy from curial office, 272.

Constantinople, vices of the Christian population of, 11; Arian synod at, 18; tumults at, 30; St. Jerome at church of, 61; religious riots at, 65, 66; division into districts, 103; passion of the people for chariot-races, 118; edict of Theodosius, 142; surrounding country ravaged by Alaric, 207; competition for its see, 213; Chrysostom appointed archbishop, 214; mixture of population, 223; its forms of error, 234, 235; stronghold of Arianism in the time of Gregory of Nazianzus, 235; occupied by Gaïnas and the Goths, 259; circular to its clergy announcing Chrysostom’s deposition, 316; the people, enraged at the sentence, guard him against abduction, 317; the populace demand the restoration of the patriarch, 321; visited by an earthquake, 321; sanguinary frays in the streets, 325; flight of Theophilus from, 325; shocking tumult at St. Sophia on Easter Eve, 333; its churches deserted during Chrysostom’s absence, 334; the interrupted services continued at the Baths, 334; fresh scenes of violence, 336-338; fury of the people on discovering the removal of Chrysostom, 341; the cathedral-church and senate-house burnt down, 341, 342; visited by destructive hailstorms, 354; coercion ineffectual in bringing the people to submit to Atticus and his clergy, 357.

Constantinople, Council of (A.D. 381), 14; presided over by Meletius, 21, 86; project for a general council after, 142; restricts the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Constantinople, 274; gave him first rank after the bishop of Rome, 274.

Constantius, a missionary in Phœnicia, receives a letter from Chrysostom, 361.

Constantius, a priest, described by Palladius, 357, 358; the people of Antioch desire to make him their bishop, 358; Porphyry procures his banishment, 358; escapes to Cyprus, 358; follows Chrysostom into exile, 366.

Constantius, Emperor, 17; deposes Stephen, bishop of Antioch, 17; summons a general council, 18; orders the creed of Rimini to be signed, 18; visits Antioch, 19; finishes “the great church” at Antioch, 91; statutes concerning the Jews, 126.

Cornelius, bishop of Rome, 47.

Crates resists ambition, 95.

Creator, signs of a, in the universe, 161, 162.

Crito, 76.

Cross, honour paid to the, 123.

Cucusus, a village in the Tauric range, subject to attacks from Isaurians, 360; selected by Eudoxia as the place of Chrysostom’s exile, 361; arrival of the archbishop at, 365; ravaged by the Isaurians, 382.

Cynegius, prefect of the East, 143; enforces the law against informers, 151; quells the sedition at Alexandria, 151.

Cyprian on a legitimate ordination, 47; consecrated bishop when a layman, 56.

Cyprus, Council of, decree of the, 299.

Cyriacus, bishop of Synnada, accompanies Chrysostom on board the vessel, 340; detained in chains at Bithynia, 342; taken to Chalcedon, 342; dismissed, 342; a fugitive to Rome, 350; accompanies the Italian deputation, 353; confined in a Persian fortress, 355; intercedes for Chrysostom, 361.

Cyril, successor of Theophilus, reluctant to recognise Chrysostom, 388.

Cyrinus, bishop of Chalcedon, joins Chrysostom at Bithynia, 271; denounces the archbishop, 307; plots against him after his recall, 329; urges the Emperor to remove Chrysostom from Constantinople, 338, 339; his death, 307, 354.

Damasus contests the see of Rome, 47.

Damophilus exiled by Theodosius, 142.

Dante, the position assigned in Paradise to Chrysostom by, 431.

Daphne, grove of, 92; description of, 101; destruction of its temple, 102.

Deacons, called “Levites of the Christian Church,” 87; duties of, 88; their peculiar office in the early Church, 88, 89.

Death, Chrysostom on, 93, 161.

Decious, persecution of, 60.

Demetrius, bishop of Pessina, Chrysostom’s epistle to, 69-71; denounces the “Synod of the Oak,” and returns to Chrysostom, 315; accompanies the Italian deputation, 353; dies of harsh treatment when being conveyed to one of the Egyptian oases, 355.

“De Sacerdotio,” Chrysostom’s, 40-46.

Diocese, meaning of, 274 _note_.

Diodorus, influence of, upon Chrysostom and Theodore, 27; founder of a method of Biblical interpretation, 28; made bishop of Tarsus by Meletius, 28; attacked by Julian, 28; commentary on the Old and New Testaments, 28, 29; his theology, 29-31; its rationalistic tendency, 30; writings condemned by the Fifth Œcumenical Council, 31; rational system of conducting monasteries, 66.

Diogenes, 95.

Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily, 76.

Dioscorus, a Nitrian monk, one of the “tall brethren,” 294; made bishop of Hermopolis by Theophilus, 294; a victim of the rage of Theophilus, 296; his death, 316.

Dispensations, teaching of the Old and New, 99.

Divination, arts of, 143.

Domitianus, widows and virgins in the care of, 376.

Domninus blinded to the preparations of Maximus, 191.

Doxology, Arian form of the, 18.

Easter Day, vast crowds attend the church on, 234, 331.

Easter Eve, a great day for the baptism of converts, 332; the vigil on, interrupted at St. Sophia, 333.

Easter kept according to Jewish calculation, 130; this practice condemned by the Council of Nice, 130; and denounced by Chrysostom, 130.

Eastern Church, the, acknowledges Meletius as bishop of Antioch, 20; the parent of asceticism, 59; the festival of Christmas in, 134; favourable to clerical celibacy, 218; finds the teaching of Origen congenial, 287; the “Synod of the Oak” a stain upon, 313; appeals to the Western Church, 335, 348; not famed for missionary enterprise, 382; desire to maintain communion with the West, 388.

Education in monasteries, Chrysostom urges the advantage of, 81.

Elpidius, a priest, bribes a slave to assassinate Chrysostom, 338.

Elpidius, bishop of Laodicea, friendly to Chrysostom, 329; his adroit proposal, 331; deposed and imprisoned for his attachment to Chrysostom, 377; the archbishop writes thanking him for his zeal, 377; restored to his see by Alexander, bishop of Antioch, 377.

Elvira, synod of, enjoins celibacy of the clergy, 218.

Emperors, fate of, 94; half idolatrous homage paid to, 326, 327; custom of attending church in state on Christmas Day, 329.

Epaminondas not allured by ambition, 95.

Ephesus, Chrysostom arrives at, 271; election of a bishop to the see of, 271; synod at, 271, 272; worship of Midas suppressed at, 274; its see occupied by a monster of iniquity, 357.

Epiphanius, bishop of Constantia and Cyprus, 289; visits Jerusalem, and accepts the hospitality of Bishop John, 289; preaches against the doctrines of Origen, 290; leaves Jerusalem, and breaks off communion with its bishop, 290, 291; forcibly ordains Paulinian deacon and priest, 291; receives an apologetic letter from Theophilus, 299; goes to Constantinople, irregularly ordains a deacon, and refuses the hospitality of Chrysostom, 302, 303; his attempt to enter the church and denounce the writings of Origen prevented by Serapion, 304; his prayers implored by the Empress on her son’s behalf, 304; interview with Ammon and his brethren, 305; his compunction and departure from Constantinople, 305.

Essenes, the, 59.

Eucharist, congregation neglect the celebration of the, 117; Chrysostom censures irreverent conduct at, 135; character of some of its partakers, 233.

Eucharistic elements burned at the pillage of the Nitrian monks, 297; profaned by soldiers at St. Sophia, 333.

Eudoxia, 189; weds Arcadius, 206; baptized and educated in the Christian faith, 206; Chrysostom’s eulogium of, at the removal of the remains of some martyrs, 222, 223; aims at the fall of Eutropius, and makes an ally of Chrysostom, 240; contributes to the support of the churches and the relief of the poor, 241; profound jealousy of the power of Eutropius, 248; relates the minister’s insults to her to Arcadius, 248; remains mistress of the field after the death of Eutropius, 256; stands unrivalled in the management of the empire, 263, 264; gives birth to a male heir to the throne, 264; proclaimed Empress under the title of Augusta, 264; commands Chrysostom to recall Severian and admit him to communion, 276, 277; becomes the enemy of Chrysostom, 283, 284; accosted by the Nitrian monks, and promises that the council they desire shall be convened, 301; implores the prayers of the monks, 301; asks the prayers of Epiphanius on her son’s behalf, 304; terrified by an earthquake, 321; sends a humble letter to Chrysostom, entreating him to return, 321; her image placed in front of the cathedral, 327; ceremony at its erection denounced by Chrysostom, 327; her fierce resentment, 328; will not listen to the entreaty of the forty bishops, 333; receives a solemn warning from Paul, bishop of Crateia, 333; her death, 354.

Eudoxius, bishop of Germanicia, seizes the see of Antioch, 18; made archbishop of Constantinople, 18.

Eugenius’s children pardoned and baptized, 201.

Eugraphia, 256; an enemy of Chrysostom, 283; her house the rendezvous of the disaffected, 283.

Eulysius, bishop of Apamea, accompanies Chrysostom on board the vessel, 340; detained in chains at Bithynia, 342; taken to Chalcedon, 342; dismissed, 342; a fugitive to Rome, 350; accompanies the Italian deputation, 353; imprisoned in Arabia, 355.

Eunomians forbidden by Theodosius to hold meetings, 142.

Eunomius, an extreme Arian, 109; founder of the Eunomian or Anomœan sect, 109.

Euphronius, Arian bishop of Antioch, 17.

Eusebius, a deacon, seeks an interview with Innocent I., 348.

Eusebius, a Nitrian monk, one of the “tall brethren,” 294; made presbyter by Theophilus, 294.

Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia, instructed by Lucian, 109.

Eusebius, bishop of Valentinopolis, presents grave charges against Antoninus, 266; commits the crime he has denounced, and is reconciled to Antoninus, 269; postpones the production of witnesses, 269; departs for Constantinople, and affects illness, 270; is excommunicated, 270; requests to be readmitted to communion with his brethren, 271.

Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli, goes to Antioch to heal the division, 20.

Eusebius, of Cæsarea, calls ascetics “earnest persons,” 60; use of the word “martyry,” 178.

Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, deposed by Constantine, 17.

Euthymius, a Nitrian monk, one of the “tall brethren,” 294.

Eutropius, a reader and Johnite, tortured to the death, 345.

Eutropius, the chamberlain, 187; frustrates Rufinus’s scheme for marrying his daughter to Arcadius, 205; strange career and rise, 208; became the adviser of Arcadius, and virtually his master, 209; tyrannous conduct, 209, 210; abolishes the right of asylum in the Church, 210; probably suggested Chrysostom’s election, 214; scheme for removing Chrysostom from Antioch, 215; threatens Theophilus for refusing to assist at Chrysostom’s ordination, 215; does not find Chrysostom a complaisant servant, 240; induces the Emperor to make him consul, 241; adulation of the Byzantines at his inauguration, 243; indignation in the West, 243; treats the rebellion of Tribigild as a petty insurrection, and offers him a bribe, 245; appoints Leo a commander of the legions, 246; his arrogance towards the Empress Eudoxia, 248; degraded by the Emperor, 248; seeks asylum in the Church, 250; protected by Chrysostom, 250; the populace demand his death, 251; his degradation made the subject of a sermon by Chrysostom, 252-254; secretly quits the sanctuary, 255; banished to Cyprus, 255; accused of treason, recalled from Cyprus to Chalcedon, and there beheaded, 256.

Euzoius, an associate of Arius, made bishop of Antioch, 19.

Evagrius, 28; recognised by Ambrose as bishop of Antioch, 199; sudden death, 199.

Evethius, a priest, companion of Chrysostom in his exile, 364; takes letters to the Italian bishops from Chrysostom, 383.

Fashionable follies censured, 227-229.

Fasting, Chrysostom on, 157-159.

Flaccilla, daughter of Eudoxia, 248.

Flacilla, the Empress, 148; her humility and gratitude, 148; influence upon Theodosius, 148; her death, 148.

Flavian, bishop of Antioch, 59; elected by the Meletians, 87; accused of perjury, 87; ordains Chrysostom to the priesthood, 103; Chrysostom’s encomium on, 105, 106; besought by the people of Antioch to intercede for them after their rioting, 153; undertakes the mission of mercy, 153; Chrysostom is hopeful of his mission, 155; arrives at Constantinople, and obtains pardon for Antioch, 170; returns to Antioch in time for the Easter celebration, 170; reception by the people, 170; interview with the Emperor, 171-174; removes the remains of some saints, 181 _note_; rivalry with Evagrius produces strife with Ambrose, 199; his death, 357.

Fravitta, a loyal Goth, defeats Gaïnas in several engagements, 262; pursuit of the enemy, 262; made consul, 263.

Gaïnas returns with Stilicho’s troops, 207, 208; is commanded to compass the death of Rufinus, 208; sympathises with his relative Tribigild, 244; is retained at Constantinople in command of the city troops, 246; despatched, after Leo’s defeat, to confront Tribigild, 247; believes the surrender of Eutropius would cause Tribigild to become loyal, 247; disdains to be directed by the Empress and her lady advisers, and joins his forces with those of Tribigild, 256, 257; menaces Constantinople, 257; opens negotiations with the Emperor, and demands the surrender of three court favourites, 257; subjects them to insults and a grim practical jest, 257; interview with the Emperor, 258; demands to be made consul and commander-in-chief, to which the Emperor yields, 259; demands the abolition of the law forbidding Arian worship, 259; is opposed in this by Chrysostom, who debates the question with him, 259, 260; his rapacity, 260; flight from the city, 272; declared by royal decree a public enemy, 261; takes to a life of plunder, 262; defeated in several engagements by Fravitta, and a large portion of his army afterwards drowned in crossing the Hellespont, 262; retreat towards the Danube, 262; final defeat and death, 263.

Gallus Cæsar endeavours to reform the licentiousness of Daphne, 101.

Gaudentius, Count, appointed to suppress paganism, 143.

Gelasius, Pope, forbade reading the Acts of the Saints, 178.

Gemellus, Chrysostom’s letter to, 373.

General Council, Chrysostom is willing to be judged by, 315; demanded by the people of Constantinople, 317, 320; summonses issued, 325; counterfeited, and packed with bishops hostile to Chrysostom, 328; desired by Innocent, 352; suggested by Honorius to be held at Thessalonica, 352.

George of Laodicea discourses at Antioch, 19.

Germanus, a priest, friend of Chrysostom, 279; custodian of the church treasury at Constantinople, 342; goes to Rome, 350.

Gerontius, archbishop of Nicomedia, 273; skill in curing diseases, 273; deposed by Chrysostom, 273; accompanies Theophilus to Constantinople to oppose Chrysostom, 307.

Gerontius, a presbyter, anxious to visit Cucusus, 380; persuaded by Chrysostom to go direct to Phœnicia, 380.

Gervasius, the martyr, discovery of the remains of, 190.

Gibbon, his character as an historian, 140; his admiration of Chrysostom in exile, 378.

Gluttony censured by Chrysostom, 232.

God, nature of: Chrysostom on the, 110-112.

Godhead, Three Persons of the: Chrysostom on the, 110-112.

Goths, the, 93; menace the Danubian frontier, 150; hear the Bible read in their own tongue at Constantinople, 238; revolt under Tribigild, 244; defeat the army of Leo, 247; occupy Constantinople, 259; numbers perish after the flight of Gaïnas, 262.

Gratian, the Emperor of the West, 140; his flight and assassination, 141; succeeded by his brother Valentinian, 141.

Grecian legend, 100.

Greek theology, 391, 392.

Gregories, the two, 16, 142.

Gregory of Nazianzus, 86; made archbishop by Theodosius, 142; elected to the see of Constantinople when it was a stronghold of Arianism, 235; subdued the Arian opposition, 236; letter on the marriage of Olympias, 280; sends a poem to Olympias on her duties, 281; qualified admiration of Origen’s teachings, 287.

Gregory of Nyssa, funeral oration of, on Meletius, 21; preaches the sermon at the baptism of Rufinus, 204.

Hadrian, 126.

Heaven and hell, Chrysostom on, 34-36.

Helladius, bishop of Heraclea, consecrates Gerontius, 273; a friend of Chrysostom, 279.

Hellebicus, commissioner to Antioch, 165; remains at Antioch to keep order, 167; receives the rescript of pardon for the city, 170; received everywhere with ovation, 170.

Heracleides, a deacon, elected to the see of Ephesus, 271; friend of Chrysostom, 279; accusations made against him by Theophilus and his partisans, 325; his friends and Chrysostom protest against the illegality of such proceedings, 325.

Heretics, edict of Theodosius against, 142.

Hermione, Theodore wishes to marry, 31; Chrysostom’s reference to, 36, 38; abandoned by Theodore, 39.

Hermits, intercession of, for the people of Antioch, 166; Chrysostom’s joy at their courage, 166, 167; their letter to Theodosius, 167.

Hesychius, bishop of Parium, withdraws from his appointment as delegate to Asia, 269.

Hieron, Chrysostom is conveyed to, 320 and _note_.

Hilarius introduces Pachomian monasticism into Syria, 60, 61.

Hilary of Arles charged with ordaining bishops without the people’s consent, 47.

Hippodrome, the, 118-120.

Holy Saturday, vast crowds assemble in the churches on, 331.

Holy Scripture, Chrysostom’s intimate acquaintance with, 85, 116, 117; Arians do not deny its authority, 117; disputes as to its interpretation, 117; Chrysostom’s occasional defects of interpretation, 125.

Honorius accompanies his father Theodosius to Rome, 193; is sent for to Milan by his father, 201; Stilicho appointed his guardian, 202; receives a deputation of Romans on the consulship of Eutropius, 242; gives a favourable reply, and nominates Mallius Theodorus consul, 243; convenes an Italian synod to consider the state of the Church at Constantinople, 352; suggests to his brother Arcadius a general council to be held at Thessalonica, 352.

Hymn of Pachomian monks, 63.

Ignatius, effect of the death of, in confirming souls, 181.

Illyria ravaged by Huns, 354.

Illyrian provinces occupied by Alaric, 207.

Infant baptism the ordinary practice of the early Church, 15; popular reasons for delaying, 15, 16; the two Gregories, the great Basil, and Chrysostom contend against its misconceptions, 16.

Innocent I., bishop of Rome, appealed to by Chrysostom, 334, 335; is advised by Theophilus to cease communion with Chrysostom, 348; four bishops bring him Chrysostom’s letter, 348; decisive letter to Theophilus, 348; receives another letter from him, on the minutes of the “Synod of the Oak,” 349; sends a second letter of reproof to Theophilus, 349; orders prayers and fasts for the restoration of concord, 349; letter of condolence to the clergy of Constantinople, 349; treats the letter of the cabal with disdain, 350; reply to the letter brought by Germanus, 350, 351; writes to Chrysostom a letter of encouragement and consolation, 351, 352; intercedes with Honorius for the Church of Constantinople, 352; remains attached to Chrysostom’s cause, 358; approves of the restoration of Elpidius to his see, 377; letter from Chrysostom in exile, 384, 385.

Isaac, a Syrian monk, sent to Antioch to inquire into Chrysostom’s early life, 284; brings a list of charges against the archbishop at the “Synod of the Oak,” 314; comes to the archbishop with a peremptory message, 315.

Isaurians ravage Syria and Asia Minor, 354; Cucusus, the destination of Chrysostom, subject to attacks from, 360, 361; ravage the neighbourhood of Cæsarea, 363; molest the roads round Cucusus, 380; cause extreme misery to the inhabitants of Cucusus and the neighbourhood, 382, 383.

Isidore, abbot of Pelusium, on the discharge of episcopal duties, 212.

Isidore, presbyter of Alexandria, a candidate for the see of Constantinople, 213; the depositary of an awkward secret of Theophilus’s, 213; carries a petition to Rome, 237; despatched to Palestine, 292; some account of his life, 293; accepts a charitable trust, 293; refuses to surrender the money to Theophilus, who charges him with a horrible crime, 294; is expelled from the priesthood, and flies to the desert of Nitria, 294.

Italian deputation to Arcadius, 352; maltreated, 353; failure of its mission, 354; returns home, 354.

Italian synod convened by Honorius, 352; result of its deliberations, 352; memorialise Arcadius on the restoration of Chrysostom, 353.

Jealousy of wives and husbands, 97. Jeremy Taylor quoted, 393 _note_; as a preacher, 426.

Jerome quoted, 18; promotes the advance of monasticism, 61; sides with Theodosius, 142; three years’ residence at Rome, 194; admonition on the worldly hospitality of the clergy, 218; description of Theophilus of Alexandria, 285; opinion of Origen’s merits, 288; repudiates Aterbius’s charge of being an Origenist, 289; sides with Epiphanius, 291; strife with John of Jerusalem, 291, 292; commendation of Theophilus’s letter on Origenistic errors, 300; styles Chrysostom a parricide, 302.

Jerusalem the only lawful place for Jewish sacrifices, 130, 131; see of, 289; made a patriarchate, its precedence over Cæsarea, 289 _note_.

Jews, Chrysostom’s opposition to, 50; danger to Christianity, 107; Chrysostom’s method of argument against, 121, 124, 125; homilies against, 126-128; their character and influence at Antioch, 126, 127; statutes concerning, 126; ranged on the Arian side in dissensions, 127; scenes at their festivals, 127, 128; increasing influence in Antioch, 128, 129; Chrysostom’s vehemence against, 129-131; their sacrifices, 130, 131; the four Captivities foretold, 131; revolts under Hadrian and Constantine, 131; jeer at the tumult at Constantinople, 340.

John, archdeacon of Constantinople, cherishes malice against Chrysostom, 313; brings a list of charges against him at the “Synod of the Oak,” 314.

John, bishop of Jerusalem, an admirer of Origen, 288; indignation at the accusation of Aterbius, 289; his pride wounded, 289; preaches against the Anthropomorphites, and on the Christian verities, 290; places the monasteries of Bethlehem under an interdict, 291; strife with Jerome, 291, 292.

John, Count, appointed Comptroller of the Royal Treasury, 256; his surrender demanded by Gaïnas, 257; insulted by Gaïnas, and afterwards delivered up, 257.

John, hermit of the Thebaid, consulted by Theodosius, 200.

Johnites, followers of Chrysostom, prisons filled with, 338; persecuted by Arsacius and Optatus, 344, 345.

Jovinus, Count, commissioned to suppress paganism, 143.

Judaising Christians, 128-130.

Julian, Emperor: his efforts to resuscitate paganism, 11; friend of Libanius, 12; recalls all the exiled prelates, 20; his death, 94; consulted the oracle of Apollo at Daphne, 102; attempt to rebuild the Temple frustrated, 131; beheaded two soldiers for being Christians, 179.

Jupiter, destruction of the temple of, at Apamea, 143.

Justina, the queen-mother, 187; her flight to Thessalonica, 191.

Justinian, 47.

Keble, Rev. John, quoted, 275 _note_.

Laodicea made the capital of Syria, 165.

“Laura,” a, or street, 60.

Law, the profession of, the avenue to distinction, 13.

Lent, how to keep, 157-159.

Leo appointed to the command of the troops sent against Tribigild, 246; crosses the Bosporus and pursues the enemy to Pamphylia, 246; want of discipline in his army, 246; his camp attacked by night, the troops fleeing in disorder, 247; is drowned in mud, 247.

Leontius, the eunuch, Arian bishop of Antioch, 17; tries to conciliate the Catholics, 17; instructed by Lucian, 109.

Leontius, bishop of Ancyra, a leader of Chrysostom’s enemies, 329; utters a palpable lie, 330; Chrysostom escapes him when journeying into exile, 362.

“Let us pray,” in our Liturgy, 88.

Letters to Olympius, remarks on the, 370, 371.

Libanius the sophist, 12; an eloquent defender of paganism, 12; his lectures attended by Chrysostom, 12; an opponent of Christianity on principle, 73; elegy over the shrine of Apollo, 102; apology for paganism, 145; attachment to antiquity, 145; invective against the monks, 146; regrets the destruction of the Pagan temples, 147; before the commissioners at Antioch, 165; orations in honour of Theodosius and the commissioners, 166.

“Love-feast,” 182.

Lucian, bishop of Antioch, held doctrines afterwards called Arian, 109; presbyter of Antioch, 109; teacher of Eusebius, Leontius, and probably Arius, 109; suffered martyrdom, 387.

Lucifer of Cagliari at Antioch, 21; consecrates Paulinus bishop, and increases the confusion, 20, 86, 199.

Lucius directed by Anthemius to implore the people to return to the churches, 336; harangues the congregation, but with no effect, 336; is bribed by Acacius, and commits scenes of violence at the Baths, 336; waiting with troops to compel Chrysostom’s departure, if need be, 339.

Macedonians forbidden by Theodosius to hold assemblies, 142.

Macedonius, archbishop of Constantinople, deposed, 18.

Macedonius the hermit, 166; his appeal for the people of Antioch, 166.

Magical arts, decree of Valens against the practisers of, 57, 58.

Mallius Theodorus nominated consul by Honorius, 243.

Manes, error of, 113.

Manichæans, the, 50; celibacy of, 95; their danger to Christianity, 107; forbidden to hold assemblies, 142.

Marcellina, the example of, converted many women to celibacy, 61.

Marcellus, bishop, killed, 143.

Marcia, 256; an enemy of Chrysostom, 282, 328.

Marcion, error of, 113.

Marcionites, 95; their danger to Christianity, 107.

Mariamna, Chrysostom arrives at, 322.

Marriage, Chrysostom on, 95; how arranged, 96, 97; its trials and troubles, 97-100.

Martin, St., bishop of Tours, 40; founder of religious houses, 61; followed to his grave by two thousand brethren, 61.

Martyries, 177, 178; trading near, 182, 183; visited by Arcadius and Eudoxia at Easter-tide, 333.

Martyrs, appeal for assistance to, 132; churches built to commemorate their death, 177; their numerous festivals, 178; Chrysostom’s homilies on, 177-183; St. Augustine on the honour to be paid to them, 180; increasing veneration to them in the Church, 181; discovery of skeletons, and cures effected, 181; procession conducted by Chrysostom and the Empress, on the removal of some reliques, 222, 223.

Maruthas, bishop of Martyropolis, in Persia, an active missionary, 375 and _note_.

Maruthas, bishop of Mesopotamia, accidentally causes the death of Cyrinus, 307.

Maximian, persecution of, 56.

Maximin, persecution of, 60.

Maximus, bishop of Seleucia, adopts a secluded life, 27.

Maximus the usurper’s progress arrested by Theodosius, 141; his disloyalty, 190; passage of the Alps, 191; defeated by Theodosius, 191; beheaded, 191.

Meletius, bishop of Antioch, 15; translated from Sebaste in Armenia to Antioch, 18; preaches by command of Constantius on the text, “The Lord possessed me,” 19; dissents from the Arians, and is banished to Melitene, 19; recalled by Julian, 20; banished again in A.D. 367, and afterwards by the Emperor Valens, 21, 40; returns after the death of Valens (A.D. 378), 21; presided over the Council of Constantinople (A.D. 381), 21; died during its session, 21; his funeral oration, 21; one of his last acts, 86; Chrysostom’s encomium, 108; invocation to, 108.

Milan, astonishment of the people of, at Theodosius’s act of treachery, 195, 196.

Milman, Dean, quoted, 127.

Moduarius, a deacon, a messenger to Chrysostom in exile, 376.

Monasteries of Bethlehem placed under an interdict by John of Jerusalem, 291.

Monasteries, tranquillity of, 80; education at, 80.

Monasticism, 53; rise of, 59; rule of Pachomius, 60; introduced into Syria by Hilarion, 60; promoted in the West by St. Jerome, 61; Eastern and Western, 64-66; St. Chrysostom’s admiration for, 67; contemplative form of, 67, 68; enemies of, 73; its necessity, 74, 75; called “the true philosophy,” 75.

Monica, the mother of St. Augustine, 189.

Monk, calm life of the, 53; powerful influence of the, 77.

Monks, custom of reading aloud during dinner, 63 _note_; interfere in political contests, 65; Eastern and Western monks, 65; daily life, 66, 67; reception of the Eucharist, 66 _note_; persecution of, by Valens, 72, 73; exempt from love, avarice, etc., 76; fanatical fury, 143; Libanius’s invective against, 146.

Monks of Nitria, 294; the “tall brethren,” persecuted by Theophilus, 295-297; they fly to Palestine, and find a new home at Scythopolis, 297; the malice of their persecutor follows them here, 297; they embark for Constantinople, and reach that city fifty in number, 297; they appeal to Chrysostom, who receives them with kindness, but acts cautiously, 297, 298; resolve to appeal to the civil powers, 300; draw up documents of charges against Theophilus and their accusers, 301; accost the Empress, who promises the council they desire shall be called, 301; interview with Epiphanius, 304; Theophilus reconciled with “the tall brethren,” 316.

Monks, Pachomian, number of, 62; period of probation, 62; dress and habits, 63; division into classes, 64.

Nebridius, prefect of Constantinople, husband of Olympias, 280; his death two years after marriage, 281.

Nebridius, husband of Salvina, 279.

Nectarius, bishop of Constantinople, 47; his subservience to the Emperor, 198; his death, 212; had desired to make Arsacius bishop of Tarsus, 344.

Neocæsarea, Council of (about A.D. 320), 56.

Nestorius consecrated a bishop when a layman, 56.

New Year’s Day a riotous festival, 136.

Nice, Council of (A.D. 325), 17, 56; the custom of keeping Easter according to Jewish calculation condemned, 130; proposal of clerical celibacy defeated by Paphnutius, 219; prohibition as to unmarried clergy living with women other than mother, sister, or aunt, 219; canons of, on ecclesiastical affairs being judged in their own province, 308, 312, 351.

Nicolaus, a priest, supplies money and men to the Phœnician mission, 380.

Nilus, an anchorite, addresses letters of warning to Arcadius, 354.

Novatians, pretension of the, to purity of doctrine and life, 235; refuse readmission of penitents, 235; incur Chrysostom’s indignation, 235.

Oaths, the taking of, excites Chrysostom’s indignation, 231, 232.

Œcumenical Council, the Fifth (A.D. 553), 31.

Olympias, the deaconess, friend of Chrysostom, 280; early life, 280; married to Nebridius, 280; death of her husband, 281; devotes herself to the interests of the Church, 281; attends to the wants of the Nitrian monks, 298; Chrysostom’s farewell to, 339, 340; accused of incendiarism, 346; conduct before Optatus, 346; refuses communion with Arsacius, 346; is fined, and retires to Cyzicus, 346; intercedes for Chrysostom, 361; the archbishop’s letters to her from Cucusus, 367-373.

Olympic games instituted by Commodus at Antioch, 92, 101.

Optatus, a Pagan, succeeds Studius as prefect at Constantinople, 342; persecutes Chrysostom’s followers, 342, 345; fines Olympias, 346.

Origen, allegorical interpretations of, 28; his voluminous writings, and the controversy upon his teachings, 286-288; the Egyptian Church proud of him, 287.

Orontes, the, 17, 28, 58, 90, 91, 100, 101.

Ostrogoths, a colony of, established in Phrygia and Lydia, 140.

Pachomius, the Benedict of the East, 60; his practice of asceticism, 62; his rule acknowledged by three thousand monks during his lifetime, and fifty thousand after his death, 62.

Pagan temples, edict for the destruction of, 238.

Paganism, Chrysostom’s method of argument and homily against, 121-124; Theodosius’s laws against, 142, 143; its hold upon the people, 144; its apologists, 144, 145; prevalent in Phœnicia, 238; not extirpated in the fifth century, 382.

Pagans, conversion of, 175, 176.

Palladius, bishop of Hellenopolis, visits the Egyptian monasteries, 64; his narrative of events, 265 and _note_; a delegate on the affair of Antoninus, 269; joins Chrysostom at Bithynia, 271; on Chrysostom’s consistency, 278; account of Chrysostom and his bishops before being summoned to “the Synod of the Oak,” 309-311; description of Arsacius, 344; a fugitive to Rome, 350; accompanies the Italian deputation, 353; imprisoned near Ethiopia, 355; description of Constantius the priest, 357, 358.

Pamphylia, Tribigild awaits Leo at, 246.

Pansophius, bishop of Pissida, desired to “offer the gifts,” 267.

Pansophius elected to the see of Nicomedia, 273.

Paphnutius, an Egyptian monk, defeats the proposal of clerical celibacy at the Council of Nice, 219.

Parents, worldliness of, reproved by Chrysostom, 78, 79.

Paschal letter, the, 288 _note_.

Paternus, an emissary from the cabal to Innocent, 349.

Patriarch, the title, 216 and _note_.

Patricius, the notary, conveys to Chrysostom the mandate of his deposition, 339.

Paul, bishop of Crateia, solemnly warns Eudoxia, 333.

Paul, bishop of Heraclea, deputed to conciliate Eusebius, 267; joins Chrysostom at Bithynia, 271.

Paul, bishop of Tibur, interrupted while consecrating Ursicinus, 47.

Paul of Samosata deposed from the see of Antioch, 109; his Sabellian doctrines, 109; originally a sophist, and unfitted to build up a system, 109.

Paul the Anchorite retires to the Egyptian Thebaid during the persecution of Decius, 60.

Paulinian forcibly ordained deacon and priest by Epiphanius, 291.

Paulinus consecrated bishop by Lucifer of Cagliari, 20; recognised by Ambrose as bishop of Antioch, 199.

Peanius praised for his loyal zeal, 377.

Peasant clergy, Chrysostom’s praise of, 184, 185; simplicity of their wives, 185.

Pempton, congregation at, dispersed, 337.

Pentadia, wife of Timasius, friend of Chrysostom, 280; the archbishop’s farewell to, 339; imprisoned, and charged with incendiarism, 347; protests her innocence and silences her enemies, 347; is persuaded by Chrysostom to remain at Constantinople, 347.

Persecution intensifies attachment to the Church, 357.

Peter, a priest, the bearer of a letter from Theophilus to Innocent, 349.

Pharetrius, bishop of Cæsarea, does not greet Chrysostom on his journey, 362, 363; his envy of the exile, 363; menaces Seleucia, at whose house Chrysostom is lodged, 364.

Philippopolis, Arian Council of, 17.

“Philosophers” of Antioch, cowardice of, 167; peasant clergy more than a match for, 184.

Phœnicia, mission in, 380-382; Pagan resistance to the mission, 381.

Phrygia overrun by Tribigild, 245.

Pityus, on the Euxine, Chrysostom to be removed to, 386.

Placidia, sister of Honorius, 201.

Plato, dialogues of, 55; compared with Dionysius the Tyrant, 76; Chrysostom on the teaching of, 428, 429.

Polycarp, bishop, removal of his remains, 179.

Porphyry, a priest, procures the banishment of Constantius, 358; imprisons some of the clergy of Antioch, 358; enters the church, and with closed doors is hurriedly ordained bishop of Antioch by Acacius, Severian, and Antiochus, 358; is threatened by the populace, and protected by troops, 358.

Porphyry, bishop of Gaza, urges the destruction of Pagan temples, 238.

Preaching, Chrysostom’s remarks on, 51, 52.

Priesthood, the, Chrysostom’s books on, 40-55; probable date of writing, 55; age at which eligible for, 55, 56.

Priestly office, dignity, difficulty, and danger of, 43-45; qualifications for, 50.

Priscillianists, the, ruthlessly persecuted, by Maximus, 190.

Prisoners, custom of releasing, 172 and _note_.

Procla, Chrysostom’s farewell to, 339.

Proclus, friend of Chrysostom, 279; elevated to the see of Constantinople, 388; gains the consent of the Emperor to transport Chrysostom’s remains to the city, 388.

Procopius, uncle and guardian of Olympias, 280.

Promotus assassinated by order of Rufinus, 205.

Property holders, duties of, 230.

Protasius, discovery of the reliques of, 190.

Ptolemy Philadelphus deposits the Septuagint in the temple of Serapis, 128.

Pulcheria, daughter of Eudoxia, 248.

Pusey, Dr., quoted, 417, 418.

Ravenna, Honorius at, 352; court of, not powerful enough to enforce the convocation of a general council, 359.

Reader in the Church, office of, 23; ceremony of ordination to, 23.

Reliques, importance attached to, 382.

Remigius of Rheims made bishop at the age of twenty-two, 56.

Repentance, Chrysostom on, 34.

Rhadagaisus covets Rome, 359.

Right of asylum in the Church abolished by Eutropius, 210; transferred from Pagan temples, 249; sought by Eutropius, 250; maintained by Chrysostom, 251.

Rimini, the creed of, 18, 188.

Roman Catholic countries, abuse of saints’ days in, 183.

Rome, bishop of, growing tendency of Christendom to appeal to, 335; no jealousy entertained by Chrysostom of him, 335.

Rome, contest for the see of, 47; persecutions at, 58; St. Jerome at, 61; division into districts, 103; love of the people for chariot-races, 118; triumphal entry of Theodosius, 193; its mixed population, 195; deputation of the inhabitants to Stilicho and Honorius against the consulship of Eutropius, 242; arrival of fugitives from Constantinople, 350; efforts of Alaric to conquer, 359.

Rufinus, a presbyter, sent to Phœnicia to restore peace, 381; Chrysostom’s letter to, 381, 382.

Rufinus, minister of Theodosius, 187; his view of the sedition at Thessalonica, 195; endeavours to console Theodosius, 197; seeks an interview with Ambrose, but is repulsed, 197; appointed guardian to Arcadius, and regent of the East, 203; some account of his life, 203; his “accursed thirst” for gain, and his extortions, 204; display of piety, 204; builds a monastery and church at “the Oak,” and is baptized therein, 204; surrounds himself with a powerful party, 204; jealousy of Stilicho, 205; scheme to marry his daughter to Arcadius frustrated, 205; villanous plot of overrunning the country with Huns, Goths, etc., 206, 207; his death just when he had attained the height of his ambition, 208.

Rufinus, monk of Aquileia, a warm admirer of Origen, 288; is accused of being an Origenist by Aterbius, and refuses to defend himself, 288; sides with Bishop John of Jerusalem, 291.

Sabellians, the, 50; their danger to Christianity, 107.

Sabiniana, the deaconess, follows Chrysostom into exile, 366.

Saints’ days, abuse of, 182, 183.

Saints, the Old Testament, 84, 99; growth of devotion to, 108; appeal for assistance to, 132; their festivals grow numerous, 178; special days of commemoration, 178; character of the festivals, 178; their Acts or Passions, 178 and _note_; Chrysostom’s belief in their intercessory power, 178; feeling in the Church in regard to their invocation, 179; popular faith in the miraculous power of their remains, 180, 181; pilgrimages to their tombs, 181; relics removed by Flavian, 181 _note_.

Salustius, a priest, rebuked by Chrysostom, 345, 376.

Salvina, daughter of Gildo, friend of Chrysostom, 279; the archbishop’s farewell to, 339.

Saracens, the nomadic, 61.

Sardica, Council of (A.D. 342), 17; (A.D. 343, 344), 56; repudiates the Twelfth Canon of the Council of Antioch, 329, 351.

Saturninus, husband of Castricia: his surrender demanded by Gaïnas, 257; insulted by Gaïnas, and afterwards delivered up, 257.

Savile, Sir Henry: his edition of Chrysostom’s works, 9.

Savonarola, 3; character of the people preached to by, 233; compared with Chrysostom, 426.

Schism of Antioch, 20, 21.

Secundus, father of Chrysostom, 9; his death, 10.

Seleucia lodges Chrysostom at her house, 364; is threatened by Pharetrius, 364.

Seleucus, Count, father of Olympias, 280.

Septuagint, the, 128.

Serapion, archdeacon, encourages Chrysostom in his severity towards the clergy, 222; his dislike of and discourtesy to Severian, 276; remains Chrysostom’s friend, 279; exclamation on the teaching of Theophilus, 288; summoned before the “Synod of the Oak,” 311; now bishop of Heraclea, scourged and exiled, 345; seeks shelter with Gothic monks, 375.

Serapis, the temple of, Septuagint deposited at, 128; silver image of, at Alexandria, destroyed, 144.

Serena, wife of Stilicho, 201.

Severian, bishop of Gabala, deputed to act for Chrysostom during his absence, 270; endeavours to undermine the archbishop’s influence, 275; his efforts to win admiration, 276; irritation with Serapion’s discourtesy, 276; expelled from Constantinople by Chrysostom, but recalled by command of Eudoxia, 276, 277; becomes a leader of the faction hostile to Chrysostom, 282; extols the deposition of the patriarch, 321; again plotting against him after his recall, 329; urges the Emperor to remove Chrysostom from the city, 338, 339; assists in secretly ordaining Porphyry, 358.

Severus, Emperor Alexander: his admiration of the mode of electing bishops, 46.

Shakespeare quoted, 95 _note_, 161 _note_.

Sicinnius, the Novatian bishop, writes against Chrysostom, 235; admired by Socrates, 235 _note_.

Silk, the use of, 227 and _note_.

Simeon Stylites on his pillar, 61; a caricature of the anchorite, 65.

Siricius, Pope, decree of, on celibacy of the clergy, 218.

Socrates, 76; invited by Archelaus to court, 76; resists the allurements of ambition, 95.

Socrates, historian, terms dedicatory churches “martyries,” 178; says the treatises of Chrysostom on “spiritual sisters” were composed during his diaconate, 220; account of the pursuit of Gaïnas, 263; stories of Maruthas, 375 _note_.

Sozomen on the dress of Pachomian monks, 63; on their industries, 64; his account of the pursuit of Gaïnas, 263.

Spiritual agency, 82-84.

“Spiritual sisters” of priests, 219.

Stagirius, excessive austerities of, 82; their effect, 83; consoled by Chrysostom, 84.

Stanley, Dean, quoted, 40.

Stelechius, Chrysostom’s book addressed to, 69, 71.

Stephen, bishop of Antioch, president of the Arian Council of Philippopolis, 17; deposed by the Emperor Constantius, 17.

Stilicho, 187; Theodosius commends to him Honorius and the West, 202; likened by Claudian to Scipio, 205; Honorius betrothed to his daughter, 205; advances against Alaric, but is prevented from attacking him by a message from Constantinople, 207; sends back his troops under Gaïnas, 207, 208; again hastens to attack Alaric, but hears that he is commander-in-chief of the forces of the East, 210; receives a deputation of Romans on the consulship of Eutropius, 242; rumours of his march to the East, 247; efforts to restrain Alaric and Rhadagaisus, 359.

Strabo’s description of Daphne, 101.

Superstitions, description of, 137; rebuked by Chrysostom, 137, 138.

Swearing, admonition against, 159, 160.

Symmachus, his apology for paganism, 145; eloquent appeal for the retention of the statue of Victory, 145; his character, 145 _note_; Ambrose’s reply to his appeal, 145, 146; obtains a professorial chair for St. Augustine, 189; cordially received by Theodosius, 194.

Syncletius, bishop of Trajanopolis, a delegate on the affair of Antoninus, 269.

“Synod of the Oak,” 309; Chrysostom summoned to the, 309; not an Œcumenical Council, 313; its display of formalities, 313; the archbishop refuses to attend, and is deposed, 315, 316; its sentence ratified by the Emperor, 316, 317; its proceedings declared illegal, 325.

Syria: Antioch degraded, and Laodicea made its capital, 165; Theophilus travels through, bringing disaffected bishops to Constantinople, 306; overrun by Isaurians, 354.

Syrus, an old ascetic, 82.

“Tall brethren” persecuted by Theophilus, 294, 295; their dwellings pillaged, 295; fly to Palestine, 297; thence to Constantinople, 297; Theophilus is reconciled to them, 316.

Temple, the only lawful place to offer sacrifices, 131 _note_; Julian commands its restoration, 131 _note_; failure to rebuild, 131.

Tertullian, saying of, 177.

Thalia, the, of Arius, 236.

Thebaid, the Egyptian, 60; Pachomius, a native of the, 62.

Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia, 9; joins an ascetic brotherhood, 27; returns to a worldly life, 31, 32; letters of lamentation from Chrysostom, 32-39; returns again to the brotherhood, 39; made bishop of Mopsuestia (A.D. 394), 39; his character, 39.

Theodore of Tyana, friendly to Chrysostom, 329; quits Constantinople on seeing the unfair construction of the council, 329.

Theodoret’s story of the meeting of Gaïnas and Chrysostom, 263; on the jurisdiction of Chrysostom, 274; on idolatry in Phœnicia, 382.

Theodoras executed, 57, 94.

Theodosia, sister of Amphilocius, and instructress of Olympias, 280.

Theodosius I., on amicable terms with Libanius, 12; his defeats of the Goths, 93; deservedly called “The Great,” 139; his services against Scots and Saxons, Moors and Goths, 139; disgraced, and retires to Spain, 139; recalled, and made Emperor, 140; his character, 140; military achievements, 140, 141; a Christian, 141; efforts to establish a uniform type of religion, 141; his baptism, 141; solemn declaration of faith, 141; makes Gregory of Nazianzus bishop, 142; project for a general council, 142; edict against heretics, 142; forbids the practice of divination, 143; laws against Pagans, 142, 143; his impartiality, 147, 148; his wife Flacilla, 148; choleric temper, 148; pardons Antioch after the tumult, 170; interview with Flavian, 171-174; victory over Maximus, 191; generosity to his enemies, 191; commands the bishop of Callinicum to rebuild the Jewish synagogue, 191; remonstrance of Ambrose, 191, 192; the order annulled, 193; triumphal entry into Rome, 193; two popular enactments, 193, 194; abstains from interfering in religious debates, 194; resentment at the sedition of Thessalonica, 195; barbarous act of ferocity, 195; confronted by Ambrose, and refused admittance to the cathedral, 196; exhorted to deep repentance, 197; his penance, 197, 198; forbidden to sit with the clergy during the celebration, 198; collects a huge force, and solicits the favour of heaven, 200; arrives near the scene of his former victory, 200; assaults Arbogastes, but is repulsed, 200; his vision, 200; rallies his army, and completely defeats the enemy, 201; received at Milan with transports of joy, 201; free pardon granted to the Milanese who had revolted, 201; his health gives way, 201; receives the Eucharist at the hands of Ambrose, 201; beseeches the Western bishops to acknowledge Flavian, 201; implores the Pagan Roman senators to become Christians, 201, 202; last appearances in public, 202; his death, 202; his law on the right of asylum, 249; conduct towards Olympias, 281.

Theodosius II., attacked by an alarming illness, 304; suppresses the Pagan homage paid to Emperors, 327; consents to Chrysostom’s reliques being brought to Constantinople, 388; implores forgiveness for his parents’ wrongs to the saint, 388.

Theodosius the elder, 139; executed at Carthage, 139 _note_; his statue destroyed by the mob at Antioch, 152.

Theophilus, a priest, rebuked by Chrysostom, 345, 376.

Theophilus, archbishop of Alexandria, appointed arbitrator between Flavian and Evagrius, 199; pushes the claims of Isidore for the see of Constantinople, 213; refuses to take part in Chrysostom’s ordination until threatened by Eutropius, 215; his opposition is silenced, and he assists in the consecration, 215, 216; joins Chrysostom in urging the recognition of Flavian, 237; behaviour to Olympias, 282 _note_; becomes the chief of Chrysostom’s foes, 285; his character, 284, 285; earnest defender of the teaching of Origen, 287; made arbitrator between Jerome and John of Jerusalem, 292; his letter intended for John is delivered to Vinctius, 292; changes sides, 292, 293; brings a horrible charge against Isidore, who is ejected from the ministry, 294; persecutes the “tall brethren,” 294-297; his malice follows the Nitrian monks to Palestine, 297; schemes for the overthrow of Chrysostom, 298, 299; apologetic letter to Epiphanius, 299; writes a sharp complaint to Chrysostom, 300; summoned to Constantinople to defend his conduct towards the Nitrian monks, 301; arrival at the city with twenty-eight bishops, 306; declines the hospitality of Chrysostom, 307; resides at Pera, in a house of the Emperor’s, 307; refuses all communication with the archbishop, 308; his house the resort of the disaffected, 308; bribes to the city, 308; draws up a list of accusations against Chrysostom, 309; holds a synod at “the Oak,” and summons the archbishop to appear, 309; after his object is attained, is reconciled to the “tall brethren,” 316; arrives at Constantinople with a large retinue, and restores the worthless clergy, 320, 321; remains in the city after the recall of Chrysostom, 324, 325; his flight when summonses were issued for a general council, 325; excuses himself from attending the council, 325; invited by Chrysostom’s enemies again to visit Constantinople, 328; declines, and sends three “pitiful bishops,” 328; his letter to Pope Innocent received with displeasure, 348; reproved by Innocent, 348, 349.

Theotecnus brings to Innocent a letter from twenty-five bishops, 349.

Theotimus, a Goth, bishop of Tomis, at Constantinople, 266; a determined opponent of Epiphanius, 303; called by the Huns “the god of the Christians,” 303; denounces the unseemly condemnation of the works of Origen, 303.

Therapeutæ, the, 59.

Therasius: Chrysostom addresses a letter to the widow of, 93.

Thermopylæ, pass of, violated by Alaric, 210.

Thessalonica, sedition at, 195; its Christian population, 195; failure of the mission of Ambrose to obtain clemency, 195; barbarous massacre of 7000 inhabitants, 195.

Thrace, Flacilla dies at, 148; overrun by Alaric, 207; ravaged by Gaïnas, 263; ravaged by Huns, 354.

Tiberias, Patriarch of, 126.

Tiberius restricted the right of asylum, 249.

Tigrius summoned before the “Synod of the Oak,” 311; scourged, and put on the rack, 345; survives, and is banished to Mesopotamia, 345.

Tillemont’s opinion of Theodore, 39 _note_; floating synod at Constantinople, 266 _note_.

Tomis, a market of Goths and Huns, 303.

Tradition, Chrysostom’s arguments not based on, 117.

Trajan, Antioch nearly destroyed in the reign of, 90.

Tranquillus, a friend of Chrysostom, 329.

Tribigild, the Ostrogoth, solicits promotion for himself and more pay for his soldiers, 244; his suit coldly dismissed by the Emperor’s minister, 244; returns home, and resolves to cast off allegiance to the empire, 245; overruns Phrygia, and captures some fortified towns, 245; refuses to treat with Eutropius, 246; his army retreats to Pamphylia, where he awaits Leo, 246; swoops down upon his prey at night, scattering Leo’s army, 247; his forces joined with those of Gaïnas, 257.

Trinity Sunday, 178 _note_.

Uldes, or Uldin, pursues Gaïnas and kills him, 263.

Ulphilas, preaching of, to the Goths, 382.

Unilas, a Gothic bishop, appointed by Chrysostom, 237; dies after a short but active career, 375.

Ursicinus, consecration of, by Paul, bishop of Tibur, violently stopped by Damasus, 47.

Valens, the Emperor, on amicable terms with Libanius, 12; favoured the Arians, 21; expelled bishop Meletius, 40; his decree against the practisers of magic, 57; persecution of the monks, 72-75; destruction by the Goths, 92, 94; forbids the sacrifice of animals, 143.

Valentinian, his decree against magicians, 57; his fate, 94; territory secured to him by Theodosius, 141; forbids the sacrifice of animals, 143.

Valentinian II., 187; flight to Thessalonica, 191; accompanies Theodosius to Rome, 193; in possession of his dominions, 199; treachery of his general of the forces, Arbogastes, 200; found strangled, 200.

Valentinians, a church of, set fire to by fanatics, 191.

Valentinus, error of, 113.

Valentinus, entreated to benevolence by Chrysostom, 377.

Venerius, bishop of Milan, Chrysostom’s letter to, 334, 335; sends a letter by the Italian deputation, 353.

Vincentius, presbyter and friend of Jerome, 292.

Victor Uticensis, 23.

Victory, news of, proclaimed gratuitously by Theodosius, 194.

Visigoths, a colony of, established in Thrace, 140.

Wealth, Chrysostom on, 156, 157.

Wesley, John, at Oxford, 27; as a preacher, 425.

Western Church, the, acknowledges Paulinus as bishop of Antioch, 20; favourable to clerical celibacy, 218; does not fully accept Origen’s teachings, 287; appealed to by the Eastern Church, 335; not able to insist on justice to Chrysostom, 349; breaks off communion with Theophilus and Atticus, 358; demands the convocation of a general council, 358.

Western theology, 391, 392.

Westminster, sanctuary of, 249.

Women, influence of, on early Christianity, 10, 11; they baffle Julian and Governor Alexander at Antioch, 11; Libanius’s letter on, 11; interference in the election of bishops, 48; multitudes take vows of celibacy, 61; degraded position in the East, 96.

Zosimus, 153 _note_; account of the pursuit of Gaïnas, 262, 263.

Edinburgh University Press:

THOMAS AND ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE, PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY.